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Der rasante Anstieg der Elektromobilität bringt zwar Herausforderungen für den Ausbau von Ladeinfrastruktur und Stromnetzen mit sich, und es entsteht ein zusätzlicher Strombedarf. Gleichzeitig ermöglicht V2X Technologie den Einsatz von Elektroautos als flexible Energiespeichern, die helfen das Stromnetz zu stabilisieren und Engpässe auszugleichen. Diese innovative Technologie könnte die Elektromobilität revolutionieren und den Weg zu einer nachhaltigen und effizienten Energiezukunft ebnen. Wir beleuchten die aktuelle Ausgangslage, stellen die Herausforderungen dar und zeigen das enorme Potenzial der V2X-Technologie auf.

The dependability of the power infrastructure is ensured by established testing practices. However, these practices do not address new stability phenomena or issues arising from cyber-physical interactions through increasingly digitalized control technologies. With the above-described challenges and developments, the complexity of test planning and scoping is vastly increased. The proposed framework focuses on facilitating complex cyber-physical system tests. This work has been developed by a group of researchers, members of the IEA TCP ISGAN - SIRFN, as part of their efforts to enhance the close collaboration among international test facilities and identifies potential activities for future application and standardization of Smart Grid. In this context, the contributions from the members are acknowledged. The Power System Testing task is a technical project of the IEA TCP ISGAN – SIRFN to facilitate and accelerate the roll-out of renewables and the digital transformation of critical cyber-physical power system infrastructure.

The increasing deployment of new technologies to contribute to the decarbonization of power systems is imposing new challenges in terms of system dynamics and stability. To deal with different operating and control issues in this sense, and support actual needs, advanced tools and solutions are required. Therefore, this poster presents a two-stage approach to test and validate controller structures to damp inter-area oscillations, developed within the ISGAN SIRFN PST subtask: Stability of Low-inertia transmission interconnections.

The SIRFN Microgrid Task has a particular focus on laboratory testing and validation of components and systems related to microgrids. The task brings together a network of test laboratories and researchers to share best practices and devise common methods of testing. The high level overview of the task activities is shown in the poster, where it can be seen that the activities range from exchange of knowledge and experiences to definition of benchmarks and laboratory implementation of testing procedures related to test cases. The poster will present an overview of the Microgrid task and its recent work on reviewing microgrid benchmark networks and standards relating to microgrids.

SIRFN's vision is to accelerate progress and pave the way for the global deployment of renewable energy and smart grids, in conjunction with joint global activities of research facilities, application & standardization.

Electrifying the energy system with heat pumps and electric vehicles is a strategy of many countries to reduce CO2 emissions. Large electrification, however, poses several new challenges for the electricity system, particularly in combination with a simultaneous substitution of nuclear power plants by volatile renewables such as photovoltaics. The increasing consumption of electricity and the growing number of installed photovoltaic systems are pushing the existing electrical grid to its limits. Today’s grid must be expanded with smart controllers and their components regulated. For this purpose, an understanding of flexible participants such as boilers, heat pumps and electric vehicles, and new production facilities such as photovoltaic systems must be built up. The aim of this poster is to present municipality flexibility potential and the proposed energy scheduler for flexible loads shifting to the optimal place, considering defined restrictions. The results are used to calculate the new parameters for the locally installed model predictive controllers, which control appliances according to the scheduler setpoints, to optimally utilise flexibilities for peak shaving.

To address the emerging threat of climate change, consumers must transition to sustainable transportation. The electrification of the transport sector through e-mobility poses new challenges and uncertainties for grid operators. Without efficient prior measures, grid development problems will inevitably arise, causing a need for costly grid expansions. To ensure a technically and economically successful transition to electric vehicles, grid operators need modern, digital tools that enable the investigation of a variety of future scenarios. At present, these tools only exist in a simulation environment, where multiple assumptions are made to obtain feasible results. This poses a high risk, as operators must design and maintain distribution grids in advance and based on clear-cut scenarios.

Electrifying the energy system with heat pumps and electric vehicles is a strategy of many countries to reduce CO2 emissions. Large electrification, however, poses several new challenges for the electricity system, particularly in combination with a simultaneous substitution of nuclear power plants by volatile renewables such as photovoltaics. The increasing consumption of electricity and the growing number of installed photovoltaic systems are pushing the existing electrical grid to its limits. Today’s grid must be expanded with smart controllers and their components regulated. For this purpose, an understanding of the flexible participants such as boilers, heat pumps and electric vehicles, but also of the new production facilities such as photovoltaic systems must be built up. The aim of this work is to develop an energy model in which the change of these components can be simulated and analysed. To achieve this, data such as weather data, installed boiler capacities, installed photovoltaic capacities, heat pump data and installed vehicle charging stations were collected over the entire municipality. Afterwards, a load profile generator was created, which is supposed to generate a suitable profile over a day for different weather conditions, weekdays and holidays.

In this paper, a deep learning approach for power quality monitoring in systems with distributed generation sources is presented. The proposed method focuses in the multi-scale analysis of multi-component signals for power quality disturbances classification. The proposed methodology combines a signal processing stage using variational mode decomposition (VMD) to obtain the times scales of multi-component signals, and a deep learning stage using a simple feedforward neural network (FFNN) to classify the disturbances. The simple proposed architecture allows minimum training time of the classification model. In addition, the proposed method is able to classify different disturbance combinations based on a reduced training-set. The proposed VMD-FFNN method is tested using synthetic and simulated signals, and it is compared with other well-known methods based on convolutional and recurrent deep neuronal networks. Finally, the proposed method is assessed using lab measurements in order to shown its performance in a real-world environment.

​© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., Transmission systems are prone to experience interarea oscillations, triggered by groups of generators situated on different geographical locations oscillating against each other. In this paper, this particular problem is addressed and different control methodologies using wide-area monitoring that vary on complexity are proposed. The first approach is a proportional (P) gain that consider availability of measurements from different areas of the system and solve an optimization function to command the most influence group of machines in the system. The second approach is a Linear Quadratic Gaussian methodology that uses wide area measurements as control inputs. Finally, a proportional-integral (PI) controller that considers the availability of measurements from different areas is discussed. The first two approaches were tested through different simulations on IEEE benchmark models and the latest approach was tested using a control-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop setup. To conclude, a perspective of wide-area damping controller implementation in a real laboratory demonstrator is presented.

© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., With the advent of power electronics, the application of solid-state electronics for the control and conversion of electric power is substantially increasing at the expenses of simple rotating machines and linear loads. This leads to power quality problems due to the sinewave distortion of current and voltage caused by such power-electronics-based equipment. Consequently, the investigation and understanding of harmonic emissions caused by those devices become of major importance in order to assure a continuous and reliable operation of the electrical distribution grid. The following paper aims to investigate the harmonic issues in distribution grids, due to power electronic devices with particular focus on electric vehicle chargers.

This paper is devoted to the problem of the phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement for power system state estimation using optimality criteria proposed by the theory of optimal experimental design, such as A-, D-, M-, I-, G-optimality criteria. The high complexity of the task posed limits on the possibilities of solving it by exact mathematical methods only to small scale power systems. The paper studies the possibility to use population-based optimization algorithms (Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Ant Colony Optimization). To meet the state observability requirements, the repair procedure is incorporated in the population-based algorithms. This allows to overcome the drawbacks in the existing methods based on the assumption of a priory observability of the power system and to take into account the system contingencies such as the phasor failures, the PMU losses, and the branch outages. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of the PMU placement design's efficiency and computation efforts through the numerical simulations on a standard IEEE 118-bus system.

​© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., This paper is devoted to the problem of voltage limits violations in low-voltage networks with high share of photovoltaic power plants and provides a vision and comparison of different technologies based on their advantages and disadvantages and classification of technical methods for performing cost effective control in the various distribution grids categories. It was carried out based on the proposed methodology, which covers a wide range of technical solutions, to have a clear comparative analysis between different solutions. Technical and economical comparison between the results gained from the load flow calculations in Matpower and the additional functionalities provided from the OpenDSS were used to classify smart grid solutions for various low voltage distribution grids categories and to generate the ranking matrix.

The integration of smart grid technologies in interconnected power system networks presents multiple challenges for the power industry and the scientific community. To address these challenges, researchers are creating new methods for the validation of: control, interoperability, reliability of Internet of Things systems, distributed energy resources, modern power equipment for applications covering power system stability, operation, control, and cybersecurity. Novel methods for laboratory testing of electrical power systems incorporate novel simulation techniques spanning real-time simulation, Power Hardware-in-the-Loop, Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop, Power System-in-the-Loop, and co-simulation technologies. These methods directly support the acceleration of electrical systems and power electronics component research by validating technological solutions in high-fidelity environments. In this paper, members of the Survey of Smart Grid International Research Facility Network task on Advanced Laboratory Testing Methods present a review of methods, test procedures, studies, and experiences employing advanced laboratory techniques for validation of range of research and development prototypes and novel power system solutions.

​© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., In this paper, the problem of real implementation of a transmission grid was addressed. In today's modern society, electricity is the most important form of energy for industry and society. A reliable and stable electrical power system is therefore essential. The growing amount of renewable energy sources leads to wheeling electrical power over long distances and to the growth in power electronics-based generation. Both affect the behavior of the electrical power system. The objective of this paper is the development of a scaled version of the Kundur's two areas system in order to implement it in a real laboratory. Additionally, this setup allows to change the rotational inertia and analyze all terminal quantities with phasor measurement units. The control structure of this island grid should reflect the reality as close as possible. All this together enables to study dynamic phenomena with a real small power system. With this laboratory implementation electromechanical swings such as inter-area oscillations after disconnecting a tie-line, changing loads and generation or tripping a synchronous machine can be shown.

© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., In this paper, symmetrical electric vehicle charging impacts in existing low-voltage distribution grid are investigated throughout proposed methodology and their results analysed. Symmetrical loading- and voltage-related impacts are assessed for the extensive grid. A synthetic EV mix pattern was used with the purpose to demonstrate a universal observation of charging impacts. These patterns were allocated quasi-randomly to the points of common coupling within the grid based on predefined scenarios - 8, 10, 12 and 20 percent. Subsequently, quasi-static time series simulations for a duration of one year in 10-minute time steps were executed. Consequently, this paper yields results, which offer practical insight in the maximum share of electric vehicle charging in low-voltage distribution grids and provide guidance for future decision-making of distribution grid operators.

​© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., In this work an algorithm for identification of power system frequency deviation is presented. The proposed approach can be used to monitor frequency measurements from syncrophasor measurement units (PMU) and to store data only for important events and save storage in the local server. The detection algorithm use a sliding window that rise a flag if the measured frequency deviates from a predefined set point. If the alarm flag is constant over several sliding windows, an event is captured and locally stored for further analysis. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, real PMU measurements from the Swiss power system are used as input.

The article aims at proposing a high-level market design supporting the functioning of the architecture for frequency and voltage control created for the Web-of-Cells power grid structure, which itself was developed within the FP7 IRP ELECTRA. Particularly, it provides a comparison of different market designs and suggests a hybrid approach to the market design for the power system functioning beyond 2020. The feature of the developed market design is the sequential positioning of different timescale sub-markets over the time, the establishment of the market for balancing and voltage control based on the principles of the competitive market and the implementation of the cascading procurement principle in this sub-market. As such, the developed market design is requested for the establishment of the final Merit Order lists of the functionalities of the architecture for frequency and voltage control.

Significant power sector developments beyond 2020 will require changing our approach towards electricity balancing paradigms and architectures. Presently, new electricity balancing concepts are being developed. Implementation of these in practice will depend on their timeliness, consistency and adaptability to the market. With the purpose of tailoring the concepts to practice, the development of a balancing market is of crucial importance. This article deals with this issue. It aims at developing of a high-level economically efficient market design for the procurement of system balancing products within the Web-of-Cells architecture. Literature and comparative analysis methods are applied to implement the aim. The analysis results show that a more efficient balancing capacity allocation process should be carried out in a competitive way with closer allocation time to real-time, especially with increased penetration of renewable energy sources. Bid time units, the timing of the market, procurement and remuneration schemes as well pricing mechanisms are the most decisive elements of the market. Their respective advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in the article, as well as their analysis is done against the selected assessment criteria. The results of the analysis show that seeking to improve the operational efficiency of the market, the sequential approach to the market organization should be selected and short-term market time units should be chosen. It is expected that price efficiency could be improved by establishing an organized market where standardized system balancing products should be traded. The balance service providers, who own capital expenditures (CAPEX) sensitive production units, should be remunerated both for the availability of balancing capacities and for their utilization. Uniform pricing rule and cascading procurement principal should be applied to improve the utilization efficiency.