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SUMMARY Licorice is one of the most extensively studied medicinal plants in the world, whose roots and rhizomes have long been used as both a sweetener and an essential component in numerous herbal preparations. However, the genus Glycyrrhiza has a complex composition, and the interspecies chromosomal relationships, origin, and evolution are still largely unclear. Here, we develop a set of whole‐chromosome painting probes that allowed identification of all eight chromosomes of licorice on same metaphase chromosomes. Comparative chromosome painting analyses in seven different Glycyrrhiza species revealed that the genus Glycyrrhiza maintained extraordinarily conserved chromosomal synteny after about 3–12 million years of divergence. No cytologically visible inter‐chromosomal rearrangements were identified in any species. By comparative chromosomal karyotype analyses, we revealed interspecific chromosome evolutionary relationships and dramatic variable chromosomal karyotype after independent divergence and demonstrated that G. prostrate was the most closely related to the ancestral type among the seven Glycyrrhiza species. Furthermore, we also discovered a G. glandulosa seed with distinct triploid‐genome for the first time in China, suggesting the existence of a polyploid evolutionary pathway in the genus Glycyrrhiza, which challenges the previous notion that only diploids of licorice existed in nature. This study expands our knowledge of the chromosome evolution of licorice and will lay an important foundation for the genome origin and evolution studies in the genus Glycyrrhiza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital technology is ubiquitous in the lives of many children and parents. To better understand any influence of technology use by infants, and mothers, on child development, technology use should be considered within the broader family system context in which children develop. This study aimed to investigate associations between infant and maternal technology use and infant 12-month development, taking into consideration other family factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from ORIGINS participants, collected at 12-months of age: maternal and child technology use (TechU-Q), sociodemographic factors (e.g. child sex, household income), parental mental health (DASS-21), and child development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire). Linear regression was used for analyses. Results: When family factors were considered, higher infant mobile touchscreen device (MTSD) use was associated with poorer infant development for gross motor, problem-solving, and total ASQ-3 scores. In contrast there were no associations between infant television (TV) watching or maternal technology use and total ASQ-3 scores. Higher maternal technology use was associated with higher infant technology use. Poorer maternal and paternal mental health were associated with poorer infant development. Poorer maternal mental health was also associated with higher infant TV watching and higher maternal MTSD use. Conclusion: There is a complex relationship between technology use, parental mental health and other family factors that together influence infant development. To improve infant development outcomes, less focus should be on infant or maternal technology use, and more on supporting the family as a whole, and parental mental health in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we review the origin, evolution, and compositional properties of Saturn's ring moons. This class of eleven small satellites includes objects orbiting near the outer edge of the main rings (Pan, Daphnis, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Janus, Epimetheus) and "ring-embedded" moons (Aegeon, Methone, Anthe, Pallene) orbiting inward of Enceladus and associated with either diffuse or partial rings. We discuss current formation scenarios, according to which ring moons could originate either in the main rings from accretion onto original seeds denser than the ring material, or outside the A ring from spontaneous accretion of ring particles, and then evolve outwards due to gravitational torque from the rings. Remote sensing observations of the ring moons from the Cassini mission are analyzed in the broader context of Saturn's icy moons and main rings observations. Spectroscopic data support a compositional paradigm similar to the main rings, dominated by water ice, and smaller amounts of two separate contaminants, in the form of a UV absorber and a spectrally neutral darkening material. Global radial trends in the spectral properties of the ring moons suggest that the surface composition is significantly affected by a complex interplay of exogenous processes, among which the contamination from nearby A ring particles, meteoritic bombardment, charged particle flux, and E ring particle accumulation, depending on the corresponding magnitude at the ring moon orbital distance and exposure time. These processes modify the original composition inherited by the rings and, coupled with the fact that the surface composition is likely representative only of the ring moon outer layers, make it difficult to trace back the present composition to a given ring moon formation scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I intend to make an inquiry into the essential values of the university in its medieval origins and to compare them with the present situation of the institution, and the main challenges it faces today. In the first part of the article, I examine the core values of the university in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries ('Origins'). In a second section, I describe the main structural and governance features of universities in the Middle Ages, which have survived almost intact to the present day ('Structures'). Subsequently, I detail the early difficulties the university encountered due to its first bureaucratization and formalization in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries ('Troubles'). Finally, I venture some conclusions on the desirability of revisiting some of the current debates surrounding the university, arguing for a return to the origins ('Current Debates'). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Digital technology is ubiquitous in the lives of many children and parents. To better understand any influence of technology use by infants, and mothers, on child development, technology use should be considered within the broader family system context in which children develop. This study aimed to investigate associations between infant and maternal technology use and infant 12-month development, taking into consideration other family factors. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from ORIGINS participants, collected at 12-months of age: maternal and child technology use (TechU-Q), sociodemographic factors (e.g. child sex, household income), parental mental health (DASS-21), and child development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire). Linear regression was used for analyses. Results When family factors were considered, higher infant mobile touchscreen device (MTSD) use was associated with poorer infant development for gross motor, problem-solving, and total ASQ-3 scores. In contrast there were no associations between infant television (TV) watching or maternal technology use and total ASQ-3 scores. Higher maternal technology use was associated with higher infant technology use. Poorer maternal and paternal mental health were associated with poorer infant development. Poorer maternal mental health was also associated with higher infant TV watching and higher maternal MTSD use. Conclusion There is a complex relationship between technology use, parental mental health and other family factors that together influence infant development. To improve infant development outcomes, less focus should be on infant or maternal technology use, and more on supporting the family as a whole, and parental mental health in particular.

The Census Bureau set off reports of a 'multiracial boom' when it announced that, according to the 2020 census, multiracial people accounted for 10.2 percent of the U.S. population. Only the year before, the bureau's American Community Survey had estimated their share as 3.4 percent. We provide evidence that the multiracial boom was largely a statistical illusion resulting from methodological changes that confounded ancestry with identity and mistakenly equated national origin with race. Under a new algorithm, respondents were auto-recoded as multiracial if, after marking a single race, they listed an 'origin' that the algorithm did not recognize as falling within that race. However, origins and identity are not the same; confounding the two did not improve racial statistics. The fictitious multiracial boom highlights the power of official statistics in framing public and social-science understanding and the need to keep ancestry and identity distinct in both theory and empirical practice.

In this article I intend to make an inquiry into the essential values of the university in its medieval origins and to compare them with the present situation of the institution, and the main challenges it faces today. In the first part of the article, I examine the core values of the university in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries (‘Origins’). In a second section, I describe the main structural and governance features of universities in the Middle Ages, which have survived almost intact to the present day (‘Structures’). Subsequently, I detail the early difficulties the university encountered due to its first bureaucratization and formalization in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries (‘Troubles’). Finally, I venture some conclusions on the desirability of revisiting some of the current debates surrounding the university, arguing for a return to the origins (‘Current Debates’).

When talking about the origins of International Political Economy (IPE), the traditional form that emerged in the 1970s is mentioned. Under the assumption that economic issues were ignored by the internationalists of that time. This article seeks to disprove this assumption through the case of Leonard Woolf. Through a revisionist historiographical study of Woolf's writings on imperialism, it is shown that what was experienced was a reactivation of a field of study that had already been present at least since the beginning of the 20th century. Also, the foundations are established for future research on some other intellectuals from the early 20th century, bringing with them an alternative narrative when talking about EPI as a subdiscipline of International Relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review provides an overview of the canine distemper virus (CDV), a highly infectious pathogen causing severe disease in domestic dogs and wildlife. It shares genetic similarities with the human measles virus (HMV) in humans and the rinderpest virus (RPV) in cattle. The origin of CDV likely involves a mutation from human measles strains, possibly in the New World, with subsequent transmission to dogs. CDV has been globally observed, with an increasing incidence in various animal populations. Genomic mutations, especially in the H protein, contribute to its ability to infect different hosts. Diagnosis by molecular techniques like RT-qPCR offers rapid and sensitive detection when compared with serological tests. Genomic sequencing is vital for understanding CDV evolution and designing effective control strategies. Overall, CDV poses a significant threat, and genomic sequencing enhances our ability to manage and prevent its spread. Here, the epidemiology of CDV principally in Mexico is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent test translation of Te Paipera Tapu (the Bible in the Māori language) has aroused considerable debate for its use in Genesis 1 of the names of atua Māori (Māori divine beings). These names of atua have been used instead of names of features of the natural world, which stands in contrast to the use of other kupu Māori (Māori words) in the earlier translation and its revisions. In this paper, I outline relevant members of the Māori pantheon and of some ancient Near Eastern pantheons, which are not identical. I then discuss the Hebrew text of Genesis 1 in its ancient literary context, making proposals about the use of the names of atua Māori in translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy is an opportunistic time for dietary intake to influence future disease susceptibility in offspring later in life. The ORIGINS Project was established to identify the factors that contribute to 'a healthy start to life' through a focus supporting childhood health and preventing disease (including non-communicable diseases). We aim to describe the dietary intakes of pregnant women in this cohort and to compare these to the Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) and Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). The usual food and nutrient intakes of women were collected using the Australian Eating Survey (AES), a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A total of 374 women completed the AES FFQ at both 20 weeks and 36 weeks of gestation between December 2016 and January 2023. Macronutrient, micronutrient, and food group intake were explored using descriptive statistics. Overall, it was found that the energy contribution from carbohydrates was low, while that from fat and saturated fat was high; participants were not meeting the recommendations for several key micronutrients (calcium, iron, iodine, and folate); and they had low diet quality scores for all food groups. These findings suggest that despite the ongoing promotion of healthy eating during pregnancy, further exploration into why dietary guidelines during pregnancy are not being adhered to is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article asks how well new developments in family life are reflected in law and policy, with a particular focus on donor conception. There has been an unprecedented 'opening up' of family life in recent decades; this increased diversity is, at least in part, linked to developments in reproductive technologies, including gamete donation. In family lives touched by donation, genetic relations with 'donor connections' take genetic connectedness beyond traditional notions of kinship. There is not yet an established social script for how to understand what constitutes meaningful connectedness in reproductive donation. Focussing on the UK context specifically, where assisted conception is highly regulated, this article examines on the one hand, how UK law and policy portray meaningful connectedness in the context of donation, and, on the other hand, how well this fits with connectedness as experienced within egg and sperm donor communities. Drawing on original data from UK law and policy analysis, and empirical interview data with egg and sperm donors and their kin, our analysis shows important disparities between law and policy, and the empirical evidence, suggesting a need for an overhaul of UK donor conception law and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the origins and historical development of Tarot cards. The main theories of the origins of the Tarot are examined, including those linking it to ancient Egypt, medieval Europe and Renaissance Italy. The role of Tarot cards in various cultural and spiritual traditions is also detailed, as well as their influence on contemporary practices in psychology and self-knowledge. Contemporary views of the Tarot are also explored, highlighting the symbolism and functions of the cards, as well as the challenges in their use. In conclusion, the study presents the Tarot cards not only as a tool for divination, but also as a significant element in cultural history and personal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is one of the most common causes of chronic pelvic pain and infertility, affecting 10% of women of reproductive age. A delay of up to 9 years is estimated between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of endometriosis. Endometriosis is currently defined as the presence of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells at ectopic sites; however, advances in research on endometriosis have some authors believing that endometriosis should be re-defined as "a fibrotic condition in which endometrial stroma and epithelium can be identified". There are several theories on the etiology of the disease, but the origin of endometriosis remains unclear. This review addresses the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are naturally occurring post-transcriptional regulatory molecules, in endometriotic lesion development, the inflammatory environment within the peritoneal cavity, including the role that cytokines play during the development of the disease, and how animal models have helped in our understanding of the pathology of this enigmatic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article engages relays between the origins of money and origins of slavery, using Marxist reconstructions of "substance" in order to approach the negative zone of anti-blackness. In one move, I read money and slavery as two sides of the same coin: expressions of anxieties concerning equivalences that cannot be in reality (money) and inequalities that persist in democratic life (slavery). In another, I continue to argue that slavery exerts an important role in the story of capitalism, not only as a past index for a "mode of production," but more importantly in encrypting a certain monetary form of domination that translates the realization of commensurability. While there have been connections drawn between the origin of freedom in slavery, the origin of subjectivity in the money-form, and the origin of money in slavery, the vanishing mediator in this triad is blackness, a negative substance whose flexible uses and appearances are driven towards its own actualized disappearance in scenes of racial violence. If money masks the impossibility of commensurability, and labor and race ground the conditions for commensurability exemplified in freedom, slavery marks the space of incommensurability itself. In the line from Aristotle to Marx, the slave can serve as the first non-substantialist origin story for exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Lacking a thorough comprehension of the psychological phenomenon, professionals engage in psychotherapy. Throughout history, humanity has been exploring the essential question: What are the origins, roots, and essence of the psychological phenomenon? The primary goal of this study is to elucidate these enigmas. Despite notable progress in the realm of psychology, the psychological phenomenon remains a paramount unanswered query, still enigmatic. Methods: The research methodology utilized Grounded Theory for fundamental concept formation and content analysis. Within the "understanding-based content analysis" approach, 32 analytical units within the content units (texts and well-documented sources in the theoretical foundations of the research) linked to the psychological phenomenon were scrutinized across 14 eras (Era1 to Era14). Results: The results indicate that psychology emerges as an unparalleled consequence of the creative progression of life in organisms, particularly evolving from two nested evolutionary shifts. Initially in all primates, a type of consciousness, specifically heightened momentary awareness, developed as a means of communication. This mechanism, involving the prefrontal cortex and long-range circuits, facilitates the transmission of neural information throughout the brain in ascending and descending (feedback) patterns. Subsequently, this communicative capacity was exclusive to the reflective Homo sapiens, along with a secondary genetic alteration around the conclusion of the previous Ice Age (between 40,000 to 100,000 years ago). This was notably enabled by a mutation in the FOXP2 gene, fostering functional coordination among the lungs, larynx, throat, tongue, and other components. Conclusions: The outcomes aid in broadening the understanding of the nature of the psychological phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows that external factors dominate the key determinants of eco-innovation (EI) adoption in organizations in the agriculture sector. Studies are needed to understand the link between internal organizational capabilities and EI adoption. Given the heterogeneity in the types of agricultural cooperatives based on their origin, this study sought to fill this gap by exploring how opportunity, motivation, and ability affect the adoption of EI by agricultural cooperatives. Using a qualitative methodology, we examined seven farming cooperatives in Vietnam and found three dominant drivers of cooperatives’ formation: market, technology, and authority. Market-driven cooperatives are characterized by the presence of opportunity, motivation, and ability; technology-driven ones by motivation and ability; and authority-driven ones by motivation only. This study contributes to the literature on agricultural cooperatives and EI. It offers recommendations to leaders of cooperatives and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Science & Knowledge Horizons is the property of Journal of Science & Knowledge Horizons and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Astrocytes derive from different lineages and play a critical role in neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI). Whether selectively eliminating these main origins of astrocytes in lumbar enlargement could attenuate SCI-induced neuropathic pain remains unclear. Through transgenic mice injected with an adeno-associated virus vector and diphtheria toxin, astrocytes in lumbar enlargement were lineage traced, targeted, and selectively eliminated. Pain-related behaviors were measured with an electronic von Frey apparatus and a cold/hot plate after SCI. RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, molecular experiment, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the potential mechanisms after astrocyte elimination. Lineage tracing revealed that the resident astrocytes but not ependymal cells were the main origins of astrocytes-induced neuropathic pain. SCI-induced mice to obtain significant pain symptoms and astrocyte activation in lumbar enlargement. Selective resident astrocyte elimination in lumbar enlargement could attenuate neuropathic pain and activate microglia. Interestingly, the type I interferons (IFNs) signal was significantly activated after astrocytes elimination, and the most activated Gene Ontology terms and pathways were associated with the type I IFNs signal which was mainly activated in microglia and further verified in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, different concentrations of interferon and Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist could activate the type I IFNs signal in microglia. These results elucidate that selectively eliminating resident astrocytes attenuated neuropathic pain associated with type I IFNs signal activation in microglia. Targeting type I IFNs signals is proven to be an effective strategy for neuropathic pain treatment after SCI.

IntroductionGanoderma lucidum is one well known functional food resource. The triterpenes, such as Ganoderic acid A and Ganoderic acid D, as well as the sensory characteristics could reflect the quality of G. lucidum.MethodsIn order to find rapid methods to evaluate the Ganoderma lucidum from different origins, Electronic tongue and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used in this paper.ResultsThe Electronic tongue results combined with PCA and LDA analysis showed that the taste of different batches of G. lucidum from the same producing area was similar, but quite different from different producing areas. The overall taste of G. lucidum from Anhui was obviously different from that from Shandong and Sichuan. Meanwhile, the concentrations of two main triterpenes of G. lucidum, Ganoderic acid A and Ganoderic acid D were detected by using HPLC, and the variability of different origins were consistent with that from Electronic tongue. Moreover, the triterpenoid acids content in G. lucidum from Shandong was about 1.04 mg/g, which is the highest of the three origins, followed by Sichuan and Anhui.DiscussionBoth the Electronic tongue and HPLC could efficiently distinguish the different origins of G. lucidum from taste property or content of key triterpenes, and provide new technical support for the quality evaluation of G. lucidum.

Introduction The ORIGINS Project ("ORIGINS") is a longitudinal, population-level birth cohort with data and biosample collections that aim to facilitate research to reduce non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and encourage 'a healthy start to life'. ORIGINS has gathered millions of datapoints and over 400,000 biosamples over 15 timepoints, antenatally through to five years of age, from mothers, non-birthing partners and the child, across four health and wellness domains: 'Growth and development', 'Medical, biological and genetic', 'Biopsychosocial and cognitive', 'Lifestyle, environment and nutrition'. Methods Mothers, non-birthing partners and their offspring were recruited antenatally (between 18 and 38 weeks' gestation) from the Joondalup and Wanneroo communities of Perth, Western Australia from 2017 to 2024. Data come from several sources, including routine hospital antenatal and birthing data, ORIGINS clinical appointments, and online self-completed surveys comprising several standardised measures. Data are merged using the Medical Record Number (MRN), the ORIGINS Unique Identifier and the ORIGINS Pregnancy Number, as well as additional demographic data (e.g. name and date of birth) when necessary. Results The data are held on an integrated data platform that extracts, links, ingests, integrates and stores ORIGINS' data on an Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud-based data warehouse. Data are linked, transformed for cleaning and coding, and catalogued, ready to provide to sub-projects (independent researchers that apply to use ORIGINS data) to prepare for their own analyses. ORIGINS maximises data quality by checking and replacing missing and erroneous data across the various data sources. Conclusion As a wide array of data across several different domains and timepoints has been collected, the options for future research and utilisation of the data and biosamples are broad. As ORIGINS aims to extend into middle childhood, researchers can examine which antenatal and early childhood factors predict middle childhood outcomes. ORIGINS also aims to link to State and Commonwealth data sets (e.g. Medicare, the National Assessment Program -- Literacy and Numeracy, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme) which will cater to a wide array of research questions.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in normal life activities and disease treatment. In recent years, there have been abundant relevant studies focusing on EVs for cancer therapy and showing good performance on tumor inhibition. To enhance the effectiveness of EVs, EV analogs have been developed. This review summarizes the classification, origin, production, purification, modification, drug loading and cancer treatment applications of EVs and their analogs. Also, the characteristics of technologies involved are analyzed, which provides the basis for the development and application of biogenic vesicle-based drug delivery platform for cancer therapy. Meanwhile, challenges in translating these vesicles into clinic, such as limited sources, lack of production standards, and insufficient targeting and effectiveness are discussed. With ongoing exploration and clinical studies, EV-based drugs will make great contributions to cancer therapy.

With the rising demand of saffron, it is essential to standardize the confirmation of its origin and identify any adulteration to maintain a good quality led market product. However, a rapid and reliable strategy for identifying the adulteration saffron is still lacks. Herein, a combination of headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) and convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed. Sixty-nine volatile compounds (VOCs) including 7 groups of isomers were detected rapidly and directly. A CNN prediction model based on GC-IMS data was proposed. With the merit of minimal data prepossessing and automatic feature extraction capability, GC-IMS images were directly input to the CNN model. The origin prediction results were output with the average accuracy about 90 %, which was higher than traditional methods like PCA (61 %) and SVM (71 %). This established CNN also showed ability in identifying counterfeit saffron with a high accuracy of 98 %, which can be used to authenticate saffron.

Copyright of Journal of Arabian Sciences Heritage is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Mishkat for Humanities & Social Studies / Al-Mis̆kāt li-l-ʿUlūm al-Insāniyyaẗ wa-al-IğtimāʿIyyaẗ is the property of World Islamic Sciences & Education University (WISE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study dealt with the development of the fundamentalist text among the theologians through the virtues of Al-Baydawi, which Al-Asnawi stipulated in nine places, and searched through the inductive, analytical, and deductive method. To reveal this development, to know its causes and fields, and to divide it into an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion, the study reached several results, namely: The theologian school is defined as: the approach followed by the theologians in constructing and codifying the fundamentals, and the development of the fundamentalist text is defined as: the change of the fundamentalist expression from one state to another, increasing and decreasing, advancing and delaying for the purposes of the compiler. Among the reasons for the development of the text: safety from objections or minimizing them, keenness to put a fundamentalist imprint, and so on. Al-Baydawi's virtues included: safety from objections or minimizing them, reasoning and connotations, and pointing out differences and omissions in the phrase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A society is significantly shaped by the myths it perpetuates. These myths serve as lenses for how its people see and make sense of the world around them. Myths, particularly origin myths like Enuma Elish, offer a perspective on the world that legitimates the way a society structures itself and responds to crisis, as opposing forces threaten to undermine its conception of order. This essay proposes to read Psalm 46 against the backdrop of Israel's own origin myths which undergird and shape their own conceptions of order and in Psalm 46 are called to mind to bolster hope in the midst of crisis. This is argued on the basis of numerous literary parallels with the so-called 'Song of the Sea' in Exodus and the creation accounts in Genesis. In addition, parallels with First Isaiah suggest the likelihood of Sennacherib's siege of Jerusalem as the crisis to which the psalmist responds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on Lebbeus Woods' lesser-known self-published works, referred to as "samizdats," which were clandestinely circulated and showcased his early explorations and philosophical musings on architecture. Topics include Woods' subversive approach to expressing his architectural ideas; the challenges of self-publishing in the pre-digital era, the content and enigmatic nature of Woods' samizdats, and his critiques of the architectural profession, particularly its commercial dogmas.

Research framework: Adoption has existed for many years as an institution that promotes family ties, taking forms that vary based on place, culture and time. However, the ways in which the social actors involved use adoption reveal specific conceptions of the child, the family, affiliations and family relationships. Objectives: This issue aims to identify the evolution of certain social and legislative adoption practices and to discuss the family and identity realities associated with adoption, in order to provide an analysis of how it has changed over time.Methodology: The articles in this issue highlight the many aspects of adoption: not only does it affect a number of different actors (adopters, adoptees and parents of origin), but it also raises concerns and questions of a social, legal and family nature.Results: Adoption is a subject of study at the intersection of several disciplines, including law, anthropology, sociology, psychology and social work. The various cases discussed in this issue also illustrate the importance of reflecting on the implications of adoption for individuals, families and society as a whole.Conclusions: The cases cited in these articles illustrate the need to approach adoption from a dynamic perspective that takes into account the evolution, contexts and changes involved in all the issues associated with it.Contribution: This issue is intended to stimulate reflection, both now and in the future.

Honey offers nutritional and therapeutic benefits to people, hence understanding its quality and consumer preferences is essential for its consumption. In this study, the physicochemical properties, mineral content, and consumer preferences of honey samples from various Tanzanian geographical zones and botanical origins were investigated. Thirty-two honey samples from acacia species and miombo woodland origins were purchased from beekeepers in five zones of Tanzania, and analyzed for those parameters using standard methods. The lake zone acacia samples had significantly (p < 0.05) higher moisture while the northern zone miombo samples had higher acidity than other samples. The lake zone miombo sample had a higher viscosity than other samples. Potassium was the most abundant mineral (380.2 ± 89.30–3488.1 ± 87.17 mg/kg) in honey and all minerals differed significantly (p < 0.05) between botanical origins and geographical zones with miombo samples in all zones having higher values than their acacia counterparts. Furthermore, the eastern zone miombo and lake zone acacia honey were the most acceptable samples by consumers. Therefore, the Tanzanian honey quality and consumer preferences vary significantly with botanical and geographical origins. Nevertheless, despite the variations, quality values were within the national and internal standard bounds, hence the consumption of these honey is encouraged based on their known benefits.

Using the conflict studies literature, the article classifies the latest scholarly writings on the origins of the Donbas conflict into three general groupings: on the role of the history and identity of the region’s inhabitants, on the interference by “third” actors and on so-called contentious politics. The analysis suggests that the initial support of the uprising by Russia is usually greatly overestimated, and the level of social discontent and protest movements is underestimated. The study of contentious politics appears to be the most appropriate tool regarding the origins of the conflict. After 2015, the conflict took on, at least in part, the contours of an interstate clash, but the Donbas insurgency has continued to retain its authenticity. The failure of the 2015 settlement and the path to war after 2018 cannot be understood without considering the actions of Russia and those of Ukraine and leading Western states.

This paper describes an approach to teaching Christopher Marlowe and Thomas Nashe’s Dido, Queen of Carthage as part of an optional undergraduate (final year) English literature module in the UK. The session in focus for this paper is one 3-hour workshop-seminar on Marlowe’s Dido, which is read in relation to mythic origins – a term used to introduce the origin story as a political concept. The work students complete on this play is designed to not only strengthen their understanding of how origins stories can be politically useful, but also for the capacity of drama and its modern readers, to question them.

Translanguaging in applied linguistics and foreign language pedagogy has attracted scholars' attention and interest in recent years. Myriad theoretical and empirical research on translanguaging has been conducted. However, little comprehensive science mapping exists in this field. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the academic output in translanguaging from a bibliometric perspective. Specifically, annual scientific production, cited documents, sources, authors & affiliations & countries, keywords and research trends, and conceptual structure were analyzed based on the Web of Science, and specific future directions were predicted. The findings underscore that: (1) The study of translanguaging has developed rapidly in the past 20 years, displaying an overall upward trend. (2) Five research groups in translanguaging can be identified: the United Kingdom, the United States, South Africa, Spain, and China. (3) The research topic of translanguaging is concentrated in applied linguistics and foreign language pedagogy. (4) The relevant artificial intelligence technologies (e.g. biblioshiny) can be widely applied in terms of their potential to facilitate the field of translanguaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accaumulating studies focus on the effects of C3-positive A1-like phenotypes and S100A10-positive A2-like phenotypes of reactive astrocytes on spinal cord injury (SCI), however the origins and dynamic changes of C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes after SCI remain poorly understood. Through transgenic mice and lineage tracing, we aimed to determine the origins of C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes. Meanwhile, the distribution and dynamic changes in C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes were also detected in juvenile and adult SCI mice models and cultured astrocytes. Combing with bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bioinformatic analysis, we further explored the dynamic transcripts changes of C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes after SCI. We confirmed that resident astrocytes produced both C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes, whereas ependymal cells regenerated only S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes in lesion area. Importantly, C3-positive reactive astrocytes were predominantly activated in adult SCI mice, while S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes were hyperactivated in juvenile mice. Furthermore, we observed that C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes had a dynamic transformation process at different time in vitro and vivo, and a majority of intermediate states of C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes were found during transformation. RNA-seq and scRNA-seq results further confirmed that the transcripts of C3-positive reactive astrocytes and their lipid toxicity were gradually increased with time and age. In contrast, S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes transcripts increased at early time and then gradually decreased after SCI. Our results provide insight into the origins and dynamic changes of C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes after SCI, which would be valuable resources to further target C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes after SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The few studies that have focused on studying sibling relationships have identified dynamics between siblings as an important aspect for adoptees, due to its formative influences. This research explored lived experiences of adopted young adults regarding their origins when they have biological and non- biological adopted siblings. Seven adoptees took part in semi-structured interviews, analyzed following Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results showed a positive perception of the presence of a sibling who shares the experience of adoption and origins in the adoptive family. However, the influence of siblings seemed to hinder some aspects of one's relationships with their own origins. These findings indicate that adoptive parents and professionals should foster healthy and warm relationships between siblings from an early age, regardless of the type of siblings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a concise overview of the history of hepatitis B, including who has been responsible for its diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Hepatitis B was first identified and diagnosed in the 1960s, marking an important moment in the history of medicine. The discovery of this disease provided essential information about it is transmission, symptomatology, and treatment. In 1992, the World Health Organization recommended the inclusion of the hepatitis B vaccine in national immunization programs by 1997. The diagnosis of hepatitis B is made through blood tests that detect specific antigens and antibodies of the virus. An important step in diagnosing hepatitis B was the introduction of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test, which detects a protein on the surface of the virus. This test revolutionized the detection of HBV infection and became a standard tool in diagnosing the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Francine Shapiro, the founder of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), reported that the therapeutic use of eye movement patterns was discovered by chance while walking in a park. An alternative accounting for the origins of EMDR comes from research that demonstrates individuals are unable to perceive their own eye movements and from historical sources that document Shapiro's acceptance of Neuro-Linguistic Programming theory on eye movement patterns and super-achievers. The present paper brings together this diverse set of findings to provide a more accurate context within which Shapiro's purported discoveries and subsequent claims can best be viewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Neutrophils, the most prevalent innate immune cells in humans, have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their involvement in cancer progression. This comprehensive review aimed to elucidate the important roles and underlying mechanisms of neutrophils in cancer from the perspective of their whole life cycle, tracking them from development in the bone marrow to circulation and finally to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Based on an understanding of their heterogeneity, we described the relationship between abnormal neutrophils and clinical manifestations in cancer. Specifically, we explored the function, origin, and polarization of neutrophils within the TME. Furthermore, we also undertook an extensive analysis of the intricate relationship between neutrophils and clinical management, including neutrophil-based clinical treatment strategies. In conclusion, we firmly assert that directing future research endeavors towards comprehending the remarkable heterogeneity exhibited by neutrophils is of paramount importance.