110 results on '"OLYMPIC National Park (Wash.)"'
Search Results
2. DIET COMPOSITON OF FISHERS (PEKANIA PENNANTI) REINTRODUCED ON THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA, WASHINGTON.
- Author
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Happe, Patricia J, Pace, Shelby H, Prugh, Laura R, Jenkins, Kurt J, Lewis, Jeffrey C, and Hagar, Joan
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GASTROINTESTINAL contents , *CONIFEROUS forests , *LAND management , *PREY availability , *FORAGING behavior , *FOOD habits , *FORAGE - Abstract
Knowledge of diet composition can inform management strategies and efforts to recover endangered carnivore populations in vacant portions of their historic ranges. One such species, the Fisher (Pekania pennanti), was extirpated in Washington State prior to any formal documentation of its food habits in the coastal coniferous forests of western Washington. Fisher recovery efforts in Washington, based on translocating Fishers from extant populations, have been ongoing since 2008, beginning with the release of 90 Fishers on Washington's Olympic Peninsula from 2008 to 2010. We collected fecal samples or digestive tracts from 13 Fishers opportunistically on the Olympic Peninsula from 2009 through 2013. Subsequently, we identified the species composition of each sample's contents to determine the primary foods consumed by the reintroduced Fishers. Fisher diets were diverse and dominated by mammalian prey. Contents of feces and digestive tracts of Fishers were composed primarily of Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus) remains, followed by lesser proportions of Mountain Beavers (Aplodontia rufa), Northern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus), Douglas Squirrels (Tamiasciurus douglasii), Southern Red-backed Voles (Myodes gapperi), shrews (Sorex spp.), and unidentified ungulate species. The diet of Fishers comprised species that occur across a wide range of land uses and management prescriptions, including previously logged forests and mature forests that have been set aside for retention of old-growth forest characteristics. Additional study of prey abundance and Fisher foraging behaviors related to structural habitat characteristics across a gradient of land uses would provide useful insights for enhancing the effectiveness of conservation efforts to benefit Fishers in Pacific Northwest coastal forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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3. "We Didn't Go Anywhere": Restoring Jamestown S'Klallam Presence, Combating Settler Colonial Amnesia, and Engaging with Non-Natives in Western Washington.
- Author
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Peck, Alexandra M.
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AMNESIA , *WILDERNESS areas , *ARSON , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *CULTURAL property , *NINETEENTH century - Abstract
On Washington's Olympic Peninsula, the Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe (JST) is implementing cultural heritage approaches to reclaim tribal histories threatened by nineteenth century settler colonial narratives of ethnic erasure. Exiled from their capital village of Qatáy in Port Townsend during the 1870s as a result of government-mandated arson and displacement, JST homelands also include Olympic National Park, popularly lauded as a pristine wilderness area. Emanating from the Tribe's previously unrecognized federal status, accusations of assimilation and extinction have simultaneously contributed to the non-Indigenous public's denial of JST existence. By restoring archaeological sites with modern significance and erecting counter-monuments to commemorate tribal leaders and events, the JST have embarked upon a journey of challenging their veiled history. Perhaps surprisingly, this resistance against historical amnesia has produced reconciliatory outcomes between the Tribe and non-Natives. Through a lens of resiliency and regeneration, this article documents one tribal nation's opposition to being consigned to the past, and their dedication to continued relevancy for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
4. America's Outdoor Laboratory.
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OHLSON, KRISTIN
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NATIONAL parks & reserves , *NATIONAL park conservation , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
The article highlights several research projects underway at national parks around the U.S., which include the Olympic National Park in Washington, Yosemite National Park in California, and Everglades National Park in Florida. Details on several projects, including dam removal, forests altered by fire, and restoration of the river of grass, are discussed. The research projects conducted within the parks aim to help conserve the ecosystems.
- Published
- 2016
5. A Clam Conundrum: Olympic National Park's razor clam population has been struggling for years. Is disease to blame?
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GOLDFARB, BEN
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CLAMS , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *RAZORS , *MARINE biodiversity , *BEACHES , *MARINE invertebrates , *KEYSTONE species - Abstract
In 2022, a group of scientists published a study showing that, while most Washington razor clams carry NIX, those at Kalaloch are infected with roughly 10 to 1,000 times more bacteria than clams elsewhere. Bumper crops of baby clams occasionally pockmarked the sand; in 2015, for instance, the Park Service estimated that a whopping 138 million young clams settled on Kalaloch. A Clam Conundrum: Olympic National Park's razor clam population has been struggling for years. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
6. DOMESTIC: Olympic National Park, Washington.
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G. A.
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NATIONAL parks & reserves , *ATTENTION span - Published
- 2024
7. Spontaneous and assisted restoration of vegetation on the bottom of a former water reservoir, the Elwha River, Olympic National Park, WA, U.S.A.
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Prach, Karel, Chenoweth, Joshua, and del Moral, Roger
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RESERVOIRS , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *LAKE sediments , *NATIVE plants , *GROUND vegetation cover , *VASCULAR plants - Abstract
Early seral vegetation was studied on a former lake bottom after the removal of the 64‐m‐tall Glines Canyon Dam on the Elwha River. In 2015, vegetation cover of all vascular plant species was determined in 63 plots located on sites that emerged in 2011–2012. The sites had been planted and/or seeded, or were permitted to revegetate spontaneously. The plots were further classified by substrate texture: coarse sediments on the valley bottom and fine ones on the valley slopes. Plots were located randomly along random transects perpendicular to the former lake shore that extended into coarse sediment terraces perched above the floodplain. Additionally, 32 plots were sampled in surrounding native forests near these transects. Data were analyzed by detrended correspondence analysis and by canonical correspondence analysis. Substrate texture, that is whether fine or coarse, appeared to explain most of the variability in vegetation. The distance to forest and successional age, that is time since the site had been drained, were also significant explanatory variables, while assisted restoration by planting and seeding appeared to be insignificant to date. Spontaneous succession on fine sediments led to a species composition approaching that of adjacent natural forests. Invasive species were much less abundant than expected. Spontaneous restoration of vegetation on fine sediments in drained lake bottoms can rapidly produce a desirable vegetation composition and structure. On coarse sediments, active restoration may be useful to accelerate the development of native vegetation communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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8. Phytoplankton responses to nitrogen enrichment in Pacific Northwest, USA Mountain Lakes.
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Williams, Jason, Beutel, Marc, Nurse, Andrea, Moore, Barry, Hampton, Stephanie, and Saros, Jasmine
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NITROGEN , *PHYTOPLANKTON , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *LAKES - Abstract
Limited information is available about threshold lake nitrogen concentrations necessary to stimulate phytoplankton species and biomass responses in remote nitrogen-limited mountain lakes. We conducted in situ enrichment bioassays in mountain lakes within Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks in Washington State, USA to characterize phytoplankton species and biomass responses to nitrogen enrichment, and associated dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration thresholds. Based on biomass and growth measurements, phytoplankton were nitrogen-limited or co-limited by nitrogen and phosphorus in the nine bioassay lakes. We identified 20 taxa that responded to nitrogen enrichment, and estimated response thresholds using nitrogen Monod half-saturation constants ( K) for 18 of these taxa. DIN thresholds in nitrogen-limited lakes were 13 μg N l for any increase in chlorophyll a, and 25 μg N l, for an increase beyond typical inter-annual chlorophyll a variation. K values ranged from 0.02 to 77 μg N l across most N-responsive taxa, and diatom K values were higher than those previously quantified in U.S. Rocky Mountain lakes. Approximately, 75% of sampled mountain lakes in the parks have summer dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations below biomass response thresholds. This finding suggests that phytoplankton in park mountain lakes are likely sensitive to future deposition-induced lake nitrogen enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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9. Farula klahhane sp. nov. (Trichoptera: Uenoidae) from Olympic National Park, Washington, U.S.A.
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Lee, Jonathan J.
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CADDISFLIES , *MALES , *FEMALES , *INSECT behavior , *INSECT morphology - Abstract
A description and diagnosis is given for the male and female of Farula klahhane sp. nov. Affi nities with its closest known relatives are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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10. Getting the goats.
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Wright, Karen
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MOUNTAIN goat - Abstract
Reports on the statement by park biologists in Washington State's Olympic National Park that the mountain goats that inhabit the peaks of the park are damaging the alpine ecosystems of the park. Efforts to eliminate goats; Criticisms by animal welfare groups against the efforts; Support for the plan by conservation groups.
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- 1996
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11. Isolation of wild yeasts from Olympic National Park and Moniliella megachiliensis ONP131 physiological characterization for beer fermentation.
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Araujo Piraine, Renan Eugênio, Nickens, David Gerald, Sun, David J., Leivas Leite, Fábio Pereira, and Bochman, Matthew L.
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FERMENTED beverages , *BEER , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *BEER industry , *FERMENTATION , *YEAST , *INDUSTRIAL capacity , *LACTIC acid - Abstract
Thousands of yeasts have the potential for industrial application, though many were initially considered contaminants in the beer industry. However, these organisms are currently considered important components in beers because they contribute new flavors. Non- Saccharomyces wild yeasts can be important tools in the development of new products, and the objective of this work was to obtain and characterize novel yeast isolates for their ability to produce beer. Wild yeasts were isolated from environmental samples from Olympic National Park and analyzed for their ability to ferment malt extract medium and beer wort. Six different strains were isolated, of which Moniliella megachiliensis ONP131 displayed the highest levels of attenuation during fermentations. We found that M. megachiliensis could be propagated in common yeast media, tolerated incubation temperatures of 37 °C and a pH of 2.5, and was able to grow in media containing maltose as the sole carbon source. Yeast cultivation was considerably impacted (p < 0.05) by lactic acid, ethanol, and high concentrations of maltose, but ONP131 was tolerant to high salinity and hop acid concentrations. This is one of the first physiological characterizations of M. megachiliensis , which has potential for the production of beer and other fermented beverages. • Yeast strains were isolated from environmental samples from Olympic National Park. • Moniliella megachiliensis was the most promising yeast after fermentation tests. • M. megachiliensis tolerates 37 °C, ethanol up to 6%, 5% NaCl, and metabolizes maltose. • High concentrations of α-acids from hops had no impact on M. megachiliensis growth. • M. megachiliensis is a novel yeast for beer production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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12. FEEDBACK.
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GOATS , *THEFT , *VINEYARDS , *THREE-dimensional printing , *PROSTHETICS , *HUMAN-animal relationships - Abstract
The article presents news stories submitted by readers of the journal. It states that U.S. forest rangers in Olympic National Park in Washington state plan on trapping goats and transport them by helicopter to nearby forests that have a more suitable habitat. It mentions the theft of a German vineyard's entire worth of grapes estimated to be worth 8,000 euros. It talks about the development of three-dimensional printed prosthetics for injured animals.
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- 2018
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13. Predicting Behavioral Intentions to Comply with Recommended Leave No Trace Practices.
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Vagias, Wade M., Powell, Robert B., Moore, D. Dewayne, and Wright, Brett A.
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HUMAN behavior , *INSTANT messaging , *COMMUNICATION in education - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) for predicting backcountry visitors’ behavioral intentions to comply with recommended Leave No Trace practices. Once confirmed, factors predictive of behavioral intentions can be used to inform the development of more effective persuasive communication strategies and educational messaging. Study participants were overnight backcountry visitors to either Olympic National Park, Washington, or Glacier National Park, Montana. The final model explained over 44% of the variance in the dependent variable, but significant predictors differed between the two parks. Discussion is provided as well as suggestions for those charged with disseminating Leave No Trace messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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14. SUNNY DAYS.
- Author
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Marech, Rona
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MOUNTAINS , *TRIBES , *ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
The author shares his experience visiting the Olympic National Park. The author says his goal was to hit each of the three ecosystems and drove to Hurricane Ridge, since it was an unusually clear morning high in the mountains. He explains how walking into the mountains that first morning was like jumping into an inviting, cold lake. The National Park Service, the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe and hundreds of volunteers have planted more than 260,000 plants in newly exposed land.
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- 2016
15. Governmental Immunity for Deadly Mountain Goat.
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Kozlowski, James C.
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MOUNTAIN goat , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *NEGLIGENCE , *ACCIDENTS , *ACTIONS & defenses (Law) ,UNITED States. Federal Tort Claims Act - Abstract
The article discusses the court case Chadd v. United States of America, National Park Service which deals with the death of Robert Boardman, the husband of plaintiff Susan Chadd who was killed by a mountain goat at the Olympic National Park. It mentions on the discretionary function exception under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) which gives immunity to National Park Service under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) on the alleged negligence in management of aggressive wildlife in the park.
- Published
- 2016
16. A new species in the Rhyacophila vagrita group (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from Olympic National Park, Washington, USA.
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LEE, JONATHAN J. and GIERSCH, J. JOSEPH
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RHYACOPHILA , *RHYACOPHILA appennina , *SPECIES - Abstract
Rhyacophila bifurcata sp. nov. is described from males collected in Olympic National Park, Washington. The new species is most similar to R. milnei Ross, 1950. A diagnosis and discussion of the R. vagrita group are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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17. Disproportionate predation on endemic marmots by invasive coyotes.
- Author
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WITCZUK, JULIA, PAGACZ, STANISLAW, and MILLS, L. SCOTT
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MARMOTS , *COYOTE , *BOBCAT , *GENETIC markers - Abstract
We investigated predation by nonnative coyotes (Canis latrans) on endemic Olympic marmots (Marmota olympus) in Olympic National Park, Washington, in 2005 and 2006. Although nearly the entire marmot range is protected within the park, declines and local extirpations of the species have been documented. Through analyses of carnivore scat across the range of the Olympic marmot we determined the distribution and relative density of coyotes and characterized the extent to which coyotes and native carnivores preyed on marmots. We used mitochondrial DNA analysis of scats to determine carnivore species, and microsatellite markers for individual coyote identification. Scat analysis indicated that invasive coyotes are widespread and the numerically dominant carnivore on sampled trails within the Olympic highlands-71% (301 of 426) of all scats verified to species arose from coyote. Out of all carnivore scats collected, 11.6% (111 of 958) contained marmot remains. For 85% of the samples with marmots, coyotes were confirmed as the predator. The remainder arose from bobcat (13%) and cougar (2%). Coyotes were the predominant marmot predator across all months and in most regions of the park. Twelve out of 13 coyote individuals identified with genetic markers preyed on marmots. Marmots ranked 5th in frequency of coyote diet items, after snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), mountain beavers (Aplodontia rufa), voles, and cervids. Scat analysis indicated that in the Olympic Mountains, the coyote as an invasive generalist predator is subsidized by abundant multiple prey, and appears to be the primary terrestrial predator on the endemic Olympic marmot. We conclude that predation by coyotes on marmots is widespread and substantial across the marmot's species range, and therefore likely driving observed marmot declines and extinctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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18. Ranking Mahalanobis Distance Models for Predictions of Occupancy From Presence-Only Data.
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Griffin, Suzanne C., Taper, Mark L., Hoffman, Roger, and Mills, L. Scott
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DISTANCE geometry , *STATISTICS , *HABITATS , *OLYMPIC marmot , *HABITAT conservation , *ANIMAL welfare - Abstract
The Mahalanobis distance statistic (D2) has emerged as an effective tool to identify suitable habitat from presence data alone, but there has been no mechanism to select among potential habitat covariates. We propose that the best combination of explanatory variables for a D2 model can be identified by ranking potential models based on the proportion of the entire study area that is classified as potentially suitable habitat given that a predetermined proportion of occupied locations are correctly classified. In effect, our approach seeks to minimize errors of commission, or maximize specificity, while holding the omission error rate constant. We used this approach to identify potentially suitable habitat for the Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus), a declining species endemic to Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. We compared models built with all combinations of 11 habitat variables. A 7-variable model identified 21,143 ha within the park as potentially suitable for marmots, correctly classifying 80% of occupied locations. Additional refinements to the 7-variable model (e.g., eliminating small patches) further reduced the predicted area to 18,579 ha with little reduction in predictive power. Although we sought a model that would allow field workers to find 80% of Olympic marmot locations, in fact, <3% of 376 occupied locations and <9% of abandoned locations were >100 m from habitat predicted by the final model, suggesting that >90% of occupied marmot habitat could be found by observant workers surveying predicted habitat. The model comparison procedure allowed us to identify the suite of covariates that maximized specificity of our model and, thus, limited the amount of less favorable habitat included in the final prediction area. We expect that by maximizing specificity of models built from presence-only data, our model comparison procedure will be useful to conservation practitioners planning reintroductions, searching for rare species, or identifying habitat for protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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19. Silence Like Scouring Sand.
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Moore, Kathleen Dean
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NATURE sounds , *RAIN forests , *SOUNDSCAPES (Auditory environment) - Abstract
The article explores the mission of Gordon Hempton of Olympic National Park to record the natural sounds of the world before they are drowned out by human noise in the rainforest along the Hoh River in Washington. It outlines the "One Square Inch of Silence" campaign established by Hempton, which aims to protect the silence of the national parks. Moreover, it mentions the widest diversity of soundscapes discovered by Hempton within the national park system.
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- 2009
20. Landscape genetic structure of coastal tailed frogs ( Ascaphus truei) in protected vs. managed forests.
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SPEAR, STEPHEN F. and STORFER, ANDREW
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HABITATS , *GENETICS , *AUTOREGRESSION (Statistics) - Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation are the leading causes of species’ declines and extinctions. A key component of studying population response to habitat alteration is to understand how fragmentation affects population connectivity in disturbed landscapes. We used landscape genetic analyses to determine how habitat fragmentation due to timber harvest affects genetic population connectivity of the coastal tailed frog ( Ascaphus truei), a forest-dwelling, stream-breeding amphibian. We compared rates of gene flow across old-growth (Olympic National Park) and logged landscapes (Olympic National Forest) and used spatial autoregression to estimate the effect of landscape variables on genetic structure. We detected higher overall genetic connectivity across the managed forest, although this was likely a historical signature of continuous forest before timber harvest began. Gene flow also occurred terrestrially, as connectivity was high across unconnected river basins. Autoregressive models demonstrated that closed forest and low solar radiation were correlated with increased gene flow. In addition, there was evidence for a temporal lag in the correlation of decreased gene flow with harvest, suggesting that the full genetic impact may not appear for several generations. Furthermore, we detected genetic evidence of population bottlenecks across the Olympic National Forest, including at sites that were within old-growth forest but surrounded by harvested patches. Collectively, this research suggests that absence of forest (whether due to natural or anthropogenic changes) is a key restrictor of genetic connectivity and that intact forested patches in the surrounding environment are necessary for continued gene flow and population connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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21. A double-observer method for reducing bias in faecal pellet surveys of forest ungulates.
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Jenkins, K. J. and Manly, B. F. J.
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FECES , *DEER , *UNGULATES , *FORESTS & forestry , *ANIMAL populations - Abstract
1. Faecal surveys are used widely to study variations in abundance and distribution of forest-dwelling mammals when direct enumeration is not feasible. The utility of faecal indices of abundance is limited, however, by observational bias and variation in faecal disappearance rates that obscure their relationship to population size. We developed methods to reduce variability in faecal surveys and improve reliability of faecal indices. 2. We used double-observer transect sampling to estimate observational bias of faecal surveys of Roosevelt elk Cervus elaphus roosevelti and Columbian black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus in Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. We also modelled differences in counts of faecal groups obtained from paired cleared and uncleared transect segments as a means to adjust standing crop faecal counts for a standard accumulation interval and to reduce bias resulting from variable decay rates. 3. Estimated detection probabilities of faecal groups ranged from < 0·2–1·0 depending upon the observer, whether the faecal group was from elk or deer, faecal group size, distance of the faecal group from the sampling transect, ground vegetation cover, and the interaction between faecal group size and distance from the transect. 4. Models of plot-clearing effects indicated that standing crop counts of deer faecal groups required 34% reduction on flat terrain and 53% reduction on sloping terrain to represent faeces accumulated over a standard 100-day interval, whereas counts of elk faecal groups required 0% and 46% reductions on flat and sloping terrain, respectively. 5. Synthesis and applications. Double-observer transect sampling provides a cost-effective means of reducing observational bias and variation in faecal decay rates that obscure the interpretation of faecal indices of large mammal abundance. Given the variation we observed in observational bias of faecal surveys and persistence of faeces, we emphasize the need for future researchers to account for these comparatively manageable sources of bias before comparing faecal indices spatially or temporally. Double-observer sampling methods are readily adaptable to study variations in faecal indices of large mammals at the scale of the large forest reserve, natural area, or other forested regions when direct estimation of populations is problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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22. The case of the missing marmots: Are metapopulation dynamics or range-wide declines responsible?
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Griffin, Suzanne C., Taper, Mark L., Hoffman, Roger, and Mills, L. Scott
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OLYMPIC marmot , *POPULATION dynamics , *HABITAT surveys , *ECOLOGICAL surveys , *BIOLOGICAL extinction , *SPATIO-temporal variation , *ANIMAL dispersal - Abstract
Abstract: In the mid-1990s, anecdotal reports of Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus) disappearances from historically occupied locations suggested that the species might be declining. Concern was heightened by the precipitous decline of the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis), coupled with reports that climate change was affecting other high-elevation species. However, it was unclear whether the Olympic marmot was declining or undergoing natural extinctions and recolonizations; distinguishing between normal metapopulation processes and population declines in naturally fragmented species can be difficult. From 2002–2006, we used multiple approaches to evaluate the population status of the Olympic marmot. We surveyed sites for which there were records indicating regular occupancy in the later half of the 20th century and we conducted range-wide surveys of open high-elevation habitat to establish current and recent distribution. We used these targeted and general habitat surveys to identify locations and regions that have undergone extinctions or colonizations in the past 1–4 decades. Simultaneously, we conducted detailed demographic studies, using marked and radio-tagged marmots, to estimate the observed and projected current population growth rate at nine locations. The habitat surveys indicate that local extinctions have been wide-spread, while no recolonizations were detected. Abundance at most intensive study sites declined from 2002–2006 and the demographic data indicate that these local declines are ongoing. Adult female survival in particular is considerably lower than it was historically. The spatial pattern of the extinctions is inconsistent with observed metapopulation dynamics in other marmot species and, together with very low observed dispersal rates, indicates that population is not at equilibrium. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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23. RIPARIAN FOREST STAND DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE QUEETS RIVER IN OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK, WASHINGTON.
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Van Pelt, Robert, O'Keefe, Thomas C., Latterell, Josh J., and Naiman, Robert J.
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RIPARIAN forests , *FORESTS & forestry , *ARABLE land , *SUPPRESSIVE soils , *PHYSICAL biochemistry , *VEGETATION management , *BOTANY - Abstract
A vegetation chronosequence spanning over 300 years was established in unconstrained reaches of the lower Queets River in Olympic National Park, Washington, USA, for an examination of riparian successional patterns. The Queets is an unconstrained, dynamic, mountain river located within a temperate rain forest environment. Ongoing channel movements create intricate patterns in the physical structure of the valley. Twenty-one plots containing a total of 4359 trees were mapped and measured for structural and crown characteristics. Snags, logs, and understory vegetation were also quantified. Recent alluvial deposits are colonized primarily by early-successional trees Salix sitchensis and Alnus rubra. Conifer seedlings, primarily Picea sitchensis, generally invade after the initial cohort of hardwood trees begins senescence: 20-30 years for Salix and 40-60 years for Alnus. Through accumulation of sediments from floods and channel downcutting, surfaces become perched above the reach of annual floods after 40-80 years and are then slowly colonized by late successional tree species Acer circinatum, Acer macrophyllum, and Tsuga heterophylla. Diverse, old-growth forests ultimately develop after 200-250 years, containing some of the largest known trees in the Pacific Northwest. However, canopy and stem densities remain lower than comparative Pseudotsuga menziesii forests from the nearby Cascade Mountains. Vast individual crowns can develop, with occasional Picea up to 25 m wide and 70 m deep. Individual stands may accumulate >200 000 m³/ha of canopy volume—among the highest recorded on earth. Mixed among the generalized successional sequence are variations created by uncommon channel movements. Avulsions followed by channel incision form cobblefields in abandoned channels or other surfaces which are isolated from subsequent inundation and sediment deposition. These cobblefields embark on a different successional trajectory, which often includes conifer seedlings present in the initial cohort. Ultimately, whatever the initial trajectory, soils become productive due to soil conditioning by Alnus and the decomposition of other plant material. These biophysical complexities, interconnected patterns, and system-scale resilience are summarized in a multiple-pathway successional model that may be applicable to floodplain riparian forests throughout much of the Pacific coastal ecoregion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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24. WILLIAM O. DOUGLAS S WILDERNESS POLITICS: PUBLIC PROTEST AND COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST.
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Sowards, Adam M.
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JUDGES , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *SOCIAL status , *SOCIAL networks - Abstract
Focuses on the efforts of U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas to secure wilderness protection in the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S. Utilization of his national standing and network of friends to promote an environmental agenda for the region; Overview of his book "Of Men and Mountains"; Background on the controversy in Olympic National Park in Washington.
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- 2006
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25. Differential Tree Colonization of Old Fields in a Temperate Rain Forest.
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Riege, Dennis A. and Del Moral, Roger
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RAIN forests , *HERBS , *PLANT species , *RED alder - Abstract
Most old fields in the Queers Valley of Olympic National Park, USA, remain dominated by exotic herbs 60 y after abandonment although the fields are surrounded by temperate rain forest. However, areas of some fields have been invaded by Picea sitchensis, one of three dominant forest species (with Alnus rubra and Tsuga heterophylla). This provided an opportunity to examine local variation of factors (competition, facilitation, cervid herbivory, soils) that influence tree colonization within a set of old fields, an approach rare in previous studies. Picea sapling invasion of field edges was negatively correlated with percent cover of Agrostis gigantea and positively correlated with Anthoxanthum odoratum. Potential indicators of competition (sod thickness, thatch thickness, percent ground cover) were correlated with Agrostis cover, Picea edge invasion was also correlated with soil organic matter. In experiments, seedlings of Picea and Tsuga emerged as readily in Agrostis as in Anthoxanthum or Pteridium aquilinum, but suffered higher mortality in Agrostis. Experimental seedling establishment was low and required reduction of competing vegetation. In experiments with transplanted seedlings, cervid herbivory suppressed growth of Tsuga and Alnus, but not Picea. Growth of Picea seedlings was facilitated by Pteridium. Differential tree colonization of the fields resulted from: (1) differential competition by invaded cover types against seedling establishment, (2) selective herbivory on tree species of established seedlings and (3) facilitation by fern cover of seedlings of an unbrowsed species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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26. Soil Respiration along Environmental Gradients in Olympic National Park.
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Kane, Evan S., Pregitzer, Kurt S., and Burton, Andrew J.
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- *
SOIL moisture measurement , *RAIN forests , *SOIL temperature , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
Although mountainous landscapes dominate large areas of the Earth, our understanding of how elevation and aspect influence soil respiration in complex mountainous terrain is very limited. Therefore, we measured soil respiration throughout the growing season in 1999 and 2000 at 11 forested sites in Olympic National Park, Washington, USA along elevation-climatic gradients. The study sites ranged from temperate rain forest to alpine forests near tree line. Soil temperature was a significant predictor of soil respiration at all sites, and soil moisture explained additional variability at three sites (R2 from 0.42 to 0.90, P ≤ 0.01). Soil temperatures at the highest-elevation sites were 4.5°C cooler than those at the lowest elevation, but there were no relationships between soil respiration rates at a given temperature and elevation or mean annual temperature that would indicate acclimation of soil respiration to the cooler temperatures at high-elevation sites. Experimental urea additions (1.0 and 2.0 g N m-2 y-1) made at seven of the sites had no consistent effect on soil respiration. Total soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux during the growing season (May–September) varied from 0.34 to 0.75 kg C/m2 and was greater at low-elevation site s wit h warmer soil temperatures and longer growing seasons. Elevation and the length of the frost-free season could both be used to predict growing season (r2 = 0.53) and annual (r2 = 0.81) soil CO2 efflux for the 10 sites located in sleep mountainous terrain. Significant correlations also existed with mean annual temperature. These results suggest that warmer soils and a longer snow-free season associated with climatic warming could cause the mountainous ecosystems of the Olympic peninsula to evolve increasing amounts of CO2 from all elevations and aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. GETTING HER GOAT.
- Author
-
BUSIEK, JULIA
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAIN goat - Abstract
A personal narrative of the author, a biological sciences technician, employed by the U.S. National Park Service to monitor and manage mountain goats in the Olympic high country, explores her experiences of their management as its population is mounting.
- Published
- 2014
28. PIRATES OF THE RAIN FOREST.
- Author
-
BLEAKNEY, GREGG
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL parks & reserves , *POACHING , *RAIN forests , *SALAL , *MOSSES , *FOREST products , *TIMBER - Abstract
The article focuses on the issue of poaching in the forests of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington. It states that several pillagers try to steal moss, salal, fir boughs and other temperate rainforest plants from the Olympic National Park of Washington and mentions about the threats faced by investigating officers from illegal traffickers in forest products trade. It informs that some landowners in the rain forest have deployed private contractors for controlling poachers and also discusses the harvesting and the trade of timber and forest products which take place at the Olympic Peninsula. It also mentions about the impact of poaching on the environmental and labor conditions of this region.
- Published
- 2012
29. LODGE.
- Subjects
- *
VOYAGES & travels - Abstract
The article evaluates several lodge trip services being offered in the U.S. in the year 2012 including, Spring in Appalachia service in North Carolina, Ridges, River, Rainforest, and Waves service in Olympic National Park, Washington, and Cape Cod Summer Sampler service in Massachusetts.
- Published
- 2012
30. DESTINATIONS.
- Author
-
DICKMAN, KYLE
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL parks & reserves - Abstract
The article reports on the adventure sports one can enjoy in several national parks. It offers information on the Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona and reports that the park is allowing 2,613 more mule rides this year. It offers information on the Parunuweap Canyon Wilderness located in the Zion National Park in Utah. It reports that July or August is the best time to visit Olympic National Park in Washington D.C. and the Crater Lake National Park in Oregon.
- Published
- 2011
31. Gunning for goats.
- Author
-
Luoma, Jon R.
- Subjects
- *
WILDLIFE depredation , *MOUNTAIN goat - Abstract
Reports on concerns over mountain goats' environmental impact on vegetation along the Olympic National Park, Washington state. Goats as threats to the rare and native plants in the park; Trampling, grazing and wallowing away habitat for a host of rare plant species; Status as ecological aliens; National Park Service's plans of shooting the goats; Conservationists' opposition; Arguments.
- Published
- 1993
32. The Listener's Yosemite.
- Author
-
HEMPTON, GORDON
- Subjects
- *
NATURE sounds recording & reproducing , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *RAIN forests - Abstract
The article discusses the author's opinions and experiences in Olympic National Park in Washington. For more than a decade, the author made home to the park, which started as pursuance of his career in nature sound-recording. The park is located at the northwest corner of the U.S., and features glacier-capped mountains, rainforest and seashore. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2009
33. A NORTHWEST PASSAGE.
- Author
-
SYKES, KAREN
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC use of national parks , *RAIN forests ,WASHINGTON (State) description & travel - Abstract
The article presents a description of Olympic National Park in Washington state and recommends activities for visitors. The Elwah River, the Hoh and Quinalt rain forests, and the park's sea coast are depicted in detail. The natural and human history of the park is recounted. Information on hiking and other activities is given. INSET: SIDETRIP: San Juan Island National Historical Park. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2007
34. Nature's Champion: OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK.
- Author
-
Mitchell, John G.
- Subjects
- *
FOREST reserves , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *RAIN forest ecology , *WESTERN redcedar , *PUBLIC lands , *MOSSES , *POACHERS , *NATIONAL parks & reserves - Abstract
Explores Olympic National Park in Washington State. Circumstance of nature and human restraint that have made the park what it is today; Accessible diversities in the park from ocean, rain forest and mountains; Establishment of the park as a nature preserve in 1897 by President Grover Cleveland; Tug-of-war between those who wanted to preserve the park and those who wanted to use its resources; Poachers who scalp the forest of its rare mosses, ferns and red cedar trees; Spotted owl wars in the history of the Pacific Northwest; Draft of plan describing how the National Park Service intends to manage Olympic National Park in the future.
- Published
- 2004
35. Seattle: Much More than a Cup of Coffee.
- Author
-
Williams, David
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL parks & reserves - Abstract
Features the national parks in Seattle, Washington. Mount Rainier National Park; Olympic National Park; San Juan Island National Historical Park.
- Published
- 2004
36. Finding Middle-earth.
- Author
-
Nelson, Andrew
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL parks & reserves - Abstract
Presents an article on the Olympic National Park in Washington. Landscape of the park; Life in the park; Type of wood that can be found in the park. INSET: OLYMPIC PENINSULA, WA.
- Published
- 2003
37. Enchanted Emerald.
- Author
-
Kelley, Tina
- Subjects
- OLYMPIC National Park (Wash.), OLYMPIC Peninsula (Wash.), WASHINGTON (State), UNITED States
- Abstract
Relates that the wettest spot in the contiguous United States, the western slopes of Mount Olympus get 240 inches of precipitations a year. Inclusion of Olympic National Park; Description of Washington's Olympic Peninsula; Trees, wildlife, plant and bird species that lived in the park. INSET: Being There: Olympic National Park.
- Published
- 1999
38. The mountain goat foments trouble in fragile paradise.
- Author
-
Bergman, Charles
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAIN goat , *PARKS - Abstract
Focuses on the problems caused by mountain goat grazing to the Olympic National Park. Description of the park; Introduction of mountain goats to the area; Impact of the goats to the park's ecological balance; Efforts of biologists to transfer mountain goats to another location; Search for humane ways of controlling the goats.
- Published
- 1984
39. An Olympic journey.
- Author
-
Waters, Tom
- Subjects
- OLYMPIC National Park (Wash.), WASHINGTON (State), UNITED States
- Abstract
Recounts a hike the author took in Olympic National Park, beginning near Heart of the Hills above Port Angeles, Washington. Formation of the Olympic Peninsula; Volcanic formations and Mount Olympus, 7,965 feet above sea level; Effects of the wind on vegetation; Basalt in the Little River Valley near Heather Pass; The Hoh Rain Forest, home of the Hall of Mosses.
- Published
- 1994
40. Life on the edge.
- Author
-
Turbak, Gary
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAIN goat , *OREAMNOS , *MOUNTAIN ecology , *GOATS - Abstract
Describes the acrobatics of the mountain goat. Description of mountain goat's physical characteristics; Habitats in Glacier National Park, Montana and North America; Population in Washington's Olympic National Park; Goat's plodding life style; Climbing ability; Characteristics of goat's feet; Kids' agility'; Predation by bald eagles; Quarrels among goats; Encroachment by people.
- Published
- 1991
41. The music of the woods.
- Author
-
Gantenbein, Douglas
- Subjects
- *
WOLVES , *WILDLIFE reintroduction - Abstract
States that a proposal to bring wolves back to the Olympic National Park in Washington State has gained considerable momentum. Reason for bringing wolves back; effects of wolves on the park's ecosystem; Opposition to the proposed reintroduction; Comments on the plan to return wolves to Olympic.
- Published
- 1998
42. On the horns of a dilemma.
- Author
-
Weingrod, Carmi
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAIN goat , *ANIMAL welfare - Abstract
Reports on the dilemma of managers of the Olympic National Park in Washington state about the elimination of mountain goats that destroy the park. Condition for management of land as a natural biological reserve; Erosion of soil from goats' habit of wallowing; Argument on threat of goats to plants by the Fund For Animals, an animal protection organization.
- Published
- 1994
43. A Mountainous Appetite.
- Author
-
Burger, Janis
- Subjects
- *
GOATS , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *MOUNTAIN animals - Abstract
Reports on the impact of mountain goats on the Olympic National Park. History on the introduction of mountain goats into the Olympic Range as game animals; Estimated goat population at the park and the adjoining Olympic National Forest; Characteristics of mountain goats.
- Published
- 1987
44. The call of the fall.
- Author
-
Maxwell, Jessica
- Subjects
- *
ROOSEVELT elk - Abstract
Focuses on the rainforest of the Olympic National Park in Washington state. Habitat of Roosevelt elks; Bugling of elks as a gesture of intimidation; Devastation of the Hoh Indian Reservation within the park by winter rains; Ban on timber harvest on state; Status of stream and wildlife protection.
- Published
- 1994
45. Raindrops keep fallin' on my hike.
- Author
-
Tangley, Laura
- Subjects
- *
RAIN forests - Abstract
Describes travel in the rain forest in Washington State's Olympic National Park. Rarity of such rain forests in the United States; Number of visitors to the park annually; Visit to the Hoh Rain Forest; Observations about trees there; The Quinault Rain Forest; Animals to be seen, including elk. INSET: Details, Details.
- Published
- 1999
46. Partnering with Your Park.
- Author
-
Waltner, Dusty
- Subjects
- *
LIBRARY conferences , *LIBRARIES - Abstract
The article discusses the "Partnering with Your Park" session presented by Noah Glaude of North Olympic Library System, Danielle Lepping of North Olympic Library System and Dean Butterworth of Olympic National Park during Washington Library Association conference on November 3, 2017. Topics include partnership of the North Olympic Library with Olympic National Park, Poetry Walks, an annual spring program featuring poems on signs along National Park trails and lessons through it.
- Published
- 2017
47. LIVING IN THE CLOUDS.
- Author
-
Brooks, Paul
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL parks & reserves , *FORESTS & forestry , *FOREST microclimatology - Abstract
The article discusses the Olympic National Park in Washington. The Olympic Peninsula, at the core of which lies the Park, has been fairly called America's last frontier. Warm, moisture-laden air drifting in from the Pacific rises and cools as it strikes the western slopes of the Olympic range. Spring comes late in the mountain meadows. At five thousand feet, snow lies on the northern slopes and the massed flowers reach their peak of bloom. Among the trees near timberline another struggle is apparent. It is not for light but for shelter. Groves of seedlings grow up in the protection of one old tree and there are several hundreds of trees in a single clump.
- Published
- 1956
48. Goats Go Home.
- Author
-
SHIPLEY, JONATHAN
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAIN goat , *INTRODUCED animals , *WILDLIFE conservation , *MOUNTAINS - Abstract
The article informs that mountain goats are being removed from the mountain range as part of an effort to rid the Olympic National Park of the nonnative ungulates that national park officials believe ruin park vegetation and pose a threat to visitors. It reports that Mountain goats are not native to the park, they have been taken out of Olympic and relocated to various sites in the Cascades.
- Published
- 2019
49. Pirates of the Rainforest.
- Author
-
Bleakney, Gregg
- Subjects
- *
RAIN forests , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *POACHING , *PLANT species - Abstract
The article presents a reprint of the article "Pirates of the rainforest" by Gregg Bleakney which appeared in the July/August 2012 issue of the "Sierra." It presents information on the Olympic National Park located in Washington State. It also discusses the deformities in the imposition of laws in the national park to minimize poaching which has led to decline of several plant species found only in the park habitat.
- Published
- 2013
50. Do It Yourself.
- Subjects
- *
HABITATS , *BIOTIC communities , *RESTORATION ecology , *PACIFIC salmon , *SPAWNING , *RIVERS , *NATIONAL parks & reserves - Abstract
Explores Olympic National Park. Three hikes that reveal Olympic's diverse habitats; Olympic National Park as one of the last undisturbed salmon habitats in the Pacific Northwest; Busting plant poachers; Restoring the Elwha River's ecosystem.
- Published
- 2004
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