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Background: In-vivo antioxidants potentials of Sphenocentrum jollyanum had been reported in disease conditions. However, there is a paucity of information on its invitro capacity compared to standard antioxidants. The objective of the study is to screen ethanol root extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (SJE) for its invitro antioxidants capacity and phytochemical components.Methodology: Antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content were determined using ABTS DPPH and GC-MS techniquesResults: Free radicals were scavenged by SJE in all the In vitro methods used in a concentration dependent manner. Howbeit, the free radical scavenging ability and reducing power potentials of SJE were significantly lower (p

Elucidation of the acetic acid resistance (AAR) mechanisms of Acetobacter pasteurianus is significant for vinegar production. In this study, cell membrane lipid profile of A. pasteurianus Ab3 was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI) combined with high resolution accurate mass/mass spectrometry (HRAM/MS). We observed that cell remodeled the membrane physical state by decreasing the ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFAs)/unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), and increasing the chain length of fatty acids (FAs) and the content of cyclopropane FAs in response to extreme acid stress. Noticeably, the content of octadecadienoic acid (C18:2) elevated remarkably. Moreover, a continuous reduction in cell membrane fluidity and a "V-type" variance in permeability were discovered. The content of glycerophospholipid and ceramide increased significantly in cells harvested from culture with acidity of 75 g/L and 95 g/L compared to that with acidity of 30 g/L. Among the identified lipid species, the content of phosphatidylcholine (e.g. PC 19:0/18:2 and 19:1/18:0), ceramide (e.g. Cer d18:0/16:1 and d18:0/16:1 + O), and dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine (e.g. dMePE 19:1/16:1) increased notably with increasing acidity. Collectively, these findings refresh our current understanding of the AAR mechanisms in A. pasteurianus Ab3, and should direct future strain breeding and vinegar fermentation.

The aim of this study was to identify the chemical compound methanol extract of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana from insect walang sangit and the chemical compound roots of red chili plants that were able to stimulate the growth of chilli plants after being applied with entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana through seed immersion inoculation using GCMS method. The chemical compound identified as a growth booster in B. bassiana fungus isolates from the insect walang sangit is an Acetic acid Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid Glacial acetic acid CH3COOH, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Methylpalmitate Uniphat A60, n-Hexadecanoic acid Hexadecanoic acid n-Hexadecoic acid Palmitic acid, Dianhydromannitol and Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol, (3.beta., 22E) - (CAS) Ergosterol (CAS), while the chili root contains Acetic acid Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid Glacials acetic acid CH3COOH, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Methyl palmitate Uniphat A60, n -Hexadecanoic acid Hexadecanoic acid Palmitic acid, 8, 11- octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) METHYL 8, 11-OCTADECADIENOATE, (23S)-ethylcholest-5-en-3.beta.-ol.s It can be concluded that some of the chemical compounds in methanol extracts identified in chili roots have similarities with chemical compounds that exist in B. bassiana entomopathogenic fungus which are potential as stimulers of chili plant growth

Tibetan pigs from the Tibetan Plateau are characterized with a significant phenotypic difference relative to lowland pigs. In this study, a significant difference of the fatness and fatty acid composition traits was observed between the Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs. To uncover the involved mechanism, the expression profile of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and genes was compared between them. After serial filtered steps, 1,964 lncRNAs were obtained through our computational pipeline. In total, 63 and 715 lncRNAs and genes were identified to be differentially expressed. Evidence from cis- and trans-targeting analysis of lncRNAs demonstrated that some lncRNAs, such as MSTRG.14097 and MSTRG.8034, played important roles in the fatness and fatty acid composition traits. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that many candidate genes were responsible for the two traits. Of these, FASN, ACACA, SCD, ME3, PDHB, ACSS1, ACSS2, and ACLY were identified, which functioned in regulating the level of hexadecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, octadecenoic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid. And LPGAT1, PDK4, ACAA1, and ADIPOQ were associated with the content of stearic acid, octadecadienoic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid. Candidate genes, which were responsible for fatness trait, consisted of FGF2, PLAG1, ADIPOQ, IRX3, MIF, IL-34, ADAM8, HMOX1, Vav1, and TLR8. In addition, association analysis also revealed that 34 and 57 genes significantly correlated to the fatness and fatty acid composition trait, respectively. Working out the mechanism caused by these lncRNAs and candidate genes is proven to be complicated but is invaluable to our understanding of fatness and fatty acid composition traits.

Objectives Gypsophila species have very high medicinal and commercial importance and contain interesting natural substances. However, there is no report on the essential oil or fatty acid composition of any Gypsophila species. This prompted us to investigate the essential oil and fatty acid composition of Gypsophila laricina Schreb. Materials and Methods Plant materials were collected during the flowering period. The essential oil composition of the aerial parts of G. laricina Schreb. was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fatty acid compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Sixty-six and ten compounds were identified in the essential oil and fatty acid of G. laricina Schreb., respectively. The major components of the essential oil were hexadecanoic acid (27.03%) and hentriacontane (12.63%). The main compounds of the fatty acid were (Z,Z)-9,12- octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (18:2) 40.4%, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (18:1) 35.0%, and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (16:0) 13.0%. Conclusion The results showed that the fatty acid composition is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The essential oils of G. laricina Schreb. were dominated by fatty acid derivatives and n-alkanes. We think the results obtained from this research will stimulate further research on the chemistry of Gypsophila species.

The co-cultivation of two or more different microbial strains in one culture vessel was supposed to be a viable experimental approach for enhancing the diversity of the compounds produced. Two new meroterpenoid derivatives, chermebilaenes A (1) and B (2), together with three known sesquiterpenoids, sesquicaranoic acid B (3), cyclonerodiol (4) and bisabol-l-on-13-s&auml, uremethylester (5), were characterized from a co-culture of the marine-derived fungal isolates of Penicillium bilaiae MA-267 and Penicillium chermesinum EN-480. Neither fungus produced these compounds when cultured alone under the same conditions. Compound 1 represents an unprecedented acorane-type sesquiterpene hybridized with an octadecadienoic acid skeleton. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configurations were assumed on the basis of acidic hydrolysis combined with modified Mosher&rsquo, s method and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compound 1 showed potent inhibitory activities against Ceratobasidium cornigerum and Edwardsiella tarda.

Dietary linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic (LN) acids are extensively isomerized and hydrogenated by rumen microbes, and this activity can further contribute to the fatty acid profile of ruminant-derived food products. Objective: To evaluate the effects of LA:LN ratio in lipid supplements on the rumen biohydrogenation kinetics of LA and LN, as well as on the trans-vaccenic acid (VA) production, using an in vitro system. Methods: Rumen fluid was collected from a fistulated steer, diluted with incubation buffer, and then incubated with 500 mg of kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) supplemented with 16.3 mg of different LA:LN mixtures (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 or 0:100). Incubations were performed in triplicate for a period of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 16 hours. Differences between treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design. Alternatively, computational chemistry was used to determine the changes in the Gibbs free energy (ΔGrxn) at 39 °C for the principal steps of LA and LN ruminal biohydrogenation. Results: Partial replacement of LA by LN decreased the VA concentration and its accumulation rate; it also increased the stearic acid concentration and the rates of transfer from LA to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and from CLA to VA. The conversion from CLAto VA(ΔGrxn = -2.65 kJ/mol) was more spontaneousthan that from trans-11, cis-15 octadecadienoic acid (TA) to VA (ΔGrxn = -0.29 kJ/mol). Conclusion: The LA:LN ratio in lipids can modulate LA and LN biohydrogenation (BH) kinetics, as well as the VA production in the rumen. RESUMEN: los acidos linoleico (LA) y alfa-linolénico (LN) de la dieta son extensivamente isomerizados y biohidrogenados por los microorganismos ruminales, lo cual puede contribuir al perfil de ácidos grasos de los productos derivados de rumiantes. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la relación LA:LN en suplementos lipídicos sobre la cinética de biohidrogenación ruminal del LA y LN, como también sobre la producción del ácido trans-vaccenico (VA), usando un sistema in vitro. Métodos: se colectó fluido ruminal de un toro fistulado, el cual fue diluido con buffer de incubación y posteriormente incubado con 500 mg de pasto kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) suplementado con 16,3 mg de diferentes mezclas de LA:LN (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, o 0:100). Las incubaciones fueron desarrolladas en triplicado durante 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 o 16 horas. Diferencias entre tratamientos fueron evaluadas mediante un modelo completamente al azar. Alternativamente, se determinaron los cambios en energía libre de Gibbs (ΔGrxn) a 39 °C para los pasos principales de la biohidrogenación del LA y LN, usando química computacional. Resultados: la sustitución parcial de LA por LN disminuyó la concentración de VA y su tasa de acumulación, como también incrementó la concentración de ácido esteárico y las tasas de transferencia de LA para ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) y de CLA para VA. La conversión de CLA para VA (ΔGrxn = -2,65 kJ/mol) fue mas espontanea que la conversión del ácido trans-11, cis-15 octadecadienoico (TA) para VA (ΔGrxn = -0,29 kJ/mol). Conclusiones: la relación LA:LN en lípidos puede modular la cinética de biohidrogenación (BH) del LA y LN y la producción de VA en el rumen.

Four fluorocarbon polymers including polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride were coated on a stainless steel felt to separate emulsified water droplets from ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuels. The original fuel treated with clay to remove additives was additized again with four known surfactants including pentaerythrityoleate, (octadecadienoic acid) dipolymer, (octadecadienoic acid) tripolymer, and monoolein individually. The different surfactants adsorbed on the fuel-water interface reduce the interfacial intension with different intensities. The separation efficiency at various surfactant concentrations was used to evaluate the coalescence effect exerted by these coatings. It was found the separation was both surfactant- and coating-dependent. A fluoro-polyurethane coating (FC1) stood out to counteract the adverse effect of all the surfactants. Solid free energy was then measured using acid-base and Kaelble-Uy adhesion theories for all the coatings, but its correlation with coalescence was not found at all. Coating aging in surfactant-additized fuel on the coating's water wettability was also examined to better understand how historical wetting affects separation. A tumbled model for fluorocarbons was identified that well-explained the continuous decline of the water contact angle on the FC1 coating in fuel. Subject to the challenge of the foreign environment, the fluoroalkyl chains of the polymer tilt to expose the carbonyl groups underneath, resulting in favored coalescence separation in the presence of surfactants.

Two fungi were identified as Fomes rhabarbarinus and Fomes fomentarius and their metabolic compounds analysis was carried out. Both the fungi were exhausted thrice with two solvents viz., hexane and ethyl acetate for extraction of bioactive compounds. Brown coloured extract containing bioactive compounds was obtained under vacuo in rotary evaporator and was subjected to analysis of volatile organic compounds by GCMS. It was found that GCMS analysis of F. rhabarbarinus extract contained mainly, i-phellandrene (29.87%), azulene (6.55%), hexadecanoic acid (11.40%), ethyl linoleate (9.29%); whereas F. fomentarius contained i-phellandrene (32.76%), 1,2-benezenedicarboxylic acid ester (22.63%), hexadecanoic acid ester (5.21%) and octadecadienoic acid ester (5.77%), in hexane soluble fractions. Phellandrene have fungistatic, anti-nociceptive and antimicrobial activities; undecane reducing mild to moderate depression and hexadecane reported for antibacterial and antioxidant properties. In ethyl acetate fraction, F. rhabarbarinus contained i-phellandrene (27.63%), azulene (12.83%), phenol (4.35%), hexadecene (3.82%), undecene (5.18%), hexadecanoic acid (9.71%), octadecadienoic acid (5.95%), pyrrolidinone (1.18%); while F. fomentarius contained α-phellandrene (25.75%), undcene (9.28%), o-cymene (7.22%), n-hexadecanoic acid (6.10%) and octadecadienoic acid (7.55%). The α-phellandrene have antinociceptive activity and azulene is used in cosmetic industry for dermal treatment. Variations in bioactive compounds between the two species of a fungus were observed in two different extracting solvents. It has been concluded that both species of Fomes produces a range of bioactive compounds some of which have fungistatic, anti-nociceptive and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, it has also been observed that ethyl acetate performed better than hexane for extraction of volatile metabolites.

Many uncommon non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMI FA) are present in limpet gonads, but their biological properties remain unknown. To investigate new biological effects of naturally occurring NMI FA in eukaryotic cells, the biological activities of structurally analogous (4Z,15Z)-octadecadienoic acid (1), (9Z,20Z)-tricosadienoic acid (2), and (12Z,23Z)-hexacosadienoic acid (3) were examined by using a yeast-based drug-screening system using the Ca2+-sensitive mutant strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (zds1Δ erg3Δ pdr1Δ pdr3Δ). Among 1–3, 1 showed restored growth activity at a dose of 80 µg/disc in the mutant yeast strain. This phenotype suggests that 1 suppresses Ca2+-signaling of the mutant yeast through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) or calcineurin pathways or both. From this result, the inhibitory activity of 1–3 against GSK-3β was further determined. 1–3 showed potent inhibitory activity against GSK-3β with IC50 values ranging from 8.7 to 21.9 µM. Inhibition of GSK-3β reduces gene expression of the gluconeogenic key enzymes in liver, so we analyzed glucose production in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells to assess GSK-3β inhibitory activity of 1–3. Acid 1 inhibited glucose production at 25 µM in H4IIE cells. Our results would open up new possibilities for an anti-diabetic effect of 1 and might provide important insights into understanding the biological properties of naturally occurring NMI FA.

SUMMARY This study provides evidence that flg22, the most conserved 22-amino acid peptide in the N-terminal part of bacterial flagellin can trigger the defense responses of Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). The defense responses are a chain of events including release of H2O2 and free unsaturated fatty acids C20:4, consumption of C18:3, and the chemical or enzymatic oxidation of both C20 and C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oxidized C20 and C18 fatty acids lead to the production of corresponding hydroperoxy and hydroxylated derivatives, such as 9-hydroperoxy octadecadienoic acid, 8-hydroperoxy eicosapentaenoic acid, and 8-hydroxyl eicosapentaenoic acid, which could be further oxidatively metabolized to yield saturated aldehydes and ketone. Changes of three typical hormones jasmonate, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid were observed. Contrary to the increase of jasmonate and methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid was decreased. The expression of key enzymes of oxylipin pathway PhLOX and PhLOX2 were upregulated. However, some defense and antioxidant related genes including PhHsp 70, Phsod , and PhRboh were downregulated markedly at the early stage of flg22 challenge. Overall, our results imply that red algae have evolved a similar defense response and may share the conservative-recognizing receptor for flg22 as in higher plants.

To better understand the medicinal and nutritional value of mushrooms, we studied the fatty acid (FA) compositions and DPPH scavenging abilities of 11 mushrooms from Southwest China. The crude fat (CF) contents were examined initially, then 3 methods of FA methyl esterification were compared to identify which acid treatment was the most appropriate method. Then methyl esterification methods for 12 CFs were performed with acid treatment and the FA compositions were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that tetradecanoic acid (14:0), hexadecenoic acid (16:1), hexadecanoic acid (16:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:0), octadecadienoic acid (18:2), octadecenoic acid (18:1), octadecanoic acid (18:0), docosanoic acid (22:0), and tetracosanoic acid (24:0) were detected in all the samples, with large amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16:0), octadecadienoic acid (18:2), octadecenoic acid (18:1), and octadecanoic acid (18:0). Daldinia eschscholtzii and Sarcodon imbricatus had the highest ratio value of unsaturated FAs to saturated FAs (4.33 and 3.03, respectively). The DPPH scavenging ability of 12 CFs was also tested. The free radical scavenging rates of the CFs were almost < 10% at a concentration of 0.10 mg/mL, except that of S. imbricatus, which reached 81.25%, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.054 mg/mL. This strong DPPH free radical scavenging ability of S. imbricatus may be related to α-hydroxy FA.

Lipid peroxidation is involved in many disorders and diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and even aging. Lipid peroxidation products existing in blood or bodily fluids are very important biomarkers for the diagnosis of such diseases. In particular, 13(R,S)-hydroxy-9(E),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (13-(E,E)-HODE) is an oxidiation product of linoleic acid, which is an important biomarker for many diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we successfully displayed the antigen-binding fragment of an antibody produced by hybridoma 1213-1 on the M13 phage and performed analysis of the antibody variable region genes. The blast results suggested that it is a novel antibody. We also developed a phage-antibody-based competitive ELISA and a novel Open Sandwich ELISA (OS ELISA) for the detection of 13-(E,E)-HODE. The OS ELISA showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 15.6 nM of 13-(E,E)-HODE and low cross-reactivity with other HODE such as 9-(E,E)-HODE. Another format of the open sandwich ELISA with purified maltose binding protein-fused VL and VH-phage showed a lower LOD of 2.2 nM of 13-(E,E)-HODE, which may be sensitive enough to detect the concentration of 13-(E,E)-HODE in patients’ blood samples. This is the first OS ELISA for the detection of lipids, and we believe it also represents the first molecular cloning of anti-HODE antibody genes.

Six compounds in a methanolic extract of Petiveria alliacea stem (cis-stilbene; benzyl disulphide; benzyl trisulphide; and methyl esters of hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecenoic acid) are known to exercise acaricide activity against cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus larvae and adults. The synergistic effect of 57 combinations of these six compounds on acaricide activity against R. microplus was evaluated. Larvae immersion tests produced the lethal concentrations needed to kill 50% (LC50) and 99% (LC99) of the population. Adult immersion tests produced rates (%) for mortality, oviposition inhibition and eclosion inhibition. Individually, none of the compounds (1% concentration) exhibited acaricide activity (mortality ≤2.3%). When combined, however, nine mixtures exhibited a synergistic increase in activity, with high mortality rates (≥92%) in larvae. Values for LC50 ranged from 0.07 to 0.51% and those for LC99 from 0.66 to 5.16%. Thirty six compound mixtures had no significant activity (mortality ≤30%) against larvae. Two mixtures exhibited synergism against adults, with high rates (≥92%) of oviposition inhibition. The mixtures based on the benzyl disulphide+benzyl trisulphide pairing produced a synergistic effect against acaricide-resistant R. microplus larva and adults, and are therefore the most promising combination for controlling this ubiquitous ectoparasite.

Recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing linoleate 13-hydratase from Lactobacillus acidophilus were permeabilized by treating with 0.2 M NaCl. The optimal conditions for the production of 13-hydroxy-9,15(Z,Z)-octadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) from α-linolenic acid by permeabilized recombinant cells were pH 6.0, 40 °C, 7.5 % (v/v) methanol, 60 g/l permeabilized cells, and 15 g/l α-linolenic acid. Under these conditions, permeabilized cells produced 7.5 g/l 13-HODE after 6 h, with a conversion yield of 50 % (w/w) and a volumetric productivity of 1.25 g/l/h. These values were 161 and 160 % of those obtained by nonpermeabilized cells, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the process optimization for the biotechnological production of 13-HODE.

Conjugated fatty acid (CFA) refers to a group of positional and geometric isomers of polyunsaturated fatty acid possessing conjugated double bonds. Conjugated double bonds, conjugated triple bonds, and conjugated quadruple bonds are the typical conjugated fatty acid forms, in which conjugated octadecadienoic acid and conjugated octadecatrienoic acid are most common isomers, such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA), and conjugated steariconic acid CSA (Yang et al. 2015).

Objectives Despite their role in health and disease, the relationship between fatty acids (FAs) and frailty and mortality remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore how FA intake is associated with frailty and mortality. Methods This observational study included 4062 participants ≥50 y of age from the 2003–2006 cohorts of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A 36-item frailty index (FI) and a 14-item nutrition index (NI) were constructed. We analyzed 29 dietary FA variables. Results After adjustment for potential covariates and the NI, higher total FAs, saturated FAs (SFAs), and butanoic acid intake were associated with a higher degree of frailty. After an additional adjustment for the FI, higher SFA intake (total, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid) was associated with higher mortality risk, whereas higher polyunsaturated FAs (total and octadecadienoic acid), ω-3 FAs (total, octadecatrienoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid), and eicosenoic acid intake was associated with lower mortality risk. Conclusions Only a higher percentage of SFA intake was associated with both higher frailty and mortality even after considering the degree of nutritional deficits. The effect of SFAs on mortality was evident across levels of frailty. FAs were associated with long-term mortality more often than they with degree of frailty.

High lipid content in microalgae is an essential parameter for adopting of microalgal biomass as a feedstock for biodiesel. Mutation is one approach to obtain desired algal strain with high lipid production. In this study, a mutant strain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was isolated using 1.5 × 1015 ions cm−2 s−1 of N+ ion beam implantation technique, which has been widely used in mutagenesis of agricultural crops. N+ implantation slightly improved the growth of the mutant over the corresponding wild strain with significant increase in lipid content (32.4 % higher than the wild strain), which resulted in significant increase in lipid productivity by 35 %. In addition, ion implantation mutagenesis of C. pyrenoidosa resulted in 21.4 % decrease in total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) compared to the wild type, with a noticeable increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The increase in PUFAs was due mainly to stimulation of hexadecadienoic acid (C16:2) and octadecadienoic acid (C18:2) production. However, the SFA content of wild and mutant strains was 31.7 and 24.9 % of total fatty acids, respectively, highlighting the oxidative stability of biodiesel produced by both strains according to the European standards. Cultivation of C. pyrenoidosa mutant in selenite enrichment medium for five successive cultivation experiments showed insignificant changes in biomass productivity, lipid content, and lipid productivity alongside the study period, which confirms the genetic stability of the produced mutant. The present study confirmed the feasibility of generation of microalgae mutants with significant high lipid production using ion beam implantation.

Urginea indica belongs to Lilliaceae family the analysis of bioactive compounds through GCMS analysis revealed the presence of various phytosterols, organic acids, esters, phenoles and ketones have identified. The 36 compounds identified included hepato protective and dermatogenic 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid 18.02%, anti cancerous and anti glycemic. Stigmasterol 17.35%, and Squalene 3.22%, antimicrobial and Hypocholesterolemic n-Hexadecanoic acid 14.26%, Antimicrobial, Diuretic Phytol 10.63%, anti carcinogenic pyrogallol 10.40%, anti atherosclerotic 9,12 -Octadecadienoic acid 6.44%, Octadecanoic acid 3.36% were identified. It was also reported to have various alkaloids, flavonoid glycosides, anti oxidants, saponins, proteins and carbohydrate. The identified compounds gave reason to various traditional medicines from U. indica and a key to new medicines.