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Artificial intelligence (AI) tools have seen widespread adoption in the sales function. However, the pace of adoption means that sales researchers are often several steps behind the business world. A way to alleviate some of these concerns is to provide a practical, yet up-to-date understanding of AI in sales. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript is to clarify what AI is, the role of AI in sales, and its implications for multiple stakeholders in the sales organization (i.e. salespeople, sales managers, organizations, and customers). To achieve this objective, the authors provide an up-to-date examination of business practices that are interwoven with practitioner and academic literature. Next, based upon exploratory interviews with eighteen practitioners, the authors discuss challenges and opportunities that can arise due to AI adoption. Finally, the authors provide directions for future exploration of AI in the sales domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are useful ways to characterize varying employment systems? This article returns to an older idea, Internal Labor Markets (ILMs). The traditional assumption characterized ILMs as the core of the labor market but current thinking argues that ILMs have frayed. Little direct measurement has been carried out, however, and both viewpoints have relied on proxies or case studies. The author utilizes a new survey of employed US workers to provide an estimate of the incidence of ILMs and finds that between 25 and 40% percent of adult workers are in ILMs. The article then elaborates theory regarding the practices of ILMs, a theory grounded in the idea of complementary bundles of human resource practices, and asks what are the correlates of being in an ILM. Findings show that although wages in ILMs are no higher than non-ILM wages, ILMs are positively associated with other aspects of job quality and attitudes across the board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article empirically examines the research on digital strategy, addressing its temporal evolution, sources of scientific production, countries and organizations generating knowledge, and the topics investigated. It highlights key authors and journals from 1991 to 2023, contributing to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9. Methodologically, traditional bibliometric laws and computational tools (VOSviewer software version 1.6.18) were applied for data processing. The results show an exponential increase in publications from 2005 to 2022 with a critical mass in digital strategy studies, concentrated in 11 journals and 83 authors with two or more publications. The main organizations leading scientific production in this field are in the USA. Finally, the primary Web of Science categories for the leading journals are Business, Management, and Psychology. The research examines the use and adoption of digital strategies in marketing, the impact of digital transformation on business models, and the challenges it poses for human resources. In addition, the challenges arising from the impact of COVID-19, the rise of artificial intelligence, and the integration of digital strategies in public administration should continue to be addressed. Finally, digital transformation is a topic of increasing interest in digital strategy studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 1 diabetes is an invisible disability requiring major life changes and constant monitoring. It can become particularly challenging to control during a major life transition. This study examines the composition and nature of the social networks of college students living with type 1 diabetes. A total of 17 respondents with type 1 diabetes and 18-25 years of age participated in network interviews. Network Canvas facilitated online data collection. The results show that efforts to protect the wellbeing of college students with T1D require active participation of university organizations and certain individuals from students' formal and informal connections. Such connections define students' support networks in college and provide access to social capital. Practical implications and recommendations for university leadership and students' parents are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource shortages unfold unequally, often affecting the most socially disadvantaged people and exacerbating preexisting inequalities. Given that most resources are obtained through organizations, what role do organizational processes play in amplifying inequalities during shortages? I argue that workers engage in a practice I term flexible austerity. Flexible austerity describes how resource shortages become opportunities for decision-makers to more readily rationalize unequal resource allocation. I develop this concept by drawing on an ethnography of an urban academic hospital and leveraging data from before and during a nationwide shortage of medical intravenous (IV) opioids. I show that prior to this shortage, clinicians disproportionately assessed Black patients' pain as "undeserving" of IV opioids, but they allocated these resources liberally because they felt constrained by evidence-based clinical best practices guidelines. During the shortage, clinicians constructed resource scarcity as necessitating austerity practices when treating Black patients, yet they exercised flexibility with White patients. This widened care disparities in ways that may have been detrimental to Black patients' health. Based on these findings, I argue that resource shortages amplify inequalities in organizations because they provide new "colorblind" justifications for withholding resources that allow workers to link ideas of deservingness to allocation decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the arts sector, with artists struggling to maintain employment and arts organizations reducing or eliminating programming. The pandemic also highlighted existing inequities in the arts, particularly in terms of geography, race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and socioeconomic status. A special issue of the American Behavioral Scientist journal explores these inequities and presents new empirical evidence to inform debates and policies in the arts. The issue covers topics such as funding inequities, cultural equity, participation rates, and the role of sexual orientation in the artist labor market. The articles emphasize the need to address systemic and institutional-level inequalities in the arts. [Extracted from the article]

This study examines strategies employed by university administrators and managers to gain compliance from subordinates even as they attempted to increase their workload. These strategies have received comparatively little attention within organizational studies of compliance. The participants in our study included employees at a public university in the Midwest identifying themselves as either "staff/faculty" or "managers/administrators." Our findings indicate that when administrators and managers are unable to use formal rewards and punishments they attempt to gain compliance from subordinates through two main strategies that we identify as overtures and interactional trebuchet. Both strategies represent a sequence of interaction that we refer to more generally as "boundary work"—a set of activities through which boundaries on time, resources, and workload are defended or diminished, and for which we provide a model. We draw upon organizational, symbolic interactionist, and dramaturgical theories in the analysis of our data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparency is a complex and multifaceted communication phenomenon. In the current environment, demands for organizational transparency now come from a wide range of entities we term visibility agents, ranging from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and global networks, on one hand, to activist coalitions and automated surveillance agents, on the other. We develop a framework to conceive of such visibility agents and the range of transparency demands that they make in the context of environmental issues, positing that visibility agents significantly shape and diversify transparency practices. We identify four major relationships between visibility agents and organizations— inquisitorial, adversarial, associative, and advocative —which are associated with specific kinds of transparency demands, requests, and imperatives: accountability, monitoring, disclosure, and secrecy. We illustrate each set of relationships with examples of environmental reporting practices, one of the most prominent areas of transparency management. Implications for both theory and research on transparency are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Between 2017 and 2022, it was carried out research on the management of cultural heritage organizations in the Colombian Caribbean. Caught our attention the quantity and quality of cultural organizations built in Valledupar, Colombia, in comparison to larger cities, and with greater economic resources. Objective: In this study we attempt to identify the economic support ecosystem in the cultural heritage organizations of the city of Valledupar (Cesar, Colombia) and, based on in-depth interviews, formulate postulates about the forces that have facilitated the development of a rich and complex cultural ecosystem, despite the scarcity of resources. Methodology: Social network analysis ARS was used, based on the methodology of Organizational life stories. Results: the relationship dynamics of seven cultural heritage organizations are shown. The network of support that organizations use to survive were represented, which allow them to improve management and strengthen their relationship systems for financing, learning and access to new services and resources. The SNA methodology allowed us to identify the greatest supports, the type of networks, and the development possibilities of the organizations analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What factors shape different levels of pro-government mobilization in authoritarian regimes? The existing literature has considered the threat of anti-regime protests as the primary driver of pro-government mobilization. While we confirm this finding in the literature, we argue that the regime's organizational infrastructure significantly contributes to pro-regime mobilization. We identify places of worship, university campuses, and state bureaucracy as three main sites where states could extend their organizations for pro-government mobilization. Previous scholarship has considered universities and places of worship as free spaces for oppositional activities, but we argue that states might try to penetrate these sectors to extend their organizational reach. The statistical analyses of our original data on pro-government mobilization in Iran from 2015 to 2019 at the district level (n = 429) provide robust support for this argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politica: Tidsskrift for Politisk Videnskab is the property of Politica: Tidsskrift for Politisk Videnskab and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation: Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates whether the success of salary history bans could be limited by job-seekers volunteering their salaries unprompted. We survey American workers in 2019 and 2021 about their recent job searches, distinguishing when candidates were asked about salary history from when they were not. Historically well-paid workers may have an incentive to disclose, and employers who are aware of this could infer that nondisclosing workers are concealing low salaries. Through this mechanism, all workers could face pressure to avoid the stigma of silence. Our data shows a large percentage of workers (28%) volunteer salary history, even when a ban prevents employers from asking. An additional 47% will disclose if enough other job candidates disclose. Men are more likely than women to disclose their salaries unprompted, especially if they believe other candidates are disclosing. Over our 1.5-year sample covering jurisdictions with (and without) bans, unprompted volunteering of salary histories increased by about 6–8 percentage points. Funding: This work was supported by W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation (Emerging Scholars Program). Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17384. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While nonspeech communication and "metaphorical" silence (in opposition to voice) have benefited from a considerable academic attention, less is known about quiet environments and the intentional practice of silence. We theorize these silences as potential catalysts of internal and collective reflection. Such silences can strongly impact individual and organizational processes and outcomes, notably in the workplace. The meaning, valence, and effects of these silences are highly context- and perspective-dependent. By characterizing and studying these silences and their effects, we show how they are functional or dysfunctional to individuals or organizations. These silences can notably serve as emotion regulators and generate an environment favorable to individual and collective decision making. Examining what is lost by individuals and organizations due to a lack of these silence and what can be gained with a better harnessing of their power is promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of positive psychological capital on the relationship between occupational stress and organizational commitment in physician assistant nurses. Methods: The participants were 152 physician assistant nurses recruited from two university hospitals. Data was collected through a survey. The SPSS/WIN program (version 25.0) was used for the data analysis. Data was analyzed using descriptive stastics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression. Results: There was a significant negative correlation organizational commitment and occupational stress (r=-.57, p<.001), and a positive correlation with positive psychological capital (r=.47, p<.001). There was a negative correlation (r=-.32, p<.001) between occupational stress and positive psychological capital. In addition, positive psychological capital had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between occupational stress and organizational commitment (β=.32, p<.001). Conclusion: Positive psychological capital serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between occupational stress and organizational commitment among physician assistant nurses. The results of this study can be used reduce occupational stress and improve organizational commitment by improving the positive psychological capital of physician-assistant nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By studying organizational creations, this article documents the reform trajectory of a non-Western country from 1947 to 2018, using a comparative analytical framework for the operationalization of reform trends on an original dataset – PSAD. Pakistan has paralleled Western world in following the ideal-type reforms without entirely shifting to the new models. Context matters, but the type of government – civilian or military – has not made vivid difference. No one reform type was pushed away; instead, country moved beyond hierarchies and markets creating blends, staging the co-existence of NPM with hierarchies and networks at its 40th. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public child welfare system is plagued with high turnover, which is consistently associated with job-related stress. However, the COVID-19 pandemic introduced challenges that impact both the work and caseworkers' decision to stay in their job. To better understand stressors and intention to stay amid the COVID-19 pandemic, one state-level agency implemented a survey, completed by forty-eight percent of public child welfare caseworkers in the state. The current analysis employs multinomial logistic regression to predict intention to stay in the job and in the field and narrative analysis to describe caseworker experiences. Expanding on prior research, findings suggest that caseworker perception of an organization's response to COVID-19 challenges is associated with a caseworker's intent to leave. Further, this study highlights the distinction in commitment to the field compared to commitment to one's job, introduces challenges associated with work during the COVID-19 pandemic, and describes worker-identified benefits of those work changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This issue of American Behavioral Scientist deals with the various ways in which different kinds of organizations cope with the manifold challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Together, these articles map the challenges and opportunities encountered by a variety of organizations in a major public health crisis. The first section of the issue takes up the theme of adaptive crisis response in relation to two different kinds of organizations. This section begins with a comprehensive overview of U.S. nonprofit organizations' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The second article expands on the theme of communication practices in organizations using digital communication platforms which facilitate constructive forms of disagreement or "creative conflict." Both of these articles indicate the potential positive outcomes of entrepreneurial organizational response. In the next section, we turn to organizational responses hampered by digital inequalities. The first article addresses digital inequalities and eLearning during the pandemic in the country of Pakistan. The next article also uses a digital inequalities framework to probe infrastructural inadequacies faced by the criminal justice system in terms of hindrances to external communication for incarcerated populations during the pandemic. This pair of articles underscores the importance of infrastructure as a necessary element of successful crisis response. The third section of the issue continues with case studies of carceral institutions with the first article offering insight into strategies used by incarcerated people to generate a sense of normality despite pandemic disruptions. Finally, the issue closes with an article revealing the delicate balancing act which rural U.S. law enforcement carried out when competing imperatives made it extremely difficult to manage public health and public safety simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a systematic review of some of the research streams characterizing the body of leadership literature on public sector leadership as informed by traditional leadership journals. It notes that the public sector is extensively studied by leadership scholars. Among the research streams found in that scholarship are administrative leadership, political leadership, and reforms/innovations. It also proposes directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheating is a major concern for any gaming environment, but effective solutions are still far from being found. Previous research has overlooked the social complexity of current video games and the role that technology may have in determining the cheating practices. In this article, we explore how cheating unfolds within Call of Duty: Warzone through a digital ethnography, analyzing the perspectives of both amateur players and video game streamers and how technology shapes the cheating phenomenon. We highlight that players' perception of cheating depends on the "social role" of the cheater. Moreover, the technological sophistication of cheats makes them uncertain in the players' eyes, contributing to the spreading of mutual suspicion and surveillance practices. Based on these findings, we offer a novel understanding of cheating as a sort of black box that only a few individuals are able to decipher, and several design considerations addressing the cheating practices in contemporary games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ED has been increasingly recognized as a key setting for suicide prevention. Zero Suicide (ZS) is an aspirational goal to eliminate suicide for all patients within a health care system through utilization of best practices. However, there has been limited exploration of ZS implementation within the ED. As ED nurses play an important role in suicide prevention through their close contact with patients at risk for suicide, ZS implementation would benefit from tailored strategies for ED nurse leadership. We describe the ZS framework and provides strategies for nurse leaders to adapt each ZS component in the adult ED. • Research highlights the importance of emergency department-based suicide prevention. • Zero Suicide is a framework for continuous quality improvement in suicide prevention. • ED nursing staff can adapt evidence-based practices to support Zero Suicide efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health & Nursing Management / Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi is the property of Logos Medical Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extensive research reveals employer biases against workers with career disruptions, particularly those related to caregiving. However, the effectiveness of organizational practices intended to mitigate such biases is less well understood. This study examines the use of COVID- 19 impact statements in tenure decisions at research universities, an organizational intervention that was designed to reduce biases but raised concerns that it might inadvertently amplify them. Contrary to concerns about unintended consequences, a pre-registered survey experiment with 602 full professors in STEM fields reveals that the inclusion of impact statements leads to more favorable tenure evaluations, regardless of faculty gender and disruption type. Qualitative evidence suggests that perceptions of pandemic-related disruptions as legitimate, externally imposed, timelimited events in the past help circumvent previously documented biases. This study enhances our understanding of organizational practices that effectively mitigate biases and points to the potential role of narrative framing in workplace evaluations and organizational inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context: Organizations constantly strive to protect their assets from outsider attacks by implementing various security controls, such as data encryption algorithms, intrusion detection software, firewalls, and antivirus programs. Unfortunately, attackers strike not only from outside the organization but also from within. Such internal attacks are called insider attacks or threats, and the people responsible for them are insider attackers or insider threat agents. Insider attacks pose more significant risks and can result in greater organizational losses than outsider attacks. Thus, every organization should be vigilant regarding such attackers to protect its valuable resources from harm. Finding solutions to protect organizations from such attacks is critical. Despite the importance of this topic, little research has been conducted on providing solutions to mitigate insider attacks. Objective: This study aims to develop an organizational readiness model to assess an organization's readiness for insider attacks. Method: We conducted a multivocal literature review to identify practices that can be used to assess organizations' readiness against insider attacks. These practices were grouped into different knowledge areas of insider attacks for organizations. The insider attack readiness model was developed using identified best practices and knowledge areas: compliance, top management, human resources, and technical. Results: This model was evaluated at two levels—academic and real‐world environments. The evaluation results show that the proposed model can identify organizations' readiness against insider attacks. Conclusion: The proposed model can guide organizations through a secure environment against insider attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing creativity in socio-educational organizations facilitates progress towards sustainability, benefiting its professionals and users. The objective of this work is to analyze the creative climate in organizations that intervene with vulnerable groups to promote sustainability through Quality Education (SDG 4), Gender Equality (SDG 5), and Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10). A descriptive–correlational study was conducted with 203 professionals from associations, foundations, and social services councils. The CPPC-17 scale was applied, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, and cluster analysis. The results showed that the professionals presented high levels of creative potential. The opportunity to participate in work groups and the freedom to perform tasks favored creativity in the organizations. The main obstacles to creativity were the lack of incentive to take risks and of rewards for creative ideas. The profile of professionals with high levels of creative climate was mainly composed of association workers and those trained in Education, Psychology, and Speech Therapy. Significant differences were obtained in variables related to the organization (e.g., typology) and in personal variables, such as the academic background of the trainers. These findings should be considered to improve the creative climate in these organizations with a view to providing quality, egalitarian, and equitable education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore prevailing perceptions and practices related to well-being indexes within organizations, using the Better Life Index (BLI) as an example. Design/methodology/approach: This investigation consists of two surveys in Portugal. Study 1 (N = 311) explores public perceptions of well-being in business and its relationship with socio-demographic factors. Results show a highly positive attitude toward organizational well-being, with a preference for companies prioritizing well-being over higher salaries. Study 2 (N = 62) shifts focus to business characteristics linked to the intention of implementing well-being indexes and examines the impact of Study 1 findings on organizational representatives' responses. Findings: The findings reveal a positive and statistically significant correlation between the intention to adopt well-being indexes and both company size and sector. The dissemination of Study 1's results acted as a catalyst for organizational representatives, motivating them to adopt well-being indexes. Research limitations/implications: This research marks an initial step in incorporating well-being indexes in organizational settings. Future research should focus on identifying organizational factors that could hinder or encourage the adoption of well-being indexes. Practical implications: The results contribute to understanding which factors might be relevant when deciding whether and how to measure well-being at organizations. Originality/value: This study highlights the potential effectiveness of these indexes in promoting well-being within organizations, while also examining the feasibility of using the BLI to assess the impact of businesses on various well-being dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comprehensive systematic review explores the multifaceted impacts of electric vehicle (EV) adoption across technological, environmental, organizational, and policy dimensions. Drawing from 88 peer-reviewed articles, the study addresses a critical gap in the existing literature, which often isolates the impact of EV adoption without considering holistic effects. Technological advancements include innovations in the battery technology and energy storage systems, enhancing EV performance and mitigating range anxiety. The environmental analysis reveals substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, with lifecycle assessments showing significant reductions for EVs compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, particularly when charged with renewable energy sources. Key comparisons include lifecycle emissions between mid-size battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), and global average lifecycle emissions by powertrain under various policy scenarios. The organizational implications are evident, as businesses adopt new models for fleet management and logistics, leveraging EVs for operational efficiency and sustainability. Policy analysis underscores the crucial role of government incentives, regulatory measures, and infrastructure investments in accelerating EV adoption. The review identifies future research areas such as efficient battery recycling methods, the potential impact of EVs on grid stability, and long-term economic implications. This study offers insights for stakeholders aiming to foster sustainable transportation and achieve global climate goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article outlines ideas for a methodology of collaborative theorizing. The first part introduces our understanding of theorizing as a craft that provides all scholars in the social sciences and humanities – not just self-described theorists – with the ability to develop their thinking in the course of the research process and draws attention to everyday research practices that are usually not covered by the literature on qualitative and quantitative research methods. 'Theorizing together,' as part of this craft, can be understood as a synergetic mode of theory-making geared to harnessing the advantages of everyday collaboration. The second part makes the case for a methodology of theorizing together built on personal experiences. First, we review our own research on rankings to show how collaborative practices allowed us to gain novel insights into an object of study, which would not have been possible had we done our research separately. Then, we offer preliminary ideas for a methodology. Specifically, we identify a number of practices involved in theorizing together and discuss various challenges and conditions associated with it. Our main goal is to inspire others to share their experience with collaborative work and, in the spirit of theorizing together, to further develop this mode of collective inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CONTEXT: Given the impact of environmental pollution on health and health inequity, there may be substantial value in integrating assessment and response to pollution into nonprofit hospital community benefit processes. Such hospital engagement has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVES: We take a preliminary step of inquiry in investigating if nonprofit hospitals in New York State (NYS) assess, identify, or respond to environmental pollution as part of community benefit processes. DESIGN: This study is of retrospective, observational design. Data were abstracted from community health needs reports (2015-2017), associated implementation plans, and related IRS (Internal Revenue Service) filings from a randomly geographically stratified selection of NYS nonprofit hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: The sample includes 53 hospitals from 23 counties. The sampling frame consists of NYS nonspecialty private nonprofit hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dichotomous findings for the following: (1) engagement of environmental pollution in the process of assessment of community health needs; (2) environmental pollution concern identified as a priority community health need; (3) strategic planning present to address pollution identified as community health need; and (4) action taken on same. RESULTS: We found that 60.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.74) of hospitals evidenced some form of assessment of environmental pollution and 18.9% (95% CI, 0.09-0.32) identified pollution as a priority community health need. However, no hospital went on to take independent or collaborative planning or action to address pollution. In additional analysis, we found that social justice in hospital mission was a positive predictor of assessment of environmental pollution. CONCLUSIONS: For NYS hospitals, we found a substantial presence of assessment and identification of pollution as a community health concern. Our finding of the absence of response to environmental pollution represents a gap in community benefit implementation. This indicates a yet untaken opportunity to address racial and economic environmental health injustices and to improve population health.

Abstract Background The Brazilian supplementary health market has undergone transformations in recent years due to constant mergers and acquisitions of by large corporations, contributing to the increase in market concentration, especially in the poorest and least developed regions of the country. Thus, given the care it provides and its economic relevance, understanding the fundamentals of these movements, the likely consequences and trends for the health market are relevant, important, and strategic. Objective To understand the general and specific context of Brazilian supplementary health, its scenarios, and trends, with emphasis on the analysis of market concentration and recent mergers and acquisitions. Methodology The research is applied, descriptive and exploratory and uses secondary data from various sources, submitted to quantitative data analysis methods. The data are organized into three groups: historical and regulatory documents; industry data; and market. Results The results show the growing concentration of the market promoted by large publicly traded corporations, the growing relevance of tech startups on the healthcare landscape, the predominant use of the relative valuation model, with implicit multiples for asset pricing and the prevalence of corporate health plans. Conclusion The growing concentration of the system projects a market with fewer options and less competitiveness, since the growth of large operators is evident, in addition to the relevant increase in the number of complaints from users of the system, which signals the growing gap between the expectations of users and the levels of quality care offered. The study also highlights the predominance of corporate health plans, revealing the direct relationship between access to supplementary health services and employability rates. The analysis of M&A operations, in addition to the increase in market concentration, reveals the prevalence of the use of the relative valuation model and implicit multiples for the pricing of traded assets. This denotes the future expectation of wealth generation, at least equivalent to the historical series of the sector, on the part of investors, whose frustration may signal the decreasing attractiveness of resources and M&A operations in the sector in the coming years.

Background: Healthcare systems and hospitals encounter numerous challenges in the organ donation process.Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the organizational challenges associated with organ donation.Methods: A qualitative content analysis was conducted from February to September 2023. Purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were employed with 14 family members and staff involved in the organ donation process in northwestern Iran. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis based on the approach proposed by Lundman and Granheim.Results: The analysis revealed the overarching theme of "organizational challenges of organ donation," which encompassed five categories and twenty-three codes. The categories identified were "Insufficient Resources", "Insufficient Cultural Development", "Professionals Who Waste Opportunities", "Low Organizational Sensitivity", and "Depreciated Human Resources".Conclusion: Medical and healthcare organizations play a crucial role in the organ donation process; however, they face significant challenges in this area. To facilitate and expedite organ donation, it is essential to allocate more funding, provide appropriate media platforms, enhance training and cultural development, and improve the management of human resources involved in the organ donation process.

This study investigates the teaching of Differential Equations in engineering education, focusing on expert opinions from diverse institutional backgrounds. The primary objectives were to understand expert perspectives on essential course content, justify their content choices, measure institutional gaps, and highlight the range of professional profiles. Through qualitative interviews with nine experts from academia and industry, we explored their views on the integration of Differential Equations in engineering curricula. The findings reveal a consensus on the importance of basic concepts to support physical models. Notably, experts highlighted variational calculus and energy representations as critical yet underrepresented areas in Differential Equations courses, essential for modeling complex, nonlinear problems. The study also states on the growing importance of computational methods and software in engineering education, advocating for an integrated approach aligning theoretical concepts with real-world applications. The expert opinions revealed a significant institutional influence on content perception, demonstrating a gap between traditional theoretical focus and modern, application-oriented approaches. The study suggests a need for curricular innovation in differential equations education, emphasizing practical applications and computational methods to bridge this gap between the two institutions considered in which the experts are adhered to.

This study explored the impact of the alternative learning activity (ALA) program offered in the Philippine Science High School-Ilocos Region Campus toward students’ leadership abilities. A mixed-methods approach was used to conduct the study through a survey of 132 student leaders affiliated with ALA clubs in the years 2022 to 2024. The results indicated that the participants exhibited strong expertise in communication, critical thinking, character development, citizenship, diversity appreciation, global understanding, and skill development in the measured indicators, suggesting that the ALA program is effective in producing well-rounded leaders. The findings also showed that almost all dimensions of leadership qualities exhibited the strong positive relationships between indicators, indicating their significant relationship and hinting that effective leadership is multidimensional. In ALA clubs, it was found that excellent leadership practices include providing diverse learning opportunities (kataguyod), offering targeted skill training (katuwang), offering mentorship and peer support (kaagapay), provision of leadership support (kalakbay), and inclusivity enhancement (kabahagi). These are beneficial practices, not only instill skills among the members but they also promote personal development. These findings show the importance of specialized leadership training in preparation for varied leadership roles.

Introduction: Between 2017 and 2022, it was carried out research on the management of cultural heritage organizations in the Colombian Caribbean. Caught our attention the quantity and quality of cultural organizations built in Valledupar, Colombia, in comparison to larger cities, and with greater economic resources. Objective: In this study we attempt to identify the economic support ecosystem in the cultural heritage organizations of the city of Valledupar (Cesar, Colombia) and, based on in-depth interviews, formulate postulates about the forces that have facilitated the development of a rich and complex cultural ecosystem, despite the scarcity of resources. Methodology: Social network analysis ARS was used, based on the methodology of Organizational life stories. Results: the relationship dynamics of seven cultural heritage organizations are shown. The network of support that organizations use to survive were represented, which allow them to improve management and strengthen their relationship systems for financing, learning and access to new services and resources. The SNA methodology allowed us to identify the greatest supports, the type of networks, and the development possibilities of the organizations analyzed. Introducción: Entre 2017 y 2022 se realizó una investigación sobre la gestión de las organizaciones del patrimonio cultural en el Caribe colombiano. Nos llamó la atención la cantidad y calidad de las organizaciones culturales construidas en Valledupar, Colombia, en comparación con ciudades más grandes y con mayores recursos económicos. Objetivo: En este estudio intentamos identificar el ecosistema de soporte económico de las organizaciones patrimoniales culturales de la ciudad de Valledupar (Cesar, Colombia) y, a partir de entrevistas en profundidad, formular postulados sobre las fuerzas que han facilitado el desarrollo de un rica y complejo ecosistema cultural, a pesar de la escasez de recursos. Metodología: Se utilizó el análisis de redes sociales ARS, con base en la metodología de Historias de vida organizacionales. Resultados: Se muestra la dinámica de relación de siete organizaciones de patrimonio cultural. Se representaron las redes de apoyo que utilizan las organizaciones para sobrevivir, que les permiten mejorar la gestión y fortalecer sus sistemas de relacionamiento para el financiamiento, el aprendizaje y el acceso a nuevos servicios y recursos. La metodología ARS permitió identificar los mayores apoyos, el tipo de redes, los conflictos y las posibilidades de desarrollo de las organizaciones analizadas.

Extensive research reveals employer biases against workers with career disruptions, particularly those related to caregiving. However, the effectiveness of organizational practices intended to mitigate such biases is less well understood. This study examines the use of COVID-19 impact statements in tenure decisions at research universities, an organizational intervention that was designed to reduce biases but raised concerns that it might inadvertently amplify them. Contrary to concerns about unintended consequences, a pre-registered survey experiment with 602 full professors in STEM fields reveals that the inclusion of impact statements leads to more favorable tenure evaluations, regardless of faculty gender and disruption type. Qualitative evidence suggests that perceptions of pandemic-related disruptions as legitimate, externally imposed, time-limited events in the past help circumvent previously documented biases. This study enhances our understanding of organizational practices that effectively mitigate biases and points to the potential role of narrative framing in workplace evaluations and organizational inequalities.

BACKGROUND: Growing recognition of racism perpetuated within academic institutions has given rise to anti-racism efforts in these settings. In June 2020, the university-based California Preterm Birth Initiative (PTBi) committed to an Anti-Racism Action Plan outlining an approach to address anti-Blackness. This case study assessed perspectives on PTBis anti-racism efforts to support continued growth toward racial equity within the initiative. METHODS: This mixed methods case study included an online survey with multiple choice and open-ended survey items (n = 27) and key informant interviews (n = 8) of leadership, faculty, staff, and trainees working within the initiative. Survey and interview questions focused on perspectives about individual and organizational anti-racism competencies, perceived areas of initiative success, and opportunities for improvement. Qualitative interview and survey data were coded and organized into common themes within assessment domains. RESULTS: Most survey respondents reported they felt competent in all the assessed anti-racism skills, including foundational knowledge and responding to workplace racism. They also felt confident in PTBis commitment to address anti-Blackness. Fewer respondents were clear on strategic plans, resources allocated, and how the anti-racism agenda was being implemented. Suggestions from both data sources included further operationalizing and communicating commitments, integrating an anti-racism lens across all activities, ensuring accountability including staffing and funding consistent with anti-racist approaches, persistence in hiring Black faculty, providing professional development and support for Black staff, and addressing unintentional interpersonal harms to Black individuals. CONCLUSIONS: This case study contributes key lessons which move beyond individual-level and theoretical approaches towards transparency and accountability in academic institutions aiming to address anti-Black racism. Even with PTBis strong commitment and efforts towards racial equity, these case study findings illustrate that actions must have sustained support by the broader institution and include leadership commitment, capacity-building via ongoing coaching and training, broad incorporation of anti-racism practices and procedures, continuous learning, and ongoing accountability for both short- and longer-term sustainable impact.

BACKGROUND: This is Part 3 of the first consensus guidelines for optimal care of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy using an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) approach. This paper addresses organizational aspects of care. METHODS: Experts in management of the high-risk and emergency general surgical patient were invited to contribute by the International ERAS® Society. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINE database searches were performed for ERAS elements and relevant specific topics. Studies were selected with particular attention to randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and large cohort studies, and reviewed and graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Recommendations were made on the best level of evidence, or extrapolation from studies on elective patients when appropriate. A modified Delphi method was used to validate final recommendations. RESULTS: Components of organizational aspects of care were considered. Consensus was reached after three rounds of a modified Delphi process. CONCLUSIONS: These guidelines are based on best current available evidence for organizational aspects of an ERAS® approach to patients undergoing emergency laparotomy and include discussion of less common aspects of care for the surgical patient, including end-of-life issues. These guidelines are not exhaustive but pull together evidence on important components of care for this high-risk patient population. As much of the evidence is extrapolated from elective surgery or emergency general surgery (not specifically laparotomy), many of the components need further evaluation in future studies.

How do fathers adjust their working hours after the birth of their first child? Though the impact of childbirth on women's employment is well-established, less is known about its effect on fathers. We investigate this question in the Netherlands (2006–2017), a country characterized by high prevalence of part-time work. We focus on two contexts that might shape the extent to which first-time fathers reduce their working hours after childbirth: the household and the organization. For this purpose, we use detailed longitudinal register data. The results reveal that men's employment displays a high degree of stability around childbirth: even in the Dutch "part-time economy," the vast majority of fathers remain full-time employed. We do find substantial heterogeneity in labor market responses after childbirth. Fathers earning relatively less than their partner pre-childbirth are more likely to scale down their working hours. The organizational gender composition is also associated with work hours reductions following childbirth. Although we find that fathers' employment is contingent on both the household and organizational context, the substantial stability in men's labor supply remains an obstacle to a more equal division of (un)paid labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper theorizes the interplay of public and organizational policies by investigating whether the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) shifted patterns of gender inequality within U.S. workplaces. Did this leave law increase women's representation in positions of authority (moving more women into management jobs)? We argue that the impact of public policies will vary by organizational context, hypothesizing different effects by organizations' points of departure—the corporate policies in place when public policy changes. Analyzing establishment-level panel data from approximately 800 U.S. private-sector establishments in 1990–1997, we found that women's representation in managerial positions increased in the years immediately after the FMLA. Importantly, women's representation in management increased the most in workplaces that provided more generous leave benefits even before the FMLA. The increase in managerial representation was most prominent for women of color. Consistent with relational inequality theory, these findings suggest that women may find it easier to make claims for leave and for career advancement when both legal and organizational policies lend legitimacy to their claims. More broadly, this study points to the need to explicitly evaluate how policy impacts vary by organizational norms and commitments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global outbreak of COVID-19 abruptly upended work and family life. Yet, little is known about how fathers combined paid and unpaid labor during this unprecedented historical period. Drawing on 35 semi-structured interviews with fathers who primarily telecommuted from home, I identify four strategies fathers used to combine paid and domestic labor: interim primary caregiving, egalitarian tag-teaming, transitional tag-teaming, and hands-on traditional fathering. Findings suggest that these work-family strategies primarily depended on wives' physical presence in the home. The fathers who described doing the most domestic labor said their wives worked outside of the home. When wives were physically present in the home, fathers' domestic behavior varied by the extent to which they endorsed the new fatherhood ideal —defining good fathering as involvement in both paid and domestic labor. Yet, change in fathers' domestic behavior was limited. None of the fathers I interviewed described doing most of the domestic labor when their wives were physically present at home. Taken together, fathers' domestic behavior depends on wives' physical presence in the home and their normative perception of men's responsibility to the family, suggesting that fathers do not perceive domestic time availability simply by differences in the couple's paid work hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]