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Improving population health requires the commitment of a multitude of community partners, including employers. Since 2008, successive economic crises have reduced the national health system's capacity to meet the needs of its citizens in Italy. ENI is an Italian oil company employing over 31,000 people in nearly 62 countries. In the Italian community of ENI, there are about 20,000 employees. Between 2022 and 2023, ENI made relevant services and goods available for each employee. This work aims to identify a framework to measure the culture of health in ENI. It is the first step in developing an in-depth analysis of the culture of health in ENI, which will be the subject of in-depth studies after this work. Today, promoting health cannot be the sole purpose of public healthcare systems in Western contexts. Italy is an emblematic context of these phenomena. The development of the corporate welfare case in ENI is an opportunity to reflect on the evolution of private expenditure concerning the interventions promoted by a multinational oil and gas company such as ENI towards its employees. In all this, the culture of health represents a valid approach to the design and the evolution of corporate welfare models over time. The idea of the culture of health is an essential framework that can support why companies must work towards complementarity in providing services and interdependence with public health systems. By incorporating strategies such as inclusive health education, community engagement and partnering with public health systems to address social determinants of health, companies can contribute to building a culture of health rooted in equity, providing employees with the resources and support needed for a better and more equitable life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract As climate issues gradually attract public attention worldwide, the operation of crude oil pipelines has been attached with new emission‐reduction targets. Though previous studies concerning life cycle assessment (LCA) of oil and gas pipelines have estimated the carbon footprint to some extent, there is a lack of research on life cycle carbon emissions that take the process of crude oil pipelines transportation. the main objective of this study is to build a comprehensive LCA model of carbon footprint for crude oil pipeline systems. A gate‐to‐gate analysis is provided for the LCA model, which means that the entire pipeline's life cycle from the extraction to disposal is considered. The LCA approach used both midpoint and endpoint impact assessment methods to evaluate the environmental impacts of crude oil pipeline transportation in Iran. The study analyzed the major environmental impact categories, such as greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, water usage, and solid waste generation. The results showed that the crude oil pipelines transportation has significant environmental impacts in Iran. The three highest impacts on the midpoint scale are marine ecotoxicity by 61.54 kg 1,4‐DCB, terrestrial ecotoxicity by 52.26 kg 1,4‐DCB and fossil resource scarcity by 40.22 kg oil eq. The endpoint impacts of three stations were also compared. The Chamran, Abadan and Zanganeh stations have 95.44%, 94.22%, and 6% impacts on human health, respectively. Also, Abadan station has the largest amount of damage to ecosystems and resources with 96.65% and 80.02%, respectively. The findings of this study could be used by policymakers, oil companies, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions and implement strategies to reduce the environmental impact of oil transportation in Iran.

As climate issues gradually attract public attention worldwide, the operation of crude oil pipelines has been attached with new emission‐reduction targets. Though previous studies concerning life cycle assessment (LCA) of oil and gas pipelines have estimated the carbon footprint to some extent, there is a lack of research on life cycle carbon emissions that take the process of crude oil pipelines transportation. the main objective of this study is to build a comprehensive LCA model of carbon footprint for crude oil pipeline systems. A gate‐to‐gate analysis is provided for the LCA model, which means that the entire pipeline's life cycle from the extraction to disposal is considered. The LCA approach used both midpoint and endpoint impact assessment methods to evaluate the environmental impacts of crude oil pipeline transportation in Iran. The study analyzed the major environmental impact categories, such as greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, water usage, and solid waste generation. The results showed that the crude oil pipelines transportation has significant environmental impacts in Iran. The three highest impacts on the midpoint scale are marine ecotoxicity by 61.54 kg 1,4‐DCB, terrestrial ecotoxicity by 52.26 kg 1,4‐DCB and fossil resource scarcity by 40.22 kg oil eq. The endpoint impacts of three stations were also compared. The Chamran, Abadan and Zanganeh stations have 95.44%, 94.22%, and 6% impacts on human health, respectively. Also, Abadan station has the largest amount of damage to ecosystems and resources with 96.65% and 80.02%, respectively. The findings of this study could be used by policymakers, oil companies, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions and implement strategies to reduce the environmental impact of oil transportation in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research has been conducted to design a model to create a suitable platform for the preservation and maintenance of human capital and increase the productivity of the organization in the central building of Iran Oil Company. The statistical population of this research consists of two groups, the first group includes experts who are familiar with the theories of human capital preservation and organizational productivity, whose number is unknown and are scattered throughout the country, and their selection was selective and in This research has been used in the design part of the model according to them, the second group included all the employees of the central building of Iran Oil Company (582 people), according to Cochran’s formula, 232 of them were selected as a sample. To collect data, questionnaires on human capital maintenance and organization productivity were used. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the maintenance of human capital and the productivity of the organization in the central building of Iran Oil Company. There is a significant relationship between individual factors, organizational factors, managerial factors, and job factors with organizational productivity in the central building of Iran Oil Company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT The article analyzes Pemex’s investment policy for the period 1980-2019, based on the management of other oil companies. The central question is whether in the last four decades, it has been convenient for Pemex to be specialized in oil extraction, while other companies focused on the comprehensive development of the supply chain. The answer is negative. The sale of crude oil and the abandonment of refining made Mexico a net importer of fuels, a trend, which, today, is seeking to be reversed, in an environment of a high fiscal burden and high indebtedness of the company.

The article analyzes Pemex's investment policy for the period 1980-2019, based on the management of other oil companies. The central question is whether in the last four decades, it has been convenient for Pemex to be specialized in oil extraction, while other companies focused on the comprehensive development of the supply chain. The answer is negative. The sale of crude oil and the abandonment of refining made Mexico a net importer of fuels, a trend, which, today, is seeking to be reversed, in an environment of a high fiscal burden and high indebtedness of the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended AbstractAbstract Job crafting is a deconstructive concept that transcends the traditional view of human resource knowledge about job design. It is process through which employees play an active role in how their work is transformed. The objective of the present study is to design an interpretive structural model of job crafting. After identifying the preconditions for job crafting and including them in the semi-closed questionnaire, the questionnaire was distributed among 18 heads of units and experts of the National Oil Company of Kerman Province who were identified through conceptual sampling and snowballs. The data were analyzed through MATLAB 9 and Mick Mac 2 software. Finally, 16 variables at 8 levels, including entrepreneurial orientation, self-efficacy and social skills, job motivation, job independence, job security and organizational identity, job position and perceived organizational support, psychological capital, transformational leadership, servant leadership, employee leadership, leadership empowerment, two-way leadership, dynamic personality, were identified as preconditions for job crafting.IntroductionIn the recent past, a person's relationship with his job was analyzed based on job design theories. The prevailing perception is that employees perform their duties according to the managers' definition of the job, and employees in similar jobs perform their duties in the same way and do not play an active role in how their jobs are transformed. So far, no complete research has been done on the preconditions of job crafting and how it is formed in the employees of the organizations. Case study National Company for Distribution of Petroleum Products in Kerman ProvinceMaterials and Methods This research is applied in terms of research orientation, descriptive in terms of purpose, and mixed in terms of research philosophy. To select the team of experts—since the purpose of generalizing the results was not mentioned—purposeful sampling method was used. The criteria for selecting experts were theoretical mastery, practical experience, willingness and ability to participate in research and access. Considering these criteria and also achieving theoretical saturation in the data coding process, eventually the number of experts with whose cooperation the research process was conducted, reached 18 people. Data collection was obtained through library studies, review of documents, in-depth interviews and questionnaires. The data were also analyzed by MATLAB 9 software and Mick Mac 2 analysisDiscussion and ResultsIn this study, 8 levels were introduced as preconditions for job crafting: the first level of entrepreneurial orientation, the second level of self-efficacy and social skills, the third level of job enthusiasm, the fourth level of job independence, job security and organizational identity, the fifth level of job position and organizational support Perceived, the sixth level of psychological capital, the seventh level of transformational leadership, servant leadership, employee-centered leadership, empowered leadership and mutual leadership, the eighth level of dynamic personality were identified as the preconditions of job crafting. Based on the research results, job creation preconditions are divided into individual and organizational factors and job factors and form demand. Motivations such as improving job performance, improving skills, as well as adapting work to other aspects of life, seem to be much more real and related to performance, and are more important than the psychological motivation found in previous research.Another important personality finding is that job characteristics and work environment play an important role in job crafting. In other words, job crafting is not only due to personal desire to improve one's job, sometimes unfavorable working conditions such as conflict, role overload and ... causes a person to have a job crafting, which is stated that the mismatch between the job and the employee causes the job crafting. In this study, like other studies that refer to organizational and contextual factors affecting job crafting, motivational and psychological drivers and organizational factors affecting job crafting are mentioned. In addition, these organizational and contextual factors are considered as the most important prerequisite for employees' active behavior for job crafting. Because these conditions and organizational factors can be the most important motivation for employees to monitor their surroundings and find job crafting opportunities. A very important achievement of the present study, which can be a breakthrough in the process of job recruitment analysis, is to pay attention to the individual and personality traits of individuals in the job recruitment process, which can help us understand why the results of job crafting in some Positive cases and in some cases negative. If reinforcing personality factors such as social skills, self-efficacy are consistent with job crafting, job crafting will have positive results, and if inhibitory personality factors such as weak personal abilities are associated with the job crafting process, job crafting will not have positive results.ConclusionIn this study, 16 variables in 8 levels, including the first level: entrepreneurial orientation, the second level: self-efficacy and social skills, the third level: job motivation, the fourth level: job independence, job security and organizational identity, the fifth level: job position and perceived organizational support, Level 6: Psychological Capital, Level 7: Transformational Leadership, Servant Leadership, Employee Leadership, Empowering Leadership, Two-Powerful Leadership Level 8: Dynamic personality were identified as a precondition for job crafting and then the final model was drawn.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between Total Quality Management (TQM) success factors implementation and the employees' job performance of an oil company located in the province of Batangas, Philippines in order to propose TQM strategies that could further sustain the implementation of the practices. The 100 employees selected through purposive sampling are the participants of the study. The validated questionnaire was administered through electronic data surveying. Data were statistically treated with the techniques used such as measure of central tendency to determine the participants' demographic profile, assessment of the TQM success factors and the effect of TQM to the employees' job performance, and Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between the implementation of TQM success factors and employee job performance. The results indicated that employees strongly agree that all the eight success factors of TQM are visibly implemented in the company. Among the eight success factors, it is training and development, quality culture and customer focus which garnered the highest ratings. For the effect of TQM in the job performance, it was revealed that the employees consider the TQM implementation with respect to doing their excellent performance in their jobs. Lastly, there is a significant relationship between the implementation of TQM success factors and employee job performance. This findings give an implication that oil companies may consider the full implementation and decide on proper application of the success factors to their organization as these are significantly affecting the job performance of the employees. Thus, the proposed TQM strategies can be of help in the sustaining the implementation of TQM practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Job crafting is a deconstructive concept that transcends the traditional view of human resource knowledge about job design. It is process through which employees play an active role in how their work is transformed. The objective of the present study is to design an interpretive structural model of job crafting. After identifying the preconditions for job crafting and including them in the semi-closed questionnaire, the questionnaire was distributed among 18 heads of units and experts of the National Oil Company of Kerman Province who were identified through conceptual sampling and snowballs. The data were analyzed through MATLAB 9 and Mick Mac 2 software. Finally, 16 variables at 8 levels, including entrepreneurial orientation, self-efficacy and social skills, job motivation, job independence, job security and organizational identity, job position and perceived organizational support, psychological capital, transformational leadership, servant leadership, employee leadership, leadership empowerment, two-way leadership, dynamic personality, were identified as preconditions for job crafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study is due to the monopolization of the markets for goods and services by transnational digital companies.The object of the study is the finances of the two world’s largest digital and oil companies — Meta Platforms Inc. and Saudi Arabian Oil Company.The subject of the study is economic relations in the functioning and regulation of the economic behavior of traditional and digital companies in the context of the digital transformation of existing markets and the creation of new markets for digital goods.The purpose of the study is to identify the features of development and patterns of functioning of the system of financial resources of digital companies. The methodological base of the study is based on the financial analysis of a digital and oil company, including a comparative analysis of market capitalization, financial results and balance sheets (revenue, net income, assets, liabilities), financial condition, liquidity, profitability, and a comprehensive assessment of performance. It has been established that five manufacturers of digital goods by capitalization in 2020–2022 were among the 12 world leaders and significantly strengthened their positions against the backdrop of traditional business during the pandemic. The size of the largest oil company in 2014–2020 was more significant than that of a digital company, but the gap in dynamics decreased from 7 times in 2017 to 3 times in 2020. At the same time, the liquidity of the balance sheet of a digital organization is 4–7 times higher than that of an oil company, the financial condition is absolutely stable, and independence from external creditors is the highest. The oil company’s cost-effectiveness indicators are still higher, as the digital one invests in network development and attracting new users. However, in dynamics, the oil company’s profitability has halved over the past four years.The author comes to the conclusion that in the medium term, a digital company is projected to outperform an oil company in terms of size and efficiency. For the first time in international and domestic science, it is proposed to increase normative values of liquidity and financial stability indicators of a digital company by 4–7 times higher compared to traditional organizations, which determines the scientific novelty of the study.

United States is the founder of modern oil industry, which promoted the development of oil and gas in the world. By means of global layout of American oil companies, United States supercharges the backyard of North America while covets the forecourt of South America. United States realizes energy independence and opens energy hegemony during 70 years after World War II. On basis of reviewing the development history of American oil industry, this study analyzes the role of transnational oil and gas exploration, and development of Chinese national oil companies in ensuring national energy security. On the one hand, the entitlement oil and gas of overseas projects are operated back to China to secure national energy supply by international market, Chinese national oil companies shoulder the responsibility of making use of two markets and two resources. On the other hand, the foundation of upstream resources along China's strategic oil and gas corridors is consolidated by international oil and gas cooperation, Chinese national oil companies become the main force of propping up "Belt and Road" national initiative. China's oil and gas external dependence degrees are effectively reduced. In the context of profound changes unseen in centuries and the 21st century pandemic, aimed at the various challenges such as complexity and changes of global geopolitics, energy transition under China's "dual carbon goals" and all-round game between China and the United States, the related enlightenments and suggestions are put forward, which provide the references for "going out" of Chinese oil companies, sharing global oil and gas resources, and ensuring national energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: This paper studies the impact of a new so-called green factor on the capitalization of petroleum companies, which is becoming highly relevant in view of the signing of the Paris agreements in 2015 and the support for clean energy. Although society, international organizations, and government authorities encourage companies to reduce their environmental impact, one of the main reasons for responsible behavior is still economic efficiency. The oil industry, on the one hand, faces one of the most volatile markets and, on the other hand, has one of the largest environmental impacts of any industry. That requires a detailed study of interconnections between market capitalization and the green factor. Purpose of the article: A comprehensive study of factors affecting the level of capitalization of oil and gas companies in Russia and identification of the most significant among them with a special focus on the green factor. Methods: Econometric analysis of panel data for Russian petroleum companies. The database includes indicators for six major Russian oil companies from 2011 to 2018. The following groups of factors are analyzed to explain the change in the companies’ capitalization: macroeconomic (GDP and inflation in Russia), microeconomic (companies’ revenue, net profit, tax payment, return on assets, return on equity, ratio of borrowed capital to equity), industrial (oil export, refining, production and proven reserves of the companies), and the green factor. Findings & Value added: The selection of factors showed that the size of capitalization has been influenced most significantly by the following: the volume of the company's proven reserves, net profit, tax burden, and the green factor based on the policy of minimizing environmental damage. This result shows that investors consider companies with high environmental performance to be more valuable than companies with similar financial results but lower environmental ratings.

The competition of oil and gas industry in Indonesia is very tight. To get survive from the competition; the company has to develop their technology. PT. Pertaminan Retail is a large oil and gas company in Indonesia. This study analyzed the design of e-commerce business development models from PT. Pertamina Retail called MyPertamina. The method of the study is descriptive analysis and using business model canvas (BMC), the Delphi method, SWOT (Strengths, weakness, opportunities, & threats), and the Blue Ocean Strategy. The secondary data obtained from the literature study and the primary data was by interviewing six informants. The research period starts from November to December 2018. The results of mapping the initial business model that used BMC, showed several aspects such as: customer segments, value propositions, channels, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners, and costs structure. Environmental analysis used the Delphi method and the result was key trend value was 25.48%, industry strength was 25.19%, market strengths was 24.78%, and macroeconomic strengths was 24.55%. MyPertamina's internal environment influenced by product aspects, infrastructure management, customer interface, and financial aspect. The results of the SWOT analysis of nine BMC unsurts showed that the highest strength was the key partnership and the lowest strength was customer relationship. Meanwhile, the biggest opportunity was value proposition and the lowest opportunity was cost structure. The highest threat was customer segment, and the lowest threat was key partners. The business development model in this research focused on customer segment, key partnership, and value proposition, unsurts developed using the blue ocean strategy method.

The article analyzes the relationship between the assets of the oil industry and the industry organizational structure at the level of the producing regions. When considering assets in oil production, we focus on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the resource base, primarily on the volumes of recoverable reserves and their depletion. The analysis of the organizational structure of the industry is based on the estimates of the concentration levels of companies in oil production. The performed analysis allows to conclude that in most of the Russian Federation subjects, the organizational structure of the oil industry does not correspond to the assets. For example, in a number of regions, there is a high concentration of companies with a high depletion of reserves. This situation is largely determined by a weak development of small and medium-sized oil business. The development of the organizational structure should be connected with the reform of the institutional conditions in resource management. Currently, these conditions are formed at the federal level and are outside the scope of the regional authorities. Resource base, primarily in mature oil and gas regions, requires stimulating the development of small and mediumsized oil business including support from the regional authorities. The study of regional aspects of the organizational structure of oil production allows identifying the characteristics of certain regions, dependencies and drivers that are not visible when considering these issues at the country level. The obtained results can be used for the development of the system of state regulation in the oil and gas sector both at the federal and regional levels.

Copyright of Journals Eduction for Girls is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fatigue can affect work productivity. Based on data obtained from Oil Company Padalarang in 2013 had 16 fuel truck accidents, work fatigue factor ranks 4th (25%). This study aims to determine the factors associated with work fatigue in fuel truck drivers Oil Company in 2015. The research design used was analytic survey study with Cross Sectional research design. With the number of cases 60 respondents, sampling techniques using Quota Sampling. Data collection using reaction timer, questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate (Chi-Square) analysis. The results showed a description of work fatigue 61.7%, age at risk (≥40 years) 65.0%, abnormal nutritional status 45.0%, work period (≥5 years) 63.3% and heavy workload 38.3 %. It is known that there is a relationship between fatigue and age with P Value (0.002), work period with P Value (0.001), workload with P Value (0.018) and there is no relationship between work fatigue and nutritional status with P Value (0.936). It is recommended to provide a resting place for fuel truck drivers, making a policy to regulate the distance of fuel delivery between drivers who are old and young, do a health check before and after sending fuel and maintain a pattern of rest or sleep for fuel truck drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: This paper studies the impact of a new so-called green factor on the capitalization of petroleum companies, which is becoming highly relevant in view of the signing of the Paris agreements in 2015 and the support for clean energy. Although society, international organizations, and government authorities encourage companies to reduce their environmental impact, one of the main reasons for responsible behavior is still economic efficiency. The oil industry, on the one hand, faces one of the most volatile markets and, on the other hand, has one of the largest environmental impacts of any industry. That requires a detailed study of interconnections between market capitalization and the green factor. Purpose of the article: A comprehensive study of factors affecting the level of capitalization of oil and gas companies in Russia and identification of the most significant among them with a special focus on the green factor. Methods: Econometric analysis of panel data for Russian petroleum companies. The database includes indicators for six major Russian oil companies from 2011 to 2018. The following groups of factors are analyzed to explain the change in the companies' capitalization: macroeconomic (GDP and inflation in Russia), microeconomic (companies' revenue, net profit, tax payment, return on assets, return on equity, ratio of borrowed capital to equity), industrial (oil export, refining, production and proven reserves of the companies), and the green factor. Findings & Value added: The selection of factors showed that the size of capitalization has been influenced most significantly by the following: the volume of the company's proven reserves, net profit, tax burden, and the green factor based on the policy of minimizing environmental damage. This result shows that investors consider companies with high environmental performance to be more valuable than companies with similar financial results but lower environmental ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks for providing a model to explain the fosterage of the organizational leaders in Oil Company.to obtain the data according to the field of the study; the qualitative method of Data Base Theory was used. The data was gathered through interview with 21 middle and top managers and experts of Oil Company. By classifying concepts, subordinate and central categories, and finding a central category by using open, central, and optional coding method, categories forming the fosterage of organizational leaders in Oil Company and relationships between them appear in the format of a paradigm which included causal conditions (4 categories), the central category (3 categories), strategy (1 category), intervening factors (2 categories), context factors (4 categories), and consequences (1 category). In the research, the qualitative method was used in order to achieve a deep understanding of phenomenon under study. Therefore, to conduct the plan, in the first stage, to identifying a system for fostering organizational leaders in Oil Company, undetermined situation, different dimensions of the system were known by using the context theory-systematic plan and conducting interview based on the theoretical sampling.This research improvement a model to foster organizational leaders according to Data-Base Theory in Oil Company.

The advent of the knowledge society and the ubiquity of information and communication technologies summarize current developments in the business environment and express the theoretical and organizational challenges. Now, more managerial studies insist on the importance of knowledge management as the new approach for the development of work based knowledge. Precisely, this new discipline in construction can be apprehended by two approaches: a technological approach and a social approach, as it will be presented in the first part of this paper. In the second part, the presentation of the case of an oil company will help us to highlight, on the one hand, the limits of the technological approach to emerging practices of knowledge workers, and on the other hand, the major importance of aspects such as the sharing culture and trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four geologists (Dr. Ozawa, Mr. Nakamura, Mr. Yamanouchi and Dr. Ooinomikado) made a great contribution to the application of small foraminiferal fossils for petroleum exploration in Japanese oil companies at the early Showa era. A part of their achievements is briefly presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil and gas sector is key sector for the Russian economy. General socio-economic benefits from the development of oil and gas resources are largely dependent on the policies implemented by oil companies. Therefore, the most important task of the state is to create conditions that would ensure socially-oriented behavior of the oil companies. The main purpose of research is to develop recommendations for the establishment of these conditions with regard to oil production. The paper analyzes the current situation with the development of oil resources in Russia, the behavior of the oil companies in the sphere of subsoil use. The methodical approach to analyzing the behavior of companies with respect to the issues of development of oil fields in various conditions (rigidity of the state policy in the sphere of subsoil use) is provided. It has been shown that it is necessary a balanced combination of restrictive measures and mechanisms for financial and economic incentives. The findings may be used in the formation of the institutional environment in the sphere of subsoil use.

This paper examines how oil and gas companies’ reserves growth affects their share price returns. In particular we examine three issues affecting the relation between reserves changes and oil and gas firm returns. First, we examine if investors value reserves replacement as a result of exploration activities differently to reserves growth through acquisitions. In the second analysis, we test if reserves replacement of oil reserves impacts stock returns differently than changes in gas reserves do. Third, we examine the impact of the Shale gas revolution and the subsequent oil and gas price divergence on the association between returns and replacement of oil versus gas reserves. The results suggest that investors seem to be indifferent to reserves replacement strategy (exploration or acquisition). However, we find that changes in oil reserves impact oil and gas company returns differently than changes in gas reserves does. Moreover, we find that there has been a structural shift in the relation between returns and changes in gas reserves (but not changes in oil reserves) after 2008, coinciding with the Shale gas revolution and the break in the oil-gas price link. This latter result can be relevant for understanding the impact of the recent fall in oil prices on investor valuation of oil and gas reserves.

In this paper we investigate the relationships between oil company sales revenue as a primary financial indicator and industry specific and exogenous characteristics, using a data set from 2013 to 2017. In order to achieve this aim we applied multiple regression analysis. Our empirical analysis reveals that index of industrial production, export oil duty, costs of oil production showed a statistically significant positive impact on sales revenues. Results may be interpreted in the follow way. The positive correlation between sales revenue and costs of oil production may be explained that fact with increasing production output company costs of oil production rise too. The positive impact export oil duties on sales revenue is determined calculation method of payments. Positive coefficient of index of production indicates the nascent recovery of the real sector economy results in the increasing demand in downstream industries. Additionally, the values of future flows sales revenue in 2018-2019 were predicted. To conclude this study suggests to include the mineral extraction tax as explanatory variable that will allow estimate the effects of the tax maneuver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mr. Ichizo Omura is the first and most famous petroleum geologist among geologists working in Japanese oil companies at the Taisho to early Showa era. A part of his contribution to petroleum exploration and the spread of petroleum geology in Japan, and outlines of three technical journals which played the same role as Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology before its publication are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can indigenous communities in illiberal regimes benefit from oil production? This paper compares the experience of two indigenous peoples in the Russian Arctic, the Nenets and the Komi-Izhemtsi, in their quest for environmental protection and the development of benefit-sharing arrangements with Lukoil, a Russian oil company. The Nenets people, recognized by the Russian state as indigenous, are marginalized political actors who identified a route to receiving compensation for loss of land and damage to the environment as well as economic benefits under the auspices of Russian law and Lukoil's corporate policies. In contrast, the Komi-Izhemtsi, despite indigenous status in global institutions including the United Nations and the Arctic Council, are unrecognized as indigenous domestically and initially received no compensation. Their path to benefit sharing was more challenging as they partnered with local nongovernmental organizations and global environmentalists to pressure Lukoil to sign a benefit-sharing agreement. Ultimately, the comparison illustrates how transnational partnerships can empower indigenous people to gain benefits from natural resource exploitation even in illiberal political systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The development of every society and every country is up to the staff in the organizations. Nowadays, most of staff are accused of keeping cold shoulder to responsibilities. Companies producing chemical products, for example, dig their waste material on the environment. Others do not use recycled materials in order to decrease expenses. They may decrease the salaries in the least. Such companies have either positive or negative effects on the modern societies. This study is intended to investigate staff's responsibility and the affective factors in Kermanshah's Oil Company. These people can be logically affective when interconnecting with each other at high level. Studies show that those who can’t accept the internal process of organization well, they will not trust the organization (Walker, 2009: 50), and the individual responsibility will not be conveyed well (Pitts, 2010: 11), and people will not like their jobs (Mitus, 2006: 14), and will not follow their goals in the organization (Walker, 2009: 50). The negative results including disorder, leaving job, absence, and less functional as a whole, will lead to non-functional job in the organization. The socialized organization is an affective factor whose impact has been approved by experts. The socialized organization is a process by which a person learns values, orders, and behaviors that let him be a member of the organization in sharing issues (Pitts, 2010: 11). Experts have examined it from various aspects. Turner’s collective, social responsibility includes logical, friendly, and moral behavior in the job, market and society (Turner, 2004: 5). Memery et al. call it security and improvement in quality of life. (Memery et al, 2005: 399). Sherman et al. considers it as a moral behaviors for social organizations in a wider concept (Sherman et al, 1386: 39). Fredrick knows it as an application of sources for wider, social goals (Falck and Heblich, 2007: 247). Wentzel defines it as a respect for other’s rights, individual competition and moral development (Wentzel, 1991: 2). Mc Aulay knows it as an ability to respond to humans, including being content with responsibility, the group and self values (Mc Aulay, 1996: 225). Juscius and Snieska know it as a dialectical relationship between commerce and society and the roles to improve social relations (Juscius & Snieska, 2008: 35). Castka and Balzarova, consider it as moral responsibility for behaviors oriented towards improving people’s life and their families to improve society (Castka & Balzarova, 2007: 276). Ford also knows it as following social rules to provide people’s expectations (Ford, 1985: 325). Some scientists have also considered social responsibility as commercial sings (Klein & Dawar, 2004: 206), examination of stocks (Lichtenstin et al, 2004: 18), the recognition of customer based companies (Sen & Bhattacharya, 2001: 228), and the customer’s behaviors and their organizational views (Barone et al, 2000: 250). Having said all that, the general goal of this study is to examine the effect of socialized organ on staff’s social responsibility in Kermanshah Oil Company. Material and Method This Study is descriptive. The means of gathering data is interview and questionnaire. The statistical society is all staff of Kermanshah Oil organization, whose number was 1294 in 1391. Regarding the fact that Kermanshah Oil Company includes three branches: oil products, oil refinement, and pipe lines, the staff were also different: 365 individuals belonged to oil products, 225 staff belonged to pipe lines, and 704 belonged to refinery. Lin table has been used for choosing cases for the sample. Overall, 400 individuals were randomly selected to represent the whole research population. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The results show that socialized, instructional organization has a meaningful relationship with social responsibility, including its different dimensions as logical (r= 0.32), economic r= 0.23, moral (r = 0.22), and friendly (r= 0.23). The results also show that the socialized, convenient organization has a meaningful relationship with social responsibility in logical aspect r= 0.105, economic r= 0.064, moral r= 0.201, and friendly r= 0.184. The results show that the socialized, supporting organization has a meaningful relationship with social responsibility in logical r= 0.315, economic r= 0.064, moral r= 0.178, and friendly r= 0.278, aspects. The results also show that the socialized organization of future view has a meaningful relationship with social responsibility in logical r= 0.199, economic r= 0.150, moral r= 0.042, and friendly r= 0.094 aspects. These results are aligned with studies of Lovhoren (2009) Pites (2010), Mitus (2006) and others. In conclusion, we need to think and to move in order to plan and to provide for social principles of organizations in different aspects. Every organization should trust the goals, system of values, economic conditions, and socio-cultural values. On the other hand, every organization should consider that good function has positive effects on others. Social responsibility should be voluntary, it could be a program to overcome corruption in the society.

The following article presents the historical basis of Corporate Social Responsibility and the most common definitions of it. Another part of the article presents the fuel company and the bank with the description of its main activities in the area of CSR.

While you refuel for gas, why not refuel for information or upload vehicle data, using a cheap wireless technology as WiFi? This paper analyzes in extensive detail the user segmentation by vehicle usage, service offering, and full business models from WiFi hot spot services delivered to and from vehicles (private, professional, public) around gas stations. Are also analyzed the parties which play a role in such services: authorization, provisioning and delivery, with all the dependencies modelled by attributed digraphs. Account is made of WiFi base station technical capabilities and costs. Five year financial models (CAPEX, OPEX), and data pertain to two possible service suppliers: multi-service oil companies, and mobile service operators (or MVNOs). Model optimization on the return-on-investment (R.O.I.) is carried out for different deployment scenarios, geographical coverage assumptions, as well as tariff structures. Comparison is also being made with public GPRS and 3G data services, as precursors to HSPA/LTE, and the effect of WiFi roaming is analyzed. Regulatory implications, including those dealing with public safety, are addressed. Analysis shows that due to manpower costs and marketing costs, suitable R.O.I. will not be achieved unless externalities are accounted for and innovative tariff structures are introduced. Open issues and further research are outlined. Further work is currently carried out with automotive electronics sector, wireless systems providers, wireless terminals platform suppliers, and vehicle manufacturers. Future relevance of this work is also discussed for the emerging electrical reloading grids for electrical vehicles.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the pressures to adhere to sustainability practices in an oil company in Sudan and its response to these pressures. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative case study research was conducted through interviews with the case company’s managers and various external stakeholders. The interviews were complemented by several informal conversations, observations and documentary materials. Findings – There were external and internal pressures exerted on the company to adopt sustainability practices. However, the coercive pressures did not necessarily bring about a real change in the organisation. The forces of change were mainly the foreign partner’s audit pressure and the non-governmental organisation (NGO) allegations, which were given serious attention, due to the importance of reputation as an asset to the company. Practical implications – Clear regulatory frameworks, more direct engagement with NGOs and meeting the expectations of the local communities were considered as crucial factors to ensure there is a pathway for sustainability in the oil and gas industry of developing countries. Originality/value – Most previous studies on the motivation for corporate sustainability practices focussed on external pressures. This study examined the specific types of stakeholders’ group, among the internal and external stakeholders, that has most influence on the organisation’s sustainability practices, in the context of a developing country with weak regulatory governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to identify the characteristics that a crisis unit should have to achieve effective learning after crisis. Literature has identified many relations between learning organizations and crisis; yet, there is a dearth of research on specific studies about crisis units and their post-crisis learning features. Thus, this paper aims to fill such a gap by giving some practical answers to this question: How can the crisis unit reduce defensiveness phase and extend openness and forgetfulness while learning after the crisis? Design/methodology/approach – This research mobilizes a framework composed by three theoretical grids: the post-crisis learning cycle (Kovoor-Misra and Nathan, 2000); the characteristics of a learning organization (Senge, 1990); and the mechanisms of crisis learning (Mitki and Herstein, 2011). A qualitative investigation is conducted to study a crisis within an oil company (PON). Findings – This paper shows that the duration of the learning cycle depends not only on the organization context but also on the characteristics of the crisis unit. Along with the cognitive, structural and procedural mechanisms, which contributed differently in each phase, the mixed framework allowed operationalizing Senge’s dimensions. Research limitations/implications – The elaboration of a single case study could be considered as a limitation, although it allows a deeper analysis of events within the organization. Practical implications – This paper pinpoints the characteristics that organizations should have as well as the learning mechanisms they should use during each phase of the post-crisis learning cycle. Originality/value – This paper analyzes crisis units as learning structures, which has not been seen yet in known literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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