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Background Methods Consumer and Community Involvement Findings Conclusion PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Modified constraint‐induced movement therapy (mCIMT) improves upper limb (UL) function after stroke. Despite up to one‐third of stroke survivors being eligible, clinical uptake remains poor. To address this, a multi‐modal behaviour change intervention was implemented across a large seven‐site early‐supported discharge (ESD) rehabilitation service. This study investigated the acceptability of mCIMT implementation within this ESD service and identified adaptations required for sustained delivery.This qualitative study was nested within a mixed‐methods process evaluation of mCIMT implementation. Four focus groups (n = 24) comprising therapists (two groups), therapy assistants (one group), and allied health managers (one group) were conducted. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).Consumers were not directly involved in this study; however, lived experience research partners have helped shape the larger mixed‐methods implementation study.Four themes were generated and mapped to the TDF. Factors related to acceptability included interdisciplinary practice in sharing workloads (belief about capabilities), practice opportunities across a range of UL presentations (skills), clinician attitudes influencing patient engagement (optimism), time constraints (belief about consequences), and cognitive overload from multiple systems and processes (memory, attention, and decision‐making processes). Factors facilitating sustained delivery included improving stroke survivor education (knowledge), sharing success stories across teams (reinforcement), manager facilitation (social/professional role and identity), and the perception that the ESD setting was optimal for mCIMT delivery (social influences).mCIMT was acceptable in the ESD service, with clinicians feeling a responsibility to provide it. Key adaptations for sustained delivery included ongoing training, resource adaptation, and enhanced patient and carer engagement. Successful implementation and sustained delivery of mCIMT in the ESD service could enhance UL function and reduce the burden of care for potentially hundreds of stroke survivors and their carers.Modified constraint‐induced movement therapy (mCIMT) helps improve arm movement after a stroke. However, many stroke survivors do not get this therapy. To fix this, we started a program in a large home‐based rehabilitation service. This study looked at how well mCIMT could fit into this service. We also wanted to know what changes were needed to make sure it was regularly provided.We held four group discussions with therapists, therapy assistants, and health managers. A total of 24 people took part.From these discussions, we found several important points. Therapists needed to work together as a team. They also needed to practice mCIMT to get better at delivering it. Therapists having a positive attitude would encourage more stroke survivors to take part. For long‐term success, stroke survivors need better education about mCIMT. Managers need to encourage therapists to provide mCIMT. The rehabilitation service should also share their success stories about this therapy to encourage therapists to deliver it and stroke survivors to ask for it.Therapists enjoyed delivering mCIMT in the rehabilitation service. It worked better than other therapies to improve a stroke survivor's arm function. Because of this, they also felt it was their duty to offer mCIMT. Having ongoing training and better resources would help keep mCIMT going. If mCIMT can be provided regularly in this service, it could lead to better arm function and less care needed for many stroke survivors and their carers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the end of the nineteenth century, the view of labour as control of the environment for human benefit was being re-evaluated. In the United States, the conservation movement of the Progressive era (1890–1920) brought new attention to the problem of the 'wise use' of resources. Progressive social movements also developed a concern with holistic health and social conditions in rapidly industrialising cities. This paper argues that the formation of the new allied health science of occupational therapy in the early 20th century can be understood as a response to the health and conservation implications of changing relations between labour and resources. An analysis of published sources on the aims of occupational therapy in the Progressive era concluded that the early stage of the profession was structured by dominant Western narratives about humans and nature. Those narratives included the trope of redemption or transformation through labour and the importance of conservation as a response to the squandering of resources, both natural and human. I argue that the early development of occupational therapy was significantly influenced by environmentalist discourse as a therapeutic response to industrialisation and emerging Anthropocene awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines employment and earnings in the nonprofit, for-profit, and public sectors in the United States from 1994 to 2022. It reveals that nonprofit employment has increased, while public employment has declined and for-profit employment has remained stable. Nonprofit workers tend to be older and more educated, with a focus on healthcare, education, and religious organizations. Although nonprofit workers earn higher wages on average, when controlling for skills, they actually earn less. This suggests a wage penalty in the nonprofit sector, which may be due to workers accepting lower wages for the satisfaction of working for a nonprofit organization. The article explores different economic theories that explain the wage differential between nonprofit and for-profit workers, but the evidence is mixed. It concludes that the nonprofit sector has experienced growth over time and has distinct workforce characteristics and wage dynamics compared to the for-profit and public sectors. The document also provides data on the distribution of employment across industries and occupations in the three sectors, as well as information on union membership and methodology used to estimate earnings differentials. The data shows that union membership has remained relatively flat in nonprofits, declined in the for-profit sector, and is higher in the public sector. The article also discusses the impact of match bias and earnings imputations on wage differentials. Overall, the study suggests that the wage differentials between the nonprofit and for-profit sectors are modest once worker attributes and skills are taken into account. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction Methods Consumer and community involvement Results Conclusions PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Participation in occupations is considered essential for individuals' health and wellbeing. Participation is a multidimensional construct that encompasses objective and subjective dimensions that transform over the course of life. Nonetheless, there is a lack of comprehensive measures that examine young adults' participation in age‐appropriate activities. Therefore, we developed the Young Adults' Daily Participation Scale (YADAPS) and aimed to explore its psychometric properties.In Study 1, the content validity of the YADAPS was established based on nine experts. Its internal consistency, criterion, convergent, and construct validity were explored among 115 typical young adults (21–35 years). Using a different sample, Study 2 examined YADAPS discriminant validity among 33 young adults with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and 52 typical peers.No consumer and community involvement was included in these studies.The relevance of YADAPS items was sufficient. Internal consistency was acceptable to excellent in most scales (.74 ≤ α ≤ .89). Criterion validity was supported by correlations between the subjective participation scales and a wellbeing measure. Convergent validity was found for all scales. No gender effect was observed (p ≥ .05). However, significant differences (p ≤ .05) were found between individuals with and without DCD.The YADAPS appears to be a promising measure of objective and subjective dimensions of participation in young adults. The results support the importance of examining various participation dimensions, including occupational experience. Thus, it may be used for clinical purposes among young adults as well as for occupational science research, to broaden our understanding on the interplay between participation dimensions in various life situations in young adulthood. However, further research is needed on psychometric properties, the most suited scoring method, and to consolidate their robustness among diverse populations of young adults.Participation, or how one engages in daily life activities, greatly affects wellbeing. The activities in one's routine change over the lifespan, in accordance with one's developmental phase. Existing assessments of participation have limitations, like not considering young adults' concerns or only focussing on certain aspects of participation. By focussing on both the objective‐observable and subjective‐experiential aspects of participation, the Young Adults' Daily Participation Scale (YADAPS) strives to be a comprehensive assessment tool designed specifically for reflecting activities relevant in young adulthood. This manuscript provides preliminary validity and reliability for the YADAPS, a new questionnaire that assesses objective and subjective aspects of participation in activities relevant for individuals in young adulthood. Furthermore, the questionnaire is able to distinguish between young adults with and without participation difficulties; therefore, it is suitable for research and clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study underscores the distinctive role of occupational therapy in advancing the health and wellbeing of forcibly displaced individuals (FDIs), who often encounter contextual and systemic barriers and medical complications that prevent them from engaging in daily tasks. These injustices can be mitigated through health promotion and prevention strategies that aim to enhance participation in daily life activities. There has been limited research in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) in relation to occupational therapy services for FDIs despite most FDIs originating from LMICs. To address this gap, this study adopted Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for a scoping review to consolidate existing knowledge on the occupational therapy health promotion and prevention of disease and disability services for FDIs in LMICs. Searches were conducted on six online databases. Six studies aligned with the inclusion criteria. Findings revealed that most occupational therapy services are directed towards refugees in Jordan, which contains one of the largest refugee camps. FDIs from Africa and internally displaced people receive the least number of interventions. The occupational therapy services outlined in the six sources primarily consist of health education talks, early childhood interventions, and health promotion activities centred around various occupations such as work and sports groups. Recommendations for policy guidelines include incorporating occupational therapy services within the stipulated FDI services. Our approach aims to situate the contribution of occupational therapy health promotion and prevention of disease and disability services within the broader context of FDIs’ overall health and wellbeing.

In this study, we employ 'hidden workers' as a key concept to integrate the three vulnerable subgroups of aging workers: underemployed, unemployed, and discouraged workers. (1) Background: The challenges faced by underemployed, unemployed, and discouraged workers in the older population are complex. It would be beneficial to visualize the intellectual landscape of these three distinct groups in aging populations to understand which aspects have been highlighted by various disciplines and where gaps exist. (2) Method: Through a scientometric analysis of more than 50 years of research, this study identified the size, scope, and structure of knowledge on hidden workers in an aging population using 2831 articles collected from the Web of Science database in January 2024. (3) Results: Indeed, the multidisciplinary nature of hidden workers goes beyond welfare and labor economics and involves issues such as health, occupational science, behavior change, policy interventions, and circles around the keyword of unemployment. Keyword co-occurrence and co-citation analysis confirm that the spectrum of research on hidden workers is being carried out distinctly within distinct disciplines across the broader aging research horizon. (4) Conclusions: The relatively scattered and uneven intellectual, conceptual, and social landscape of research on hidden workers in aging populations evidently falls short of providing concerted policy recommendations for the population group. This study provides a conceptual understanding of hidden workers in different research clusters and identifies gaps and opportunities for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational therapists view play through a unique lens. Considering play as a human occupation, and one to which all people have a right, places occupational therapists among a special group of professionals championing play. This State of the Science article seeks to increase awareness regarding the occupational therapy profession's contributions and to situate those contributions within the larger body of literature on play while also promoting further study of play as an occupation. This State of the Science article seeks to increase awareness regarding the occupational therapy profession's contributions and to situate those contributions within the larger body of literature on play while also promoting further study of play as an occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this topic on education paper is to synthesize the literature on professional socialization across disciplines, emphasize professional socialization as a research priority, and discuss opportunities to improve occupational therapy education. Relevant literature from higher education, business education, and health care professions were included that support the critical role of professional socialization to development of professional identity. A critical appraisal and discussion provide reflection on the role of educators, opportunities for program improvements, and implications to occupational therapy research and education. Dimensions of meaning associated with professional socialization are introduced and offer a unique occupation-based lens through which to view entry-level occupational therapy program experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide rates in the United States have been increasing. Work‐related factors may contribute to risk for suicide. These work‐related factors may be reflected in a varied risk for different suicide methods between occupations. This study sought to assess occupational differences in suicide rates according to the method used. Methods: Death certificate data about suicide deaths in Massachusetts between 2010 and 2019 were used to calculate mortality rates and rate ratios with univariable and multivariable models controlling for age, sex, race ethnicity, and educational attainment for suicides overall, and for three specific methods of suicide (hanging/strangulation/suffocation, firearms, and poisoning) by occupation. Results: In multivariate models, the risk for suicide was significantly elevated for workers in arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media (relative risk [RR] = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53, 2.22); construction trades (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.53, 1.84); protective services (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.26, 1.77); and healthcare support occupations (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.25, 1.93). Occupational risk for suicide differed across different methods. For hanging/strangulation/suffocation, workers in arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations had the highest RR (2.09, 95% CI = 1.61, 2.71). For firearms, workers in protective service occupations had the highest RR (4.20, 95% CI = 3.30, 5.34). For poisoning, workers in life, physical, and social science occupations had the highest RR (2.32, 95% CI = 1.49, 3.60). Conclusions: These findings are useful for identifying vulnerable working populations for suicide. Additionally, some of the occupational differences in the risk for suicide and for specific methods of suicide may be due to workplace factors. Further research is needed to understand these workplace factors so that interventions can be designed for prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study underscores the distinctive role of occupational therapy in advancing the health and wellbeing of forcibly displaced individuals (FDIs), who often encounter contextual and systemic barriers and medical complications that prevent them from engaging in daily tasks. These injustices can be mitigated through health promotion and prevention strategies that aim to enhance participation in daily life activities. There has been limited research in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) in relation to occupational therapy services for FDIs despite most FDIs originating from LMICs. To address this gap, this study adopted Arksey and O'Malley's framework for a scoping review to consolidate existing knowledge on the occupational therapy health promotion and prevention of disease and disability services for FDIs in LMICs. Searches were conducted on six online databases. Six studies aligned with the inclusion criteria. Findings revealed that most occupational therapy services are directed towards refugees in Jordan, which contains one of the largest refugee camps. FDIs from Africa and internally displaced people receive the least number of interventions. The occupational therapy services outlined in the six sources primarily consist of health education talks, early childhood interventions, and health promotion activities centred around various occupations such as work and sports groups. Recommendations for policy guidelines include incorporating occupational therapy services within the stipulated FDI services. Our approach aims to situate the contribution of occupational therapy health promotion and prevention of disease and disability services within the broader context of FDIs' overall health and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Occupational Therapy department at the University of the Pacific sought to custom-design the occupational therapy foundations course for entry-level occupational therapy doctorate (OTD) students. The first and second authors are occupational therapists with extensive experience in clinical practice as well as academia; the third author is an occupational scientist with broad experience in teaching both graduate and undergraduate professionals. Together they were recruited to design and co-teach the course. The course is consistent with the biopsychosocial philosophy that is the foundation for the curriculum design in the program and the overarching goal was to provide a broad lens on the centrality of occupation in human life. The course was offered for the first time during the spring 2021 term and included thirty-seven first year OTD students. Several assessment methods were used to evaluate students' learning and understanding of the course content. A summative course assessment survey with comments was used at the end of the course. This article describes the model of the course design and the student feedback. This approach for designing a new course with integrated perspectives will be helpful to OTD programs seeking to equip entry-level occupational therapists for the complex work of today's healthcare system. The authors will describe the course design, fit with the curriculum, implementation, and student feedback. The authors hope that sharing this course design will contribute toward informing OT education and meeting the needs of healthcare through the use of integrated professional perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article, "Nobel Lecture: An Evolving Economic Force" by Claudia Goldin, explores the increasing role of women in the global economy. It discusses the historical evolution of women's labor force participation and highlights the factors that have contributed to the rise of women in the workforce. The article also addresses the issue of the gender pay gap and proposes solutions to reduce it. It emphasizes the importance of shared responsibilities in the home and societal changes to support gender equity. Overall, the article provides insights into the complexities of women's economic participation and the challenges they face in achieving equal opportunities. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the distinction between studies that assess health impacts and those that are specifically associated with health impact assessments (HIAs). It highlights the misuse of the term HIA in scholarly literature, where studies that evaluate health impacts are often labeled as HIAs. The authors emphasize that HIAs are intended to support decision-making and provide recommendations, rather than simply describing or evaluating health impacts. They suggest the need for better documentation of HIA recommendations and their impacts, as well as the development of reporting guidelines for academic HIA literature. [Extracted from the article]

Background The concept of an occupational pattern in occupational therapy and occupational science has evolved with varying definitions, ranging from activity patterns to patterns of daily occupation.Aims This study aimed to explore the concept of occupational pattern, develop an updated definition of the concept, and theoretically validate the concept’s definition.Method Walker and Avant’s concept analysis method was used, where both theoretical frameworks and peer-reviewed scientific literature were searched and synthesized to clarify and define the concept. Furthermore, seven occupational therapists theoretically validated the concept.Findings The analysis included forty-nine references from various research contexts and theoretical perspectives. The synthesis yielded a conceptualization of the concept of occupational pattern, outlining it into three overarching categories: ‘content in an individual’s occupational pattern’, ‘designing an occupational pattern’, and ‘balancing the occupational pattern’.Implications An updated operational definition of the multifaceted concept of an occupational pattern now exists, with practical implications for enhancing the education of occupational therapy students and guiding the utilization of the concept. Moreover, it holds significance for instrument development and outcome measurement in research; especially in lifestyle intervention studies within the field of occupational therapy.

In this study, I examine the institutional model of data science as a nascent profession undergoing an occupational founding phase. Drawing on interviews with sixty data scientists, senior managers, and professors from Israel as well as observations at the local professional community's events, I argue that data scientists endorse an open institutional model, upholding largely internet-based institutions focusing on knowledge sharing, networking, and collaboration. This model grants data scientists expertise, autonomy, and authority vis-à-vis clients, employers, and states; provides them with continued credentialing independent of employing organizations; encourages the wide entry of new members; and helps them deal with the accelerated temporality of their field. This open model enables an omnivorous spreading of data science expertise and is used to challenge professionalization as an occupational-institutional model in other professions. Still, this model faces many challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The Ministry of Defence Police recognised the requirement to develop a Physical Employment Standard (PES) for the Authorised Firearms Officer –Counter Terrorism (AFO-CT) role profile. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a job task analysis to identify the most critical and physically demanding tasks performed by AFO-CT personnel. METHODS: A focus group and online survey were undertaken to identify a list of job tasks. The down-selected job tasks were objectively monitored during training events to determine the most physically demanding tasks. Tasks were ranked by physical demand and additional factors (e.g., operational load, primary physical actions). Down-selected tasks were then included in a Subject Matter Experts (SME) task scenario generation workshop. The physiological demands of the resulting standardised scenarios were determined. RESULTS: The focus group (n = 11) identified 13 physically demanding and critical role-related tasks. The subsequent survey (n = 907) down-selected eight tasks with a 'moderate' demand or greater. Thirty AFO-CT personnel completed the eight tasks as part of routine training events. From the observed tasks, four tasks were down-selected and combined into two operationally relevant, reasonable worst-case standardised scenarios during a SME workshop. The two scenarios, 'Conduct Armed Search in the Open for an Active Shooter' and 'Victim Focussed Emergency Search' were used in subsequent phases of the research to form the basis of the AFO-CT PES. CONCLUSION: This research elucidated the most physically demanding job tasks within the AFO-CT role profile to inform the development of a MOD armed policing PES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly technology is used in everyday occupations and the value of technology in active ageing is a growing area of interest. People aged fifty-five years and older who reside in supported housing and support staff are key stakeholders to involve in further exploration of the use of technology. A scoping review mapped out key findings relating to how adults aged fifty-five years and older who reside in supported housing use technology in their everyday occupations. A data extraction tool and thematic analysis approach was applied to the data to identify challenges and opportunities to technology use for this population. Three themes related to occupation were identified in which technology use for this population predominantly occurred: Activities of Daily Living (ADL's), Health management and Social and/or entertainment activities. Eight further themes reported opportunities and challenges to technology use; social relationships and support from others, physical and cognitive effects of ageing, adverse experiences with the use of technology, technical language, economic factors, ethical considerations and safety, digital gaps, and thoughts, beliefs and values. Technology use can promote engagement in everyday occupations for adults aged 55 years or older living in supported housing. However, concerns around access to technology as well as complex ethical issues associated with technology use were identified. Further studies exploring the relationship between technology use and engagement in everyday occupations are required to enhance understanding of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ergoscience is the property of Schulz-Kirchner Verlag Gmbh and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ergoscience is the property of Schulz-Kirchner Verlag Gmbh and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dr. Harold W. (Bill) Kohl III had a significant impact on the field of physical activity and public health. His seminal works included the first study linking physical fitness to all-cause mortality and his 2012 paper in The Lancet, which emphasized the importance of addressing physical inactivity as a global public health concern. However, his most enduring legacy may be his commitment to mentorship and building capacity within the field. He created a supportive environment for his mentees, fostering collaboration and growth. He also dedicated himself to mentoring international scholars and played a crucial role in the formation and expansion of regional physical activity groups, particularly in Latin America. Dr. Kohl's mentorship was characterized by generosity, respect, high expectations, empathy, and humor. He emphasized the importance of measuring what matters and encouraged his mentees to think critically and consider the broader implications of their research. Despite his loss, his mentees are privileged to have learned from one of the best and are committed to carrying forward his legacy. [Extracted from the article]

Although women earn approximately 50% of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) bachelor's degrees, more than 70% of scientists and engineers are men. The authors explore a potential determinant of this STEM gender gap using newly collected data on the career trajectories of United States Air Force Academy students. Specifically, they examine the effects of being assigned female math and science professors on occupation choice and postgraduate education. The results indicate that, among high-ability female students, being assigned a female professor leads to substantial increases in the probability of working in a STEM occupation and the probability of receiving a STEM master's degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay underscores the importance of seeking refuge in literary aesthetics by arguing that Goethe's concept of world literature was formulated in compensation for the shock of military defeat, political collapse, and foreign occupation. The refugee became a figure of identification in Goethe's writing in the 1790s and his Orientalist Nachdichtungen. The Goethean mode of reading distant literatures entails identifying with other writers who are often already marginalized within their own cultures. This manner of engaging with non-European texts refuses to establish a pantheon of great works precisely because it relies on a writerly interest in rediscovering one's own identity by reading foreign literature from a position of insecurity and weakness. The goal of reading is always the reconstruction of the self through a strange text. With its eagerness to establish a monumental cultural figure, the nineteenth and early twentieth-century canon marginalized precisely those unGerman texts in which Goethe most effectively dismantled his own authorial status. Only with the demise of colonial empires and the defeat of Nazi Germany did a more modest, anti-hegemonic mode of reading remerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupations are typically characterized in nominal form, a format that limits options for hypothesis testing and data analysis. We drew upon ratings of knowledge, skills, and abilities for 966 occupations listed in the US Department of Labor's Occupational Classification Network (O*NET) database to create an accessible, standardized multidimensional space in which occupations can be quantitatively localized and compared. Principal component analysis revealed that the occupation space comprises three main dimensions that correspond to (1) the required amount of education and training, (2) the degree to which an occupation falls within a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) discipline versus social sciences and humanities, and (3) whether occupations are more mathematically or health related. Additional occupational spaces reflecting cognitive versus labor-oriented categories were created for finer-grained characterization of dimensions within occupational sets defined by higher or lower required educational preparation. Data-driven groupings of related occupations were obtained with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Proof-of-principle was demonstrated with a real-world dataset (470 participants from the Nathan Kline Institute – Rockland Sample; NKI-RS), whereby verbal and non-verbal abilities—as assessed by standardized testing—were related to the STEM versus social sciences and humanities dimension. Visualization of Latent Components Assessed in O*Net Occupations (VOLCANO) is provided to the research community as a freely accessible tool, along with a Shiny app for users to extract quantitative scores along the relevant dimensions. VOLCANO brings much-needed standardization to unwieldy occupational data. Moreover, it can be used to create new occupational spaces customized to specific research domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Interprofessional education (IPE) is advocated by governments, health professional bodies and universities as key to health professional education and improvement in patient safety. Although many universities have implemented scaffolded IPE curricular models across multiple disciplines, few have reported on faculty perception of this approach. This study sought to explore faculty perception in response to a new IPE curriculum model using the theoretical lens of social capital theory. Methods: In 2021, 24 key University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health (FMH) academics (from nursing, medical imaging, pharmacy, oral health, dentistry, applied science, health science, dietetics, medical science and occupational therapy) involved in the delivery of IPE were invited to participate in individual interviews. Using the conceptual lens of social capital theory, framework analysis was used to categorise themes in the data. Results: In total, 46% (n = 11) of invited FMH faculty were interviewed. Positive elements to the implementation of the curriculum model included a feeling of connectedness, recognition of a scaffolded approach to IPE integrated in existing coursework and growing interest of early career academics in IPE. However, a number of challenges were revealed, including structural barriers in course design, timetabling, misunderstanding regarding the IPE curricula and inequity in distribution of workload. Conclusion: Social capital theory provided a useful framework to consider the perceived enablers and barriers to the newly established IPE curriculum. Although the findings indicate that faculty felt positive about implementing the IPE curriculum, a number of barriers were identified, highlighting the need for increased faculty training and broader engagement in development of IPE curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Doctoral students experience decreased well-being during their educational experience. Selfcompassion, engagement in meaningful occupations, and occupational balance positively impact wellbeing in individuals. This study examined the relationships between these constructs in postprofessional occupational science and occupational therapy students. Method: This quantitative cross-sectional study collected national survey data (N = 113) using the Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form, the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey, the Occupational Balance Questionnaire 11, and the 14-item Scales of General Well-Being. Multiple linear regression analysis determined how well each construct predicted general well-being and the strength of each construct's relationship compared to other constructs. Results: The model of combined variables was significant, F(3, 104) = 36.22, p < .001, accounting for 51.1% of the general well-being variance. All predictors were significant, with the self-compassion standardized coefficient beta being largest (ß = .39), followed by engagement in meaningful occupations (ß = .38), and occupational balance (ß = .16). Conclusion: Self-compassion, engagement in meaningful occupations, and occupational balance predicts well-being in postprofessional students, which is consistent with previously known relationships. The participants' understanding of foundational tenants of occupational science and occupational therapy may have helped mitigate further decline in their well-being, confirming the power of occupation to positively impact well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large body of literature describes the occupational gender wage gap at the national labor market level as well as in specific occupations. Yet, among those studies of within-occupational inequality, few have focused on how occupational career change affects gender wage inequality. With an increasing number of female workers entering into the police labor force as well as the high turnover rate in the police sector, it is important to explore wage changes in this highly unionized and hyper-masculine occupation. Using two-wave panel data from the Current Population Survey Merged Outgoing Rotation Group (CPS-MORG) from 1979 to 2016, this study examines how change in occupational career along with change in union membership may lead to different wage rewards or penalties for police men and police women. Our findings reveal that individuals experience a large increase in wages when joining the police occupation, and this wage bonus is greater for women than for men. Furthermore, individuals joining the police as well as a union see a wage bonus, but wage loss when leaving the police and a union. Overall, police men have a larger wage loss than police women when leaving the police force and losing union membership. Policy implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Europe is characterized by an uneven record of Middle Paleolithic occupations. Specifically, large parts of southeastern Europe display markedly lower site densities and less intensive evidence of human presence than is found elsewhere; this has often resulted in the exclusion of the Balkans from debates related to Pleistocene human adaptation. The discrepancy stems either from the lower population densities of southeastern Europe or an imbalance in research across Europe. Additionally, our understanding of Balkan Middle Paleolithic stone tool industries suffers from the use of Mousterian labels defined when Bordian typology was the chief method of lithic analysis. Industrial facies then defined and still in use include Balkan Charentian, Levallois Mousterian, Micromousterian, Denticulate Mousterian; their relation with the rest of the Eurasian record was and remains unclear. This paper sets aside the issue of scarcity of Pleistocene occupations and tries to address Neanderthal biogeography, and variations in Neanderthal technological behavior and subsistence, based on the available record. It reviews the current Middle Paleolithic record in the Balkans, presents the apparent temporal and spatial trends, and presents the provisional biogeography of hominins, including scenarios for the demise of Neanderthals at or soon after the arrival of modern humans in Europe. The paper ends with a discussion of perspectives for future research arising from this analysis of the available record and proposes some hypotheses regarding the role of the Balkans in the overall context of the occupational history of western Eurasia in the Middle/Late Pleistocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From industrial psychology and occupational therapy to the laboratory bench and scenes of "heroic" fieldwork, there are important connections between the science of labor and the labor of science. Participants in the 2022 Gordon Cain Conference explored how greater attention to these connections might deepen historical understanding of what constitutes "science" and what counts as "labor." Our conversations circled around themes of vulnerability (of systems, individual bodies, historical testimony), affect (pertaining to historical actors and ourselves), and interdependence (e.g. across human groups, species, political boundaries, and time). For the members of this group, which grew out of a panel discussion, these themes and motivations coalesced around a topical focus on invisibility, which helped us to articulate – in the form of a co-created syllabus – research questions about science and labor from multiple angles pertaining to practice, archival preservation, and scholarly representation. This syllabus is organized into six thematic modules that aim to challenge and historicize the concept of invisible labor by facilitating comparisons across geographic, temporal, conceptual, and disciplinary boundaries. The goals of this collaborative syllabus, in sum, are manifold: we seek to facilitate more inclusive histories of science through critical engagement with "invisibility" and thereby promote a more expansive understanding of what constitutes scientific labor; to highlight the constitutive role of gendered labor practices in the scientific enterprise; to draw attention to interdependencies that make all forms of production (knowledge or material) possible; to elucidate systems of remuneration for scientific labor over the longue durée and through pointed comparisons; and, finally, to promote self-reflexivity about the methods we use to narrate the history of science and make sense of our own labors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the general relationship between peoples' health-related practices and their affiliation with different fields in the occupational structure. It argues that 'healthy behaviour' may be particularly induced in the field of service occupations (jobs where one is providing a service, rather than producing a physical product), rendering such practices an emerging capital in the sense advanced by Bourdieu. The paper presents an empirical elaboration of this theoretical argument by assessing comparative European data on health behavioural dispositions. Across occupational class levels, defined according to Esping-Andersen's post-industrial class scheme, service workers display dispositions suggesting greater possessions of health capital than their counterparts in the industrial hierarchy. In a multilevel analysis, considering societal context, the paper furthermore associates such endowments with post-industrial development. Elaborating on the general relationships identified, we suggest the rising importance of individual health investments to be considered as potentially instigating and reinforcing symbolic boundaries (social closure). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Being occupied is an important factor in human well-being and ranges from paid and unpaid work to activities of daily living. Various occupational concepts that do not contain health in the phrase such as "occupational justice" are employed to engage with the social barriers people experience in being occupied. The aim of this study was to understand better to what extent the non-health occupational concepts are used in the academic literature to discuss the social barriers disabled people face in being occupied and whether these occupational concepts are used to enrich discussions in areas that impact the reality of occupation in general such as equity/equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI), science and technology governance, well-being and the impact of environmental issues. Methods: a scoping review of academic abstracts employing SCOPUS, the 70 databases of EBSCO-HOST and Web of Science was performed. Results: We found 24,104 abstracts for the 28 occupational concepts we used in general and 624 abstracts in conjunction with disability terms. Of these 28 occupational concepts, "occupational performance" was mentioned the most (in 9739 of the 24,104 and 397 of the 624 abstracts). The next concept "occupational engagement" was already present in one tenth or less. Occupational justice was present in 700 of the 24,104 and 14 of the 624 abstracts. Furthermore, within the 24,104 and 624 abstracts EDI, science and technology governance, environmental topics, and well-being measures were rarely or not mentioned. Most of the 624 abstracts originated from occupational therapy journals. Only 23 of the 624 abstracts originated from journals with "disability", and none with "disability studies" in the title. Conclusion: Non-health occupational concepts are underutilized in discourses that focus on decreasing the social barriers to being occupied in general and in relation to disabled people, which is a missed opportunity and should be fixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore and begin to operationalize workplace elements that influence general surgery (GS) resident wellbeing. Tailoring workplace wellbeing interventions is critical to their success. Occupational science has revealed that a person-centered approach to identifying positive and negative workplace influences can inform tailoring while accounting for individual differences. To our knowledge, this approach has not been applied to the surgical training environment. A national sample of GS residents from 16 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education training programs ranked the importance of workplace elements via an anonymous survey. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify shared patterns of workplace element prioritization and their relation to levels of flourishing, a measure of global wellbeing. GS trainee respondents (n = 300, 34% response rate – average for studies with this sample population) expressed a hierarchy of workplace element importance which differed by gender and race. "Skills to manage stress" and "a team you feel a part of" were prioritized higher by non-males than males. Residents of color and residents underrepresented in medicine, respectively, prioritized "recognition of work/effort" and "skills to manage stress" more than White and overrepresented in medicine residents. Flourishing prevalence varied by 40% with small differences in the specific profile of workplace element prioritization. Differences in prioritization of workplace elements reveal subtle but important differences that may guide the design of wellbeing interventions for different populations within surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat waves impact the health of older adults, and occupations are important for health. An overview of research focussed on older adults' occupations in heat waves can be useful for occupational therapy practice. To identify what the literature shows about older adults' experience and performance of, and participation in, occupations in heat waves. This scoping review included a literature search in five academic databases, four databases for grey literature, and a manual search. Literature in English regarding older adults 60+ and their occupations in heat waves were eligible. Twelve studies were included. Findings showed that older adults adapt their occupations using bodily, environmental, and social interaction strategies and by changing their daily routines. Personal, environmental, social, and economic factors facilitate and maintain occupations in heat waves. Older adults adapt their occupations in heat waves and different factors impact how they can be adapted. Future research is needed to explore how older adults experience their occupations in heat waves, and to deepen the knowledge about their heat-adaptive strategies. The findings support the role of occupational therapists in the design and practice of interventions managing the impact of heat waves in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey showed European occupational scientists cover a broad range in occupational science (OS) research, however, no contemporary overviews of European OS research exists, and current research may provide valuable information for OS and occupational therapy. The aim was to provide an overview of contemporary European OS research. A scoping review was performed, including studies conducted in Europe and published in the British Journal of Occupational Therapy (BJOT), the Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy (SJOT) or the Journal of Occupational Science (JOS) between 2015 and 2020. The journals were systematically searched, and quality assessment and thematic analysis were undertaken. Findings from 93 articles identified many studies from the Nordic countries. Most studies applied qualitative research methods. Theoretical concepts from OS were used in data generating and discussions. A wide range of demographics, and living conditions were explored. Recent articles took a reflexive stance on the positionality of the researcher/s. This review highlights the diversity of OS research, suggesting a solid theoretical knowledge base within European OS research. The results contribute to further development and maturation of the discipline of OS in Europe and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People's perceptions of events like a pandemic are shaped by individual experiences within their socio-cultural context. Attributing negative or positive meanings to an experience may influence the sense of Being, Belonging and Becoming. To investigate the impact of the isolation/social distancing measures on people's sense of Being, Belonging, Becoming and overall sense of Occupational Wholeness compared to the time before the Covid-19 Pandemic as it is perceived by an Iranian population. The Model of Occupational Wholeness used to inform the theoretical basis of this study and development of the survey questions. An internet-based survey using a convenient and snowball sampling method was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire was published using a software named Porsline. A sample of 1624 members of the general population in Iran (67% response rate) completed the questionnaire within the first four weeks of the isolation/social distancing period starting on 18 March 2020. The Data was analysed by the SPSS 22. The participants showed a more positive perceived level of Being and Belonging as well as an overall sense of Occupational Wholeness, and no difference in the perceived sense of Becoming during the isolation/social distancing period compared to the time before the Covid 19 pandemic. The findings show that the isolation/social distancing measures were perceived by participants as an opportunity to meet some of their Being, and Belonging needs that contribute to an overall sense of OccupationalWholeness.This highlights the role that Occupational science and Occupational therapy may have in helping people in situations when they need to rethink and replan for what they Do and the way they attribute meaning to their experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As social and health inequalities deepen around the world, scholarship in occupational therapy and occupational science has increasingly emphasised the role of occupation as a powerful tool in transformative processes. To explore how opportunities for everyday doing together may contribute to processes of social transformation by identifying ways occupation is being taken up in socially-transformative practice. A generic descriptive qualitative case study design was utilised in order to describe current practice examples and identify ways occupation was being taken up in five initiatives working towards social transformation located in Canada, Germany, South Africa and the United Kingdom. Focussing on the positioning of occupation within the initiatives, three themes were developed: The intentionality of the process, the nature of occupation within the initiatives, and the role of occupation within the processes of social transformation. Providing examples of agency on the micro level and of engagement with socioeconomic, political and cultural power structures at the societal level, this analysis raises important considerations in addressing how occupational therapy practice can move in socially responsive and transformative directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary discusses the WHO definition of health ageing in terms of functional abilities, and the problem definition and evidence-based public health response framework outlined in the 2015 WHO Report on Ageing and Health. After identifying the neglect of older people in health policy at national and global levels, some data are presented on the majority of COVID-19 deaths being older people. The discussion then focuses on the underlying ethical and analytical framework of functional abilities provided by the Capability Approach. The approach is presented as distinguishing between achievement and capability, the ethical significance of recognising both, and its inclusion of surrounding social conditions from local to global in assessing wellbeing of older people's functional abilities. Measurement of functional abilities, informed by the Capabilities Approach, is stated to be an enormous and crucial task in establishing a global baseline, and making progress in improving the health and wellbeing of older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexuality and occupation are two constructs studied in different fields of knowledge. Particularly, in occupational therapy and occupational science, their relationship has been sparsely explored from a philosophical perspective. In the following reflection, we present some philosophical approaches to sexuality, occupation, and performativity to inquire about the impact of discourses about sexuality on the practice of occupations. For this analysis, we take an example developed by Foucault in one of his classes at the Collège de France. We believe that this helps us question the established discourses surrounding truth, especially concerning sexuality. Subsequently, we address the concept of occupation, taking into consideration Schliebener's proposal from existentialist philosophy. Understanding occupation as a dimension of being, we explain how it can be comprehended through Butler's theory of performativity and, consequently, express a sexual dimension. Finally, we establish an interconnection between the preceding concepts, taking sexual dissidents as an example. We propose that this reflection can broaden the possibilities of understanding occupations as points of resistance against normative discourses about sexuality. This may be relevant for contemplating practice and research in occupational science and occupational therapy, as it expands the understanding of sexuality beyond mere activities and centers it as a form of expression of being through occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]