1. The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs
- Author
-
Ying Han, Xintong Zhang, Wei Huang, Zhonggao Gao, and Mingji Jin
- Subjects
SLC, solute carrier ,Bioavailability ,AMI, amiodarone ,MPA, mycophenolic acid ,TLCA, taurolithocholate ,ASP, amisulpride ,RA, rheumatoid arthritis ,Review ,NRs, nitroreductases ,MDR1, multidrug resistance gene 1 ,NaGC, sodium glycholate ,MATEs, multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins ,NMEs, new molecular entities ,0302 clinical medicine ,HFD, high fat diet ,P-gp, P-glycoprotein ,ACS, amphipathic chitosan derivative ,Medicine ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,LCA, lithocholic acid ,0303 health sciences ,Gastrointestinal tract ,IBD, inflammatory bowel disease ,pKa, dissociation constant ,RBC, red blood cell ,FA, folate ,OATs, organic anion transporters ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,MKC, monoketocholic acid ,the GI tract, the gastrointestinal tract ,AQP4, aquaporin 4 ,OCTNs, organic zwitterion/cation ,T2D, type 2 diabetes ,Gut microbiota ,RM1-950 ,WHO, World Health Organization ,03 medical and health sciences ,EcN, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 ,Drug Transport Process ,BDEPT, the bacteria-directed enzyme prodrug therapy ,BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system ,NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis ,DRPs, digoxin reduction products ,NaDC, sodium deoxycholate ,Probiotics ,CPP, cell-penetrating peptide ,OCTs, organic cation transporters ,TDCA, taurodeoxycholate ,cgr operon, cardiac glycoside reductase operon ,RA - Rheumatoid arthritis ,DCA, deoxycholic acid ,AA, ascorbic acid ,BBR, berberine ,Personalized medicine ,BDDCS, the biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system ,SSZ, sulfasalazine ,UDC, ursodeoxycholic acid ,PPIs, proton pump inhibitors ,BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein ,CS, chitosan ,Gut flora ,Bioinformatics ,PD, Parkinson's disease ,SLN, solid lipid nanoparticle ,SGLT-1, sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1 ,Oral administration ,MRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 ,FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ,SVCT-1/2, the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1/2 ,an OTC drug, an over-the-counter drug ,CA, cholic acid ,biology ,ABC, ATP-binding cassette ,T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus ,NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ,AR, azoreductase ,GCDC, glycochenodeoxycholate ,Drug delivery ,GL, glycyrrhizic acid ,PT, pectin ,LPS, lipopolysaccharide ,TME, the tumor microenvironment ,T1D, type 1 diabetes ,TCDC, taurochenodeoxycholate ,Oral drugs ,MDR1a, multidrug resistance protein-1a ,SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids ,CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid ,030304 developmental biology ,business.industry ,dhBBR, dihydroberberine ,biology.organism_classification ,HTC, hematocrit ,PWSDs, poorly water-soluble drugs ,Colon-specific drug delivery system ,stomatognathic diseases ,SP, sulfapyridine ,5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid ,BSH, bile salt hydrolase ,TCA, taurocholate ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,business - Abstract
Due to its safety, convenience, low cost and good compliance, oral administration attracts lots of attention. However, the efficacy of many oral drugs is limited to their unsatisfactory bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. One of the critical and most overlooked factors is the symbiotic gut microbiota that can modulate the bioavailability of oral drugs by participating in the biotransformation of oral drugs, influencing the drug transport process and altering some gastrointestinal properties. In this review, we summarized the existing research investigating the possible relationship between the gut microbiota and the bioavailability of oral drugs, which may provide great ideas and useful instructions for the design of novel drug delivery systems or the achievement of personalized medicine., Graphical abstract The gut microbiota may influence the bioavailability of oral drugs by the microbial enzyme activity, affecting the drug transport or changing the gastrointestinal properties. This may provide us some advice on preventing the possible drug–drug interaction and offer us some useful strategies for the drug delivery system design.Image 1
- Published
- 2021