1. Cost-effective synthesis of high-quality graphene oxide nanoflakes.
- Author
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Singh, Reetik and Mukherjee, Sanat Kumar
- Subjects
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GRAPHENE oxide , *FIELD emission electron microscopy , *GRAPHENE synthesis , *OXIDIZING agents , *GRAPHITE , *GRAPHITE oxide - Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) exhibits promising potential applications across several domains. Electrochemical oxidation has been recognized as a safe, effective, and environmentally friendly method of producing GO. This process often requires an electrode made of specific kinds of graphite, and graphite particles have the potential to escape from the electrode, resulting in a high product yield. This paper describes a simple and rapid electrochemical synthesis of graphene oxide, followed by an oxidation procedure in which KMnO4 is used as an oxidizing agent to oxidize the electrochemically exfoliated graphite. Initially, 5V potential was applied to the electrode for exfoliation using a graphite electrode as the cathode and anode in the electrolyte. The solution containing exfoliated graphite is oxidized at 50°C for 1, 2, and 6 hours. To examine prepared GO batches, X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and other spectroscopy and microscopy approaches were used. The interplanar spacing between layers of graphite and GO are found to be 0.3 nm and 0.9 nm, respectively, confirming graphite oxidation. The peaks at 1350 cm-1 (D band) are associated with defects and disorder in the structure of graphene oxide, whereas the peak at 1589.65 cm-1 (G band) is associated with graphitic material. The calculated ID/IG ratio is 0.8 for the graphene oxide mentioned above. In the FTIR study, the prominent peak at 3389 cm-1 in the mode O-H stretching vibration indicates the synthesis of many oxygenated functional groups in graphene oxide. The carbons of the benzene ring at 1628 cm-1 in the GO structure have a stretching vibration mode corresponding to the C=C bond. After 6 hours of oxidation, FESEM pictures reveal the development of large-area graphene oxide nanoflakes. The atomic percentages of carbon and oxygen in the 6-hour oxidation of exfoliated graphite are confirmed by EDX measurements to be 74.86 and 25.14, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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