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This work proposes a new hybrid bidirectional standard single mode fiber (SSMF)/free space optical (FSO) dual polarization quadrature amplitude modulation (DP‐QAM) employing optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). An optical multicarrier generator (OMG) source is utilized. The suggested model is simulated using VPI photonics software. Thirty‐two optical OFDM channels are used; each carrier's 30 Gbps information data with DP‐QAM are employed to improve the performance of the fifth‐generation passive optical network (5G‐PON) for downstream and upstream transmission. In addition, 16‐QAM signals are used in DP. The impact of continuous wavelength (CW) lasers and high data rates in the proposed 5G‐PON has been investigated for DP‐QAM‐OFDM. The results reveal 0.96 Tb/s and 0.1 Tb/s for the downstream and upstream directions, respectively, under different turbulence effects. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the proposed model can achieve an SSMF length and FSO propagation ranges of 20 km and 2 km, respectively, with the symbol error rate (SER) (<10−9) and error vector magnitude (EVM) (<0.186). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article relies on the intellectual framework of "national role conceptions" to explain Nigeria's wide‐ranging international obligations. Although Nigeria has a rich foreign policy literature, this framework is rarely directly employed in analyzing the country's many external engagements and the motives behind them. Nigeria has always assumed international roles that are in tandem with its fundamental foreign policy objectives. These roles are inspired by the identities that the country has constructed and projected for itself overtime and the expectations of peers (or other actors). Nigeria's constructive external engagements and role performance notwithstanding, there have been some misalignments. These include the sorry state of Nigeria's foreign missions, domestic contradictions, and the fact that Nigeria has sometimes behaved sluggishly in its role performance. This work recommends that Nigeria's diplomatic missions must be adequately financed, the domestic contradictions leading to disputation over foreign policy roles must be addressed, and Nigeria must overcome its occasional complacencies in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La deuda soberana es un instrumento mediante el cual los Estados acceden a recursos para financiar proyectos comprendidos en los planes nacionales de desarrollo, por lo que repercute notablemente en el porvenir de sus ciudadanos. Sin embargo, los mecanismos, principios e instituciones de las finanzas globales actuales no garantizan un entorno financiero estable y equitativo que fomente el crecimiento impulsado por la inversión en desarrollo. En materia de deuda soberana, su tratamiento se ha caracterizado por la ausencia de un mecanismo multilateral, universal, capaz de garantizar un enfoque oportuno para negociaciones justas, transparentes y duraderas. Puesto que no existe configuración institucional permanente para la acción coordinada entre deudores y acreedores, el sistema actual de gestión de la deuda soberana se muestra fragmentado, disperso e inequitativo. En este escenario, la diversificación de los instrumentos de deuda soberana, la complejización en la composición de los acreedores, el agravamiento de la crisis de deuda y el limitado alcance de las iniciativas internacionales actuales han determinado, en el período 2019-junio de 2024, la necesidad de un mecanismo multilateral para la negociación de la deuda soberana.

Recensión del libro: FERNANDO CHICA ARELLANO, Ecologia integrale e diplomazia dei valori. La Santa Sede per l’alimentazione dell’umanità. Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino, 2024, 76 pp. ISBN 978-88-498-8091-5

Mirando hacia atrás, pueden identificarse cinco fases en la historia de los derechos de la persona. La fase de la primera teorización hunde sus raíces en la cultura grecorromana precristiana y, al situar a la “persona” en el centro del debate jurídico, se extendió por toda la cultura europea en una continuidad sustancial hasta el siglo XVIII. La fase de codificación es deudora, a partir del siglo XIII, de las tradiciones constitucionales inglesa y africana y, a partir del siglo XVIII, de las tradiciones constitucionales norteamericana y francesa. Por su parte, la fase de internacionalización comenzó con la creación de la Sociedad de Naciones (1919) y condujo gradualmente a la desaparición de la noción predominante hasta entonces de que el tratamiento del individuo correspondía a la “jurisdicción nacional” de cada Estado-nación. La fase de universalización comenzó con la creación de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (1945) y condujo (con la proclamación de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos en 1948) a un nuevo orden internacional, en el que los derechos de la persona tendían a afirmarse no sólo “dentro” de los Estados, sino también “contra” ellos. Por último, la filosofía ingenua inicial de la fase de globalización era que el desarrollo del comercio fomentaría por sí mismo la cooperación entre los pueblos y, con ella, la afirmación progresiva de los derechos individuales. De cara al futuro, es necesario partir del hecho de que la época actual se caracteriza por la dificultad de reunir ordenamientos jurídicos no homogéneos, a falta de un ordenamiento jurídico global unitario, en el que los derechos individuales y los deberes de solidaridad se sitúen en una relación universal y complementaria. En este contexto, el problema de la validez del sistema de protección, afirmado por las Naciones Unidas al final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la necesidad de pensar en un consejo de seguridad organizado de otra manera son más actuales que nunca. Por otra parte, es necesario abordar la llamada “cuestión antropológica” y preguntarse quién es la persona humana, titular de los derechos, que se quiere afirmar solemnemente.

Social entrepreneurship initiatives have drawn attention due to the presence of structures and institutional arrangements of hybrid characteristics, sometimes closer to the business sector (business), sometimes closer to non-profit organizations (social). This work demonstrates the historical incursion that allowed us to understand the genesis of social business as a current practice in business-society relations. It seeks to foster the debate about the social and business in order to advance in the discussions of these relationships that occur in the organizational practices of impact business (NI). In this sense, the research presented here is part of the field of critical cultural studies, presenting a part of research based on the Grounded Theory (Glaser; Strauss, 1967). An internet search was carried out, following daily for 36 months, news, articles and new utterances on the terms “negócio social”, “social business” and “negócios de impacto”. The results critically discuss the processes of rationalization and modernization generated from the social production of hybrid organizational identities. The historical panorama of the impact sector that was outlined in the research, evidenced the socioeconomic trajectory of “social business” and, serving as a methodological resource, allowed us to envision the imbrication (social-business) as a historical change. The imbrication between social and business is shown as innovation in business practice and evidences a cultural paradigm that has been built over the last 75 years. It should be highlighted that such changes are directly influenced by Global Development Governance (GGD). The new business practices, based on social business, are the ultimate expression of this paradigm and this cultural change results in new types of business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ler Historia is the property of Ler Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Gestão & Tecnologia is the property of Revista Gestao & Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Long band (L-Band) passive optical networks (PONs) are attracting a lot of attention these days, thanks to rising capacity demands. Because of PONs requesting more and more channels, fault detection/monitoring is critical. Fault detection in the conventional band (C-Band) employing reflecting Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) and a probe signal integrating an additional amplified spontaneous noise (ASEN) source has been frequently demonstrated. However, interference occurs when ASEN and transmitter signals are in the same wavelength band, and adding additional ASEN sources to the network raises the overall cost. So, in L-Band PONs, a cost-effective, low-complexity fault detection/monitoring system is required. Therefore, in this work, a fault detection/monitoring system for L-Band PON using C-Band ASEN from inline erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and dual purpose FBG, i.e. (1) ASEN reflection for fault monitoring and (2) dispersion compensation is proposed. A 4 × 10 Gbps L-Band PON is investigated over 40 km feeder fiber (FF) and 1 km drop fibers (DFs) that serve 32 optical network units (ONUs)/different input powers, dispersion values, and laser linewidths in terms of reflective power of FBGs, eye opening factor, and bit error rate (BER), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) is very competent next generation multiplexing technique and is becoming popular among researchers these days. In this research article, an integrated passive optical network (PON) using MDM and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is proposed at 25 Gbps over 3 km multimode fiber (MMF) link distance. For MDM, diverse Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) such as LG12, LG15, LG18, LG111 and LG114 are incorporated and also for cost reduction, vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is located in optical line terminal (OLT). Performance of diverse advanced modulations such as compressed spectrum return to zero (CSRZ), duo-binary return to zero (DRZ) and modified duo-binary return to zero (MDRZ) is evaluated and compared with non-return to zero (NRZ) in terms of Bit error rate (BER) at varied MMF link lengths. Results revealed that CSRZ performance stand out and NRZ provide worst performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, a new 5G Passive Optical Network (5G-PON) employing all-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (AO-OFDM) is proposed in hybrid bidirectional standard single mode fiber (SSMF)/free space optical (FSO). Additionally, an optical frequency generator (OFG) source is utilized. The proposed model is simulated using VPI photonics software. Analytical modeling and simulations have been conducted for a new approach to generate OFG by cascaded two-frequency modulators and one electro-absorption modulator. A sinusoidal RF signal source is utilized to drive all these modulators. The results reveal that 64 optical multiplexed carriers with a frequency spacing of 30 GHz are generated. These optical carriers have power variations of < 1 dB. Moreover, the center wavelength of the generated OFG can be tuned from 1300 nm for upstream transmission to 1577 nm for downstream transmission in the proposed 5G-PON. The proposed network achieves 960 Gbps and 10 Gbps for the downstream and upstream directions, respectively, under different turbulence effects. Furthermore, when 32 AO-OFDM channels are used, the simulation results show that the proposed model can achieve a SSMF length and FSO propagation ranges of 20 km and 2 km, respectively, with bit error rate (BER) ( < 10 - 3 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Por la posición estratégica que ocupaba la Organización de las Naciones Unidas en la estructura de las relaciones internacionales Este-Oeste, los conflictos armados y el proceso de descolonización en el mundo posterior a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, consideramos muy necesaria la entrevista realizada al embajador Raúl Roa Kourí, quien posee una extensa hoja de servicios en la diplomacia cubana revolucionaria, la cual incluye la representación de Cuba ante las Naciones Unidas en dos ocasiones, que abarcan el periodo que concierne nuestro estudio. También, desde la ONU, en el periodo comprendido entre 1961 y 1991, Cuba hizo importantes y decisivas contribuciones a la solución de asuntos de alta complejidad política y militar concernientes a la lucha por la independencia nacional de los países africanos.

RESUMO O presente trabalho apresenta um análise crítica do relatório “Nosso Futuro Comum”, produzido pela Comissão Mundial sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, criada pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), e toma por base outros estudos sobre o meio ambiente e desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que apesar do relatório apresentar erros constantes nos conceitos utilizados, elabora uma metodologia na busca de soluções para as questões da deterioração ambiental resultante do atual processo de desenvolvimento.

A importância de se discutir a gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos se justifica pela imprescindibilidade deste bem natural para a vida no planeta, que se encontra ameaçado pela escassez, em decorrência de sua finitude. Nesse contexto, destaca-se o Aquífero Guarani, importante reserva de água subterrânea na América do Sul, compartilhada por vários países. Ele desempenha um papel crucial na sustentabilidade hídrica da região, fornecendo recursos essenciais para abastecimento público, atividades agrícolas e industriais. No entanto, sua exploração não regulamentada e a contaminação representam ameaças significativas à sua preservação e disponibilidade futura. Assim, é fundamental adotar medidas eficazes de proteção e gestão, em conformidade com legislações nacionais e os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável estabelecidos pela comunidade internacional, a fim de garantir não apenas o acesso atual à água, mas também sua sustentabilidade a longo prazo, visando o bem-estar das comunidades e a saúde dos ecossistemas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focused on the novel design of receiver side of wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON). It serves the need for a dramatic change in demand for high data rate beyond 10 gigabits per second (Gbps) at the last mile for a larger coverage area or distance. This increase in demand for higher bandwidth is due to the emerging future technologies like Internet of things (IoT), silicon on chip (SoC), cloud computing, machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI). Simulation results demonstrated for the different coverage areas which compare the bit error rate (BER), quality (Q)-Factor, and eye height as per the guidelines of ITU-T. It has been predicted that the proposed WDM-PON design supports up to a distance of 60 km. Results have been verified for 40 km, 50 km, 60 km, and 70 km, respectively, at 100 GHz frequency spacing with acceptable BER and better quality (Q)-factor as defined by ITU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente artigo, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa e revisão bibliográfica, busca analisar como a prática do advocacy desempenhado pelas ONGs junto aos órgãos de proteção dos direitos humanos no sistema onusiano, principalmente através da leitura de relatórios alternativos, auxilia no combate do descumprimento dos tratados internacionais pactuados pelos Estados-parte através da atuação denominada “truque de ilusionista”. O “truque de ilusionista” refere-se a artimanhas usufruídas pelos Estados para dissimular a realidade dos fatos em seus relatórios enviados à ONU com o intuito de reafirmar os acordos convencionados através de uma ótica própria. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar como a advocacy das ONGs efetiva os direitos humanos, especialmente com relação as questões de gênero, ao frustrar o “truque de ilusionista” exercido pelos Estados. Sobretudo, como a atividade das Organizações Não-Governamentais de realizarem relatórios alternativos para serem expedidos aos comitês da ONU podem influenciar na análise dos relatórios oficiais remetidos pelos Estados-parte. Para a execução de tal exame, recorreu-se a leitura de publicações que versassem sobre a referida temática sob um viés qualitativo. Concluir-se que a advocacy das ONGs desempenha um papel chave dentro do sistema onusiano de direitos humanos e um mecanismo eficaz no monitoramento de violações desses direitos.

La República Popular China se ha destacado como una potencia en crecimiento, sirviendo de modelo para naciones menos desarrolladas que anhelan un mundo más equitativo y justo. Su enfoque en el desarrollo sostenible promueve la paz, la amistad, la inclusión y la cooperación mutua, alineándose con su política exterior que respeta la soberanía y la integridad territorial de otros países, se oponen a cualquier forma de hegemonismo, así como de la mentalidad de Guerra Fría y de la intervención en los asuntos internos de otras naciones. La Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta es un proyecto de gran importancia que busca objetivos comunes con la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU. Un estudio comparativo de ambos proyectos, visto a través del análisis de contenido de los discursos del presidente Xi Jinping en el periodo 2013-2017, revela el compromiso de China con los principios de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, así como la coincidencia de la Agenda 2030 con los objetivos de desarrollo de la Iniciativa. Este enfoque equilibrado e integrado en las dimensiones económica, social y ambiental también refleja la idea de desarrollo sostenible del gigante asiático.

Neste artigo, discutiremos o processo que levou ao encerramento da MINUSMA, operação de paz de estabilização realizada pela ONU no Mali entre 2013 e 2023, e faremos uma breve análise conjuntural desse momento de retirada, considerando seus desdobramentos tanto em relação à situação política no país, quanto aos abusos e violações de direitos humanos sofridos pela população civil, tendo em vista que a estabilidade e a proteção de civis estavam entre os principais objetivos da missão quando foi desdobrada. Metodologicamente, o trabalho se baseia na análise qualitativa de dados sobre o desempenho da MINUSMA no Mali ao longo de seu mandato, e sobre a situação política no país hoje, com foco na ocorrência de episódios violentos e fatalidades, em possíveis avanços relacionados ao processo político de resolução do conflito e à proteção de civis. As principais fontes utilizadas foram documentos e relatórios da própria ONU, de organizações não-governamentais e institutos de pesquisa sobre o Mali, de forma geral, e sobre as atividades e o processo de retirada da MINUSMA, especificamente.

Este artigo explora a análise habermasiana dos pressupostos para a paz na obra A Paz Perpétua de Kant. Habermas parte da ideia kantiana sobre a federação dos povos e o direito cosmopolita para discutir os fundamentos teóricos e jurídicos das organizações supranacionais que possam garantir a paz global na atualidade. Para Habermas, os Estados nacionais encontram-se diante de problemas que transcendem os limites territoriais, unindo a humanidade, paradoxalmente, numa comunidade involuntária de risco. Diante desse cenário, a atual estrutura tradicional de poder estatal interno tem-se demonstrado incapaz de apresentar soluções satisfatórias, bem como os atuais organismos supranacionais, que necessitam ser reformulados.

Sucesivas coyunturas globales, caracterizadas por episodios de crisis económica, guerras y desastres ambientales, no son más que expresiones de una crisis acelerada del sistema mundo capitalista, la civilización surgida de sus lógicas y contradicciones, y de la destrucción que produce sobre la naturaleza. En esa perspectiva, las coyunturas, entendidas como momentos excepcionales provocados por hechos concretos, deben comprenderse en estos tiempos como parte de períodos e incluso fases de la crisis, pues comparten líneas de continuidad que van formando tendencias y futuros (¿no futuros?) posibles.

El camino hacia la igualdad de género es tortuoso. La claridad de los textos y la rotundidad de los argumentos, todavía y en más ocasiones de las esperadas, se desmontan a la velocidad de un simple chasquido cuando los y las juristas que conocen los casos reales no alcanzan a pulsar el verdadero significado de las normas jurídicas aplicables y oponen, de facto, resistencias al despliegue de los derechos e intereses legítimos de las mujeres debido a una cultura judicial errática que se resiste a la evolución jurídica social y económica conforme al Derecho objetivo. La cuestión por repensar entonces es, ¿a qué se debe este desfase entre la teoría y la realidad que, además, jurídicamente no se da en otros ámbitos?

Sesenta años después del fallecimiento de Martínez Barrio y Giral, exponemos sus experiencias en el exilio republicano con especial atención a dos variables: praxis política y vivencias personales. Con ese objetivo, los inicios de nuestro análisis se sitúan en su paso a Francia en febrero de 1939, dentro del cortejo que acompañó en su salida de España a Manuel Azaña. Desde entonces, iniciaron un peregrinaje profesional con coincidencias en su primera etapa: fijaron residencia en México y ahí protagonizaron la restauración de las instituciones republicanas. Posteriormente estuvieron alejados geográficamente el uno del otro, pero cercanos en la amistad y en su acendrado republicanismo. Principios a los que nunca renunciaron, como tampoco a sus deseos de ver derrocado el régimen franquista y restaurada la República en España. Sus sensaciones, cuando no amargura, al no ver hechos realidad esos objetivos se describen en estas páginas, tras la consulta de una documentación inédita.

La Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur le Changement Climatique (CCNUCC) instance de politique internationale créée à Rio de Janeiro en 1992 a défini les moyens de lutte contre le changement climatique. Le choix s'est porté sur la réduction du réchauffement futur par la baisse des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, d'où le Protocole de Kyoto. Fin 2009, la réunion de Copenhague chargée de penser l'après Kyoto, l'après 2012 a donc polarisé à tort les plus grandes espérances quant à la refondation d'une gouvernance mondiale.

In this article, we will discuss the process that led to the ending of MINUSMA, the stabilisation peace operation carried out by the UN in Mali between 2013 and 2023, and we will make a brief conjunctural analysis of this moment of withdrawal, considering its consequences both in terms of the political situation in the country and the abuses and human rights violations suffered by the civilian population, bearing in mind that stability and the protection of civilians were among the mission's main objectives when it was deployed. Methodologically, the work is based on a qualitative analysis of data on MINUSMA's performance in Mali throughout its mandate, and on the political situation in the country today, with a focus on the occurrence of violent episodes and fatalities, possible advances related to the political process of conflict resolution and the protection of civilians. The main sources used were documents and reports from the UN itself, non-governmental organizations and research institutes on Mali in general and on MINUSMA's activities and withdrawal process specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal relations between the Holy See and the United Nations are examined from both from a formal point of view, linked to the permanent observer State status it has had since 1964, and from a substantive point of view, intended to highlight some of the salient contents imprinted by the Holy See on its presence in the Organization. The spiritual mission and the desire to remain extraneous to competitions between States have marked the Holy See's participation in the multilateral dialogue, giving it a unique scope and meaning, in the sign of respect for the human being and his dignity in all circumstances - a direction that pertains also to the normative evolution of the international order. Salient aspects of the Holy See's contribution to the UN are the reminders of the value and necessity of the Organization, as the principal forum for multilateral cooperation; of the value and necessity of respecting in good faith international legality, summarized in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, as the condition of coexistence; of the value and necessity of remembering that the ultimate goal of every political entity is the protection of the human person, as an individual and in the social groups where her existence develops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Comunicação Midiática is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes e Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Vie et Sciences de l'Entreprise is the property of ANDESE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To fulfill the future demand for high data rate, novel research has been carried out which provides high-performance and secured communication from the optical line terminal (OLT) to the optical network unit (ONU). Results have been incorporated with simulations in optical simulation software called Opti-system. Gain and power estimation has been considered for long reach using wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON). This method evolves with time and extends to mobile, local area, and metro area access networks. Finally, it has been predicted that the system data rate can reach (2.5 × 8) 20 gigabits per second (Gbps) up to a maximum of 80 km (km). The distance limit for larger data speeds (i.e., 5Gbps or 10 Gbps) was 80 km with a power of 30 dBm. A higher data rate of 40 Gbps per channel was achieved successfully at 30 km, i.e., a maximum data rate from 80 Gbps (10 × 8) to 320 Gbps (40 × 8) can be achieved with novel optimized WDM-PON architecture. Bit error rate (BER), quality (Q) factor, and eye height have limited within the acceptable range as per international telecommunication union (ITU) standards to achieve and fulfill the future demand of 5G (generation) or 6G-based applications at the last mile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aequitas: Journal of Human Development, Disability & Social Change / Revue de Développement Humain, Handicap et Changement Social is the property of Reseau international sur le Processus de production du handicap, RIPPH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neste trabalho objetivamos abordar o tema população e fome, os indicadores da insegurança alimentar no Brasil e no mundo e como os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) podem ser um caminho a seguir para auxiliar na erradicação da fome. Para construir este artigo, utilizamos abordagens do tipo qualitativa e quantitativa. A princípio, realizamos um estudo bibliográfico, um levantamento teórico-metodológico e também foram coletados e analisados dados secundários a partir de relatórios e sites como o do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), ONU e Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura (FAO). Concluímos que algumas variações populacionais mudaram nas últimas décadas: a fecundidade diminuiu e a população aumentou; e que, com esse aumento populacional, também aumentou a oferta de alimentos. No entanto, há ainda em muitas partes do globo pessoas que sofrem com a insegurança alimentar grave, isto é, a própria fome; e no Brasil os dados mostram que esse índice continua a crescer.

"Nuestra Agenda Común" surge como una respuesta integral a los desafíos globales contemporáneos, como la pandemia de COVID-19, conflictos y cambio climático. La iniciativa aboga por la implementación de acuerdos existentes, incluyendo los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), con un llamado al multilateralismo liderado por las Naciones Unidas. Mientras tanto, la "Nueva Agenda de Juventudes" se centra en los desafíos específicos que enfrentan las generaciones jóvenes tras la pandemia. Busca abordar brechas sociales, promover la salud mental, adaptarse a la digitalización y maximizar los ODS. Destaca la propuesta de la "Cumbre del Futuro" como un punto clave de "Nuestra Agenda Común", programada para septiembre de 2024. Se espera que esta cumbre genere un "Pacto por el Futuro" para abordar diversas áreas de preocupación global. La "Nueva Agenda de Juventudes" y la Cumbre del Futuro se complementan, con especial énfasis en la participación juvenil, la educación digital y el desarrollo de habilidades.

Os Arquivos Pessoais são ricas fontes de conhecimentos diversos para os pesquisadores, sejam seus interesses na perspectiva cultural, individual ou institucional. Este trabalho é uma análise do Arquivo Almirante Álvaro Alberto, sob salvaguarda do Centro Interunidade de História da Ciência da Universidade de São Paulo, bem como de seu multifacetado personagem principal e seus principais feitos. Partindo da perspectiva do trabalho com fontes primárias para uma História da Ciência e da Técnica, apresentamos alguns ângulos do Arquivo e da vida de Álvaro Alberto (1889-1976).

El presente artículo apunta al análisis de varios aspectos claves en las relaciones entre Cuba y la España franquista durante la presidencia en la isla de Carlos Prío Socarrás. En concreto, el período seleccionado, 1948-1952, se caracterizó por sus altos momentos de tensión y por el colapso de todas las esperanzas del envío de un embajador a Madrid, a pesar de la alineación del Gobierno cubano a las directrices norteamericanas en el naciente mundo bipolar de la Guerra Fría y de la progresiva disminución de los enconados enemigos del régimen franquista en el continente americano.

The first decades of the 21st century have been the scenario of shocks and crises of global scope that revealed the failures and contradictions of the current multilateral cooperation system. The United Nations Organization is experiencing a critical momentum that puts into question its existence. Secretary General Antonio Guterres proposed to the General Assembly to convene a Future Summit to be held in September 2024. The initiative aims to be a catalyst to give new impetus to the 2030 Agenda and contribute to the improvement of global governance. The objective is to adopt a Future Pact to achieve the existing development agendas such as the 2030 Agenda or the Paris Agreement on climate change and to make the necessary changes to preserve Peace and Security. This article examine what the main shortcomings of the system are, which are the main obstacles to a major reform and how the Future Summit could contribute to overcoming them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the Sustainable Development Goals define the goals that were defined to be achieved by the signatory member countries to reach by 2030 with the purpose of reducing indicators to promote equality and equity for all. Objective: to describe the path taken towards the adoption of the 2030 Agenda, from its antecedents, main concepts and innovations, resulting in a fundamental and guiding element in the formulation of public policies. Methods: study based on secondary sources of literature relevant to the topic, considering articles from national and international journals and recent productions on the Sustainable Development Goals Results: the challenges of internalizing the Sustainable Development Goals, with the definition of national goals and indicators, addresses the challenges and setbacks in their implementation, especially with the national reorientation aimed at fulfilling the 2030 Agenda from this year onwards, especially in light of mid-cycle assessments, to take place this year. Conclusion: the demobilization in the adoption of the 2030 Agenda at the Federal level, from 2019 onwards, as the global political scenario of successive crises has severely impacted the fulfillment of the agreed objectives, an accelerated effort to resume policies is necessary, involving public agents, civil society and academia, so that the second half of the time frame for implementing the 2030 Agenda is more assertive and achieves the proposed objectives and goals, without effectively leaving anyone behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Indias is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 27ª Conferência do Clima da Organização das Nações Unidas pouco avançou nas metas para redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa. Sob a lente da justiça climática, este artigo explora como as mulheres, embora tenham sua participação no debate climático global muito aquém da esperada, são as que mais sofrem com os efeitos climáticos. Aponta, também, como o protagonismo feminino pode contribuir com soluções, a partir da revisão de documentos oficiais e de entrevistas com brasileiras que defendem territórios, modos de vida e direitos intergeracionais.

Resumen Este artículo estudia el derecho humano a la salud de las mujeres migrantes desde la perspectiva de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), especialmente en el contexto de la Pandemia. La metodología utilizada es la del análisis documental de fuentes primarias oficiales de dos organismos internacionales de este sistema en relación con la materia: el Comité sobre Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales de la ONU (CDESC) y la Relatoría Especial de la ONU sobre derechos humanos de los migrantes. Conocer y evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones, las preocupaciones y las recomendaciones sobre estos derechos a los países miembros de la ONU se presenta como una importante herramienta para la planificación y gestión de las acciones de protección y promoción de la salud en un momento de la pandemia. El derecho a la salud de las mujeres migrantes se halla garantizado de manera robusta por las decisiones y documentos oficiales de ambos organismos internacionales.

Han surgido muchos cuestionamientos sobre este tema, sobre todo por las personas que han decidido no otorgar su consentimiento hasta no contar con la información adecuada y/o vacuna más efectiva que les otorgue confianza para realizarlo. Para el actual tema es necesario realizar una indagación en las normas jurídicas internacionales y locales, sociales y médicas, utilizando la metodología inductiva y deductiva que nos servirán como base orientador para el tema en concreto.

O artigo descreve o estado de desenvolvimento da comunicação como um contributo para a Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas em sustentabilidade e o seu impacto nas organizações. A metodologia foi qualitativa, transversal e descritiva/hermenêutica, aplicada a entrevistas semiestruturadas a especialistas latino-americanos em comunicação e sustentabilidade. Conclui-se que há um impacto maior nas grandes empresas, onde mais discurso do que ação se destaca. A comunicação é fundamental e a sustentabilidade tem de ser desenvolvida. Há outras questões emergentes, como as exigências sociais.

En 2015, Naciones Unidas promulgó los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y la Agenda 2030, un plan de acción orientado a mejorar la vida de las personas y del propio planeta. El Gobierno de España adquirió en 2018 el compromiso de que, en 2020, el 100% de la población del país conocería esta iniciativa. El objetivo de esta investigación es medir la eficacia de las campañas de comunicación sobre este tema realizadas entre 2015 y 2022, detectando las características de los perfiles que saben poco y mucho sobre esta cuestión, y también qué canales lideran su difusión. La metodología se ha basado en la realización de una encuesta a una muestra representativa de la población española (n=400). Los principales resultados muestran que la mayoría de la ciudadanía admite un conocimiento muy bajo. También que la recurrencia en los canales de difusión es muy baja, pese a que admite un mayor conocimiento a través de los medios de comunicación y la publicidad institucional, frente a las redes sociales y la comunicación de las empresas. Como conclusión, se corrobora que las campañas realizadas hasta la fecha han resultado no ser eficaces y/o han sido insuficientes.

Copyright of Fronteira: Revista de Iniciacao Cientifica em Relacoes Internacionais is the property of Instituto de Ciencias Sociais, Departmento de Relacoes Internacionais, PUC Minas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)