43 results on '"Obara MT"'
Search Results
2. Oral transmission of Chagas disease by consumption of açaí palm fruit, Brazil.
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Nóbrega AA, Garcia MH, Tatto E, Obara MT, Costa E, Sobel J, Araujo WN, Nóbrega, Aglaêr A, Garcia, Marcio H, Tatto, Erica, Obara, Marcos T, Costa, Elenild, Sobel, Jeremy, and Araujo, Wildo N
- Abstract
In 2006, a total of 178 cases of acute Chagas disease were reported from the Amazonian state of Pará, Brazil. Eleven occurred in Barcarena and were confirmed by visualization of parasites on blood smears. Using cohort and case-control studies, we implicated oral transmission by consumption of açaí palm fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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3. Do Commercial Insect Repellents Provide Protection against the Tick Amblyomma sculptum (Acari: Ixodidae)?
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de Barcelos BR, Coelho NGSS, Santos MMB, Vale FL, Teixeira ALC, Pereira E Souza LM, Zeringóta V, de Oliveira Monteiro CM, Eugenio CUO, and Obara MT
- Abstract
Amblyomma sculptum is a species of public health interest because it is associated with the transmission of the bacteria that causes Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF). The use of repellents on humans is a prophylactic measure widely used to provide protection against a series of arthropod vectors, including mosquitoes and ticks. However, in Brazil, the effectiveness of commercial repellents against A. sculptum is little known. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out specific studies to evaluate the repellency of these commercial products, registered for use against mosquitoes, against the star tick. The main goal of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of six commercial repellents against A. sculptum . Unfed nymphs, aged between two and eight weeks, were tested against products based on DEET (OFF!
® and Repelex® ), Icaridin (Exposis® and SBP® ), and IR3535 (Johnsons and Henlau). Three bioassays were conducted to evaluate tick behavior: (i) filter paper, (ii) fingertip, and (iii) field. All bases tested showed high repellent activity, differing significantly ( p < 0.05) from the control. It was observed the formulation with DEET resulted in the best results in the filter paper bioassay. In the fingertip bioassay, the DEET base repelled a greater number of ticks compared to Icaridin. In the field bioassay, there was no significant difference between the Icaridin base and DEET, and both formulations differed from the control ( p < 0.05). The six formulations tested showed significant percentages of repellency against ticks; however, for the fingertip and field bioassays, the products OFF!® , Repelex® , and Exposis® were tested as they showed better performance in the filter paper test. OFF!® showed the best percentage of repellency (100%), followed by Repelex® (96.8%), and Exposis® (93.1%), considering the two-hour period of the bioassay-field-test. Proving the effectiveness of repellents on the market against A. sculptum presented in this study is crucial, since this is the main ectoparasite of humans that can transmit Rickettsia rickettsii when infected. The effectiveness of commercial insect repellents against other tick species that parasitize humans can also be explored.- Published
- 2023
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4. Assessment of insecticide resistance of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen, in the northeast region of Brazil.
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Campos KB, Alomar AA, Eastmond BH, Obara MT, S Dias LD, Rahman RU, and Alto BW
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- Animals, Insecticide Resistance, Brazil epidemiology, Juvenile Hormones pharmacology, Mosquito Vectors, Insecticides pharmacology, Aedes, Pyrethrins pharmacology
- Abstract
Vector control has been an essential strategy in Brazil to manage vector-borne diseases, and the use of insecticides plays an important role in this effort. Pyriproxyfen (PPF) has become a common insect growth regulator used to control juvenile stages of mosquitoes by disturbing their growth and development. This study assesses the susceptibility and resistance status of Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations that previously showed low resistance levels to PPF. Eggs of Ae. aegypti were collected from six cities located in the northeast states of Ceará (Quixadá, Icó, and Juazeiro do Norte), and Bahia (Itabuna, Brumado, and Serrinha). We used the Ae. aegypti Rockefeller strain as an experimental control and a strain known to be susceptible to insecticides. Inhibition of emergence rates by 50% of Ae. aegypti populations varied from 0.0098-0.046 µg/L. Mosquitoes from Icó, Serrinha, and Brumado showed low resistance levels [resistance ratio (RR
50 ) = 2.33, 4.52, and 4.83, respectively], whereas moderate levels of resistance were detected in populations from Juazeiro do Norte (RR50 =5.83) and Itabuna (RR50 =7.88). Aedes aegypti collected from the Quixadá population showed a high resistance level to pyriproxyfen (RR50 =11). The evolution of resistance in Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations to PPF can compromise vector control efforts. Continuous monitoring of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is essential for making timely management decisions for effective vector control and management.- Published
- 2023
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5. Evolution of research funding for neglected tropical diseases in Brazil, 2004-2020.
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Melo GBT, Angulo-Tuesta A, Silva END, Santos TDS, Uchimura LYT, and Obara MT
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- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Brazil epidemiology, Neglected Diseases epidemiology, Chagas Disease epidemiology, Malaria, Schistosomiasis
- Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases are a global public health problem. Although Brazil is largely responsible for their occurrence in Latin America, research funding on the subject does not meet the population's health needs. The present study analyzed the evolution of research funding for neglected tropical diseases by the Ministry of Health and its partners in Brazil, from 2004 to 2020. This is a retrospective study of data from investigations registered on Health Research (Pesquisa Saúde in Portuguese), a public repository for research funded by the Ministry of Health's Department of Science and Technology. The temporal trend of funding and the influence of federal government changes on funding were analyzed using Prais-Winster generalized linear regression. From 2004 to 2020, 1,158 studies were financed (purchasing power parity (PPP$) 230.9 million), with most funding aimed at biomedical research (81.6%) and topics involving dengue, leishmaniasis and tuberculosis (60.2%). Funding was stationary (annual percent change of -5.7%; 95%CI -54.0 to 45.0) and influenced by changes to the federal government. Research funding was lacking for chikungunya, Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, malaria and taeniasis/cysticercosis, diseases with a high prevalence, burden or mortality rates in Brazil. Although the Ministry of Health had several budgetary partners, it was the main funder, with 69.8% of investments. The study revealed that research funding for neglected tropical diseases has stagnated over the years and that diseases with a high prevalence, burden and mortality rate receive little funding. These findings demonstrate the need to strengthen the health research system by providing sustainable funding for research on neglected tropical diseases that is consistent with the population's health needs., Competing Interests: I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests:the author G.B.T.M. hold technical position at Ministry of Health of Brazil. The authors A.A.T., E.N.S., L.Y.T.U. and M.T.O. held techinical positions at Ministry of Health of Brazil in differents periods., (Copyright: © 2023 Melo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2023
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6. Integrative taxonomy and phylogenetic systematics of the Triatoma rubrovaria subcomplex (Hemiptera, Triatominae).
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da Silva LA, Belintani T, de Paiva VF, Nascimento JD, Rimoldi A, Gardim S, Rocha CS, de Mello F, Obara MT, de Oliveira J, and da Rosa JA
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- Animals, Male, Female, Phylogeny, Brazil, Triatoma genetics, Triatoma anatomy & histology, Triatominae, Chagas Disease
- Abstract
Triatoma rubrovaria subcomplex consists of T. carcavalloi, T. circummaculata, T. klugi, T. limai, T. oliveirai, T. pintodiasi, T. rubrovaria, T. patagonica and T. guasayana, which can be vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. In this study, morphological, morphometric, and genetic characters of T. circummaculata, T. pintodiasi, T. carcavalloi, T. klugi, and T. rubrovaria were analyzed in view of the integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of the T. rubrovaria subcomplex. Molecular studies were carried out through the sequencing and analysis of the mitochondrial genes COI and CytB, nuclear genes ITS I, ITS 2, 16S, and 28S from rDNA and rescued a monophyletic group. Furthermore, differential morphological characters were found among the five species in the pronotum, scutellum, stridulatory sulcus, male genitalia, and external female genitalia. Finally, morphometric analyses made it possible to differentiate the five species. Phylogenetic analyzes rescued the relationship of T. pintodiasi with members of the T. rubrovaria subcomplex and demonstrated that this subcomplex is a monophyletic group composed of the species T. carcavalloi, T. circummaculata, T. klugi, T. guasayana, T. limai, T. oliveirai, T. patagonica, T. pintodiasi, and T. rubrovaria. Furthermore, through integrative taxonomy, it was possible to confirm the specific status of the species T. carcavalloi, T. circummaculata, T. pintodiasi, T. klugi, and T. rubrovaria, offering new useful morphological characters for the differentiation and characterization of these potential vectors and distributed in Southern Brazil., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2023
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7. Brazilian Populations of Aedes aegypti Resistant to Pyriproxyfen Exhibit Lower Susceptibility to Infection with Zika Virus.
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Campos KB, Alomar AA, Eastmond BH, Obara MT, and Alto BW
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- Animals, Brazil, Mosquito Vectors, Saliva, Zika Virus genetics, Aedes, Zika Virus Infection, Insecticides pharmacology
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Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has caused devastating consequences in Brazil as infections were associated with neurological complications in neonates. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of ZIKV, and the evolution of insecticide resistance (IR) in this species can compromise control efforts. Although relative levels of phenotypic IR in mosquitoes can change considerably over time, its influence on vector competence for arboviruses is unclear. Pyriproxyfen (PPF)-resistant populations of Ae. aegypti were collected from five municipalities located in Northeast of Brazil, which demonstrated different resistance levels; low (Serrinha, Brumado), moderate (Juazeiro do Norte, Itabuna), and high (Quixadá). Experimental per os infection using ZIKV were performed with individuals from these populations and with an insecticide susceptible strain (Rockefeller) to determine their relative vector competence for ZIKV. Although all populations were competent to transmit ZIKV, mosquitoes derived from populations with moderate to high levels of IR exhibited similar or lower susceptibility to ZIKV infection than those from populations with low IR or the susceptible strain. These observations suggest an association between IR and arbovirus infection, which may be attributable to genetic hitchhiking. The use of PPF to control Brazilian Ae. aegypti may be associated with an indirect benefit of reduced susceptibility to infection, but no changes in disseminated infection and transmission of ZIKV among PPF-resistant phenotypes.
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- 2022
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8. Dengue and Chikungunya seroprevalence in waste pickers from the largest Latin American open-air dump.
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Cassemiro ÉM, Cilião-Alves DC, Moura DR, Slavov SN, Quintão TSC, Scott JA, Marques CP, Obara MT, de Araújo WN, Cruvinel VRN, and Haddad R
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- Humans, Latin America epidemiology, Recycling, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Chikungunya Fever diagnosis, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Dengue diagnosis, Dengue epidemiology, Refuse Disposal
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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- 2021
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9. Reemergence of Yellow Fever in Brazil: The Role of Distinct Landscape Fragmentation Thresholds.
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Ilacqua RC, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Ramos DG, Obara MT, Ceretti-Junior W, Mucci LF, Marrelli MT, and Laporta GZ
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- Animals, Brazil epidemiology, Humans, Yellow fever virus, Zoonoses, Yellow Fever epidemiology
- Abstract
Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) reemergence in Brazil was followed by human suffering and the loss of biodiversity of neotropical simians on the Atlantic coast. The underlying mechanisms were investigated with special focus on distinct landscape fragmentation thresholds in the affected municipalities. An ecological study in epidemiology is employed to assess the statistical relationship between events of YFV and forest fragmentation in municipal landscapes. Negative binomial regression model showed that highly fragmented forest cover was associated with an 85% increase of events of YFV in humans and simians ( RR = 1.85, CI 95% = 1.24-2.75, p =0.003) adjusted by vaccine coverage, population size, and municipality area. Intermediate levels of forest cover combined with higher levels of forest edge densities contribute to the YFV dispersion and the exponential growth of YF cases. Strategies for forest conservation are necessary for the control and prevention of YF and other zoonotic diseases that can spillover from the fragmented forest remains to populated cities of the Brazilian Atlantic coast., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Roberto C. Ilacqua et al.)
- Published
- 2021
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10. TriatoDex, an electronic identification key to the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vectors of Chagas disease: Development, description, and performance.
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Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Abad-Franch F, de Almeida MR, Obara MT, de Souza RCM, Batista JAS, and Rocha DA
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- Adult, Animals, Brazil epidemiology, Chagas Disease transmission, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Chagas Disease epidemiology, Insect Vectors anatomy & histology, Insect Vectors classification, Mobile Applications, Triatominae anatomy & histology, Triatominae classification
- Abstract
Correct identification of triatomine bugs is crucial for Chagas disease surveillance, yet available taxonomic keys are outdated, incomplete, or both. Here we present TriatoDex, an Android app-based pictorial, annotated, polytomous key to the Triatominae. TriatoDex was developed using Android Studio and tested by 27 Brazilian users. Each user received a box with pinned, number-labeled, adult triatomines (33 species in total) and was asked to identify each bug to the species level. We used generalized linear mixed models (with user- and species-ID random effects) and information-theoretic model evaluation/averaging to investigate TriatoDex performance. TriatoDex encompasses 79 questions and 554 images of the 150 triatomine-bug species described worldwide up to 2017. TriatoDex-based identification was correct in 78.9% of 824 tasks. TriatoDex performed better in the hands of trained taxonomists (93.3% vs. 72.7% correct identifications; model-averaged, adjusted odds ratio 5.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.09-11.48). In contrast, user age, gender, primary job (including academic research/teaching or disease surveillance), workplace (including universities, a reference laboratory for triatomine-bug taxonomy, or disease-surveillance units), and basic training (from high school to biology) all had negligible effects on TriatoDex performance. Our analyses also suggest that, as TriatoDex results accrue to cover more taxa, they may help pinpoint triatomine-bug species that are consistently harder (than average) to identify. In a pilot comparison with a standard, printed key (370 tasks by seven users), TriatoDex performed similarly (84.5% correct assignments, CI 68.9-94.0%), but identification was 32.8% (CI 24.7-40.1%) faster on average-for a mean absolute saving of ~2.3 minutes per bug-identification task. TriatoDex holds much promise as a handy, flexible, and reliable tool for triatomine-bug identification; an updated iOS/Android version is under development. We expect that, with continuous refinement derived from evolving knowledge and user feedback, TriatoDex will substantially help strengthen both entomological surveillance and research on Chagas disease vectors., Competing Interests: JASB received salary from H2J Comunicação & Marketing, Brasília, Brazil and MRA received salary from Real Comércio e Indústria de Alumínio Ltd. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare.
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- 2021
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11. Methods for detecting insecticide resistance in sand flies: A systematic review.
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Rocha DA, Costa LMD, Pessoa GDC, and Obara MT
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- Animals, Culicidae drug effects, Female, Insecticides, Male, Phlebotomus, Insecticide Resistance, Psychodidae
- Abstract
The classification of insecticide resistance in sand flies populations is based on concepts and methodologies used to characterize the susceptibility profile in mosquitoes. This can generate erroneous and subjective interpretations since they are biologically different organisms. In this context, the goal of this review is to analyze the works and/or articles that aimed at characterizing the susceptibility of sand flies and describing the methodological parameters, in order to improve future works to estimate more accurately the resistance of sand flies to insecticides. Using keywords that refer to the purpose of this review, scientific studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese published until December 2019 were analyzed. A total of 3481 articles were found in searches in four databases (Pubmed, Scopus, BVS and ScienceDirect) and 61 were selected. The panorama of sand-fly resistance revealed 47 populations of sand flies, of species Phlebotomus papatasi, Ph. argentipes e Sergentomyia shorttii, with confirmed resistance, and 28 populations of species Ph. papatasi, Ph. argentipes, Ph. sergenti e Lutzomyia longipalpis. Of the 61 selected studies, only three studies performed comparisons between field and colony phlebotomines, and all colony populations were less susceptible than field populations to at least one tested insecticide. The lethal doses and lethal times of sand flies are very varied, revealing that there is no specific protocol for assessing the susceptibility of sand flies to insecticides. For a quick and early detection of sand flies' resistance to insecticides, we suggest the use of CDC bottle tests with an SRL to estimate the local Dose and Diagnostic Time. Males and females can be used in the same proportion, but with only female sand flies in the control group. Females with engorged abdomen or pregnant should be avoided in the experiment and, if possible, use the F1 generation of field sand flies, up to 5 days old, or at least 100 sand flies to reduce the influence of age on the susceptibility of the population., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2021
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12. Phenotypic and genetic variation of Triatoma costalimai (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).
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Vendrami DP, Ceretti-Junior W, Obara MT, Mendonça VJ, Fonseca EOL, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Marrelli MT, and Gurgel-Gonçalves R
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- Animals, Bolivia, Brazil, Genetic Variation genetics, Insect Vectors genetics, Chagas Disease, Triatoma genetics
- Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to study intraspecific variation in Triatoma costalimai, a potential vector of Chagas disease present in Brazil and Bolivia., Methods: We analyzed phenotypic (connexivum color patterns, wing morphometrics) and genetic variation (16S mtDNA) of three Brazilian T. costalimai populations. We compared 16S sequences with those of putative Bolivian T. costalimai and its sister species, T. jatai., Results: Brazilian populations had different connexivum color patterns and forewing shapes. A 16S mtDNA haplotype network showed a clear separation of Brazilian T. costalimai from both T. jatai and Bolivian T. costalimai., Conclusions: We report considerable variability in T. costalimai populations.
- Published
- 2020
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13. Assessment of the susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to pyriproxyfen and malathion in a nation-wide monitoring of insecticide resistance performed in Brazil from 2017 to 2018.
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Campos KB, Martins AJ, Rodovalho CM, Bellinato DF, Dias LDS, Macoris MLDG, Andrighetti MTM, Lima JBP, and Obara MT
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- Animals, Arbovirus Infections transmission, Biological Assay, Brazil epidemiology, Disease Vectors, Larva drug effects, Malathion pharmacology, Mosquito Control, Mosquito Vectors drug effects, Pyridines pharmacology, Aedes drug effects, Insecticide Resistance, Insecticides pharmacology
- Abstract
Background: Chemical mosquito control using malathion has been applied in Brazil since 1985. To obtain chemical control effectiveness, vector susceptibility insecticide monitoring is required. This study aimed to describe bioassay standardizations and determine the susceptibility profile of Ae. aegypti populations to malathion and pyriproxyfen, used on a national scale in Brazil between 2017 and 2018, and discuss the observed impacts in arbovirus control., Methods: The diagnostic-doses (DD) of pyriproxyfen and malathion were determined as the double of adult emergence inhibition (EI) and lethal doses for 99% of the Rockefeller reference strain, respectively. To monitor natural populations, sampling was performed in 132 Brazilian cities, using egg traps. Colonies were raised in the laboratory for one or two generations (F1 or F2) and submitted to susceptibility tests, where larvae were exposed to the pyriproxyfen DD (0.03 µg/l) and adults, to the malathion DD determined in the present study (20 µg), in addition to the one established by the World Health Organization (WHO) DD (50 µg) in a bottle assay. Dose-response (DR) bioassays with pyriproxyfen were performed on populations that did not achieve 98% EI in the DD assays., Results: Susceptibility alterations to pyriproxyfen were recorded in six (4.5%) Ae. aegypti populations from the states of Bahia and Ceará, with Resistance Ratios (RR
95 ) ranging from 1.51 to 3.58. Concerning malathion, 73 (55.3%) populations distributed throughout the country were resistant when exposed to the local DD 20 µg/bottle. On the other hand, no population was resistant, and only 10 (7.6%) populations in eight states were considered as exhibiting decreased susceptibility (mortality ratios between 90 and 98%) when exposed to the WHO DD (50 µg/bottle)., Conclusions: The feasibility of conducting an insecticide resistance monitoring action on a nation-wide scale was confirmed herein, employing standardized and strongly coordinated sampling methods and laboratory bioassays. Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations exhibiting decreased susceptibility to pyriproxyfen were identified. The local DD for malathion was more sensitive than the WHO DD for early decreased susceptibility detection.- Published
- 2020
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14. Measuring mosquito control: adult-mosquito catches vs egg-trap data as endpoints of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen.
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Garcia KKS, Versiani HS, Araújo TO, Conceição JPA, Obara MT, Ramalho WM, Minuzzi-Souza TTC, Gomes GD, Vianna EN, Timbó RV, Barbosa VGC, Rezende MSP, Martins LPF, Macedo GO, Carvalho BL, Moreira IM, Bartasson LA, Nitz N, Luz SLB, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, and Abad-Franch F
- Subjects
- Aedes drug effects, Animals, Brazil, Culex drug effects, Humans, Insecticides pharmacology, Mosquito Control methods, Mosquito Vectors drug effects, Pyridines pharmacology
- Abstract
Background: Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus are the main urban vectors of arthropod-borne viruses causing human disease, including dengue, Zika, or West Nile. Although key to disease prevention, urban-mosquito control has met only limited success. Alternative vector-control tactics are therefore being developed and tested, often using entomological endpoints to measure impact. Here, we test one promising alternative and assess how three such endpoints perform at measuring its effects., Methods: We conducted a 16-month, two-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial (CRCT) of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen (MD-PPF) in central-western Brazil. We used three entomological endpoints: adult-mosquito density as directly measured by active aspiration of adult mosquitoes, and egg-trap-based indices of female Aedes presence (proportion of positive egg-traps) and possibly abundance (number of eggs per egg-trap). Using generalized linear mixed models, we estimated MD-PPF effects on these endpoints while accounting for the non-independence of repeated observations and for intervention-unrelated sources of spatial-temporal variation., Results: On average, MD-PPF reduced adult-mosquito density by 66.3% (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 47.3-78.4%); Cx. quinquefasciatus density fell by 55.5% (95% CI: 21.1-74.8%), and Ae. aegypti density by 60.0% (95% CI: 28.7-77.5%). In contrast, MD-PPF had no measurable effect on either Aedes egg counts or egg-trap positivity, both of which decreased somewhat in the intervention cluster but also in the control cluster. Egg-trap data, therefore, failed to reflect the 60.0% mean reduction of adult Aedes density associated with MD-PPF deployment., Conclusions: Our results suggest that the widely used egg-trap-based monitoring may poorly measure the impact of Aedes control; even if more costly, direct monitoring of the adult mosquito population is likely to provide a much more realistic and informative picture of intervention effects. In our CRCT, MD-PPF reduced adult-mosquito density by 66.3% in a medium-sized, spatially non-isolated, tropical urban neighborhood. Broader-scale trials will be necessary to measure MD-PPF impact on arboviral-disease transmission.
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- 2020
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15. Susceptibility of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in the field, to alpha-cypermethrin in four municipalities endemic to leishmaniasis.
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Rocha DA, Andrade AJ, Moura LR, Figueiredo NG, Pessoa GCD, and Obara MT
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- Animals, Brazil, Endemic Diseases, Female, Insect Vectors classification, Leishmaniasis transmission, Psychodidae classification, Insect Vectors drug effects, Insecticides pharmacology, Psychodidae drug effects, Pyrethrins pharmacology
- Abstract
Although the chemical control against leishmaniasis began in 1953 in Brazil, little information is available on how this strategy has affected populations of phlebotomine sandflies in the field. The objective of this study was to analyze the susceptibility profile of four populations of phlebotomine sandflies to the insecticide alpha-cypermethrin. Sandflies collected in field in four Brazilian municipalities were evaluated using CDC bottles in different concentrations of alpha-cypermethrin. A total of 1,186 phlebotomine sandflies were used in the bioassays. The LD50 ranged from 1.48 to 2.57 ug/mL in the field populations. For a dose of 5 ug/mL of alpha-cypermethrin, the LT50 and LT95 ranged from 17.9 to 27.5 minutes, and LT95 from 39.7 to 61.5 minutes, respectively. All the populations studied were highly susceptible to the insecticide alpha-cypermethrin. Routine studies are needed to detect changes in sandflies susceptibility to insecticides.
- Published
- 2020
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16. Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti populations to pyriproxyfen in the Federal District of Brazil.
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Carvalho BL, Germano RNL, Braga KML, Araújo ERF, Rocha DA, and Obara MT
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- Animals, Brazil, Larva drug effects, Aedes drug effects, Insecticide Resistance, Insecticides pharmacology, Mosquito Vectors drug effects, Pyridines pharmacology
- Abstract
Introduction: In Brasilia, pyriproxyfen (PPF; 0.01 mg/L) has been used for the larval control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes since 2016. Information on the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to PPF, and the development of resistance in populations from the Federal District of Brazil (FD) is limited. It is essential to monitor the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to insecticides in order to improve vector control strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti populations from five areas of Brasilia to PPF., Methods: We performed dose-response tests to estimate the emergence inhibition and resistance ratio of each field population, including the Rockefeller reference population. We also analyzed egg positivity, and the density and mortality of larvae and pupae., Results: Populations from Vila Planalto (RR50=1.7), Regiment Guards Cavalry (RR50=2.5), and Sub-secretary of Justice Complex (RR50=3.7) presented high susceptibility to PPF, while the RR values of populations from Lago Norte (RR50=7.7) and Varjão (RR50=5.9) were moderately high, suggesting the emergence of insipient resistance to PPF in Brasilia. At 30 ng/mL, the highest larvae mortality rate was 2.7% for the population from Lago Norte, while that of pupae was 92.1% for Varjão and Vila Planalto., Conclusions: The five populations of Ae. aegypti from the FD are susceptible to PPF and there is a need to monitor the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti in new areas of the FD.
- Published
- 2020
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17. Intussusception reveals MUTYH-associated polyposis syndrome and colorectal cancer: a case report.
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de Mesquita GHA, Carvalho BJ, de Almeida Medeiros KA, Nii F, Martines DR, Pipek LZ, Jardim YJ, Waisberg DR, Obara MT, Sitnik R, Meyer A, and Mangueira CLP
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- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous complications, Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous genetics, Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous surgery, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli complications, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli genetics, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli surgery, Adult, Colectomy, Colon diagnostic imaging, Colon pathology, Colon surgery, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Germ-Line Mutation, Humans, Ileal Diseases diagnostic imaging, Ileal Diseases surgery, Intussusception diagnostic imaging, Intussusception surgery, Male, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous diagnosis, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli diagnosis, DNA Glycosylases genetics, Ileal Diseases etiology, Intussusception etiology
- Abstract
Background: We are reporting a rare case of MUTYH-associated polyposis, a colorectal cancer hereditary syndrome, diagnosticated after an intussusception. Colorectal cancer is an important cause of cancer related mortality that can be manifested by an intussusception, a rare occurrence in adults and almost always related to tumors. Approximately 5% of colorectal cancers can be attributed to syndromes known to cause hereditary colorectal cancer, such as MUTYH-associated polyposis, autosomal genetic syndrome associated with this disease., Case Presentation: We present the case of a 44 years old male, that sought medical consultation with a complaint of abdominal discomfort, that after five days changed its characteristics. The patient was sent to the emergency department were a CT-scan revealed intestinal sub-occlusion by ileocolic invagination. Right colectomy was carried out. The anatomic-pathological examination revealed a moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma and multiples sessile polyps, which led to the suspicion of a genetic syndrome. In the genetics analysis two mutations were observed in the MUTYH gene, and MUTYH-associated polyposis was diagnosticated., Conclusion: This case demonstrates the importance of meticulous analysis of the patient examinations results to identify possible discrete alterations that can lead to improved understanding of disease.
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- 2019
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18. Morphological study of the urotergite I process in ten species of the genus Triatoma (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae).
- Author
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Osório-Quintero L, Ceretti W Jr, Vendrami DP, da Rosa JA, de Oliveira J, Obara MT, and Barata JMS
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Classification, Trypanosoma cruzi isolation & purification, Animal Scales anatomy & histology, Animal Scales ultrastructure, Chagas Disease transmission, Insect Vectors anatomy & histology, Insect Vectors classification, Triatoma anatomy & histology, Triatoma classification
- Abstract
The insects of subfamily Triatominae exhibit many morphological features used for taxonomic identification. In some species, however, these features are very similar. The authors have proposed by first time the description of the structure referred as urotergite I process. The objective of the study was analyse the use of urotergite I process in the species of the genus Triatoma as a taxonomic feature that may contribute to the more precise and correct identification of these Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909 vectors. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to describe the structure of urotergite I process in ten Triatoma (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) species: Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911; Triatoma circummaculata Stål, 1859; Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834); Triatoma maculata (Erichson, 1848); Triatoma pseudomaculata Corrêa & Espínola, 1964; Triatoma rubrovaria (Blanchard, 1843); Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859); Triatoma tibiamaculata (Pinto, 1926); Triatoma vitticeps (Stål, 1859) and Triatoma wygodzinskyi Lent, 1951. The morphological description of the urotergite I process reflects the taxonomic value of the structure for separating and identifying species of ten specimens of the genus Triatoma. The morphological pattern of the urotergite I process on these ten species was compared, and interspecific variability was observed. We suggest the use of the urotergite I process as a complementary character to identify insects of the subfamily Triatominae. In the future, the use of the urotergite I process in dichotomic keys to identify triatomines may contribute to the improvement of the entomological surveillance of Chagas' disease., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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19. The Role of Immunohistochemical Analysis as a Tool for the Diagnosis, Prognostic Evaluation and Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
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Carneiro A, Barbosa ÁRG, Takemura LS, Kayano PP, Moran NKS, Chen CK, Wroclawski ML, Lemos GC, da Cunha IW, Obara MT, Tobias-Machado M, Sowalsky AG, and Bianco B
- Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease that lends itself toward numerous therapeutic options depending on its risk stratification. One of the greatest challenges in PCa urologic practice is to select patients who should be referred for biopsy and, for those patients who are diagnosed with cancer, to differentiate between patients with indolent disease from those with an unfavorable prognosis and, to determine ideal patient management and avoid unnecessary interventions. Accordingly, there is a growing body of literature reporting immunohistochemical studies with the objective of determining a prostate cancer prognosis. Among the most frequent biomarkers studied are Ki-67, p53, PTEN, MYC, and ERG. Based on these findings, we systematically reviewed articles that assessed the role of these main prognostic markers in prostate cancer. Methods: Consistent with PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature search throughout the Web of Science and PubMed Medline databases. We considered all types of studies evaluating the role of Ki-67, p53, PTEN, MYC, and ERG immunohistochemical analysis in prostate cancer until July 2017. Results: We identified 361 articles, 44 of which were summarized in this review. Diagnostically, no single immunohistochemical marker was able to define a tumor as benign or malignant. Prognostically, Ki-67, p53, and MYC were related to the tumor grade given by Gleason score and to the tumor stage (higher levels related to higher tumor grade). Furthermore, Ki-67 was also related to higher PSA levels, shorter disease-free intervals and shorter tumor-specific survival; the latter was also related to p53. The loss of PTEN protein expression showed a higher association with biochemical recurrence and with a worse prognosis, beyond that predicted by the Gleason score and tumor stage. ERG staining also showed a strong association with biochemical recurrence. Conclusion: There are several studies relating immunohistochemical markers with clinical-laboratorial outcomes in prostate cancer, the most frequent being Ki-67, p53, ERG, PTEN, and MYC. However, none of these markers have been validated by literary consensus to be routinely applied in medical practice.
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- 2018
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20. Author Correction: Surveillance of vector-borne pathogens under imperfect detection: lessons from Chagas disease risk (mis)measurement.
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Minuzzi-Souza TTC, Nitz N, Cuba CAC, Hagström L, Hecht MM, Santana C, Ribeiro M, Vital TE, Santalucia M, Knox M, Obara MT, Abad-Franch F, and Gurgel-Gonçalves R
- Abstract
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
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- 2018
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21. Quantification through TLC-densitometric analysis, repellency and anticholinesterase activity of the homemade extract of Indian cloves.
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Affonso RS, Lima JA, Lessa BM, Caetano JVO, Obara MT, Nóbrega AB, Nepovimova E, Musilek K, Kuca K, Slana GBCA, and França TCC
- Subjects
- Acetylcholinesterase metabolism, Adult, Aedes drug effects, Animals, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Densitometry, Eugenol analysis, Eugenol chemistry, Eugenol pharmacology, Humans, Limit of Detection, Linear Models, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult, Cholinesterase Inhibitors analysis, Cholinesterase Inhibitors chemistry, Cholinesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Chromatography, Thin Layer methods, Insect Repellents analysis, Insect Repellents chemistry, Insect Repellents pharmacology, Plant Extracts analysis, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Syzygium chemistry
- Abstract
The rise of the mosquitoes-transmitted diseases, like dengue, zika and chikungunya in Brazil in the last years has increased concerns on protection against mosquitoes bites. However, the prohibitive prices of the commercially available repellents for the majority of the Brazilian population has provoked a search for cheaper solutions, like the use of the homemade ethanolic extract of Indian clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) as repellent, which has been reported as quite efficient by the local press. In order to verify this, we performed here the quantification of the main components of this extract through high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometry and evaluated its efficiency as a repellent and its acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition capacity. Our results have proved HPTLC-densitometry as an efficient and appropriate method for this quantification and confirmed the repellency activity, as well as its capacity of AChE inhibition., (Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
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- 2018
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22. Surveillance of vector-borne pathogens under imperfect detection: lessons from Chagas disease risk (mis)measurement.
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Minuzzi-Souza TTC, Nitz N, Cuba CAC, Hagström L, Hecht MM, Santana C, Ribeiro M, Vital TE, Santalucia M, Knox M, Obara MT, Abad-Franch F, and Gurgel-Gonçalves R
- Abstract
Vector-borne pathogens threaten human health worldwide. Despite their critical role in disease prevention, routine surveillance systems often rely on low-complexity pathogen detection tests of uncertain accuracy. In Chagas disease surveillance, optical microscopy (OM) is routinely used for detecting Trypanosoma cruzi in its vectors. Here, we use replicate T. cruzi detection data and hierarchical site-occupancy models to assess the reliability of OM-based T. cruzi surveillance while explicitly accounting for false-negative and false-positive results. We investigated 841 triatomines with OM slides (1194 fresh, 1192 Giemsa-stained) plus conventional (cPCR, 841 assays) and quantitative PCR (qPCR, 1682 assays). Detections were considered unambiguous only when parasitologists unmistakably identified T. cruzi in Giemsa-stained slides. qPCR was >99% sensitive and specific, whereas cPCR was ~100% specific but only ~55% sensitive. In routine surveillance, examination of a single OM slide per vector missed ~50-75% of infections and wrongly scored as infected ~7% of the bugs. qPCR-based and model-based infection frequency estimates were nearly three times higher, on average, than OM-based indices. We conclude that the risk of vector-borne Chagas disease may be substantially higher than routine surveillance data suggest. The hierarchical modelling approach we illustrate can help enhance vector-borne disease surveillance systems when pathogen detection is imperfect.
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- 2018
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23. Catalog of the entomologic collections of the Faculty of Public Health of the University of Sao Paulo - (2nd series ii): Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae).
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Vendrami DP, Marrelli MT, Obara MT, Barata JMS, and Ceretti-Junior W
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- Animals, Brazil, Female, Male, Universities, Entomology, Insect Vectors classification, Triatominae classification
- Abstract
This article reports a list with 912 specimens of the subfamily Triatominae deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Faculty of Public Health of the University of Sao Paulo. The collection is composed of 1 holotype, 3 alotypes, 15 paralectotypes, 77 paratypes, distributed in 5 tribes and 12 genera: Tribus Alberprosenini: genus Alberprosenia Martinez & Carcavallo, 1977; Tribus Bolboderini: genus Microtriatoma Prosen & Martinez, 1952; Tribus Cavernicolini: genus Cavernicola Barber, 1937; Tribus Rhodnini: genus Psammolestes Bergroth, 1941; genus Rhodnius Stal, 1859; Tribus Triatomini: genus Dipetalogaster Usinger 1939; genus Eratyrus Stal 1859; genus Hermanlentia Jurberg & Galvão, 1997; genus Linshcosteus Distant, 1904; 1944; genus Panstrongylus Berg 1879; genus Paratriatoma Barber 1938; genus Triatoma Laporte 1833.
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- 2018
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24. Synanthropic triatomines as potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in Central Brazil.
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Minuzzi-Souza TTC, Nitz N, Cuba CAC, Santalucia M, Knox M, Hagström L, Furtado CB, Vital TE, Obara MT, Hecht MM, and Gurgel-Gonçalves R
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Female, Insect Vectors classification, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Population Density, Triatominae classification, Trypanosoma cruzi genetics, Insect Vectors parasitology, Triatominae parasitology, Trypanosoma cruzi isolation & purification
- Abstract
Introduction: Chagas disease surveillance requires current knowledge on synanthropic triatomines. We analyzed the occurrence and Trypanosoma cruzi infection rates of triatomine bugs in central Brazil, during 2012-2014., Methods: Triatomines were collected inside or around houses, and T. cruzi infection was determined by optical microscopy and conventional/quantitative polymerase chain reaction., Results: Of the 2706 triatomines collected, Triatoma sordida was the most frequent species in Goiás State, whereas Panstrongylus megistus predominated in the Federal District. Parasites identified were T. cruzi, T. rangeli, and Blastocrithidia sp., Conclusions: P. megistus and T. sordida sustained the risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans in central Brazil.
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- 2017
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25. The role of gallery forests in maintaining Phlebotominae populations: potential Leishmania spp. vectors in the Brazilian savanna.
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Machado TDO, Minuzzi-Souza TTC, Ferreira TS, Freire LP, Timbó RV, Vital TE, Nitz N, Silva MN, Santos AS Junior, Sales NMC, Obara MT, Andrade AJ, and Gurgel-Gonçalves R
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Forests, Insect Vectors, Psychodidae classification, Grassland, Leishmania isolation & purification, Psychodidae parasitology
- Abstract
Background: Knowledge on synanthropic phlebotomines and their natural infection by Leishmania is necessary for the identification of potential areas for leishmaniasis occurrence., Objective: To analyse the occurrence of Phlebotominae in gallery forests and household units (HUs) in the city of Palmas and to determine the rate of natural infection by trypanosomatids., Methods: Gallery forests and adjacent household areas were sampled on July (dry season) and November (rainy season) in 2014. The total sampling effort was 960 HP light traps and eight Shannon traps. Trypanosomatids were detected in Phlebotominae females through the amplification of the SSU rDNA region, and the positive samples were used in ITS1-PCR. Trypanosomatid species were identified using sequencing., Findings: A total of 1,527 sand flies representing 30 species were captured in which 949 (28 spp.) and 578 (22 spp.) were registered in July and November, respectively. In July, more specimens were captured in the gallery forests than in the HUs, and Nyssomyia whitmani was particularly frequent. In November, most of the specimens were found in the HUs, and again, Ny. whitmani was the predominant species. Lutzomyia longipalpis was commonly found in domestic areas, while Bichromomyia flaviscutellata was most frequent in gallery forests. Molecular analysis of 154 pools of females (752 specimens) identified Leishmania amazonensis, L. infantum, and Crithidia fasciculata in Ny. whitmani, as well as L. amazonensis in Lu. longipalpis, Trypanosoma sp. and L. amazonensis in Pintomyia christenseni, and L. amazonensis in both Psathyromyia hermanlenti and Evandromyia walkeri., Main Conclusions: These results show the importance of gallery forests in maintaining Phlebotominae populations in the dry month, as well as their frequent occurrence in household units in the rainy month. This is the first study to identify Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Crithidia species in Phlebotominae collected in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil.
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- 2017
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26. Wing geometry of Triatoma sordida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) populations from Brazil.
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Vendrami DP, Obara MT, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Ceretti-Junior W, and Marrelli MT
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- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Brazil epidemiology, Chagas Disease epidemiology, Chagas Disease transmission, Female, Humans, Insect Vectors classification, Insect Vectors parasitology, Phylogeny, Population Density, Principal Component Analysis, Triatoma classification, Triatoma parasitology, Trypanosoma cruzi physiology, Insect Vectors anatomy & histology, Triatoma anatomy & histology, Wings, Animal anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Triatoma sordida has a widespread distribution in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay and is frequently found in peridomestic environments. We investigated size and shape variability of T. sordida wings across Brazil. Field-collected adults from twelve populations were studied. For each individual female, seven landmarks on the right wing were digitalized. Shape variables derived from Procrustes superimposition were used in Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Wing size and shape variations among populations was explored by means of ANOVA. Wing centroid size was significantly different among T. sordida populations; specimens from Bahia (East) were larger than those of Mato Grosso do Sul (West). PCA based on wing shape variables showed low wing shape variability. These results reinforce previous data showing low genetic variability among T. sordida populations from Brazil., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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27. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging findings of prostatic pure leiomyomas.
- Author
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Mussi TC, Costa YB, Obara MT, Queiroz MR, Garcia RG, Longo JA, Lemos GC, and Baroni RH
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Image-Guided Biopsy, Leiomyoma pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional, Male, Middle Aged, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Leiomyoma diagnostic imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Prostatic Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Objective:: To describe the imaging findings of prostatic tumors nonadenocarcinoma on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging., Methods:: A total of 200 patients underwented multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate for screening for prostate cancer, from August 2013 to September 2014, followed by biopsy with ultrasound/magnetic resonance imaging fusion., Results:: We found three pathologic proved cases of prostatic pure leiomyomas (0.02%) in our series and described the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging features of these prostatic leiomyomas. The imaging findings had similar features to lesions with moderate or high suspicion for significant cancer (Likert 4 or 5) when localized both in the transitional zone or in the peripheral zone of the gland., Conclusion:: Pure prostatic leiomyomas had imaging findings on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging that mimicked usual adenocarcinomas on this test. Radiologists, urologists and pathologists must be aware of this entity and its imaging features., Objetivo:: Descrever os achados de imagem de tumores prostáticos não adenocarcinoma na ressonância magnética multiparamétrica., Métodos:: Realizaram ressonância magnética multiparamétrica da próstata para detecção de câncer de próstata 200 pacientes de agosto de 2013 a setembro de 2014, seguida por biópsia com fusão de imagens de ultrassonografia/ressonância magnética., Resultados:: Encontramos três casos confirmados histologicamente de leiomiomas prostáticos puros (0,02%) em nossa casuística e descrevemos os achados da ressonância magnética multiparamétrica destes casos de leiomiomas. Os achados de imagem foram semelhantes aos de lesões com moderada ou alta suspeição para neoplasia clinicamente significante (Likert 4 ou 5) quando localizados na zona de transição ou zona periférica da próstata., Conclusão:: Leiomiomas puros da próstata tiveram achados de imagem na ressonância magnética multiparamétrica que mimetizaram adenocarcinomas. Radiologistas, urologistas e patologistas devem estar cientes destas entidades e seus achados de imagem., Competing Interests: none.
- Published
- 2016
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28. Molecular detection of Trypanosoma sp. and Blastocrithidia sp. (Trypanosomatidae) in phlebotomine sand flies (Psychodidae) in the Federal District of Brazil.
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Ferreira Tde S, Minuzzi-Souza TT, Andrade AJ, Coelho TO, Rocha Dde A, Obara MT, Hecht M, Nitz N, and Gurgel-Gonçalves R
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Female, Insect Vectors classification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Psychodidae classification, Trypanosomatina classification, Trypanosomatina isolation & purification, DNA, Kinetoplast genetics, DNA, Protozoan genetics, Insect Vectors parasitology, Psychodidae parasitology, Trypanosomatina genetics
- Abstract
Introduction: This study describes the occurrence of trypanosomatids in phlebotomines in Brasília, Brazil., Methods: Two hundred and ten females of 13 sand fly species were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using different molecular markers (D7 24Sα rRNA, kDNA, and ITS1) and sequencing., Results: PCR revealed trypanosomatid-positive samples from Nyssomyia whitmani and Evandromyia evandroi, which were negative by kDNA and ITS1 Leishmania-specific PCRs. DNA sequence analysis of D7 24Sα rRNA amplicons indicated the occurrence of Blastocrithidia sp. and Trypanosoma sp. in Nyssomyia whitmani and Evandromyia evandroi, respectively., Conclusions: Two trypanosomatid species other than Leishmania sp. were found to circulate in sand flies in Central Brazil.
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- 2015
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29. Deltamethrin toxicological profile of peridomestic Triatoma sordida in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Pessoa GC, Obara MT, Rezende JG, de Mello BV, Ferraz ML, and Diotaiuti L
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- Animals, Brazil epidemiology, Humans, Insecticide Resistance, Nymph, Chagas Disease transmission, Insect Vectors drug effects, Insecticides pharmacology, Nitriles pharmacology, Pyrethrins pharmacology, Triatoma drug effects, Trypanosoma cruzi physiology
- Abstract
Background: In general, there was a large reduction in the occurrence of cases of Chagas disease in the last decades in Brazil. However, despite all of these efforts, there have been various reports of persistent reinfestations of T. sordida in a large part of the state of Minas Gerais, for reasons still little investigated. Thus, this purpose of this study was to characterize the deltamethrin susceptibility profile of peridomestic T. sordida populations from North of Minas Gerais-Brazil., Methods: Susceptibility to deltamethrin was assessed in seventeen peridomestic populations of T. sordida from North region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Serial dilutions of deltamethrin in acetone (0.2 μL) were topically applied in first instar nymphs (F1, five days old, fasting, weight 1.2 ± 0.2 mg). Dose response results were analyzed with POLO program, determining the lethal doses, slope and resistance ratios (RR)., Results: Susceptibility profile characterization of T. sordida populations revealed resistance ratios (RR50) ranging from 2.50 to 7.08., Conclusions: In fact, we know very little about the real impact of the resistance ratios obtained in the laboratory bioassays on the effectiveness of the vector control activities in the field. Thus, we prefer to refer to the populations with RR > 5 as populations with altered susceptibility. For these populations, the realization of laboratory and field trials, simultaneous and complementary, permitting the evaluation of both, is recommended.
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- 2015
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30. Assessing the vulnerability of Brazilian municipalities to the vectorial transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi using multi-criteria decision analysis.
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Vinhaes MC, de Oliveira SV, Reis PO, de Lacerda Sousa AC, Silva RA, Obara MT, Bezerra CM, da Costa VM, Alves RV, and Gurgel-Gonçalves R
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil epidemiology, Chagas Disease epidemiology, Humans, Risk Assessment, Triatoma parasitology, Chagas Disease transmission, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Insect Vectors, Triatoma growth & development
- Abstract
Despite the dramatic reduction in Trypanosoma cruzi vectorial transmission in Brazil, acute cases of Chagas disease (CD) continue to be recorded. The identification of areas with greater vulnerability to the occurrence of vector-borne CD is essential to prevention, control, and surveillance activities. In the current study, data on the occurrence of domiciliated triatomines in Brazil (non-Amazonian regions) between 2007 and 2011 were analyzed. Municipalities' vulnerability was assessed based on socioeconomic, demographic, entomological, and environmental indicators using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Overall, 2275 municipalities were positive for at least one of the six triatomine species analyzed (Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma infestans, Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata, Triatoma rubrovaria, and Triatoma sordida). The municipalities that were most vulnerable to vector-borne CD were mainly in the northeast region and exhibited a higher occurrence of domiciliated triatomines, lower socioeconomic levels, and more extensive anthropized areas. Most of the 39 new vector-borne CD cases confirmed between 2001 and 2012 in non-Amazonian regions occurred within the more vulnerable municipalities. Thus, MCDA can help to identify the states and municipalities that are most vulnerable to the transmission of T. cruzi by domiciliated triatomines, which is critical for directing adequate surveillance, prevention, and control activities. The methodological approach and results presented here can be used to enhance CD surveillance in Brazil., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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31. Molecular phylogeny of Triatomini (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae).
- Author
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Justi SA, Russo CA, Mallet JR, Obara MT, and Galvão C
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA genetics, Genetic Variation, Species Specificity, Triatominae classification, Phylogeny, Triatominae genetics
- Abstract
Background: The Triatomini and Rhodniini (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) tribes include the most diverse Chagas disease vectors; however, the phylogenetic relationships within the tribes remain obscure. This study provides the most comprehensive phylogeny of Triatomini reported to date., Methods: The relationships between all of the Triatomini genera and representatives of the three Rhodniini species groups were examined in a novel molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the following six molecular markers: the mitochondrial 16S; Cytochrome Oxidase I and II (COI and COII) and Cytochrome B (Cyt B); and the nuclear 18S and 28S., Results: Our results show that the Rhodnius prolixus and R. pictipes groups are more closely related to each other than to the R. pallescens group. For Triatomini, we demonstrate that the large complexes within the paraphyletic Triatoma genus are closely associated with their geographical distribution. Additionally, we observe that the divergence within the spinolai and flavida complex clades are higher than in the other Triatoma complexes., Conclusions: We propose that the spinolai and flavida complexes should be ranked under the genera Mepraia and Nesotriatoma. Finally, we conclude that a thorough morphological investigation of the paraphyletic genera Triatoma and Panstrongylus is required to accurately assign queries to natural genera.
- Published
- 2014
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32. Mitochondrial PCR-RFLP Assay to Distinguish Triatoma brasiliensis macromelasoma from Triatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis Subspecies (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).
- Author
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Vendrami DP, Ceretti-Junior W, Obara MT, and Marrelli MT
- Abstract
Triatoma brasiliensis sensu lato (s.l.), the main vector of Chagas disease in northeastern Brazil, is a species complex comprising four species, one with two subspecies (T. brasiliensis brasiliensis, T. brasiliensis macromelasoma, T. juazeirensis, T. sherlocki, and T. melanica), and each taxon displaying distinct ecological requirements. In order to evaluate the genetic relationships among nine T. brasiliensis s.l. populations from northeastern Brazil, we analyzed their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequences and suggested a PCR-RFLP assay to distinguish between T. b. macromelasoma and T. b. brasiliensis subspecies. All the specimens were morphologically identified as T. b. brasiliensis. The resulting phylogenies identified two major clades that are congruent with the geographical populations studied. Based on collection sites and in accordance with type-location, one clade was identified as the subspecies T. b. macromelasoma. The second clade grouped T. b. brasiliensis populations. Restriction endonuclease sites were observed in the sequences and used in PCR-RFLP assays, producing distinct fingerprints for T. b. macromelasoma and T. b. brasiliensis populations. The results suggest that these are different species and that gene flow occurs only among T. b. brasiliensis populations, possibly associated with human activity in the area.
- Published
- 2013
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33. [Monitoring the susceptibility of Triatoma sordida Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to deltamethrin insecticide, in Central-Western Brazil].
- Author
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Obara MT, Otrera VC, Gonçalves RG, Santos JP, Santalucia M, Rosa JA, Almeida PS, and Barata JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Insect Vectors, Insecticide Resistance, Insecticides, Nitriles, Pyrethrins, Triatoma
- Abstract
Introduction: Triatoma sordida Stål, 1859 populations were investigated for susceptibility to deltamethrin., Methods: This study aimed to analyze the resistance of 11 populations of insects from the States of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul by topical application bioassays., Results: The estimated LD50 and RR50 showed high levels of susceptibility (LD50 < 1 and RR50 < 2). However, analysis of the slope of the dose response curve showed that the populations of insects in the towns of Firminópolis/GO, Posse/GO, Poxoréu/MT, Douradina/MS and Aparecida do Taboado/MS present great probability of evolving resistance and, thus, are more likely to tolerate treatment with deltamethrin., Conclusions: Small changes in susceptibility and low levels of resistance were detected, but the temporal changes of susceptibility should be continuously monitored to adequately guide the actions of vector-control of DC.
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- 2011
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34. Comparative descriptions of eggs from three species of Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae).
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Santos CM, Jurberg J, Galvão C, Rosa JA, Júnior WC, Barata JM, and Obara MT
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- Animals, Rhodnius classification, Species Specificity, Ovum ultrastructure, Rhodnius anatomy & histology
- Abstract
The authors describe and compare the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of eggs from the three most recent described species of the genus Rhodnius Stål, 1859, which have not previously been studied. These species are Rhodnius colombiensis (Mejia, Galvão & Jurberg 1999), Rhodnius milesi (Carcavallo, Rocha, Galvão & Jurberg 2001) and Rhodnius stali (Lent, Jurberg & Galvão 1993). The results revealed that there are similarities in the exochorial architecture of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; these include the predominance of hexagonal cells that are common to all Rhodnius species and variable degrees of lateral flattening, which is common not only to species of this genus, but also to the Rhodniini tribe. Differences in overall colour, the presence of a collar in R. milesi, a longitudinal bevel in R. stali and the precise length of R. colombiensis can be useful distinguishing features. As a result of this study, the key for egg identification proposed by Barata in 1981 can be updated.
- Published
- 2009
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35. [Occurrence of Psammolestes coreodes Bergroth, 1911 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul].
- Author
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Almeida PS, Gonçalves GM, Minzão LD, Larson RV, Cristaldo LC, Ceretti Júnior W, Obara MT, and Barata JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Triatominae classification
- Abstract
This paper describes the occurrence of Psammolestes coreodes Bergroth, 1911, for the first time in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. In 2006, a specimen was caught in a peridomestic environment in the municipality of Miranda, thereby including Mato Grosso do Sul within the geographical distribution of this species.
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- 2009
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36. Thyroid function after unilateral total lobectomy: risk factors for postoperative hypothyroidism.
- Author
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De Carlucci D Jr, Tavares MR, Obara MT, Martins LA, Hojaij FC, and Cernea CR
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- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Brazil, Cohort Studies, Female, Goiter pathology, Humans, Hypothyroidism drug therapy, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Preoperative Care methods, Probability, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution, Thyroid Function Tests, Thyrotropin blood, Thyrotropin metabolism, Thyroxine analysis, Thyroxine metabolism, Thyroxine therapeutic use, Goiter surgery, Hypothyroidism epidemiology, Hypothyroidism etiology, Thyroidectomy adverse effects, Thyroidectomy methods
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the incidence of postoperative hypothyroidism among patients who underwent unilateral total lobectomy and identify related factors., Design: Retrospective medical record analysis., Setting: Oncological center and private clinic., Patients: From March 1996 to July 2005, 228 euthyroid patients underwent unilateral total lobectomy for benign diseases; 168 had all the information required for inclusion in this study., Main Outcome Measures: Serum levels of thyrotropin and antithyroidal antibodies were assessed, as well as ultrasonographic evaluation of the remaining thyroid lobe and review of all histological specimens, with emphasis on lymphocytic infiltration. Hypothyroidism was defined as thyrotropin level greater than 5.5 mU/L., Results: Most patients were female (88%), with a median (range) age of 45 (16-72) years. Hypothyroidism occurred in 61 cases (32.8%), during a median follow-up period of 29 months (range, 6-108 months). Statistically related factors included higher preoperative thyrotropin levels (2.1 mU/L among hypothyroid patients vs 1.2 mU/L in euthyroid patients; P < .001), smaller thyroid remnant volume (3.9 mL vs 6.0 mL, respectively; P = .003); right vs left lobectomy (P = .006), and higher thyroperoxidase antibody serum levels (P = .009)., Conclusions: Postoperative hypothyroidism appeared in 32.8% of the cases in this series, especially among patients with elevated preoperative thyrotropin and postoperative thyroperoxidase antibody levels, after right lobectomy and when a smaller thyroid remnant was left. After confirmation with larger prospective series, these results may support the indication for early postoperative hormone supplementation in these instances.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. [Survey of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) fauna in domestic environments and natural infection by Trypanosomatidae in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul].
- Author
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Almeida PS, Ceretti Júnior W, Obara MT, Santos HR, Barata JM, and Faccenda O
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Chagas Disease transmission, Housing, Panstrongylus classification, Population Density, Population Surveillance, Rhodnius classification, Triatoma classification, Panstrongylus parasitology, Rhodnius parasitology, Triatoma parasitology, Trypanosoma cruzi isolation & purification
- Abstract
Between 2000 and 2004, a survey of Triatominae fauna (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and examination of natural infection caused by Trypanosomatidae in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, was conducted. A total of 13,671 specimens were collected. Through fauna analysis on the insects that were caught, Triatoma sordida was characterized as very abundant, very frequent, constant and dominant. The rates of natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi were 3.2% for Panstrongylus geniculatus, 0.6% for Rhodnius neglectus and 0.1% for Triatoma sordida. Nevertheless, the State of Mato Grosso do Sul is free from endemic vector transmission.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. [Occurrence of Panstrongylus guentheri Berg (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil].
- Author
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Almeida PS, Santos HR, Barata JM, Obara MT, and Ceretti W Jr
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Reduviidae
- Abstract
The first occurrence of Panstrongylus guentheri Berg in Brazil is presented. This species had been reported only in the territories of Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and Uruguay. We have extended the geographic distribution of this Triatominae, with two specimens captured in Bodoquena and Itaporã cities, both in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. These specimens were found in the intradomestic environment.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. [Morphological and histological study of eggs of six species of the Triatoma genus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)].
- Author
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Obara MT, da Rosa JA, da Silva NN, Ceretti W Jr, Urbinatti PR, Barata JM, Jurberg J, and Galvão C
- Subjects
- Animals, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Ovum ultrastructure, Triatoma classification
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the morphological and histological characteristics of eggs from six triatomine species in order to obtain a generic and specific characterization of this group of Trypanosoma cruzi vectors and better understand their phylogenetic and taxonomic aspects. The eggs of the respective species came from the collection of the Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Culicídeos da Faculdade de Saúde Pública/USP, from the Insetário do Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara - SESA and from the Triatomine insectary of the Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos (FIOCRUZ), in Rio de Janeiro. Morphological studies were done with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Histological analyses used only optical microscopy. All of the species analyzed showed a predominance of hexagonal cells. The exchorion of Triatoma breyeri Del Ponte, T. costalimai Verano Galvão, and T. tibiamaculata (Pinto) consists of unornamented cells, overlapping or slightly separated, with a smooth, padded appearance. Meanwhile, in T. matogrossensis Leite Barbosa, T. sherlocki Papa, Juberg, Carcavallo, Cerqueira Barata, and T. williami Galvão, Souza Lima, the exchorion cells are ornamented on their entire surface with perforations and fissures. Egg histology showed undulations, pores, and orifices. The study helps to expand the generic and specific knowledge of the Triatominae subfamily. The characteristics identified in the exchorion of the eggshells can help separate close species. These new parameters will back the elaboration of future dichotomous keys, help to determine each vector species role and expand knowledge of the various species.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. A study of the scutellum in eight Chagas disease vector species from genus Triatoma (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) using optical and scanning electron microscopy.
- Author
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Obara MT, da Rosa JA, Ceretti W Jr, Urbinatti PR, Quintero LO, Barata JM, Galvão C, and Jurberg J
- Subjects
- Animals, Chagas Disease transmission, Insect Vectors classification, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Triatoma classification, Insect Vectors ultrastructure, Triatoma ultrastructure
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the external morphology of the scutellum through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in male specimens of Triatoma costalimai, T. delpontei, T. eratyrusiformis, T. matogrossensis, T. infestans melanosoma, T. sherlocki, T. tibiamaculata, and T. vandae. A total of 30 photographs of the scutellum were made. Magnification varied from 50X to 750X. Regarding depth and forms of the central depression, the heart-shaped form was predominant, with some exceptions, so that this shape appears to be a common characteristic for species of genus Triatoma Laporte, 1832. In T. eratyrusiformis, a kind of sensillum with important taxonomic value was observed. The different sizes and shapes of the designs found on the posterior process of the scutellum were also of important taxonomic interest. The study of the scutellum based on SEM showed valuable characteristics, allowing the use of this structure to aid the diagnosis of triatomine species. Thus, more specimens in subsequent studies and analyses of morphometric parameters should contribute to agreement on phylogenetic aspects in this genus. A Key to eight species of Triatoma based on male scutellar morphology is presented.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. [Morphologic, morphometrical, and histological aspects of the eggs of four species of the genera Meccus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)].
- Author
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Obara MT, Barata JM, da Silva NN, Ceretti Júnior W, Urbinatti PR, da Rosa JA, Jurberg J, and Galvão C
- Subjects
- Animals, Chagas Disease, Insect Vectors ultrastructure, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Triatominae ultrastructure, Insect Vectors classification, Ovum ultrastructure, Triatominae classification
- Abstract
The objective of this work was to analyze the morphological, morphometrical, and histological characteristics of eggs of four triatomine bugs species still not studied, in order to understand phylogenetic aspects and to facilitate parameters used in taxonomy, with the purpose of a specific and generic characterization of these vectors in public health. The eggs of each species had come from the collections of the Laboratory of Triatomine bugs and Culicid mosquitoes of the Faculdade de Saúde Pública - USP (Faculty of Public Health/USP). The morphologic studies were carried out through optic microscopy (OM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The eggs were measured with the help of the digital paquimeter Starrett 727. In relation to histological measures, Microtome Leica RM 2145 was used. Similarities were evidenced in the exocorial architecture of the eggs when they were studied by OM and SEM. This similarity among the eggs suggests a recent speciation, probably derived from common ancestry, representing a monophyletic group. Some structures were also detected by the histological cuts. The study has contributed to the magnification and recognition in generic and specific terms of the Triatominae subfamily. These new data will be able to subsidize a better understanding to determine roles for each vector species and to facilitate parameters to be used in taxonomy.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. [Outbreak of acute Chagas disease occurred in the state of Bahia, Brazil].
- Author
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Dias JP, Bastos C, de Araújo EG, Mascarenhas AV, Netto E, Grassi F, Silva M, Tatto E, Mendonça J, de Araújo RF, Obara MT, Silva MP, Furuchó C, and Aras R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Brazil epidemiology, Chagas Disease transmission, Child, Female, Humans, Insect Vectors, Male, Triatoma, Trypanosoma cruzi immunology, Chagas Disease epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks
- Published
- 2006
43. Acute effects of inhalable particles on the frog palate mucociliary epithelium.
- Author
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Macchione M, Oliveira AP, Gallafrio CT, Muchão FP, Obara MT, Guimarães ET, Artaxo P, King M, Lorenzi-Filho G, Junqueira VC, and Saldiva PH
- Subjects
- Aerosols, Animals, Palate pathology, Palate physiology, Rana catesbeiana, Air Pollutants toxicity, Mucociliary Clearance drug effects, Palate drug effects
- Abstract
This work was designed to evaluate the toxicity of inhalable particles [less than/equal to] 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)) collected from the urban air in São Paulo, Brazil, to the mucociliary apparatus using the frog palate preparation. Seven groups of frog palates were immersed in different concentrations of PM(10) diluted in Ringer's solution during 120 min: 0 (control, n = 31); 50 (n = 10); 100 (n = 9); 500 (n = 28); 1,000 (n = 10); 5,000 (n = 11); and 10,000 microg/m(3) (n = 10). Mucociliary transport and transepithelial potential difference were determined at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min exposure. Additional groups (control and 500 microg/m(3)) were studied by means of morphometric analyses (quantification of the amount of intraepithelial and surface mucins), measurement of cilia beat frequency, and quantification of total glutathione. Mucociliary transport and transepithelial potential difference were significantly decreased at higher concentrations of PM(10) (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). Exposure to PM(10) also elicited a significant decrease of total glutathione (p = 0. 003) and depletion of neutral intraepithelial mucins (p = 0.0461). These results show that PM(10) can promote significant alterations in ciliated epithelium in vitro.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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