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This article proposes a multicomponent hypnotherapeutic approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment. This new approach combines hypnosis with exposure and response prevention, cognitive reappraisal, principles of acceptance and commitment therapy, and other components. In the presented case study, the patient was treated for four months with both biological and psychological first-line therapy with minor effects; the patient was then treated with hypnotherapy. The patient listened to a recorded hypnosis session, which was constructed according to the new proposed principle. After three weeks of near-daily listening to the session, the patient's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale score decreased by 38.5%, which helped achieve a 51.5% reduction from the initial score, suggesting that this method might have significantly contributed to the therapeutic outcome. In addition, this article discusses the differences between the proposed approach and previously published hypnotherapeutic methods for OCD treatment and the hypothetical use of such an approach for other disorders characterized by compulsive behavior. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of hypnotic approaches for treating OCD.

Objective: Hypnosis can be an effective treatment for many conditions, and there have been attempts to develop instrumental approaches to continuously monitor hypnotic state level ("depth"). However, there is no method that addresses the individual variability of electrophysiological hypnotic correlates. We explore the possibility of using an EEG-based passive brain-computer interface (pBCI) for real-time, individualised estimation of the hypnosis deepening process., Results: The wakefulness and deep hypnosis intervals were manually defined and labelled in 27 electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings obtained from eight outpatients after hypnosis sessions. Spectral analysis showed that EEG correlates of deep hypnosis were relatively stable in each patient throughout the treatment but varied between patients. Data from each first session was used to train classification models to continuously assess deep hypnosis probability in subsequent sessions. Models trained using four frequency bands (1.5-45, 1.5-8, 1.5-14, and 4-15 Hz) showed accuracy mostly exceeding 85% in a 10-fold cross-validation. Real-time classification accuracy was also acceptable, so at least one of the four bands yielded results exceeding 74% in any session. The best results averaged across all sessions were obtained using 1.5-14 and 4-15 Hz, with an accuracy of 82%. The revealed issues are also discussed., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Altogether 19 patients with chronic laryngo- and tracheostenosis of different etiology were investigated. All the patients were broken into 3 groups (1--less than 1 year, 2-1-3 years, 3--over 3 years) with regard to the time of canulla bearing. The patients were examined with 99mTc-human serum albumin particles. Major disorders in the capillary blood supply of both lungs were detected. These changes were focal-diffuse. Abnormalities were mainly observed in the apical area of both lungs and in the mediastinal zone. Redistribution of the pulmonary blood supply in the direction of the upper parts of the lungs was revealed. Lung abnormalities increased depending on the time of canulla bearing.

Altogether 43 patients with a primary diagnosis of sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs were investigated to reveal the presence and spreading of dysfunction of external respiratory indices and indices of capillary blood supply in patients with sarcoidosis. Of them sarcoidosis was confirmed clinically in 36. Of the other 7 patients 5 had tuberculosis of various forms, one--lung cancer, and one--chronic obstructive bronchitis. All the patients were subjected to radionuclide investigation with 133Xe, 99mTc-microspheres, and 67Ga-citrate. The results obtained permit objective assessment of the presence and a degree of disorders of external respiration and capillary blood supply and the determination of disease activity on the basis of 67Ga-citrate accumulation that is important for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. The results were assessed with relation to a degree of sarcoidosis and the type of a pathological process.

Sclerotic changes are brought about rather early in case of sarcoidosis. Therefore, it is extremely important for the clinicians to assess a functional condition of the sarcoidosis patients' lungs, to locate the lesions and their extent and to have an idea about the process activity. To a certain degree, the answers to all these questions can be found by means of radionuclide methods using 133Xe, 99mTc and 67Ga. A complex of radioisotope investigations makes it possible to produce a proper assessment of external respiration and capillary blood flow in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, including the extent and activity of the process itself.

The authors were first in the Soviet Union to use a special multidetector system KEFUT BI 1200 produced by the Finnish company MEDIVALMET for examination of the regional lung functions in 110 patients suffering from different lung lesions. The article describes the merits of this system and procedure of patients' examining.

The results of studies on ventilation and capillary blood flow are analyzed in 89 lung carcinoma patients and 28 patients with nonmalignant lung diseases by using 133Xe and 99mTc-MAA. The studies were conducted with the help of scintillation radiometers: multidetector unit and a gamma-chamber. The concentration in the blood serum of biologically active agents: CEA, PTH, immunoglobulin E, ferritin, hydrocortisone and beta2-microglobulin was determined in 76 cancer patients and 19 patients with nontumorous lung diseases. It has been established that visualization with 99mTc-MMA and studies with 133Xe are of utmost informative value. There was not a single specific marker for lung carcinoma that could be independently used for the diagnosis of this pathology. It is appropriate that they should be used in combination with other radionuclide methods and instrumental examination. Besides, they can be recommended for control over therapeutic efficacy.

The results of the visual evaluation of scintiphotography with MMA-99mTc and studies with 133Xe on 130 patients with different pulmonary pathology (90 with lung cancer) and 40 with nontumorous pulmonary diseases were considered. To improve the reliability of the visual evaluation, the zone and lung coefficients (Kz and K1) were proposed making it possible to raise the specificity of evaluation. The extent of disorders of the blood flow in the lungs was correlated with that of changes defined on the radiographs. In most patients with lung cancer, such disorders exceeded the extent of changes on the radiographs--64.4%. In nontumorous lesions the excess of changes was observed in focal processes (tuberculosis).