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This diploma thesis, first of all, design a typology of users of psychedelics with regard to their motivation and patterns of use, in order to minimize risks, support the regulated clinical administration of psychedelics for therapeutic purposes and improve public health. In the second place, it also collect current data on the use of psychedelics in the EU and European legislation on the use of narcotics and psychotropic substances. Data were collected from structured questionnaires from 2019, which were filled by 890 users of psychedelics in the Czech Republic. For the analysis of the answers, a cluster analysis of the data performed using the Ward method was used, exclusively on the basis of questions concerning the frequency of use in the previous year. In accordance with the results of the cluster analysis, a typology of users of psychoactive substances is subsequently proposed, which consist of 6 groups. It was found that the motivation of use is most influenced by level of information, setting and possibility of processing the experience. On this basis, 4 recommendations are formulated for minimizing the risks of psychedelic substance use – sufficient education, providing a protected and controlled environment for therapeutic use, decriminalizing the use of psychedelic substances and reviewing the pharmacological classification of substances.