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1. When climate variability partly compensates for groundwater depletion: An analysis of the GRACE signal in Morocco

Author

Ouatiki, Hamza, Boudhar, Abdelghani, Leblanc, Marc, Fakir, Younes, Chehbouni, Abdelghani, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and This study was supported by the 'MorSnow-1' research program within the International Water Research Institute (IWRI) , Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) , Morocco (Accord specifique n? 39 entre OCP S.A et UM6P) , the 'African Geospatial Data Portal Frameworks For Science, Capacity-Building And Decision-Making Purposes' project within the Center for Remote Sensing Applications (CRSA-UM6P) , Morocco (Accord specifique no 89 entre OCP S.A et UM6P) , and by the Continental Surfaces and Interfaces in the Mediterranean Area (SICMED) program.

Subjects
GRACE, GRACE versus climate, Groundwater depletion, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Changepoint, Natural recharge, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

International audience; Since April 2002, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission have opened new pathways for hydrologists to monitor the changes in terrestrial total water storage (TWS). Here, the Center for Space Research (CSR), Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and the average (AVG) GRACE mascon solutions were used to examine the changes in TWS and groundwater storages (GWS) in Morocco, with an emphasis on natural replenishment events and their link to snow cover area (SCA) and rainfall variability. New hydrological insights for the region: The results showed that GRACE TWS from AVG (TWS AVG) and GSFC (TWS GSFC) can fairly describe the temporal patterns of the groundwater level (GWL). Moreover, during 2002-2020, the TWS underwent a strong depletion relatively masked by natural recharge events. This was revealed as we identified two intermittent depletion episodes with statistically significant rates (− 1.03 ± 0.11 to − 0.31 ± 0.1 cm yr − 1) higher than those obtained for the long-term trend lines (− 0.28 ± 0.11 to − 0.15 ± 0.07 cm yr − 1). The TWS appeared to be strongly linked with the SCA metrics and rainfall indices with 1-3 months of lag. Our findings suggest that the rainfall distribution can be more insightful about changes in groundwater levels compared to the rainfall monthly totals.

Published
2022
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2. New generation of controlled release phosphorus fertilizers based on biological macromolecules: Effect of formulation properties on phosphorus release

Author

Youssef Zeroual, Abdellatif Barakat, Abdallah Oukarroum, Isabelle Bertrand, M'barek Amjoud, Saloua Fertahi, Mohamed Ilsouk, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Gueliz, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Groupe OCP, OCP Group, INRA, and University Mohamed VI Polytechnic (UM6P) for providing financial support for this study (Atlass Project), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, LMCN, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad (Université Cadi Ayyad), OCP/Situation Innovation, OCP S.A., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro

Subjects
engrais phosphaté, Polymers, 02 engineering and technology, microscopie électronique à balayage, Biochemistry, Coating, chemistry.chemical_compound, phosphorus fertilizers, Structural Biology, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Controlled release, Lignin, Biomass, pesticide formulations, Alginic acid, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Phosphorus fertilizer, Molecular Structure, Phosphorus, General Medicine, lignine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Alkali metal, 6. Clean water, Thermogravimetry, SEM, 0210 nano-technology, medicine.drug, Drug Compounding, lignin, chemistry.chemical_element, formulation, engineering.material, Polysaccharide, 03 medical and health sciences, Polysaccharides, medicine, biomasse, Fertilizers, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Spectrum Analysis, Carboxymethyl cellulose, matériau d'enrobage, chemistry, Delayed-Action Preparations, polysaccharide, engineering, Biopolymer, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

The main objective of this work was to study the possibility of using polysaccharides and lignin as a coating material for water-soluble triple superphosphate (TSP) granular fertilizers. In this study, composites based on three polysaccharides (sodium alginate (alginic acid sodium salt): AL, kappa-carrageenan: CR and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt: CM) and lignin (LG) were prepared. The lignin used was extracted from olive pomace (OP) biomass using the alkali method. The morphological, mechanical, and surface properties as well as the thermal behavior of the coatings were characterized and compared. Their morphology and thickness revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed good adhesion between the fertilizer and coating materials. The results showed that the lignin-carrageenan formulation (LGCR) exhibited the highest water absorbency and elastic modulus. Release tests showed the effect of the TSP/biopolymer mass ratio and that the slowest P release was obtained with the LGCR@TSP formulation composite within 3 day. In addition, 59.5% and 72.5% of P was released after 3 days with the TSP/biopolymer mass ratios of 5/1 and 15/1, respectively, compared to 100% P release with the uncoated TSP.

Published
2020
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3. Alfa fibers as viable sustainable source for cellulose nanocrystals extraction: Application for improving the tensile properties of biopolymer nanocomposite films

Author

Abdellatif Barakat, Mounir El Achaby, Zineb Kassab, A. Aboulkas, Materials Science and Nanoengineering Department, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et Matériaux [Casablanca] (LIMAT), Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik [Casablanca], Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC)-Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire des procédés chimiques et matériaux appliqués (LPCMA), Faculté polydisciplinaire de Béni-Mellal, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane (USMS ), Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP S.A.), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Sultan Moulay Slimane - USMS (Béni Mellal, MA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
microscope à fluorescence, Materials science, Tensile properties, composition chimique, chemical treatment, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, alfa, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallinity, biopolymer, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Ultimate tensile strength, Zeta potential, Thermal stability, résistance à la traction, Cellulose, Biopolymer nanocomposites, Nanocomposite, Cellulose nanocrystals, Sulfuric acid, bleaching, esparto grass, Lignocellulosic fibers, blanchiment, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, stipa tenacissima, 0104 chemical sciences, fibre lignocellulosique, chemistry, Chemical engineering, chemical analysis, biopolymère, engineering, Biopolymer, 0210 nano-technology, Agronomy and Crop Science, traitement chimique
Abstract

Due to its renewability, availability and high cellulose content (≈45%), Alfa fibers (Stipa tenacissima) have been identified as a sustainable source for cellulose microfibers (CMF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) production. Subjecting raw Alfa fibers to alkali, bleaching and sulfuric acid hydrolysis treatments allowed producing CMF and CNC with high yields. The fluorescence microscopy confirmed that CMF, with average diameter of 10 μm, were successfully obtained after bleaching treatments. TEM and AFM showed that the CNC exhibit needle-like shape with an average diameter and length of 5 ± 3 nm and 330 ± 30 nm, respectively, giving rise to an aspect ratio of about 66. XPS measurement confirmed the presence of sulfate groups on the surface of CNC with 2.04 sulfate groups per 100 anhydroglucose units, confirming the negatively charged surface of CNC, with zeta potential value of − 47.39 mV. XRD studies showed that CMF and CNC exhibit cellulose I structure with crystallinity index of 71% and 90%, respectively. FTIR and TGA analyses were used to identify the chemical composition and thermal stability changes during different chemical treatments, suggesting that all non-cellulosic compounds were removed after alkali and bleaching treatments. The obtained CNC were dispersed into three different biopolymer matrices, e.g. chitosan, alginate, and k-carrageenan, at various CNC loadings (1, 3, 5 and 8 wt%), to evaluate their ability to enhance the tensile properties of biopolymers and, at the same time, to produce new biopolymer-based nanocomposite films. It was found that the tensile properties of the as-produced nanocomposite films were largely improved with addition of CNC, resulting in mechanically strong and flexible ecofriendly nanocomposite films.

Published
2018
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4. Combination of Dry Milling and Separation Processes with Anaerobic Digestion of Olive Mill Solid Waste: Methane Production and Energy Efficiency

Author

Elalami, Doha, Carrère, Hélène, Abdelouahdi, Karima, Oukarroum, Abdallah, Dhiba, Driss, Arji, Mohamed, Barakat, Abdellatif, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Faculte des sciences et Techniques Mohammedia [Casablanca] (FSTM), Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Complexe industriel Jorf Lasfar, OCP S.A., Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Groupe OCP, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Industrial Waste, digestion anaérobie, Solid Waste, propriété électrostatique, broyage, tamisage, Article, lcsh:QD241-441, bilan énergétique, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Olea, Biomass, Olive Oil, energy efficiency, sieving, electrostatic separation, electrostatic properties, sifting, extraction d'huile, pretreatment, grinding, energy balance, Biodegradation, Environmental, milling, prétraitement, Methane
Abstract

This experimental work aims at investigating the effects of milling, sieving, and electrostatic separation on the biochemical methane potential of two olive pomaces from traditional olive oil extraction (M) and from a three-phase system (T). Sieving proved to be efficient for increasing the soluble chemical oxygen demand in the smallest fractions of the sieve of both M (62%) and T (78%) samples. The positive fraction following electrostatic separation also enhanced chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilisation by 94%, in comparison to sample T milled at 4 mm. Sieve fractions with a size greater than 0.9 mm contained 33% and 47% less lipids for the M and T biomasses, respectively. Dry fractionation modified sample properties as well as lipid and fiber distribution. Concomitantly, milling increased the accessibility and facilitated the release of organic matter. The energy balance was positive after knife milling and sieving, while ball milling and ultrafine milling proved to be inefficient.

Published
2018
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5. Dry fractionation of olive pomace for biogas production: milling, sieving and electrostaic separation

Author

EL ALAMI, Doha, Carrère, Hélène, Lebrihi, A., Dhiba, D., Barakat, Abdellatif, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroBiosciences Department, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Complexe industriel Jorf Lasfar, OCP S.A., Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Groupe OCP, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Czech Society of Chemical Engineering (CSCHI). CZE., and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

Olive oil extraction processes are worldwide extended especially in Mediterranean regions, but they generate huge quantities of olive wastes which show environmental risks [1]. In particular, solid residues, olive pomaces (OP), are rich in organic matter and lipids, and could be valorized by anaerobic digestion [2]. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dry fractionation (milling, sieving and electrostatic separation) for OP anaerobic digestion. Milling at 4 mm and 1 mm, was carried out using knife miller, while smaller sizes (200 μm and 50 μm) were obtained after ball milling. Samples at 4 mm were sieved using a 0.9 mm screen. Ultrafine samples (50 μm) were subjected to an electrostatic separation (ES) process [3]. Batch experiments were conducted in the biochemical methane potential assays, at different particle sizes. Effects of pretreatments were evaluated by biochemical composition of OP fractions. Milling at 50 μm increased both soluble chemical oxygen demand and methane yield by 36% and 53% respectively, compared to OP at 4 mm which was due to the increase of surface area and accessibility to microorganisms [4]. Similarly, samples having size higher than 0.9 mm contained 2 fold lesser lipids which decreased methane production by 19% compared to raw OP. The negatively charged-ES fraction of milled samples at 50 μm represented the highest polyphenols content (13 mg equilavent galic acid/gTS) and produced the highest cumulative methane volume (157 ml CH4/gVS), which was 56% higher than the raw OP. In conclusion, milling, sieving and separations process are both efficient and clean pretreatments enhancing methane production from olive pomace without the addition of neither water nor chemical reagents.

Published
2018

6. New highly hydrated cellulose microfibrils with a tendril helical morphology extracted from agro-waste material: application to removal of dyes from waste water

Author

Maria-Cruz Figueroa-Espinoza, A. Aboulkas, M. El Achaby, Nour-Elhouda Fayoud, H. Ben youcef, Materials Science and Nanoengineering Department, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire des procédés chimiques et matériaux appliqués (LPCMA), Faculté polydisciplinaire de Béni-Mellal, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane (USMS ), Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP S.A.), and Université Sultan Moulay Slimane - USMS (Béni Mellal, MA)

Subjects
Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Ingénierie des aliments, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, valorisation des résidus, Industrial wastewater treatment, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Adsorption, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Food engineering, Cellulose, déchet agricole, Aqueous solution, caractérisation physico chimique, Swelling capacity, Langmuir adsorption model, food and beverages, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, cellulose, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Wastewater, adsorption, biomatériau, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, farm wastes, Waste disposal
Abstract

Cocoa bean shells (CBS) are a by-product of the cocoa bean processing industry. They represent 12–20 wt% of dry cocoa beans, after having been separated from these by a roasting process. CBS often end up as a waste product which contains around 34 wt% of cellulose. The transformation of this waste into valuable and marketable products would help to improve waste disposal. Indeed, the large annual production of this waste makes it a sustainable and renewable bio-source for the production of chemicals and fibers for advanced applications. In this work, new cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) with a tendril helical morphology and highly hydrated gel-like behavior were successfully extracted from CBS waste using a controlled chemical extraction process. During this study, several physico-chemical characterizations were carried out in order to identify the properties of each of the products at different stages of treatment. Microscopic observations show that the extracted CMFs have a tendril helical shape like climbing plant tendrils. Due to this special morphology, the extracted CMFs show a highly hydrated state forming a gel network without additional modifications. The as-extracted CMFs were used as adsorbent material for the removal of methylene blue from concentrated aqueous solution, as an application to wastewater treatment for the removal of basic dyes. Swelling properties, adsorption kinetics and isotherms were carried out in batch experiments. The results indicated that the CMFs have a high swelling capacity (190%). The pseudo second order model can be effectively used to evaluate the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherms can also be described well by the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 381.68 mg g−1. Thus, the as-extracted CMFs with unique characteristics have the potential to be used as efficient adsorbent material for the removal of different cationic dyes from industrial wastewater.

Published
2017
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7. Wastewater treatment plant sludge valorization in co-digestion with biomass wastes to produce bioenergy and biochars

Author

El Alami, Doha, Carrère, Hélène, Essaid, Bilal, Barakat, Abdellatif, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Materials science and nano-engineering center, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), Groupe OCP, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département GéoSciences et Environnement (PEG-ENSMSE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, R&D OCP, OCP S.A., Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne, Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
traitement des déchets, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, digestion anaérobie, Pretreatments, pretreatment, Wastewater, Sludge, traitement des effluents, pyrolyse, Anaerobic digestion, Biomass, thermal degradation, prétraitement, waste treatment, Pyrolysis
Abstract

Because water is consumed excessively, sludge from wastewater treatment plants is produced in high amounts, which required their management. Instead of landfilling, land-spreading and combustion, thermochemical and biological processes could be applied to sludge, so that to extract valuable bio-products from it. These products are bioenergy in form of biogas and biofuels (bio-oils) and biochar which could be used for polluted water detoxification, for greenhouse gases adsorption and as amendment for soil. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the current study having as a goal the design of an ecological process combining anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis to valorize wastes. This process will consume lower energy that could be recovered by the process itself via bio-methane burning; in addition, it will not generate any residue and provide a good alternative for waste volumes reduction and recycling.

Published
2017

8. Valorization of algal waste via pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor: production and characterization of bio-oil and bio-char

Author

K. El harfi, A. Aboulkas, Essaïd Bilal, H. Hammani, Abdellatif Barakat, M. El Achaby, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche des sciences et techniques, Faculté polydisciplinaire de Béni-Mellal, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane (USMS ), Materials Science and Nanoengineering Department, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), Laboratoire de Chimie et Modélisation Mathématique, Université Hassan 1er [Settat], Groupe OCP, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département GéoSciences et Environnement (PEG-ENSMSE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE), Université Sultan Moulay Slimane - USMS (Béni Mellal, MA), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, R&D OCP, OCP S.A., Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Hot Temperature, Ingénierie des aliments, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Biochar, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Microalgae, thermal degradation, Charcoal, Waste Management and Disposal, Chemical composition, huile végétale, Waste management, Temperature, General Medicine, Plants, 6. Clean water, vegetal oil, Biofuel, algue, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Pyrolysis, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, 020209 energy, Characterization, chemistry.chemical_element, Bio-oil, Bioengineering, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, 12. Responsible consumption, Food engineering, biochar, Bio-char, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Algal waste, valorisation des déchets, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Solid fuel, pyrolyse, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Elemental analysis, Biofuels, Carbon
Abstract

The aim of the present work is to develop processes for the production of bio-oil and bio-char from algae waste using the pyrolysis at controlled conditions. The pyrolysis was carried out at different temperatures 400-600 °C and different heating rates 5-50 °C/min. The algal waste, bio-oil and bio-char were successfully characterized using Elemental analysis, Chemical composition, TGA, FTIR, 1H-NMR, GC-MS and SEM. At a temperature of 500 °C and a heating rate of 10 °C/min, the maximum yield of biooil and bio-char was found to be 24.10 and 44.01wt%, respectively, which was found to be strongly influenced by the temperature variation, and weakly affected by the heating rate variation. Results show that the bio-oil cannot be used as bio-fuel, but can be used as a source of value-added chemicals. On the other hand, the bio-char is a promising candidate for solid fuel applications and for the production of carbon materials.

Published
2017
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9. Innovative deconstruction of biomass induced by dry chemo-mechanical activation: impact on enzymatic Hydrolysis and energy efficiency

Author

Mohamed Larzek, Cécilia Sambusiti, Essaïd Bilal, Abdellatif Barakat, Abderrahim Solhy, Patrice Buche, Charlotte Loustau-Cazalet, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Center for Advanced Materials, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Groupe OCP, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), R&D OCP, and OCP S.A.

Subjects
procédé mécanique, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, hydrolyse enzymatique, Lignocellulosic biomass, Biomass, Activation, 02 engineering and technology, Fractionation, procédé chimique, fractionnement, biomasse lignocellulosique, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Chemo-mechanical, coût énergétique, Enzymatic hydrolysis, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, écoprocédé, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, fractionation, Sugar, Effluent, Energy, 010405 organic chemistry, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, enzymatic hydrolysis, General Chemistry, pretreatment, Pulp and paper industry, 0104 chemical sciences, Solvent, 13. Climate action, Biofuel, biocarburant, biofuel, prétraitement, Sugars
Abstract

Lignocellulose fractionation to chemicals and biofuels often requires severe conditions and consume high energy. Although some of these pretreatment processes are nowadays developed at pilot scale, they are not always cost effective, and they are responsible for environmental impacts. Recently, mechanocatalysis pretreatment emerged as a promising technology for the activation and deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. In particular, these dry processes have the potential to limit the use of solvent and the production of liquid effluents. In this study, we propose an innovative one-pot eco-friendly approach based on the combination of dry chemical and vibro-ball-milling (VBM) for biomass activation, coupled to enzymatic conversion without an external source of heating, and without the assistance of any organic solvent. NaOH activation coupling to VBM fractionation for 10, 30, and 60 min was compared to H3PO4, H2O2, betaine, and betaine-Cl activation. NaOH-VBM-10 min appears more effective in sugar production compared to other chemical-mechanical activation. NaOH-VBM in 10 min consumed less energy, resulting in higher energy efficiency compared to that of other chemical-mechanical activation. Therefore, NaOH-VBM-10 min appears the most suitable and interesting pretreatment for the production of sugars and biofuels from corn stover biomass.

Published
2016
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10. Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and low free fatty acid waste cooking oil using a cesium modified natural phosphate catalyst.

Author

Rezki B, Essamlali Y, Aadil M, Semlal N, and Zahouily M

Abstract

The present study focuses on the catalytic activity of cesium modified natural phosphate in biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and low free fatty acids (FFA) used in cooking oil. The catalyst was prepared by impregnation of cesium chloride (CsCl) on the natural phosphate followed by calcination up to 800 °C. The phosphate based catalyst was thermally, structurally, morphologically, and texturally characterized in order to determinate the relationship between its physicochemical properties and its catalytic activity. The chosen catalyst was demonstrated to be an active catalyst for the transesterification of rapeseed oil achieving a biodiesel yield of 99.55% under suitable reaction conditions: a methanol to oil molar ratio of 12 : 1, reaction temperature of 70 °C, catalyst amount of 4 wt% based on oil weight and reaction time of 6 h. Results from low FFA waste cooking oil transesterification indicated that a methyl esters yield of 99.52% could be obtained. Furthermore, results from esterification/transesterification of acidified rapeseed oil indicate that a yield of 93% may be obtained, thus giving rise to a potential application in 2 nd generation biodiesel production from low acidic oils. Some important physicochemical properties of the obtained biodiesel were evaluated and compared with the EN14214 and ASTM D-6751 standards for biodiesel specifications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Published
2020
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11. Mild microwaves, ultrasonic and alkaline pretreatments for improving methane production: Impact on biochemical and structural properties of olive pomace.

Author

Elalami D, Carrere H, Abdelouahdi K, Garcia-Bernet D, Peydecastaing J, Vaca-Medina G, Oukarroum A, Zeroual Y, and Barakat A

Subjects
Anaerobiosis, Lignin, Methane, Ultrasonics, Microwaves, Olea
Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effects of microwaves, ultrasonic and alkaline pretreatments on olive pomace properties and its biomethane potential. Alkaline pretreatment was found to reduce lipid and fiber contents (especially lignin) and to increase soluble matter. The alkali pretreatment at a dose of 8% (w/w TS) under 25 °C and for 1 day removed 96% of initial lipids from the solid olive pomace. Unlike NaOH addition, mild microwaves and ultrasonic pretreatments had no impact on lignin. However, in the case of long microwaves pretreatment (450 W-10 min), cellulose and lignin contents were reduced by 50% and 26% respectively. Similarly, the combination of ultrasonic and alkali reagent showed a positive effect on fiber degradation and lipid solubilization as well as a positive impact on methane production. Statistical analysis highlighted the correlation between NaOH dose, solubilization and methane production. The alkaline pretreatment at ambient temperature appeared the most energetically efficient., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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