80 results on '"OMD"'
Search Results
2. omd 基因对斑马鱼骨骼矿化的影响.
- Author
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王琪, 车金远, and 鲍宝龙
- Abstract
The omd gene encodes osteomodulin, which regulates mineralization in human bone. However, the effect of omd gene on bone mineralization in fish is still unclear. To explore the effect of omd gene on fish skeleton, we investigated the expression of omd gene in different developmental stages and different tissues of zebrafish. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, we constructed omd gene knockout zebrafish (omd-/-). The results showed that the expression of omd gene gradually increased with development in zebrafish, and the expression was higher in vertebral column and muscle. Compared with the wild-type zebrafish, no significant changes were found in bone morphology and tail muscle structure of omd-/-zebrafish, and the calcium content of the vertebral column was down-regulated by 59.81%. Compared with the wild type, the average swimming distance and swimming speed of omd-/-zebrafish decreased by 33.93% and 39.44%, respectively, while the relative stationary time increased by 88.26%, and the swimming ability decreased. These results suggest that the deletion of omd gene affects mineralization of the vertebral column of zebrafish and affects the mobility of zebrafish to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Intraoperative radiation therapy for brain metastasis in a pregnant patient: a case report
- Author
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Aninditha, K. P., Baumbach, S., Ellethy, T., Klumpp, G., Golle, A., Kuhn, S., Wegner, N., Ganslandt, O., and Münter, M. W.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
4. SOCIALIZATION OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD) DETECTION BY RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION.
- Author
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Susanto, Fani, Sapundani, Rum, and Basuki, Samudra Prihatin Hendra
- Abstract
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is acid reflux due to a condition when stomach acid rises from the stomach into the esophagus. One of the radiological examinations in detecting GERD is the Oesophagus Ulcer Duodenum (OMD) - an examination to detect disturbances in the stomach due to GERD with the help of radiographic equipment. Objective: This activity aims to increase public knowledge regarding GERD detection using OMD radiology examination. Method: This socialization activity provided counseling and lectures using posters about GERD to 21 Banteran Muhammadiyah branch cadres, then evaluated a pre-test and post-test questionnaire to determine the level of community knowledge regarding GERD and the success of the activity. Results: The results of the activity showed that on average each participant answered 4.33 versus 8.85 correctly from the questionnaire given before and after the delivery of the material and overall 100% of all participants experienced an increase in knowledge after being given socialization regarding GERD detection with OMD radiological examination. Conclusion: The outreach carried out can increase public knowledge about GERD and its detection through OMD radiology examinations thereby raising awareness of the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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5. Occult Macular Dystrophy: a case report and major review.
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Luoma-Overstreet, Gracia, Jewell, Ann, Brar, Vikram, and Couser, Natario
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MACULAR degeneration , *OCCULTISM , *OPTICAL coherence tomography , *RETINITIS pigmentosa , *VISION disorders , *PERIPHERAL vision - Abstract
Occult Macular Dystrophy (OMD), a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the retinitis pigmentosa 1-like protein 1 gene (RP1L1), is characterized by loss of central visual acuity in the absence of fundoscopic abnormalities. In patients suspected of having OMD based on unexplained central vision loss and/or photophobia, changes may be detected with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Subsequently, the diagnosis can be confirmed with genetic analysis. We report a case of an 18-year-old White male whose suspected diagnosis of OMD was confirmed by molecular testing. We conducted an extensive review of the literature of previously reported patients with OMD to date. A PubMed search of "RP1L1 and Occult Macular Dystrophy" revealed 34 papers. There were 225 individuals with genetically confirmed, symptomatic OMD; an additional 15 had a confirmed mutation but were asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. Our patient presented with a 10-year history of unexplained loss of central visual acuity and photophobia. Genetic analysis confirmed the presence of a p.R45W substitution on the RP1L1 gene, the most common pathologic mutation in OMD. Due to the lack of appreciable fundoscopic changes, correct identification of the disease can be difficult. Incomplete penetrance has been associated with the condition, and the age of onset is highly variable. Much of the research discussing OMD has come from Eastern Asia, but whether this is due to a heightened awareness and screening protocols, or increased incidence is unclear. Additional research and increased awareness globally will help with more timely and accurate diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. A recurrent ZP1 variant is responsible for oocyte maturation defect with degenerated oocytes in infertile females.
- Author
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Loeuillet, Corinne, Dhellemmes, Magali, Cazin, Caroline, Kherraf, Zine‐Eddine, Fourati Ben Mustapha, Selima, Zouari, Raoudha, Thierry‐Mieg, Nicolas, Arnoult, Christophe, and Ray, Pierre F.
- Abstract
A female factor is present in approximately 70% of couple infertility, often due to ovulatory disorders. In oocyte maturation defect (OMD), affected patients have a primary infertility with normal menstrual cycles but produce no oocyte, degenerated (atretic) or abnormal oocytes blocked at different stages of maturation. Four genes have so far been associated with OMD: PATL2, TUBB8, WEE2, and ZP1. In our initial study, 6 out of 23 OMD subjects were shown to carry the same PATL2 homozygous loss of function variant and one patient had a TUBB8 truncating variant. Here, we included four additional OMD patients and reanalyzed all 27 subjects. In addition to the seven patients with a previously identified defect, five carried the same deleterious homozygous ZP1 variant (c.1097G>A; p.Arg366Gln). All the oocytes from ZP1‐associated patients appeared shriveled and dark indicating that the abnormal ZP1 protein induced oocyte death and degeneration. Overall ZP1‐associated patients had degenerated or absent oocytes contrary to PATL2‐associated subjects who had immature oocytes blocked mainly at the germinal vesicle stage. In this cohort of North African OMD patients, whole exome sequencing permitted to diagnose 44% of the patients studied and to identify a new frequent ZP1 variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Oligometastasis in breast cancer—current status and treatment options from a radiation oncology perspective.
- Author
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Piroth, Marc D., Krug, David, Feyer, Petra, Baumann, René, Combs, Stephanie, Duma, Marciana-Nona, Dunst, Jürgen, Fastner, Gerd, Fietkau, Rainer, Guckenberger, Matthias, Haase, Wulf, Harms, Wolfgang, Hehr, Thomas, Sedlmayer, Felix, Souchon, Rainer, Strnad, V., and Budach, Wilfried
- Abstract
Evidence from a few small randomized trials and retrospective cohorts mostly including various tumor entities indicates a prolongation of disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) from local ablative therapies in oligometastatic disease (OMD). However, it is still unclear which patients benefit most from this approach. We give an overview of the several aspects of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in extracranial OMD in breast cancer from a radiation oncology perspective. A PubMed search referring to this was conducted. An attempt was made to relate the therapeutic efficacy of SBRT to various prognostic factors. Data from approximately 500 breast cancer patients treated with SBRT for OMD in mostly in small cohort studies have been published, consistently indicating high local tumor control rates and favorable progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Predictors for a good prognosis after SBRT are favorable biological subtype (hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative), solitary metastasis, bone-only metastasis, and long metastasis-free interval. However, definitive proof that SBRT in OMD breast cancer prolongs DFS or OS is lacking, since, with the exception of one small randomized trial (n = 22 in the SBRT arm), none of the cohort studies had an adequate control group. Further studies are needed to prove the benefit of SBRT in OMD breast cancer and to define adequate selection criteria. Currently, the use of local ablative SBRT should always be discussed in a multidisciplinary tumor board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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8. Research progress of RP1L1 gene in disease.
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Liu, Jiali, Hayden, Melvin R., and Yang, Ying
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MACULAR degeneration , *RETINITIS pigmentosa , *GENETIC disorders , *EYE diseases , *GENES , *TUMOR suppressor genes - Abstract
• RP1L1 gene is a candidate gene for hereditary eye diseases. • This article reviews the pathogenic mutations of photoreceptors associated with RP1L1 gene and some tumor diseases. • The mechanisms of RP1L1 gene is speculated, which provides some directions for RP1L1 gene in human disease occurrence. Retinitis pigmentosa 1-like 1 (RP1L1) is a component of photoreceptor cilia. Pathogenic variants in RP1L1 cause photoreceptor diseases, suggesting that RP1L1 plays an important role in photoreceptor biology, although its exact function is unknown. To date, RP1L1 variants have been associated with occult macular dystrophy (cone degeneration) and retinitis pigmentosa (rod degeneration). Here, we summarize the reported RP1L1-associated photoreceptor pathogenic mutations. The association between RP1L1 and other diseases (mainly several tumors) is also summarized and RP1L1 is included in a wider range of diseases. Finally, it is necessary to further explore the influence mechanism of RP1L1 gene on the health of photoreceptors and how it participates in the occurrence and development of tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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9. Detecting Metastatic Patterns of Oligometastatic Breast Cancer: A Comparative Analysis of 18 F-FDG PET/CT and Conventional CT Imaging.
- Author
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Moser R, Pfeiffer S, Cala L, Klein E, Kiechle M, Behzadi ST, Fallenberg E, Combs SE, Weber W, and Borm KJ
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- Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, Adult, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Aged, 80 and over, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Breast Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Neoplasm Metastasis
- Abstract
Metastasis-directed therapy has the potential to improve progression-free and overall survival in oligometastatic disease (OMD). For breast cancer, however, randomized trials have failed so far to confirm this finding. Because the concept of metastasis-directed therapy in OMD is highly dependent on the accuracy of the imaging modality, we aimed to assess the impact of
18 F-FDG PET/CT on the definition of OMD in breast cancer patients. Methods: Eighty patients with a total of 15018 F-FDG PET/CT images (between October 2006 and January 2022) were enrolled in this retrospective study at the Technical University of Munich. The inclusion criteria were OMD, defined as 1-5 distant metastases, at the time of18 F-FDG PET/CT. For the current study, we systemically compared the metastatic pattern on18 F-FDG PET/CT with conventional CT. Results: At the time of18 F-FDG PET/CT, 21.3% of patients ( n = 32) had a first-time diagnosis of metastatic disease, 40.7% ( n = 61) had a previous history of OMD, and 38% ( n = 57) had a previous history of polymetastatic disease. In 45.3% of cases, the imaging modality (18 F-FDG PET/CT vs. conventional CT) had an impact on the assessment of whether OMD was present. An identical metastatic pattern was observed in only 32% of cases.18 F-FDG PET/CT detected additional metastases in 33.3% of cases, mostly in the nonregional lymph node system. Conclusion: The use of18 F-FDG PET/CT had a substantial impact on the definition of OMD and detection of metastatic pattern in breast cancer. Our results emphasize the importance of establishing a standardized definition for imaging modalities in future trials and clinical practices related to metastasis-directed therapy in breast cancer patients., (© 2024 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.)- Published
- 2024
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10. Cognitive bias evaluation on the choice of treatment in common retinal disorders among retina specialists in 2023.
- Author
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Niegowski LJ, Cohen SY, Crincoli E, Mehanna CJ, and Souied EH
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- Humans, Male, Female, France epidemiology, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Angiogenesis Inhibitors administration & dosage, Adult, Ophthalmology statistics & numerical data, Ophthalmology standards, Retinal Vein Occlusion drug therapy, Retinal Vein Occlusion complications, Retinal Vein Occlusion epidemiology, Ophthalmologists statistics & numerical data, Retinal Diseases drug therapy, Retinal Diseases epidemiology, Retinal Diseases therapy, Practice Patterns, Physicians' statistics & numerical data, Practice Patterns, Physicians' standards
- Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed to discern the intent to treat with the therapeutic agents prescribed first or second line in the following eye conditions: neovascular age-related macular Degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and myopic maculopathy with choroidal neovascularization (MMNV). The study also aimed to distinguish the ophthalmologists' intended treatment for their patients from those that they would prescribe for themselves if they were affected by the above macular conditions., Methods: The study utilized an online survey of 243 French ophthalmologists practicing medical retina, with males accounting for 54.3% of the participants. Data was obtained using a questionnaire that focused on the ophthalmologists' experience with various agents as well as their first and second line choices for nAMD, DME, RVO, and MMNV., Results: The vast majority of French ophthalmologists (99%) had experience with the most widely used anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs); ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept. Fewer than 8% reported experience with anti-VEGF drug reservoirs, biosimilars, or faricimab. The study findings also showed ranibizumab and aflibercept as the commonly prescribed first line choices for the above-mentioned ocular conditions. For the second line choice, the study showed that aflibercept and dexamethasone intravitreal implants were the most common across the four retinal conditions studied. The only difference in intent to treat for "patients" versus "yourself" was for biosimilars (0% to 0.8%, P=0.001)., Conclusion: The findings regarding the first and second line choices for the mentioned ocular disorders were found to agree with the findings of published literature currently used in practice, with a tendency to prefer ranibizumab as first line therapy for neovascular disorders and aflibercept as first line therapy for macular edema. In addition, there were no differences between choices for first and second line therapy for patients vs. ophthalmologists., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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11. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Local Treatment in Oligometastatic Disease
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Dirk Mehrens, Marcus Unterrainer, Stefanie Corradini, Maximilian Niyazi, Farkhad Manapov, C. Benedikt Westphalen, Matthias F. Froelich, Moritz Wildgruber, Max Seidensticker, Jens Ricke, Johannes Rübenthaler, and Wolfgang G. Kunz
- Subjects
OMD ,cost-effectiveness (economics) ,radiation therapy (radiotherapy) ,cancer ,SABR ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
BackgroundIn certain malignancies, patients with oligometastatic disease benefit from radical ablative or surgical treatment. The SABR-COMET trial demonstrated a survival benefit for oligometastatic patients randomized to local stereotactic ablative radiation (SABR) compared to patients receiving standard care (SC) alone. Our aim was to determine the cost-effectiveness of SABR.Materials and MethodsA decision model based on partitioned survival simulations estimated costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) associated with both strategies in a United States setting from a health care perspective. Analyses were performed over the trial duration of six years as well as a long-term horizon of 16 years. Model input parameters were based on the SABR-COMET trial data as well as best available and most recent data provided in the published literature. An annual discount of 3% for costs was implemented in the analysis. All costs were adjusted to 2019 US Dollars according to the United States Consumer Price Index. SABR costs were reported with an average of $11,700 per treatment. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Incremental costs, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were calculated. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set to $100,000/QALY.ResultsBased on increased overall and progression-free survival, the SABR group showed 0.78 incremental QALYs over the trial duration and 1.34 incremental QALYs over the long-term analysis. Treatment with SABR led to a marginal increase in costs compared to SC alone (SABR: $304,656; SC: $303,523 for 6 years; ICER $1,446/QALY and SABR: $402,888; SC: $350,708 for long-term analysis; ICER $38,874/QALY). Therapy with SABR remained cost-effective until treatment costs of $88,969 over the trial duration (i.e. 7.6 times the average cost). Sensitivity analysis identified a strong model impact for ongoing annual costs of oligo- and polymetastatic disease states.ConclusionOur analysis suggests that local treatment with SABR adds QALYs for patients with certain oligometastatic cancers and represents an intermediate- and long-term cost-effective treatment strategy.
- Published
- 2021
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12. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Local Treatment in Oligometastatic Disease.
- Author
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Mehrens, Dirk, Unterrainer, Marcus, Corradini, Stefanie, Niyazi, Maximilian, Manapov, Farkhad, Westphalen, C. Benedikt, Froelich, Matthias F., Wildgruber, Moritz, Seidensticker, Max, Ricke, Jens, Rübenthaler, Johannes, and Kunz, Wolfgang G.
- Subjects
CONSUMER price indexes ,COST effectiveness ,THERAPEUTICS ,QUALITY-adjusted life years ,PROGRESSION-free survival - Abstract
Background: In certain malignancies, patients with oligometastatic disease benefit from radical ablative or surgical treatment. The SABR-COMET trial demonstrated a survival benefit for oligometastatic patients randomized to local stereotactic ablative radiation (SABR) compared to patients receiving standard care (SC) alone. Our aim was to determine the cost-effectiveness of SABR. Materials and Methods: A decision model based on partitioned survival simulations estimated costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) associated with both strategies in a United States setting from a health care perspective. Analyses were performed over the trial duration of six years as well as a long-term horizon of 16 years. Model input parameters were based on the SABR-COMET trial data as well as best available and most recent data provided in the published literature. An annual discount of 3% for costs was implemented in the analysis. All costs were adjusted to 2019 US Dollars according to the United States Consumer Price Index. SABR costs were reported with an average of $11,700 per treatment. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Incremental costs, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were calculated. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set to $100,000/QALY. Results: Based on increased overall and progression-free survival, the SABR group showed 0.78 incremental QALYs over the trial duration and 1.34 incremental QALYs over the long-term analysis. Treatment with SABR led to a marginal increase in costs compared to SC alone (SABR: $304,656; SC: $303,523 for 6 years; ICER $1,446/QALY and SABR: $402,888; SC: $350,708 for long-term analysis; ICER $38,874/QALY). Therapy with SABR remained cost-effective until treatment costs of $88,969 over the trial duration (i.e. 7.6 times the average cost). Sensitivity analysis identified a strong model impact for ongoing annual costs of oligo- and polymetastatic disease states. Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that local treatment with SABR adds QALYs for patients with certain oligometastatic cancers and represents an intermediate- and long-term cost-effective treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. La información turística online a escala local. Análisis de las webs oficiales de los ayuntamientos de Mallorca, España.
- Author
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Coll Ramis, Miquel Àngel, Fuster Uguet, Marc, and Seguí Llinás, Miguel
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TOURIST attractions ,INFORMATION dissemination ,TOURISM ,TOURISTS ,INTERNET - Abstract
Copyright of Investigaciones Turisticas is the property of Investigaciones Turisticas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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14. The International Development Cooperation Agenda and the advent of the post-2015 Development Agenda
- Abstract
Taking as reference May to September 2013, this Paper aims to follow up the most representative activities of the global agenda of international cooperation for development, both concrete actions and guidelines documents. The main conclusion of the Paper argues that the Post Development Agenda 2015, has been constituted the main reference of the various aid agencies and international cooperation mechanisms, leaving the feeling that the MDGs, currently at stake, have been placed in the background of the international stage., Teniendo como referente temporal desde el mes de mayo hasta el de septiembre de 2013, este artículo tiene como propósito dar seguimiento a los acontecimientos más representativos de la agenda global de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (CID), sean estos acciones concretas o documentos con base en los cuales se trazan las directrices por las que esta actividad será instrumentada. La principal conclusión de este escrito argumenta que la Agenda de Desarrollo post-2015, en proceso de conformación, se ha conformado en el principal referente de los diversos organismos y mecanismos de cooperación internacional, dejando la sensación de que los ODM, aún no concluidos, han sido colocados en un segundo plano de los escenarios internacionales., En prenant comme référence temporelle de mai à Septembre 2013, le présent document a comme but de suivre les événements les plus représentatifs de l’agenda mondial de la coopération internationale pour le développement, qu’il s’agisse des actions ou des documents concrets sur la base desquels les lignes directrices seront tracées pour l’instrumentalisation de cette activité. La principale conclusion de ce document fait valoir que le programme de développement post-2015, en processus de formation, a constitué la principale référence des divers organismes et mécanismes de coopération internationale, laissant le sentiment que les OMD, pas encore terminées, ont été placés dans le fond de la scène internationale.
- Published
- 2023
15. Effects of organic acid treated legume forages on in vitro degradability values
- Author
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Palangi, V, Macit, M, and Kilic, U
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ME ,in-vitro degradability parameters ,NEL ,OMD ,Organic acid ,Legume forage - Abstract
In this context, we aimed to investigate the effects of varying levels of Fumaric Acid (Fu), Malic Acid (Ma), Formic Acid (Fo), and their combinations on in-vitro degradability parameters, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) of alfalfa (Medicago polymorphia), white clover (Trifolium repens) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa). Obtained data were analyzed as a completely randomized 3×8 factorial design, with GLM using SAS 9.4. The effects of legume forages and their interacion with organic acid were significant on ME, NEL and OMD values (p
- Published
- 2023
16. Boosting OMD for Almost Free Authentication of Associated Data
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Reyhanitabar, Reza, Vaudenay, Serge, Vizár, Damian, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, and Leander, Gregor, editor
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Supporting School Aged Children to Train Their Vision by Using Serious Games
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Ilona Heldal, Carsten Helgesen, Qasim Ali, Daniel Patel, Atle Birger Geitung, and Håvard Pettersen
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OMD ,eye-tracking ,serious games ,training ,vision impairment ,rehabilitation ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Several children struggle with vision difficulties caused by problematic coordination between their left and right eye muscles, i.e., oculomotor dysfunction (OMD). Many OMDs can be improved by training the eyes via physical exercises defined and supervised by vision experts. The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing Serious Games (SGs) and eye-tracking technologies (ETs) for training the eyes of children having OMD. Via these activities, a trainee can, with her eye gaze, follow objects which are moving, change their directions and speed, or pop up on the screen. The results present mapping the current physical training goals to activities for SGs using input from ETs, and illustrate this correspondence for designing and developing six games. The games’ feasibility evaluation is done via semistructured interviews and evaluating user experiences. Three vision teachers (VTs) were involved in design and development, ensuring achievement of training goals, and five VT students in evaluations. The findings demonstrate the potential of using SGs and ETs to train OMD and point to future needs for improvements.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. A recurrent ZP1 variant is responsible for oocyte maturation defect with degenerated oocytes in infertile females
- Author
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Corinne Loeuillet, Magali Dhellemmes, Caroline Cazin, Zine‐Eddine Kherraf, Selima Fourati Ben Mustapha, Raoudha Zouari, Nicolas Thierry‐Mieg, Christophe Arnoult, Pierre F. Ray, Thierry-Mieg, Nicolas, Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CHU Grenoble, Clinique de Promotion des Sciences de la Reproduction [Tunis] (CPSR), Polyclinique les Jasmins [Tunis], Modèles et Algorithmes pour la Génomique (TIMC-MAGe), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity / Recherche Translationnelle et Innovation en Médecine et Complexité - UMR 5525 (TIMC ), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)
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[SDV.BDD.GAM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Gametogenesis ,zona pellucida ,Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins ,Cohort Studies ,Oogenesis ,Tubulin ,Exome Sequencing ,Genetics ,Humans ,oocytes ,Female ,OMD ,infertility ,Infertility, Female ,[SDV.BDD.GAM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Gametogenesis ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
International audience; A female factor is present in approximately 70% of couple infertility, often due to ovulatory disorders. In oocyte maturation defect (OMD), affected patients have a primary infertility with normal menstrual cycles but produce no oocyte, degenerated (atretic) or abnormal oocytes blocked at different stages of maturation. Four genes have so far been associated with OMD: PATL2, TUBB8, WEE2, and ZP1. In our initial study, 6 out of 23 OMD subjects were shown to carry the same PATL2 homozygous loss of function variant and one patient had a TUBB8 truncating variant. Here, we included four additional OMD patients and reanalyzed all 27 subjects. In addition to the seven patients with a previously identified defect, five carried the same deleterious homozygous ZP1 variant (c.1097G>A; p.Arg366Gln). All the oocytes from ZP1-associated patients appeared shriveled and dark indicating that the abnormal ZP1 protein induced oocyte death and degeneration. Overall ZP1-associated patients had degenerated or absent oocytes contrary to PATL2-associated subjects who had immature oocytes blocked mainly at the germinal vesicle stage. In this cohort of North African OMD patients, whole exome sequencing permitted to diagnose 44% of the patients studied and to identify a new frequent ZP1 variant.
- Published
- 2022
19. Misuse-Resistant Variants of the OMD Authenticated Encryption Mode
- Author
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Reyhanitabar, Reza, Vaudenay, Serge, Vizár, Damian, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Kobsa, Alfred, Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Chow, Sherman S. M., editor, Liu, Joseph K., editor, Hui, Lucas C. K., editor, and Yiu, Siu Ming, editor
- Published
- 2014
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20. Two Secreted Proteoglycans, Activators of Urothelial Cell–Cell Adhesion, Negatively Contribute to Bladder Cancer Initiation and Progression
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Vasiliki Papadaki, Ken Asada, Julie K. Watson, Toshiya Tamura, Alex Leung, Jack Hopkins, Margaret Dellett, Noriaki Sasai, Hongorzul Davaapil, Serena Nik-Zainal, Rebecca Longbottom, Makoto Nakakido, Ryo Torii, Abhi Veerakumarasivam, Syuzo Kaneko, Mandeep S. Sagoo, Gillian Murphy, Akihisa Mitani, Kohei Tsumoto, John D. Kelly, Ryuji Hamamoto, and Shin-ichi Ohnuma
- Subjects
OMD ,PRELP ,tumor suppression gene ,bladder cancer initiation ,tight junction ,partial EMT ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Osteomodulin (OMD) and proline/arginine-rich end leucine repeat protein (PRELP) are secreted extracellular matrix proteins belonging to the small leucine-rich proteoglycans family. We found that OMD and PRELP were specifically expressed in umbrella cells in bladder epithelia, and their expression levels were dramatically downregulated in all bladder cancers from very early stages and various epithelial cancers. Our in vitro studies including gene expression profiling using bladder cancer cell lines revealed that OMD or PRELP application suppressed the cancer progression by inhibiting TGF-β and EGF pathways, which reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), activated cell–cell adhesion, and inhibited various oncogenic pathways. Furthermore, the overexpression of OMD in bladder cancer cells strongly inhibited the anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in mouse xenograft studies. On the other hand, we found that in the bladder epithelia, the knockout mice of OMD and/or PRELP gene caused partial EMT and a loss of tight junctions of the umbrella cells and resulted in formation of a bladder carcinoma in situ-like structure by spontaneous breakdowns of the umbrella cell layer. Furthermore, the ontological analysis of the expression profiling of an OMD knockout mouse bladder demonstrated very high similarity with those obtained from human bladder cancers. Our data indicate that OMD and PRELP are endogenous inhibitors of cancer initiation and progression by controlling EMT. OMD and/or PRELP may have potential for the treatment of bladder cancer.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Organic Matter Digestibility and Condensed Tannin Content of Some Hybrid Sorghum
- Author
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Gurbuz, Y. and Davies, D.R.
- Published
- 2010
22. La información turística online a escala local. Análisis de las webs oficiales de los ayuntamientos de Mallorca, España
- Abstract
La búsqueda de información es un elemento clave a la hora de escoger un destino turístico, lo cual, provoca que la divulgación de información turística a través de internet sea uno de los principales objetivos que persiguen los destinos para intentar atraer a la demanda hacia su territorio. Este trabajo ha analizado la forma con la que los municipios de Mallorca ofrecen información turística a través de internet. Los resultados que se han obtenido muestran como a pesar de que el turismo es el principal motor económico de la isla, la mayoría de los municipios están ofreciendo de forma deficiente su información turística online., The search for information is a key element when choosing a tourist destination, which means that the dissemination of tourist information through the Internet is one of the main objectives pursued by destinations to try to attract demand to their territory. This study has analyzed the way in which the municipalities of Mallorca offer tourist information through the Internet. The results obtained show that even though tourism is the main economic engine of the island, most of the municipalities perform poorly in terms of providing online tourist information.
- Published
- 2021
23. La información turística online a escala local. Análisis de las webs oficiales de los ayuntamientos de Mallorca, España
- Abstract
La búsqueda de información es un elemento clave a la hora de escoger un destino turístico, lo cual, provoca que la divulgación de información turística a través de internet sea uno de los principales objetivos que persiguen los destinos para intentar atraer a la demanda hacia su territorio. Este trabajo ha analizado la forma con la que los municipios de Mallorca ofrecen información turística a través de internet. Los resultados que se han obtenido muestran como a pesar de que el turismo es el principal motor económico de la isla, la mayoría de los municipios están ofreciendo de forma deficiente su información turística online., The search for information is a key element when choosing a tourist destination, which means that the dissemination of tourist information through the Internet is one of the main objectives pursued by destinations to try to attract demand to their territory. This study has analyzed the way in which the municipalities of Mallorca offer tourist information through the Internet. The results obtained show that even though tourism is the main economic engine of the island, most of the municipalities perform poorly in terms of providing online tourist information.
- Published
- 2021
24. Kofi Annan, un parcours de plus de 40 ans au sein de l’ONU
- Author
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Chloé Maurel
- Subjects
United Nations ,international organizations ,lcsh:History (General) and history of Europe ,OMS ,ONU ,études afro-américaines ,General Medicine ,bureaucracy ,organisations internationales ,international civil servant ,leader ,WHO ,lcsh:D ,Africa ,black studies ,OMD ,MDGs ,secrétaire général ,bureaucratie ,Kofi Annan - Abstract
Kofi Annan, secrétaire général de l’ONU de 1997 à 2006, a été le plus connu, le plus charismatique et le plus dynamique des dirigeants récents de l’ONU. Comment s’est construit son parcours, de son Ghana natal jusqu’à la « Maison de verre », le siège de l’ONU à New York ? Quel bilan pour ses deux mandats à la tête de l’ONU ? Le récit qui suit se propose de montrer l’ascension progressive de Kofi Annan au sein des différentes instances des Nations unies et d’évaluer son action, avec un recul critique. Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General from 1997 to 2006, was the most famous and charismatic of all UN SGs. How did he become SG, from his childhood in Ghana to his election as SG ? What appraisal of his 10 years as UN SG ?
- Published
- 2019
25. Supporting School Aged Children to Train Their Vision by Using Serious Games
- Author
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Qasim Ali, Håvard Pettersen, Daniel Patel, Carsten Helgesen, Ilona Heldal, and Atle Birger Geitung
- Subjects
eye-tracking ,School age child ,Rehabilitation ,serious games ,training ,Point (typography) ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Applied psychology ,Eye muscle ,QA75.5-76.95 ,rehabilitation ,Human-Computer Interaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,vision teachers ,0302 clinical medicine ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,medicine ,vision impairment ,Eye tracking ,OMD ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Several children struggle with vision difficulties caused by problematic coordination between their left and right eye muscles, i.e., oculomotor dysfunction (OMD). Many OMDs can be improved by training the eyes via physical exercises defined and supervised by vision experts. The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing Serious Games (SGs) and eye-tracking technologies (ETs) for training the eyes of children having OMD. Via these activities, a trainee can, with her eye gaze, follow objects which are moving, change their directions and speed, or pop up on the screen. The results present mapping the current physical training goals to activities for SGs using input from ETs, and illustrate this correspondence for designing and developing six games. The games’ feasibility evaluation is done via semistructured interviews and evaluating user experiences. Three vision teachers (VTs) were involved in design and development, ensuring achievement of training goals, and five VT students in evaluations. The findings demonstrate the potential of using SGs and ETs to train OMD and point to future needs for improvements.
- Published
- 2021
26. Das phänotypische Spektrum bei Patienten mit Sequenzveränderungen im RP1L1-Gen
- Author
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Bryjová, Barbara and Justus Liebig University Giessen
- Subjects
ddc:610 ,RP1L1 ,OMD - Abstract
Durch das RP1L1-Gen wird ein netzhautspezifisches Protein kodiert. Sequenzveränderungen in diesem Gen verursachen Veränderungen in den lichtempfindlichen Photorezeptoren und daraus resultierende Retinopathien. Mit dem RP1L1-Gen ist die seltene okkulte Makuladystrophie (OMD) assoziiert. Trotz funktioneller Beeinträchtigungen wurde der Name dieser autosomal dominanten Netzhauterkrankung vom unauffällig erscheinenden Augenhintergrund abgeleitet. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Daten von 22 Patienten mit einer nachgewiesenen Sequenzänderung im RP1L1-Gen retrospektiv analysiert. Das Ziel der Arbeit war die Charakterisierung des phänotypischen Spektrums. Mit der Absicht, die unterschiedlichen Phänotypen zu vergleichen, erfolgte zunächst eine Einteilung anhand der RP1L1-Veränderung in drei Gruppen anhand der Genotypen (Gruppe I: Veränderung der 45. Aminosäureposition, Gruppe II: Veränderung der 110. Aminosäureposition, Gruppe III: Veränderung unterschiedlicher Aminosäurepositionen im RP1L1-Protein). Darauffolgend wurden die Untersuchungsergebnisse der Visusprüfung, der Farbsinnprüfung, der Perimetrie (Goldmann-Perimetrie und Mikroperimetrie), der elektrophysiologischen Untersuchungen (Ganzfeld-ERG und mf-ERG), der optischen Kohärenztomographie, der Fundusautofluoreszenz (FAF) und der Fundusphotographie analysiert. Im Kontrast zur Definition der okkulten Makuladystrophie mit klinisch blandem Augenhintergrund zeigten die Ergebnisse der Fundus- und FAF-Untersuchung pathologische Veränderungen. Weitere morphologische Auffälligkeiten konnten im Rahmen der OCT-Volumenscan-Analyse beschrieben werden. Ein Frühstadium der OMD mit vier betroffenen Schichten (Schichten: ELM, PIS, ISe und POS) und eine Progredienz der Veränderungen in späteren Stadien (Schichten: RNFL, GCL+IPL, INL, ONL und RPE) wurde nachgewiesen. Außerdem war die Reduktion der Netzhautdicke – ein typisches Zeichen der OMD – erkennbar. So stehen die morphologischen Veränderungen im Einklang mit Funktionsstörungen wie einer Visusreduktion, Verwechslungen im Farbsinntest, relativen und absoluten Zentralskotomen, einer unruhigen und exzentrischen Fixation, einer Empfindlichkeitsminderung bis zum Empfindlichkeitsverlust oder einer Reduktion der korrelierten Potenziale für die zentralen Hexagone im mf-ERG. Insgesamt zeigte sich innerhalb der Gruppen eine klinische Heterogenität. Allerdings konnten keine gruppenbezogenen Unterschiede erkannt werden und die Befunde waren in allen drei Gruppen unabhängig von der Sequenzveränderung vergleichbar. Schlussfolgernd stellt sich ein einheitlicher Phänotyp dar. Dieser ist nicht spezifisch für eine spezielle genetische Variante des RP1L1-Gens und drückt sich als variable Expressivität und unvollständige Penetranz der Variationen aus. Zusätzlich zu den häufig beschriebenen RP1L1-Varianten (p.R45W, p.P110L) sind wahrscheinlich weitere Varianten wie p.P110S, p.S144del, p.A2016S und p.T350K mit der OMD assoziiert. Resümierend eröffnen die Kenntnisse über die phänotypische Heterogenität bei Patienten mit nachgewiesenen RP1L1-Varianten einen neuen Blickwinkel auf Patienten mit reduziertem Visus und unauffälligen morphologischen Veränderungen der Netzhaut. Im Rahmen der Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation sind diese Informationen für die Diagnostik, Abschätzung der Krankheitsprogression und für die Entwicklung der Therapie hilfreich.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. La información turística online a escala local. Análisis de las webs oficiales de los ayuntamientos de Mallorca, España
- Author
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Miguel Seguí Llinás, Miquel Àngel Coll Ramis, and Marc Fuster Uguet
- Subjects
Web 2.0 ,business.industry ,Mallorca ,lcsh:Recreation. Leisure ,Advertising ,lcsh:GV1-1860 ,Destinations ,Información turística ,Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management ,Turismo 2.0 ,Tourism 2.0 ,Key (cryptography) ,The Internet ,OMD ,DMO ,business ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Tourism ,Tourist information - Abstract
La búsqueda de información es un elemento clave a la hora de escoger un destino turístico, lo cual, provoca que la divulgación de información turística a través de internet sea uno de los principales objetivos que persiguen los destinos para intentar atraer a la demanda hacia su territorio. Este trabajo ha analizado la forma con la que los municipios de Mallorca ofrecen información turística a través de internet. Los resultados que se han obtenido muestran como a pesar de que el turismo es el principal motor económico de la isla, la mayoría de los municipios están ofreciendo de forma deficiente su información turística online. The search for information is a key element when choosing a tourist destination, which means that the dissemination of tourist information through the Internet is one of the main objectives pursued by destinations to try to attract demand to their territory. This study has analyzed the way in which the municipalities of Mallorca offer tourist information through the Internet. The results obtained show that even though tourism is the main economic engine of the island, most of the municipalities perform poorly in terms of providing online tourist information.
- Published
- 2021
28. Two Secreted Proteoglycans, Activators of Urothelial Cell–Cell Adhesion, Negatively Contribute to Bladder Cancer Initiation and Progression
- Author
-
Makoto Nakakido, Kohei Tsumoto, Noriaki Sasai, Toshiya Tamura, Jack Hopkins, Ken Asada, Julie K. Watson, Hongorzul Davaapil, Ryo Torii, Shin-ichi Ohnuma, Mandeep S. Sagoo, Akihisa Mitani, Margaret Dellett, Syuzo Kaneko, Vasiliki Papadaki, Abhi Veerakumarasivam, Rebecca Longbottom, Gillian Murphy, Alex Leung, Ryuji Hamamoto, Serena Nik-Zainal, John D. Kelly, Asada, Ken [0000-0003-0548-4449], Watson, Julie K [0000-0002-1702-6085], Hopkins, Jack [0000-0002-9581-364X], Sasai, Noriaki [0000-0003-0360-1138], Nakakido, Makoto [0000-0003-0328-9914], Torii, Ryo [0000-0001-9479-8719], Sagoo, Mandeep S [0000-0003-1530-3824], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Watson, Julie K. [0000-0002-1702-6085], and Sagoo, Mandeep S. [0000-0003-1530-3824]
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Urothelial Cell ,tight junction ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Article ,Extracellular matrix ,03 medical and health sciences ,Osteomodulin ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,tumor suppression gene ,OMD ,Cell adhesion ,Bladder cancer ,Tight junction ,Chemistry ,PRELP ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,bladder cancer initiation ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,partial EMT ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Knockout mouse ,Cancer research - Abstract
Osteomodulin (OMD) and proline/arginine-rich end leucine repeat protein (PRELP) are secreted extracellular matrix proteins belonging to the small leucine-rich proteoglycans family. We found that OMD and PRELP were specifically expressed in umbrella cells in bladder epithelia, and their expression levels were dramatically downregulated in all bladder cancers from very early stages and various epithelial cancers. Our in vitro studies including gene expression profiling using bladder cancer cell lines revealed that OMD or PRELP application suppressed the cancer progression by inhibiting TGF-&beta, and EGF pathways, which reversed epithelial&ndash, mesenchymal transition (EMT), activated cell&ndash, cell adhesion, and inhibited various oncogenic pathways. Furthermore, the overexpression of OMD in bladder cancer cells strongly inhibited the anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in mouse xenograft studies. On the other hand, we found that in the bladder epithelia, the knockout mice of OMD and/or PRELP gene caused partial EMT and a loss of tight junctions of the umbrella cells and resulted in formation of a bladder carcinoma in situ-like structure by spontaneous breakdowns of the umbrella cell layer. Furthermore, the ontological analysis of the expression profiling of an OMD knockout mouse bladder demonstrated very high similarity with those obtained from human bladder cancers. Our data indicate that OMD and PRELP are endogenous inhibitors of cancer initiation and progression by controlling EMT. OMD and/or PRELP may have potential for the treatment of bladder cancer.
- Published
- 2020
29. Rates and predictors of school pregnancy among black women in the North West province, South Africa.
- Author
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Karabo, Mhele and Ayiga, Natal
- Subjects
TEENAGE pregnancy ,BLACK teenagers ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,BLACK people ,HUMAN sexuality - Abstract
Copyright of African Population Studies is the property of Union for African Population Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Restoring Consistency in Ontological Multidimensional Data Models via Weighted Repairs
- Author
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Haque, Enamul, Chiang, Fei, and Computing and Software
- Subjects
Database ,Datalog ,Logic ,Data Cleaning ,Genetic Algorithms ,Data Science ,OMD ,CRITIC ,MCDM - Abstract
This can be considered as a multidisciplinary research where ideas from Operations Research, Data Science and Logic came together to solve an inconsistency handling problem in a special type of ontology. High data quality is a prerequisite for accurate data analysis. However, data inconsistencies often arise in real data, leading to untrusted decision making downstream in the data analysis pipeline. In this research, we study the problem of inconsistency detection and repair of the Ontology Multi-dimensional Data Model (OMD). We propose a framework of data quality assessment, and repair for the OMD. We formally define a weight-based repair-by-deletion semantics, and present an automatic weight generation mechanism that considers multiple input criteria. Our methods are rooted in multi-criteria decision making that consider the correlation, contrast, and conflict that may exist among multiple criteria, and is often needed in the data cleaning domain. After weight generation we present a dynamic programming based Min-Sum algorithm to identify minimal weight solution. We then apply evolutionary optimization techniques and demonstrate improved performance using medical datasets, making it realizable in practice. Thesis Master of Computer Science (MCS) Accurate data analysis requires high quality data as input. In this research, we study inconsistency in an ontology known as Ontology Multi-dimensional Data (OMD) Model and propose algorithms to repair them based on their automatically generated relative weights. We proposed two techniques to restore consistency, one provides optimal results but takes longer time compared to the other one, which produces sub-optimal results but fast enough for practical purposes, shown with experiments on datasets.
- Published
- 2020
31. Mesurer la pauvreté pour l’éliminer
- Author
-
Julien Damon
- Subjects
France ,indicateurs ,OMD ,ONU ,pauvreté ,Union européenne ,Social Sciences - Abstract
En 2000, l’ONU a établi des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement, visant notamment à réduire de moitié l’extrême pauvreté d’ici 2015. En 2000, l’Union européenne a lancé sa stratégie dite de Lisbonne, contenant une invitation à « donner un élan décisif à l’élimination de la pauvreté » à l’horizon 2010. Depuis 2007, la France s’est fixé un objectif de réduction d’un tiers de la pauvreté, sur cinq ans. Ce volontarisme politique appelle, dans les trois cas, une élaboration technique afin de définir et décrire la pauvreté. À ces trois échelles française, européenne, internationale, les modes d’approche et de décompte ne sont pas les mêmes. Pour autant, ce qui les rassemble est plus important que ce qui les différencie.
- Published
- 2012
32. Extraction, dealcoholization and concentration of anthocyanin from red radish
- Author
-
Patil, Ganapathi, Madhusudhan, M.C., Ravindra Babu, B., and Raghavarao, K.S.M.S.
- Subjects
- *
EXTRACTION (Chemistry) , *ANTHOCYANINS , *RADISHES , *DISTILLATION , *MEMBRANE separation , *ATMOSPHERIC pressure - Abstract
Abstract: The extraction procedure is of great importance for the extraction of natural colorants. In the present study, an alternate process is reported for anthocyanin from the peels of red radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Different extracting mediums are used and the mixture of 50% ethanol and acidified water resulted in maximum anthocyanin content (37.26mg/100ml) with better chroma (69.03) and hue angle (44.54). Membrane pertraction is used for the first time to dealcoholize and concentrate the anthocyanin extract (from 37.26mg/100ml to 62.58mg/100ml). The extract is further concentrated using osmotic membrane distillation (485mg/100ml) at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Integrated membrane process for the concentration of anthocyanin
- Author
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Patil, Ganapathi and Raghavarao, K.S.M.S.
- Subjects
- *
ANTHOCYANINS , *COLORING matter in food , *RADISHES , *ULTRAFILTRATION , *REVERSE osmosis , *DISTILLATION - Abstract
Abstract: Many natural colorants, which have been extracted from plant/vegetable sources, have more than 90% water in addition to the low tinctorial strength. Membrane technologies offer the potential of pigment concentration. In view of this, an attempt has been made to concentrate anthocyanin, a natural red colorant from red radish using integrated membrane process, which involves ultrafiltration (UF), reverse osmosis (RO) and osmotic membrane distillation (OMD). The effect of anthocyanin concentration on water flux in each process was studied. Comparison of UF, RO and OMD was made when they are operated individually and in combination with each other. It was observed that, the integrated membrane processes have the advantages of achieving higher concentration of anthocyanin compared to that of the individual membrane processes. Final concentration of 26°B (from 1°B) was achieved; which resulted an increase in the concentration of anthocyanin from 40mg/100ml to 980mg/100ml. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Mass transfer in osmotic membrane distillation
- Author
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Nagaraj, Naveen, Patil, Ganapathi, Babu, B. Ravindra, Hebbar, Umesh H., Raghavarao, K.S.M.S., and Nene, Sanjay
- Subjects
- *
BIOLOGICAL transport , *SALT , *CALCIUM chloride , *FLUID dynamics - Abstract
Abstract: Osmotic membrane distillation is a novel athermal membrane process that facilitates the maximum concentration of liquid foods under mild operating conditions. In the present study, the effect of various process parameters such as type, concentration and flow rate of the osmotic agent; type (polypropylene membranes) and pore size (0.05 and 0.2μm) of the membrane; temperature with respect to transmembrane flux was studied. Experiments were performed with real systems (pineapple/sweet lime juice) in a flat membrane module. Osmotic agents namely sodium chloride and calcium chloride at varying concentrations are employed. For both the osmotic agents, higher transmembrane flux was observed at maximum osmotic agent concentration. In comparison with sodium chloride, higher transmembrane flux was observed in case of calcium chloride. A mass transfer-in-series resistance model has been employed, considering the resistance offered by the membrane as well the boundary layers (feed and brine sides) in case of real systems for the first time. The model could predict the variation of transmembrane flux with respect to different process parameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Sakodiena un oromiofunkcionālo traucējumu saistība pirmsskolas vecuma bērniem Latvijā
- Author
-
Pircher, Julia, Priede, Dace, and Latvijas Universitāte. Medicīnas fakultāte
- Subjects
Preschool children ,OMD ,Oral Habits ,Malocclusion ,Medicīna - Abstract
Priekšvēsture: Orofaciālā mioloģija ir zinātne par sejas un orofaciālā kompleksa muskuļu normālu un patoloģisku darbību un to saistību ar sakodienu un runu. “Orofaciālā kompleksa miofunkcionālie traucējumi” (OMT) ietekmē mutes dobuma stāvokli un to saistību ar dažādiem fizioloģiskiem un psiholoģiskiem faktoriem. Infantila rīšana, mutes elpošana, pirkstu vai knupja ilgstoša sūkāšana, nagu graušana un zobu griešana ir daži no galvenajiem pētītajiem sliktajiem ieradumiem (Hanson & Mason, 2003). Ir izpētīts, ka tādi ieradumi kā ilgstošas elpceļu saslimšanas, infantila rīšana, mēles parafunkcija ir saistīti ar orofaciālā kompleksa disfunkcijām (Bahreman, 2013). Mērķis: Pētījums par okluzālo atradņu un orofaciālo miofunkcionālo traucējumu (OMT) savstarpējo saistību piena un maiņas sakodienā pirmskolas bērniem četru līdz septiņu gadu vecumā lai atrastu un novērstu nepareiza sakodiena cēloni. Metodes un materiāli: Tika veikts šķērsgriezuma pētījums vienā no Ļatvijas bērnudārziem. Četru līdz septiņu gadu vecu bērnu mutes dobuma stāvoklis tika novērtēts sešu apmeklējumu laikā. Mātēm tika izsniegtas anketas par ģimenes sociālekonomisko stāvokli. Pētījumu apstiprināja Latvijas Universitātes Ētikas komiteja. Rezultāti: Pētījumā tika iekļauti 141 bērnu (un viņu mātes). Lielākā daļa mātes norādīja, ka ekonomiskā situācija ir vidēja (N = 53, 37,6%) un laba (N = 76, 53,9%) un 107 (75,9%) mātēm bija augstākā izglītība. Bērniem novēroja šādus sliktos ieradumus: 28 (19,9%) bērni grauza nagus, 22 (15,6%) gulēja ar atvērtu muti, 11 (7,8%) joprojām sūkāja pirkstu un 23 (16,3%) naktī grieza zobus. Tika konstatēts, ka ilgstošas elpceļu saslimšanas samazina pareiza sakodiena varbūtību par 66,5%. Infantila rīšana vairāk nekā trīs reizes palielināja kombinēta( distāls sakodiens ar proinklinētiem augšžokļa incisīviem) sakodiena iespējamību (OR = 3.11). Vienīgais faktors, kas pozitīvi saistīts ar krusta sakodienu, bija runa. Runas defekti palielināja sānu krusta sakodiena iespējamību vairāk nekā trīs reizes (OR = 3,55). Secinājumi: Lai novērstu sarežģītu, laikietilpīgu un dārgu ortodontisko ārstēšanu, tiek ieteikts veikt agrīnās pārbaudes. Slikto ieradumu agrīna atklāšana var novērst vai samazināt sejas skeleta nevēlamu attīstību un nodrošināt stabilitāti pēc ortodontiskās ārstēšanas. Atslēgas vārdi: OMT, nepareizs sakodiens, sliktie ieradumi, pirmskolas bērni, Background: Orofacial myology is the study of normal and abnormal activity and usage of the facial and oral structures and their association with the dentition and speech. “Oral myofuntional disorders” (OMD) is defined as the influence of the oral status by oral patterns which are associated to different physiologic and psychological factors. Tongue thrust, non-nutritive sucking, mouth breathing, nail biting and bruxism are some of the main oral habits investigated (Hanson & Mason, 2003). It has been confirmed, that habits such as prolonged respiratory disease, tongue thrust and speech are associated with oral dysfunctions (Bahreman, 2013). Aim: Investigation of the interrelation between occlusal findings and orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD) in primary and mixed dentition to find the cause for malocclusion in preschool children aged four to seven years old in Latvia. Methods and Materials: The study was carries out as a cross-sectional study in a Latvian kindergarten. The oral status of the four to seven year old children was assessed during six subsequent visits. Additionally, questionnaires regarding the socioeconomic status of the family were hands out to the mothers. The study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the University of Latvia. Results: The final study sample consisted of 141 children-mother pairs. Most mothers stated to have a medium (N = 53, 37.6%) to good (N = 76, 53.9%) economic status and 107 (75.9%) of mothers had higher educational status. In case of oral habits, 28 (19.9%) children did bite their nails, 22 (15.6%) slept with open mouth, 11 (7.8%) were still digit sucking and 23 (16.3%) were bruxing. Prolonged respiratory disease was found to reduce the probability for normal occlusion for 66.5%. Tongue thrust increased more than three times the possibility for combined occlusion (OR = 3.11). The only factor positively associated with cross-bite was speech. Abnormal speech increased the possibility for posterior cross-bite more than three times (OR = 3.55). Conclusions: To prevent time & cost consuming orthodontic treatment early examinations should be performed. Early management of harmful oral habits can prevent or reduce dento-skeletal damage & facilitate occlusal stability after orthodontic treatment. Key words: OMD, Malocclusion, Oral Habits, preschool children
- Published
- 2019
36. Supporting School Aged Children to Train Their Vision by Using Serious Games.
- Author
-
Heldal, Ilona, Helgesen, Carsten, Ali, Qasim, Patel, Daniel, Geitung, Atle Birger, Pettersen, Håvard, Vaz de Carvalho, Carlos, and Coelho, Antonio
- Subjects
SCHOOL children ,VISUAL training ,EYE muscles ,VISION ,SEMI-structured interviews ,GOAL (Psychology) - Abstract
Several children struggle with vision difficulties caused by problematic coordination between their left and right eye muscles, i.e., oculomotor dysfunction (OMD). Many OMDs can be improved by training the eyes via physical exercises defined and supervised by vision experts. The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing Serious Games (SGs) and eye-tracking technologies (ETs) for training the eyes of children having OMD. Via these activities, a trainee can, with her eye gaze, follow objects which are moving, change their directions and speed, or pop up on the screen. The results present mapping the current physical training goals to activities for SGs using input from ETs, and illustrate this correspondence for designing and developing six games. The games' feasibility evaluation is done via semistructured interviews and evaluating user experiences. Three vision teachers (VTs) were involved in design and development, ensuring achievement of training goals, and five VT students in evaluations. The findings demonstrate the potential of using SGs and ETs to train OMD and point to future needs for improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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37. Two Secreted Proteoglycans, Activators of Urothelial Cell–Cell Adhesion, Negatively Contribute to Bladder Cancer Initiation and Progression.
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Papadaki, Vasiliki, Asada, Ken, Watson, Julie K., Tamura, Toshiya, Leung, Alex, Hopkins, Jack, Dellett, Margaret, Sasai, Noriaki, Davaapil, Hongorzul, Nik-Zainal, Serena, Longbottom, Rebecca, Nakakido, Makoto, Torii, Ryo, Veerakumarasivam, Abhi, Kaneko, Syuzo, Sagoo, Mandeep S., Murphy, Gillian, Mitani, Akihisa, Tsumoto, Kohei, and Kelly, John D.
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- *
CARCINOGENESIS , *ANIMAL experimentation , *BLADDER , *EPIDERMAL growth factor , *EPITHELIAL cells , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *MICE , *PROLINE , *TRANSFORMING growth factors-beta , *XENOGRAFTS , *DISEASE progression , *GENE expression profiling , *EPITHELIAL-mesenchymal transition ,BLADDER tumors - Abstract
Simple Summary: Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with cancer progression. Here, we found that two secreted proteins of osteomodulin (OMD) and proline/arginine-rich end leucine repeat protein (PRELP) were selectively expressed in bladder umbrella epithelial cells, and they were suppressed in bladder cancer. We revealed that OMD−/− or PRELP−/− knockout mice caused a breakdown of the umbrella cell layer through weakening cell–cell integrity and the activation of partial EMT, which resulted in the formation of early bladder cancer-like structures, while OMD or PRELP application to bladder cancer cells inhibited cancer progression through reversing EMT, which was mediated by the inhibition of TGF-β and EGF. Our result indicates that OMD and PRELP function as tumor-suppressing proteins through inhibiting EMT. OMD and PRELP may be potential therapeutic targets in bladder cancer. Osteomodulin (OMD) and proline/arginine-rich end leucine repeat protein (PRELP) are secreted extracellular matrix proteins belonging to the small leucine-rich proteoglycans family. We found that OMD and PRELP were specifically expressed in umbrella cells in bladder epithelia, and their expression levels were dramatically downregulated in all bladder cancers from very early stages and various epithelial cancers. Our in vitro studies including gene expression profiling using bladder cancer cell lines revealed that OMD or PRELP application suppressed the cancer progression by inhibiting TGF-β and EGF pathways, which reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), activated cell–cell adhesion, and inhibited various oncogenic pathways. Furthermore, the overexpression of OMD in bladder cancer cells strongly inhibited the anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in mouse xenograft studies. On the other hand, we found that in the bladder epithelia, the knockout mice of OMD and/or PRELP gene caused partial EMT and a loss of tight junctions of the umbrella cells and resulted in formation of a bladder carcinoma in situ-like structure by spontaneous breakdowns of the umbrella cell layer. Furthermore, the ontological analysis of the expression profiling of an OMD knockout mouse bladder demonstrated very high similarity with those obtained from human bladder cancers. Our data indicate that OMD and PRELP are endogenous inhibitors of cancer initiation and progression by controlling EMT. OMD and/or PRELP may have potential for the treatment of bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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38. An assessment essay of the economic cost of achieving the targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) related to drinking water in Algeria
- Author
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Kamal Oukaci, Nabil Kherbache, Laboratoire d′économie et développement (LED). Faculté des Sciences Économiques, Commerciales et des Sciences de Gestion, Université de Bejaia (Algérie)., Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
- Subjects
financement ,capital expenditure ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,MDG ,[QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin] ,funding ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,absorptive capacity ,02 engineering and technology ,capacité d’absorption ,01 natural sciences ,6. Clean water ,020801 environmental engineering ,budget d’équipement ,Eau potable ,13. Climate action ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Drinking water ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,OMD ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
L’objectif de l’article est d’évaluer le coût économique de la réalisation de la cible 7.C des objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD) et de s’interroger sur les contraintes et les améliorations ressenties dans le service d’approvisionnement de l’eau potable en Algérie. L’approche méthodologique utilisée s’adosse sur l’analyse des documents, ouvrages, articles, données et informations relatives à l’investissement/financement du sous-secteur de l’eau potable en Algérie. Ces données nous ont été fournies par les directions centrales du ministère des Ressources en eau et de l’Environnement (MREE) et l’Algérienne des eaux (ADE). L’étude montre que l’évolution favorable des indicateurs de l’eau potable est due à une politique d’investissement massif dans ce sous-secteur. Le cumul des montants autorisés pour la période analysée (1999-2012) s’évalue à environ 23,459 milliards $US dont seuls 61,6 % ont été dépensés de manière effective. La faiblesse de la capacité d’absorption s’explique par des entraves lors de l’exécution des budgets alloués et un manque d’un capital intellectuel capable de relever effacement le défi des OMD inhérents à l’eau et de gérer durablement les ressources en eau. Ces efforts se sont heurtés à des contraintes sur le terrain en raison d’une concentration sur la mobilisation de l’eau en amont (politique de l’offre) sans valorisation de la ressource en aval par une gestion de la demande en eau (GDE). Toutefois, l’Algérie a pu réaliser les cibles des OMD liés à l’accès à l’eau, avant l’échéance fixée par l’ONU en 2015, avec un coût économique qui s’estime à 14,515 milliards $US. Le pays assure un accès à l’eau potable à la majorité de la population avec un taux de raccordement de 98 % en 2015 contre 78 % en 1999 et il a pu atteindre l’objectif lié à l’assainissement où le taux de raccordement aux réseaux d’assainissement s’évaluait en 2015 de 90 % alors qu’il était de 73,2 % en 2000., This paper aims to assess the economic cost of achieving the target 7.C of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and to discuss constraints and improvements in drinking water delivery services in Algeria. The methodological approach used is based on the analysis of documents, articles, data and information about investment/funding of drinking water sub-sector in Algeria. The data used were provided by the Ministry of Water Resources and Environment and the Algerian Water Company. Our study confirms that the favorable evolution in drinking water indicators is due to massive investment in this sub-sector. In fact, the overall amount authorized during the analyzed period (1999-2012) is valued at US$23.459 billions, of which, only 61.6% were actually spent. The weakness of absorptive capacity is due to many constraints in the execution of the allocated budgets and a lack of an intellectual capital able to face the challenge of MDGs inherent to water and to manage the water resources sustainably. Efforts to meet such challenges have been hampered by many constraints owing to concentration on the water mobilization upstream (supply-side management) without a downstream valorization by a water demand management (WDM). However, Algeria has been able to achieve the targets of the MDGs related to the drinking water services before the UN fixed deadline in 2015, with an economic cost estimated at US$14.515 billions. Indeed, Algeria ensured access to safe drinking water to the majority of the population with a connection rate of 98% in 2015, compared to 78% in 1999. Moreover, it achieved the sanitation facilities target with a connection rate to the sewerage network of 90% in 2015 compared to 73.2% in 2000.
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- 2017
39. OMD, ODD, quels indicateurs pour le développement ?
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Gerardin, Hubert, Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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ODD ,Objectifs de développement durable ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,OMD ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience; De nombreuses recherches méthodologiques ont été engagées ces dernières années pour prendre en compte la complexité et la multidimensionnalité de la pauvreté. Depuis 2010, un nouvel indice de pauvreté multidimensionnel (IPM), appliqué sur plus de 100 pays, intègre des indicateurs des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement. Nous l'avons appliqué sur des données d'enquêtes ménages en panel sur un intervalle de trois ans dans un bas-quartier d'Antananarivo, véritable trappe résidentielle des populations pauvres.
- Published
- 2016
40. Additional micromineral Mn and Cu in ration to rumen biofermentation activities of sheep in vitro method
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Farida Fathul and Sitti Wajizah
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lcsh:Agriculture ,NH3 ,pH ,DMD ,lcsh:S ,OMD ,lcsh:Animal culture ,VFA ,lcsh:SF1-1100 - Abstract
Ruminants need micro mineral for both their own requirements and rumen microbe activities. The objective of this research was to study the effect of Mn, Cu, and its combination addition in ration on the activity of in vitro fermentation using sheep rumen liquid. This research was conducted at Laboratory of Ruminant Nutrition Faculty of Animal Science Bogor Agricultural Institute. The rations were R0 = basal ration; R1 = basal ration + 40 ppm Mn; R2 = basal ration + 10 ppm Cu; dan R3 = basal ration + 40 ppm Mn + 10 ppm Cu. The result indicated that addition of Mn, Cu, or Mn+Cu did not significantly influence (P>0.05) pH, NH3, bacteria and VFA; but they significantly increased (P
- Published
- 2010
41. Management of Oligometastatic Disease in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
- Author
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West H
- Subjects
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung therapy, Humans, Lung Neoplasms therapy, Neoplasm Metastasis, Prospective Studies, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung complications, Lung Neoplasms complications
- Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer with very limited extent of metastatic spread commonly is termed, oligometastatic disease (OMD), and typically described as no more than 3 to 5 lesions. Definitive local therapy potentially leads to significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival. OMD may occur de novo prior to initiation of systemic therapy or as an induced state after initiation of systemic therapy. Although prospective data are limited to small trials, they have consistently supported local therapy as an appropriate consideration if not a clear standard of care for well-selected patients. Several trials in OMD are ongoing., Competing Interests: Disclosure The author has nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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42. Post-Muskoka.
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Landrivon, G., Aboubaker, S., Nkurunziza, T., Habimana, P., and Grimaldi, C.
- Abstract
Copyright of Médecine et Santé Tropicales is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
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43. Boosting OMD for Almost Free Authentication of Associated Data
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Serge Vaudenay, Reza Reyhanitabar, and Damian Vizár
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Authenticated encryption ,Discrete mathematics ,associated data ,Boosting (machine learning) ,CAESAR competition ,Computer science ,OMD ,Algorithm ,performance - Abstract
We propose pure OMD (p-OMD) as a new variant of the Offset Merkle-Damgard (OMD) authenticated encryption scheme. Our new scheme inherits all desirable security features of OMD while having a more compact structure and providing higher efficiency. The original OMD scheme, as submitted to the CAESAR competition, couples a single pass of a variant of the Merkle-Damgard (MD) iteration with the counter-based XOR MAC algorithm to provide privacy and authenticity. Our improved p-OMD scheme dispenses with the XOR MAC algorithm and is purely based on the MD iteration; hence, the name “pure” OMD. To process a message of \(\ell \) blocks and associated data of a blocks, OMD needs \(\ell +a+2\) calls to the compression function while p-OMD only requires \(\max \left\{ \ell , a\right\} +2\) calls. Therefore, for a typical case where \(\ell \ge a\), p-OMD makes just \(\ell +2\) calls to the compression function; that is, associated data is processed almost freely compared to OMD. We prove the security of p-OMD under the same standard assumption (pseudo-randomness of the compression function) as made in OMD; moreover, the security bound for p-OMD is the same as that of OMD, showing that the modifications made to boost the performance are without any loss of security.
- Published
- 2015
44. La Chine, les OMD et la société de petite prospérité
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Pairault, Thierry, Chine, Corée, Japon (CCJ), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)
- Subjects
China ,société de petite prospérité ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O19 - International Linkages to Development • Role of International Organizations ,小康社会 ,moderately prosperous society ,moderately prosperous society,China,MDGs,société de petite prospérité,OMD,Chine,千年发展目标,小康社会 ,JEL: Z - Other Special Topics/Z.Z1 - Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology/Z.Z1.Z13 - Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology • Social and Economic Stratification ,OMD ,千年发展目标 ,JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty ,MDGs ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O5 - Economywide Country Studies/O.O5.O53 - Asia including Middle East ,Chine - Abstract
Despite some apparent participation in major operations launched by international organisations such as the Millennium Development Goals, China has always been keeping its own counsel, introducing its own standards, developing its own objectives and establishing its own schedules. Thus China has initiated a strategy to develop a moderately prosperous society opposing in a way the vision of the World Bank., Malgré une apparente participation aux grandes opérations lancées par les organisations internationales comme celle des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement, la Chine est toujours restée sur son quant-à-soi introduisant ses propres normes, élaborant ses propres objectifs et établissant son propre calendrier. C'est ainsi qu'elle a initié une stratégie en vue d'élaborer une société de petite prospérité s'opposant dans une certaine mesure à la vision de la Banque mondiale.
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- 2015
45. International law and sustainable development : the mixed record of the MDGs and partnerships for development
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Keita, Diene, Unite mixte de recherche en droit comparé (UMRDC), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, and Camille Kuyu Mwissa
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,MDG ,Développement durable ,Sustainable development ,Aide au développement ,Accord de Lomé ,OMD ,Gouvernance ,NEPAD ,Partnership ,Partenariat - Abstract
All African countries agree that human development is a fundamental aspiration of the peoples of the region and the governments that represent them. So they all adopted the Millennium Declaration. However, overall progress has been below expectations. Between 1990 and 2000, African countries averaged only 10 per cent of the Millennium Development Goals, instead of the 40 per cent required to be on the right track. The global analysis of MDG monitoring shows that 4 countries have reached a number of specific targets and that more than one third of the countries of the subregion could reach the main objectives, particularly in the areas of schooling, nutrition, and access to clean water. Other countries, on the other hand, could face real difficulties in meeting the challenges without effective and lasting support from the international community. Despite the mixed record of partnership agreements, many experts believe that achieving the MDGs in Africa cannot be achieved without international partnerships. Hence the need to maintain the sense of realism that is to ask for the financial, technological and intellectual assistance that can bring the industrialized countries, especially those of the European Union and the United States of America , and to shift the burden of implementing the sustainable development of states towards the citizens through the dedication of "public-private" partnerships and "states / civil societies".; L'ensemble des pays d'Afrique s'accorde sur le fait que le développement humain est une aspiration fondamentale des peuples de la région et des gouvernements qui les représentent. Ainsi ont-ils tous adopté la Déclaration du Millénaire. Cependant les avancées d'une manière générale ont été en deçà des attentes. Entre 1990 et 2000, les pays africains n'ont atteint en moyenne que 10% des objectifs du Millénaire, au lieu des 40% nécessaires pour être sur la bonne voie. L'analyse globale du suivi des OMD montre que 4 pays ont atteint un certain nombre de cibles spécifiques et que plus d'un tiers des pays de la sous-région pourrait atteindre les principaux objectifs notamment dans les domaines de scolarisation, de la nutrition, et de l'accès à l'eau potable. Les autres pays par contre pourraient connaître de réelles difficultés à relever les défis sans un soutien effectif et durable de la communauté internationale. Malgré le bilan mitigé des accords de partenariats, de nombreux spécialistes estiment que l'atteinte des OMD en Afrique ne peut s'envisager sans des partenariats internationaux. D'où la nécessité de conserver le sens du réalisme c'est-à-dire de solliciter le concours financier, technologique et intellectuel que peuvent apporter les pays industrialisés, en particulier ceux de l'Union Européenne et des États-Unis d'Amérique, et déplacer la charge de la mise en œuvre du développement durable des États vers les citoyens et ce au travers la consécration des partenariats «publics-privés» et « États/Sociétés civiles».
- Published
- 2014
46. Forging a Template for Sustainable Rural Development: The Araku Way
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David Hogg and Diana Joseph
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CHR ,agricultura sostenible de bajos insumos externos ,crédits carbone ,MDG ,Patta ,comité de développement rural ,coordinador hortícola rural ,GPS ,VDC ,livelihoods ,ODM ,VHC ,CDR ,système de positionnement mondial ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,village horticultural coordinator ,global positioning system ,OMD ,millennium development goal ,créditos de carbono ,low external input sustainable agriculture ,comité de desarrollo rural ,objetivo de desarrollo del milenio ,LEISA ,carbon credits ,coordinateur horticole rural ,sistema de posicionamiento global ,lcsh:H ,Adivasi ,objectif du millénaire pour le développement ,village development committee ,agriculture durable à faibles intrants externes - Abstract
India, as in most parts of the world, suffers from forest depletion. The marginalised communities dependent on these forests for their sustenance and well-being are the most affected. The Forestry Department's post-colonial regulations further exacerbate the plight of these people – they have long since lost their sense of shared custodianship of forest and as consequently their nutrition and livelihoods are severely challenged. Under these stressful circumstances there is no incentive to preserve or restore the remaining forest cover. This trend needs to be reversed. This programme outlined is designed to facilitate bringing forests and forest ecosystems to these communities within their own lands. It is this template that is designed to be implemented as the livelihoods and nutritional security panacea. The Adivasi community in Araku already has a robust food cropping rhythm that is subsistence by nature. However the realities of modern life mandate that there is sufficient cash income for health, educational and other purposes. In consultation with the Adivasi community Naandi Foundation evolved a horticultural development template on marginal, unproductive community lands to enrich their local nutrition, their ecosystem and augment the farmer’s disposable income. The Araku Valley Livelihood Programme [Naandi Foundation/Livelihoods Fund/Mahindra social enterprise initiative] aims to demonstrate and evolve this template in the tribal communities of Araku nestled in the northeast region of the state of Andhra Pradesh adjacent to Orissa. Here in this mineral rich eastern mountain range of peninsular India this social enterprise partnership with the Adivasi (original inhabitants) community is creating a community portfolio of fruit and forest trees that will sustain a healthy carbon rich ecosystem and new found prosperity. Naandi Foundation has been working in the field of education, health care and coffee with the Araku marginalised communities since 2001. Naandi assisted the community with their coffee plantations to ensure the quality was upgraded and they got good access to markets for their produce. In 2010 Araku tribal farmers evinced interest in restoring their ecosystem by restoring forests of fruit trees that would yield nutritious fruits and cash income from the sale of the extra produce. In collaboration Naandi /Livelihoods Fund/ Mahindra and Mahindra and the tribal community drew up a plan to plant out 6000 hectares of fruit, forest and coffee trees over a first phase five year period pre-financed by the Livelihoods Fund and Mahindra. Naandi is facilitating the supply of the quality trees, assisting in establishing local tree nurseries, training farmers in horticulture while the community provides their marginal lands and pledges their time for planting and protecting the trees. Despite logistical issues of coordinating 300 village communities and collecting baseline and GPS data the programme is now successfully into its third year. So far 2.4 million trees on 6000 hectares have been planted and nurtured successfully. The entire tree planting will be completed 2012/13 after which over a 2 year period till 2014 monitoring and assessment mechanisms will be developed to ensure the sustainability of this 20 year programme. Coffee saplings are to be planted in year four and five ie 2013 & 2014. The goal is sustainable livelihoods pre-financed by anticipated carbon credits. It is an integration of community mobilisation through village development committees, agro-forestry and LEISA agronomical practices. By providing initial support to this tribal agricultural community the aim is to make viable its artisanal farming. This support is multi-fold – in equitable market access, in nutritional support/advice especially for mother and child via education initiatives, through support for affordable energy, and access to finance – this cultural change we call the “Araku Way”. L’Inde, comme la plupart des régions du monde, souffre de l’épuisement des forêts. Les communautés marginalisées qui dépendent de ces forêts pour leur subsistance et leur bien-être sont les plus touchées. Les réglementations postcoloniales du Service des Forêts ne font qu’exacerber encore davantage la détresse de ces populations – celles-ci ont d’ailleurs perdu plus depuis longtemps leur sens de la protection partagée de la forêt, si bien que leur alimentation et leurs moyens de subsistance sont gravement compromis. Dans ces circonstances contraignantes, il n’existe aucun programme de préservation ou de restauration du couvert forestier restant. Cette tendance doit s’inverser. Le programme présenté ici a été conçu pour faciliter l’intégration des forêts et des écosystèmes forestiers sur les terres appartenant à ces communautés. C’est ce modèle qui a été prévu pour être mis en œuvre comme la panacée en termes de moyens de subsistance et de sécurité nutritionnelle. La communauté Adivasi dans la vallée d’Araku affiche déjà un rythme de production des cultures vivrières soutenu qui assure la subsistance par la nature. Toutefois, les réalités de la vie moderne obligent à disposer de fonds suffisants pour financer la santé, l’éducation et d’autres secteurs. En consultation avec la communauté Adivasi, la Fondation Naandi a mis au point un modèle de développement horticole pour les terres marginales et improductives de la communauté visant à enrichir leur alimentation locale et leur écosystème, et à augmenter le revenu disponible des agriculteurs. Le programme Araku Valley Livelihood Project [initiative conjointe des entreprises sociales Fondation Naandi/Livelihoods Fund/Mahindra] a pour objet de mettre en œuvre et de développer ce modèle au sein des communautés tribales de la vallée d'Araku, basées dans la région du nord-est de l’Etat d’Andhra Pradesh, à la frontière de l’Orissa. Là-bas, dans ce massif montagneux riche en minéraux situé à l’est de l’Inde péninsulaire, le partenariat entre ces entreprises sociales et la communauté Adivasi (population indigène) est en train de créer un portefeuille communautaire d’arbres fruitiers et d’espères forestières qui maintiendra un écosystème sain riche en carbone et assurera une prospérité nouvelle. La Fondation Naandi travaille avec les communautés marginalisées de la vallée d’Araku dans les domaines de l’éducation, de la santé et de l’exploitation de café depuis 2001. Elle a aidé ces communautés à améliorer la qualité de leurs plantations de café et à obtenir un accès équitable au marché pour vendre leur production. En 2010, les agriculteurs indigènes de la vallée d’Araku ont manifesté leur intérêt pour la restauration de leur écosystème à travers la plantation d’arbres fruitiers, qui produiraient des fruits nourrissants et généreraient des revenus grâce à la vente des excédents de production. En collaboration avec Naandi/Livelihoods Fund/Mahindra & Mahindra, la communauté indigène a donc élaboré un plan prévoyant la plantation de 6 000 hectares d’arbres fruitiers, d’espèces forestières et de caféiers sur une première période de cinq ans préfinancée par le Livelihoods Fund et Mahindra. Naandi se charge de fournir des arbres de qualité, aide à mettre en place des pépinières locales et forme les agriculteurs à l’horticulture, tandis que la communauté fournit ses terres marginales et consacre son temps à la plantation et à la protection des arbres. Malgré les problèmes logistiques qu’impliquent la coordination de 300 communautés rurales et le recueil des données de référence et GPS, le programme entame avec succès sa troisième année. A ce jour, il a permis de planter et de faire pousser 2,4 millions d’arbres sur 6 000 hectares. La phase de plantation des arbres s’achèvera en 2012/13 puis pendant deux ans, jusqu’en 2014, des méthodes de surveillance et d’évaluation seront mises au point afin d’assurer la durabilité de ce programme sur 20 ans. De jeunes plants de café doivent être plantés durant les quatrième et cinquième années, soit en 2013 et 2014. L’objectif de ce programme est d’avoir des moyens de subsistance durables préfinancés par les crédits carbone anticipés. Il s’agit d’une intégration de la mobilisation de la communauté à travers des comités de développement rural, l’agroforesterie et les pratiques agronomiques de l’agriculture durable à faibles intrants externes (LEISA). En apportant un soutien initial à cette communauté agricole indigène, l’objectif est de rendre son agriculture artisanale viable. Ce soutien est multiple : accès équitable au marché ; aide/conseils nutritionnels, en particulier pour les mères et les enfants, via des initiatives éducatives, aide pour une énergie accessible et accès aux financements. Un changement culturel que nous avons baptisé la « Méthode Araku ». La India, como muchas otras regiones del mundo, experimenta una pérdida de masa forestal. Las comunidades marginadas que dependen de estos bosques para su sustento y bienestar son las más afectadas. Los reglamentos postcoloniales del Departamento Forestal exacerban aún más la difícil situación de estos pueblos – desde hace mucho tiempo han perdido su sentido de custodia compartida de los bosques y consecuentemente su nutrición y sus medios de subsistencia se han visto gravemente perjudicados. En estas estresantes circunstancias no hay ningún aliciente para preservar o restaurar la masa forestal restante. Es necesario invertir esta tendencia. El programa descrito se ha diseñado para facilitar la incorporación de los bosques y los ecosistemas forestales a estas comunidades dentro de sus propias tierras. Se trata de un modelo diseñado para implementarse como una panacea de los medios de subsistencia y la seguridad nutricional. La comunidad Adivasi en Araku ya tiene un enérgico ritmo de cultivo de alimentos que es la subsistencia por naturaleza. No obstante, las realidades de la vida moderna exigen que haya suficientes ingresos en efectivo para sanidad, educación y otros fines. En consulta con la comunidad Adivasi, la Fundación Naandi ha creado un modelo de desarrollo hortícola en tierras marginales e improductivas de la comunidad para enriquecer su nutrición local, su ecosistema y elevar los ingresos de los agricultores. El Araku Valley Livelihood Programme [iniciativa de los emprendedores sociales Fundación Naandi/Livelihoods Fund/Mahindra] pretende probar y desarrollar este modelo en las comunidades indígenas de Araku, situadas en la región del nordeste del estado de Andhra Pradesh, junto a Orissa. En esta cordillera rica en minerales situada al oeste de la India peninsular, esta asociación entre emprendedores sociales y la comunidad Adivasi (habitantes autóctonos) está creando una cartera comunitaria de árboles frutales y especies forestales que mantendrá un saludable ecosistema rico en carbono y una nueva prosperidad. La Fundación Naandi lleva trabajando con las comunidades marginadas de Araku desde 2001en materia de educación, sanidad y café. Naandi ayudó a la comunidad a mejorar la calidad de sus plantaciones de café y así comercializar su producción. En 2010, los agricultores indígenas de Araku mostraron interés en restaurar su ecosistema repoblando los bosques con árboles frutales que proporcionaran frutas nutritivas e ingresos en efectivo por la venta del excedente de producción. La comunidad indígena junto con Naandi /Livelihoods Fund/ Mahindra y Mahindra elaboró un plan para plantar 6.000 hectáreas de frutales, especies forestales y plantas de café a lo largo de un primer periodo de cinco años con la financiación previa de Livelihoods Fund y Mahindra. Naandi facilita el suministro de árboles de calidad, ayuda a crear viveros locales y forma a los agricultores en horticultura, mientras que la comunidad aporta sus tierras marginales y su tiempo para plantar y proteger los árboles. A pesar de los problemas logísticos que supone coordinar 300 comunidades y recopilar los datos de referencia y de GPS, el programa ya lleva tres años funcionando satisfactoriamente. Hasta ahora se han plantando y cultivado 2,4 millones de árboles en 6.000 hectáreas. Todos los árboles se habrán plantado en 2012/13 después de lo cual, en el periodo de dos años que va hasta 2014, se desarrollarán mecanismos de control y evaluación para garantizar la sostenibilidad de este programa a 20 años. Las plantas jóvenes de café se plantarán en los años cuatro y cinco, es decir, en 2013 y 2014. El objetivo es unos medios de subsistencia sostenibles prefinanciados por créditos de carbono anticipados. Es una integración de la movilización de la comunidad a través de comités de desarrollo rural, la agrosilvicultura y las prácticas agronómicas de la agricultura sostenible de bajos insumos externos (LEISA, por sus siglas en inglés). Al proporcionar una ayuda inicial a esta comunidad agrícola indígena el objetivo es hacer viable su agricultura artesana. Esta ayuda es múltiple: en un acceso equitativo al mercado, en ayuda/soporte nutricional especialmente para madres e hijos a través de iniciativas de educación, a través de ayuda para una energía asequible y acceso a financiación. Se trata de un cambio cultural que denominamos el “Modo Araku”.
- Published
- 2013
47. Atteindre les OMD dans les PMA et autres pays vulnérables : Où en sommes-nous?
- Author
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Boussichas, Matthieu, Coudert, Benjamin, and Gillot, Claire
- Subjects
I38 ,O11 ,E61 ,ddc:330 ,OMD ,F35 ,I32 ,PMA - Abstract
Ce document propose un bilan factuel des Objectif du Millénaire pour le Développement (OMD) pour les Pays les Moins Avancés (PMA), les Pays en Développement Sans Littoral (PDSL) et les Petits Etats Insulaires en Développement (PEID), et compare les résultats obtenus par chaque catégorie à ceux des pays en développement hors-PMA.
- Published
- 2013
48. Improving Trade Finance In Low Income Country: A WTO Priority
- Author
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Auboin, Marc
- Subjects
ODD ,ddc:330 ,OMD ,Pays vulnérables - Published
- 2013
49. Quelle efficacité de l'Aide Publique au Développement ? Le cas du Ghana
- Author
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Ben Saad, Myriam, Université de Toulon - UFR Sciences économiques et de gestion (UTLN UFR SEG), Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Yusuf Kocoglu
- Subjects
aide publique au développement ,OMD ,éducation ,santé ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,croissance ,pauvreté - Abstract
15; Suite aux travaux des économistes Harrod et Domar, le concept d'aide publique au développement prend une nouvelle tournure vers les années 60, notion clé qui devient imminente dans les économies en développement et revient ainsi sur le devant de la scène, donnant sens et dynamisme aux principales finalités de l'aide dans le sommet du Millénaire. La présente étude se propose de mener une réflexion sur l'impact de l'aide publique au développement (APD) sur la croissance et sur la réduction de la pauvreté, en lien notamment avec les effets de l'APD sur la santé et l'éducation. En d'autres termes, sous quelles conditions l'APD a-t-elle un impact significatif sur le Pib/tête ? Nous focaliserons notre mémoire sur l'Afrique subsaharienne et plus particulièrement sur les effets de l'APD au Ghana, région faisant figure de pôle de dynamisme dans une sous-région vulnérable et instable.
- Published
- 2012
50. Multidisciplinary Aerospace System Design: Principles, Issues and Onera Experience
- Author
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Defoort, S., Balesdent, M., Klotz, P., Schmollgruber, P., Morio, J., Hermetz, J., Blondeau, C., Carrier, G., Bérend, N., ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Toulouse], ONERA, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Meudon], and André, Cécile
- Subjects
[INFO.INFO-PF]Computer Science [cs]/Performance [cs.PF] ,[INFO.INFO-PF] Computer Science [cs]/Performance [cs.PF] ,OPTIMISATION MULTIDISCIPLINAIRE ,[SPI.MECA.MEFL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph] ,OMD ,COUPLAGE AERONAUTIQUE ,[SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph] - Abstract
International audience; With the increasing complexity of aerospace systems, it has become more and more necessary to adopt a global, integrated approach from the very early steps and throughout the design process. Tightly coupling aerodynamics, propulsion, structure, trajectory, guidance and navigation, while also taking into account environmental and societal constraints, as well as manufacturability, reliability and maintainability, is a huge challenge. The field of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) provides some answers on how to integrate increasing knowledge into the design process, while reducing the design cycles. It consists in a core of key methodologies, such as multi-disciplinary problem formulation and decomposition, optimization under uncertainties and surrogate based high-fidelity tool integration, which are validated and enriched through confrontation with various kinds of design studies.The aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to give a clear view of the challenges at stake and the key difficulties that must be overcome and, on the other hand, to focus on some significant studies and achievements at Onera over the past decade, either on tools and methods, or on dedicated applications, illustrating the progress made and the challenges to come.
- Published
- 2012
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