Search

Adversity within low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) poses severe threats to neurocognitive development, which can be partially mitigated by high‐quality early family experiences. Specifically, maternal scaffolding and home stimulation can buffer cognitive development in LMIC, possibly by protecting underlying neural functioning. However, the association between family experiences and neural activity remains largely unexplored in LMIC contexts. This study explored the relation of early family experiences to later cognitive skills and absolute gamma power (21–45 Hz), a neural marker linked to higher‐order cognitive skills. Drawing data from the PEDS trial, a longitudinal study in rural Pakistan, we examined maternal scaffolding at 24 months and home stimulation quality at 18 months as predictors of verbal IQ, executive functions, and absolute gamma at 48 months for 105 mother‐child dyads (52 girls). Maternal scaffolding interacted with gender to predict absolute gamma power, such that higher maternal scaffolding was related to higher gamma more strongly for girls. Maternal scaffolding also interacted with absolute gamma to predict executive functions, such that higher gamma was related to better executive functions only when maternal scaffolding was average to high. Individual differences in early family experiences may partially buffer the neural underpinnings of cognitive skills from adversity in LMIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emissions of pollutants into the air are increasingly affecting the environment. In this context, it is particularly interesting to consider the ratio of the participation of individual pollutants in environmental damage and their participation in contributing to the economic development and economic stability of the country. The research of the ratio of participation of the activity classification sectors in the emission of pollutants and in the gross domestic product covered 2013 and 2017, while a survey of total pollutant emissions, regardless of sectors of activity classification, was made for 2015 and 2016. By analyzing the results of the research, the authors conclude that the sectors with the highest share in the gross domestic product do not fall into the categories of the most important emitters of air pollution or greenhouse gases, hence, they explain the results of each research segment in this paper. Special attention was paid to criminal law regulations in the field of environmental protection.

Despite widespread recognition that the physiological systems underlying stress reactivity are well coordinated at a neurobiological level, surprisingly little empirical attention has been given to delineating precisely how the systems actually interact with one another when confronted with stress. We examined cross-system response proclivities in anticipation of and following standardized laboratory challenges in 664 4- to 14-year-olds from four independent studies. In each study, measures of stress reactivity within both the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system (i.e., the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system) and the corticotrophin releasing hormone system (i.e., the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) were collected. Latent profile analyses revealed six distinctive patterns that recurred across the samples: moderate reactivity (average cross-system activation; 52%-80% of children across samples), parasympathetic-specific reactivity (2%-36%), anticipatory arousal (4%-9%), multisystem reactivity (7%-14%), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis specific reactivity (6%-7%), and underarousal (0%-2%). Groups meaningfully differed in socioeconomic status, family adversity, and age. Results highlight the sample-level reliability of children's neuroendocrine responses to stress and suggest important cross-system regularities that are linked to development and prior experiences and may have implications for subsequent physical and mental morbidity.

This study investigates the dynamic interplay between teacher-child relationship quality and children's behaviors across kindergarten and first grade to predict academic competence in first grade. Using a sample of 338 ethnically diverse 5-year-old children, nested path analytic models were conducted to examine bidirectional pathways between children's behaviors and teacher-child relationship quality. Low self-regulation in kindergarten fall, as indexed by inattention and impulsive behaviors, predicted more conflict with teachers in kindergarten spring and this effect persisted into first grade. Conflict and low self-regulation jointly predicted decreases in school engagement which in turn predicted first-grade academic competence. Findings illustrate the importance of considering transactions between self-regulation, teacher-child relationship quality, and school engagement in predicting academic competence.

nema

The paper analyses the practical application of preaccession funds in the function of regional development, in the case of development of cross-border cooperation of AP Vojvodina in the period 2007-2013. The results obtained point to the fact that the districts in AP Vojvodina are with the most attracted assets and applicants in the period of IPA programme implementation: South Bačka district (crossborder cooperation - Hungary and Serbia) and South Banat district (cross-border cooperation - Romania and Serbia); that most assets and most projects were realised in crossborder cooperation between Hungary and Serbia; that the participation of realised assets in AP Vojvodina are the following: Hungary - Serbia: 27,35%; Romania - Serbia: 12,98%; Croatia - Serbia: 1,64%; Bosnia and Herzegovina - Serbia: 0,21%. Within the conclusion, an overview was made of the possibilities of the use of IPA II programme for the period 2014-2020 by AP Vojvodina.

The adoption of guidelines by the National Bank of Serbia in the field of insurance enabled the creation of conditions for a safe and stable insurance market. Thus, the analysis and monitoring of liquidity is covered by CARMEL indicators based on the methodology of the IMF. By quantitative determination and interpretation of the obtained values of liquidity indicators (in the case of two insurance companies in Serbia), insurance companies can fulfill their goals to maintain liquidity and financial stability in a quality, serious, scientifically founded and practice-based manner.

When it comes to public-private partnerships in the Republic of Serbia, there has been an evident lack of adequate and supportive legal framework for many years. The first law in this area was adopted in 2011. This paper analyzes the content and significance of the current legislative framework for public-private partnerships and concessions in Serbia. The paper is methodologically based on the theoretical analysis of relevant contemporary perspectives in theory and the normative analysis of the primary legislative source - the Law on Public-Private Partnership and Concessions. Given the complexity and multidimensionality of public-private partnership projects, it is certain that the future development of cooperation between the public and the private sector primarily requires continuous work on the development and improvement of the legislative framework covering all relevant issues in this area.

Significant potentials for tourism development in Serbia are related to rural areas. Rural development, on its basis, includes the agrarian, but also the non-agrarian sector in rural areas, thus encompassing every vital component of the development of rural areas. This paper is, following the relevant theoretical positions, focused on key issues in the field of air quality impacts caused by the emission of pollutants to the development of rural tourism and the potentials of rural areas. These are primarily the following issues: which are the criteria for assessing air quality, or what are the limit values of the parameters for the protection of human health, and what is the trend of air quality by zones and agglomerations and what is the percentage of the population potentially exposed to concentrations of pollutants above the reference level. The mentioned topic is analyzed for the period 2012-2015. Analysis of the results of the degree of emission of suspended particles by zones and agglomerations in Serbia is presented correlatively in conclusion with concluding reviews on the existing ecological potential for the development of the basic rural areas in Serbia - Vojvodina, which makes up 28% of the total area of Serbia, Central Serbia, which consists of 29% of the total area of Serbia and South Serbia, which accounts for 44% of the total area of Serbia.

The introduction and application of special evidentiary actions for organized crime, corruption and other extremely serious crimes is primarily conditioned by the needs of practice. The Criminal Procedural Code includes six special evidentiary actions including: covert surveillance of communications, covert surveillance and recording, simulated operations, computer search of data, controlled delivery and undercover agent. Simulated operations, or simulated participation in operations, are one of six special evidentiary actions, provided by the current criminal procedural legislation. The Criminal Procedural Code prescribes provisions on the conditions for determining the simulated operations, orders on closing the simulated operations, simulated operations implementation, and delivery of reports and materials. In accordance with legal determinations, the authors analyzed all relevant issues related to this evidentiary action. This paper pays special attention to the social reasons for the introduction and application of special evidentiary actions, the general legal provisions on special evidentiary actions, and in particular, the special evidentiary action - simulated operations.

The primary attention in considering the fact that the percentage of hazardous chemicals consumption is inversely proportionate to the quality of ecological potential as one of the basic principles of rural development, which has direct implications for the development of agritourism, the research into the consumption of hazardous chemicals covering the period from 2011 to 2015 in the Republic of Serbia in comparison to EU 28 was conducted. The research was focused on the consumption of hazardous chemicals by divisions of Classification of activities, the consumption of hazardous chemicals by toxicity classes (A-E), and the analysis of the hazardous chemicals consumption by regions in the Republic of Serbia. The results obtained reveal the consumption of all hazardous chemicals classes per capita in Serbia is significantly lower than in the EU, and that the share of the most toxic classes is lower. Additionally, the trend of hazardous chemicals consumption is decreasing in Serbia, and stagnates in the EU. Particularly low consumption is registered in Southern and Eastern region as well as Sumadia and Western region, pointing out at the potential of these regions for development of agritourism based on this fact.

The air quality, in general, has an important impact on the development of rural areas, and sustainable rural development. Air quality is a very important parameter both for sustainable rural development and for life on earth in general. In this context, it is interesting to analyze the correlation between sustainable rural development and the state of air quality dependent on the amount of pollutant concentration, expressed by the air quality index SAQI_11. The main attention in the research was focused on the analysis of the numerical values of pollutants concentrations, for the period of averaging - 24h and the calendar year, in accordance with the classes of the Air Quality Index SAQI_11, and the analysis of the air quality trend by zones and agglomerations for the period 2012-2015. Conclusions on air quality, SAQI_11 air quality index classes, and on correlation with sustainable rural development were carried out for agglomerations “Novi Sad”, “Belgrade”, “Pančevo”, “Smederevo”, “Bor”, “Kosjerić”, “Uziče” and “Niš “.

Human rights are an important determinant of both internal and international security. As an integral part of human security, they are in the center of the interests of the national security system. In theory, they are described as the essence and normative framework of human security. If we talk about human rights as the backbone of the state security, one should make a difference between the implementation of international documents dealing with human rights and the actual implementation of human rights standards. The implementation of measures concerning protection and respect for human rights is a major challenge for every country. The policy of protecting human and minority rights is one of the elements of national security policy defined in the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Serbia. In such context, the paper deals with the importance, place and role of human rights within security policy at the national and international level, including their legislative structure, standards and implementation strategies, guided by the relevant international documents and the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Serbia.

It has become increasingly apparent that publishing research on child development from certain countries is especially challenging. These countries have been referred to collectively as the Majority World, the Global South, non‐WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic), or low‐ and middle‐income countries. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to these persistent challenges, and provide constructive recommendations to contribute to better representation of children from these countries in child development research. In this paper, we outline the history of publication bias in developmental science, and issues of generalization of research from these countries and hence where it 'fits' in terms of publishing. The importance of explaining context is highlighted, including for research on measurement child development outcomes, and attention is drawn to the vicious publication‐funding cycle that further exacerbates the challenges of publishing this research. Specific recommendations are made to assist child development journals achieve their stated goals of creating a more inclusive, equitable, diverse, and global field of child development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common adaptation after major muscle lesion of m. biceps femoris that results in numerous health-sport related complications. Resistance strength training and whole-body vibration (WBV) have been recognized as an effective tool, which attenuates atrophy and evokes hypertrophy. Case report. We presented a 13-year-old boy with a lesion of m. biceps femoris and posttraumatic calcification sustained in soccer training session 6 month prior participation in this study. The patient underwent training 3 times a week for 7 weeks, including unilateral progressive WBV + resistance training (RT) of the right hamstrings muscle group using WBV and weights. Hamstrings muscle strength was measured using a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer. At the end of week 4, the patient peak torque value of the involved leg increased from 39% body weight (BW) to 72% BW and bilateral deficit decreased from -64% to -35%; at the end of week 7 the participant’s peak torque value of the involved leg increased from 72% BW to 98% BW and bilateral deficit decreased from -35% to -3%, respectively. Conclusion. Unilateral WBV + RT protocol evokes strength increase in the hamstrings muscle group. This case study suggests that adding WBV, as well as the RT program have to be considered in the total management of strength disbalance. Further studies are needed to verify the efficiency of WBV + RT protocol over the classic physical therapy exercise program.