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The development of the optic nerve and its surrounding tissues during the early fetal period is a convoluted period because it spans both the organogenesis period and the fetal period. This study details the microscopic anatomy and histoembryology of the optic nerve in embryos during the early fetal period, including the second half of the first trimester of pregnancy. Serial sections through the orbit of variously aged embryos allowed us to analyze the nerve in both longitudinal and transverse aspects. A histological assessment and description of the structures surrounding and inside the nerve were performed, highlighting the cellular subtypes involved. By employing immunohistochemical techniques, we could characterize the presence and distribution of astrocytes within the optic nerve. Our findings suggest that by the 8th gestational week (WG) the structures are homologs to all the adult ones but with an early appearance so that maturation processes take place afterward. By this age, the axons forming the nerve are definitive adult axons. The glial cells do not yet exhibit adult phenotype, but their aspect becomes adult toward the 13th week. During its development the optic nerve increases in size then, at 14 weeks, it shrinks considerably, possibly through its neural maturation process. The morphological primordium of the blood–nerve barrier can be first noted at 10 WG and at 13 WG the morphological blood–nerve barrier is definitive. The meningeal primordium can be first noted as a layer of agglomerated fibroblasts, later toward 13 WG splitting in pachymeninx and leptomeninges and leaving space for intrinsic blood vessels.

Brain aneurysms, characterized by abnormal bulging in blood vessels, pose significant risks if ruptured, necessitating precise neuroanatomical knowledge and advanced neurosurgical techniques for effective management. This article delves into the intricate neuroanatomy relevant to brain aneurysms, including the vascular structures and critical regions involved. It provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of aneurysm formation and progression. The discussion extends to modern neurosurgical approaches for treating brain aneurysms, such as microsurgical clipping, endovascular coiling, and flow diversion techniques. Emphasis is placed on preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and postoperative care, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. By integrating neuroanatomical insights with cutting-edge surgical practices, this article aims to enhance the understanding and treatment outcomes of brain aneurysms.

Objective: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PP) is a rare condition, and differentiating between primary and secondary ovarian causes is crucial for determining the appropriate oncological therapy. Given the resistance of ovarian mucinous carcinoma to standard platinum-based chemotherapy, the objective of this review is to present the current therapeutic approaches and summarize the emerging trends in the treatment of this disease. Methods: The authors conducted an exhaustive evaluation of studies published over a 14-year period (June 2010–May 2024) concerning pseudomyxoma peritonei, mucinous ovarian carcinoma, ovarian causes of PP, and ovarian cancer using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The results were organized into seven subchapters and analyzed. Results: The analyzed studies present surgery followed by HIPEC as the current therapy with the best long-term survival results. However, the oncological treatment is unsatisfactory, and the choice of therapy depending on the primary origin of the tumor becomes particularly important. For the differential diagnosis between pseudomyxoma due to a gastrointestinal cause and that of ovarian origin, genetic analyses are recommended; these include the characteristics of the mucin present in the lesion, as the therapeutic response can have contradictory results depending on the primary origin of the tumor. Conclusions: Surgery followed by HIPEC remains the standard for resectable cases. However, oncological treatment has controversial results in the case of mucinous ovarian carcinoma compared to other types of ovarian cancer and to metastatic ovarian tumors associated with pseudomyxoma of the peritoneum. Based on the articles included in this review, it was found that the current trend is the study of mucin as a resistance factor against chemotherapy based on platinum products and the targeting of oncological therapy according to the tumor’s genetic characteristics.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the tibial tubercle–posterior intercondylar eminence (TT-IC) distance as a diagnostic tool and surgical guide for correcting extensor apparatus misalignment through tibial tubercle osteotomy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with extensor apparatus misalignment. The TT-IC distance was measured using MRI. Patients underwent tibial tubercle osteotomy, guided by the TT-IC distance for correction. Post-operative outcomes, including alignment, pain scores, and functional recovery, were assessed. Results: A significant correlation was found between the TT-IC distance and the degree of extensor apparatus misalignment. Utilizing the TT-IC distance as a surgical guide led to improved alignment in majority of patients. Post-operative outcomes showed reduced pain and enhanced functional recovery. Conclusions: The study established the TT-IC measurement as a valuable tool for determining the need for tibial tuberosity osteotomy in patients with patellar instability, particularly those with trochlear dysplasia, by providing a more precise criterion than the traditional TT-TG distance.

Cet article révèle les structures intimes des discours de propagande au moyen d’une analyse alliant des concepts dérivés de l’argumentation, de la rhétorique et de la communication politique. Il met à nu leurs traits discursifs mobilisés pour accroître l’adhésion des foules, en distinguant la communication politique de la propagande, l’argumentation par conviction de l’argumentation par la persuasion. Comment les stratégies rhétorico-argumentatives contribuent-elles à la construction de discours étalant leur « vérité » ou leur « réalité », construisant des mondes alternatifs présentés comme les vrais mondes ? L’analyse déployée sur le discours de la sénatrice roumaine Diana Șoșoacă relatif aux séismes survenus en Turquie en février 2023 procure des éléments de réponse. Feignant l’argumentation rationnelle reposant sur des arguments factuels, la propagandiste fait appel aux émotions primaires de son auditoire pour changer sa forma mentis.

In Bucharest University Emergency Hospital every day we deal with difficult cases either presented per primam in our setting or, even more difficult situations, cases that were intended to be treated in other hospitals but due to lack of infrastructure are sent towards our multidisciplinary hospital, as a final stop. Conditions that our teams have to deal in a very restricted amount of time in the Emergency Room are: submucous myoma with heavy bleeding acquired uterine arteriovenous fistulae, ovarian ruptured cyst , ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, adnexal torsion, tuboovarian abscess, classical tubal ectopic pregnancy, Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, incomplete abortion, ruptured uterus post minimally invasive procedures performed before pregnancy, placental abruption, placenta praevia with heavy bleeding, and the PAS – Placenta Accreta Spectrum. All these conditions require a rapid differential diagnosis where ultrasonography is useful in adopting a tailored management either conservative or radical, in avoidance of haemorhagic accidents or even death and, when needed, in fertility sparing.

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, with the highest mortality rate among female genital cancers. Due to the nonspecific symptoms and the lack of effective screening strategies, ovarian cancer is often diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease, with a 5-year survival rate of 25%. The efforts of specialists are aimed at identifying screening methods, with the lowest possible rates of false positive or false negative results in order to diagnose the disease at an early stage, when the 5-year survival rate is 92%. In this study we analyzed the incidence of ovarian cancer in the last five years in the Bucharest University Emergency Hospital, being registered 153 cases of ovarian cancer. The aim of this paper is to analyze the correlation between the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and the long-term prognosis.

COVID-19 pandemic had an impact without precedent. Pregnant women are part of the vulnerable population and the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection consequences on obstetrical and neonatal outcome are still studied. It’s been speculated, based on what is known about other pathogenic viruses, SARS-CoV-2 virus can interfere with placental defense mechanisms and increase the miscarriage and preterm birth rate. Often, pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus develop mild pneumonia. Severe pneumonia occurs very rarely and is statistically significant related to neonatal death. Our study has been conducted in a multidisciplinary hospital unit and included 184 pregnant women with SARS-COV-2 infection who gave birth in our hospital, diagnosed through polymerase chain reaction. There have been analyzed data regarding the maternal symptomatology, the gestational age, the method of giving birth, complications that have occurred during birth, the newborns weight and neonatal outcome through Apgar score. There have been three cases of severe infection with maternal death and one case with neonatal death. Overall, 20% of patients had mild symptomatology, 2% had severe form and the rest of the patients were asymptomatic. We found a high rate of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction and an increase incidence of acute fetal distress followed by caesarean section. SARS-CoV-2 virus affects both the mother and the fetus as a whole and, subsequently, individually. Our results show the adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcome in peripartum period complicated with SARS-CoV-2 infection even in asymptomatic and mild-symptomatic cases.

Der Artikel befasst sich mit den „Eliten” der ostkarpatischen Waldsteppe in der jüngeren vorrömischen Eisenzeit. Auf Grund vor allem die Bestattungen es sollte festgestellt werden, dass es eine sehr hohe Übereinstimmung zwischen sozialem und militärischem Rang gibt. Hochwahrscheinlich die Krieger sind den gehobenen gesellschaftlichen Schichten so gut wie gleichbedeutend. Die durch die archäologische Analyse ermittelte Sozialgliederung macht den Eindruck einer relativ ebenen hierarchischen Ordnung. Die überwiegende Zahl von Bestattungen zeichnet sich durch ein hohes Mas an Uniformität aus, da das Inventar den Gräbern im Wesentlichen nicht über eine direkte Ausstattung für die Person hinausgehen. Diese sog. Eliten die in ihrem Wohlstand kaum über den gesellschaftlichen Durchschnitt hinausgehen und nur im militärischen Bereich wirklich überwiegen, zeichnen sich im Gebiet der Poienești-Lucașeuca-Kultur durch das Auftauchen folgender Elemente ab: – Bestattung in Metalgefäß; – vollständige Bewaffnung; –Reitzübehor.

Prenatal ultrasound examination should take place between 18 and 20 week of gestation and is important for early detection of fetal anomalies such as the facial malformations. One important anatomic element is the palate that raises echographic technical difficulties such as the shadowing by facial bones and, especially, by the superior alveolar ridge, the fetal prone position and its localization, respectively, profoundly, inside of fetal head or anatomic obstacles such as the fetal tongue, so new echographic examination techniques are being under evaluation. The prenatal detection rate of fetal cleft palate remains low, so various methods of examination are being proposed. The ultrasound assessment of the fetal face is made by 2D ultrasound, technique completed by 3D ultrasound, which includes the evaluation in both axial and coronal planes, with the uvula being analyzed in two types of section, transversal and sagittal. In the latter to epiglottis is a landmark that confirms the identification of the uvula and a normal uvula has a typical and resembling echographic pattern to the equal sign. Even though prenatal diagnosis of soft palate cleft is a real challenge, with low detection rate due to difficulty of its visualization during routine examination, and even if suspected, diagnostic accuracy is low.

CD30, also known as TNFRSF8 (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8), is a protein receptor that is heavily glycosylated inside the Golgi apparatus, as well as a tumor marker that is found on the surface of specific cells in the body, including certain immune cells and cancer ones. This review aims to shed light on the critical importance of CD30, from its emergence in the cell to its position in diagnosing various diseases, including Hodgkin lymphoma, where it is expressed on Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells, as well as embryonal carcinoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). In addition to its role in positive diagnosis, targeting CD30 has been a promising approach treating CD30-positive lymphomas, and there is ongoing research into the potential use of CD30-targeted therapies for autoimmune disorders. We aim to elaborate on CD30’s roles as a tumor marker, supporting thus the hypothesis that this receptor might be the aim of cytostatic treatment.

Similar to the already well-recognized adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal cancer pathogenesis, it has been believed for many decades that the progression of ovarian epithelial tumors occurs from benign serous cystadenomas to borderline tumors, to well-differentiated carcinomas, and ultimately, to poorly differentiated carcinomas. However, it is currently accepted that low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) are fundamentally different tumor types and, consequently, different diseases. In fact, whereas the benign-borderline-malignant sequence seems to apply quite well to low-grade serous carcinoma, the sequence of genetic alterations in high-grade serous carcinoma is substantially different. In this mini-review, we included the current consensus regarding the morphological and etiopathogenic results regarding serous tumors of the ovary, fallopian tube and peritoneum. It also briefly describes the history of benign, borderline and malignant serous tumors, discussing multiple types of dichotomies in serous carcinomas of the female genital tract and summarizing the current molecular classification.

The present study brings to the foreground of discussions a certain type of artifacts, the importance of which in the process of analyzing archaeological finds is difficult to overestimate, but which, unfortunately, was not used by the researchers to the proper extent. Thus, in the archaeological literature there is no single work on the Iron Age fibulae that were discovered on the present-day territory of the Republic of Moldova. Moreover, even when some specimens were introduced into scientific circulation, their publication was very short, often without a clear and precise presentation of the context, and the images accompanying incomplete texts in most cases are not clear enough for detailed analysis. Based on this situation, we decided to fill this historiographic gap and at the first stage we devoted our research to the iron fibulae of the early La Tène scheme found on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. As a result of the investigation, a lot was allocated, consisting of 12 fibulae, most of which were found on the territory of the Getic hillforts on the right bank of the Dniester. The degree of preservation of the items leaves much to be desired. The number of undamaged fibulae is relatively small, and those preserved fragmentarily create sufficient impediments for the possibilities of classification. Despite these circumstances, a catalogue of early La Tène scheme fibulae was developed, on the basis of which the main analogies were identified both in the neighboring areas (Romania and Ukraine), and in the Central Europe. We suggested to trace the chronological landmarks for the existing analogies, as well as to evaluate the chronological framework of the presented artifacts. At the same time, we set out to follow the ways and means by which these fibulae reached the Prut-Dniester area and, where possible, to highlight probable phenomena and processes that were behind the respective distribution of this type of artifacts.

Professor Michael Meyer – Doctor Honoris Cauza of the „Ion Creanga” State Pedagogical University

The aim of laboratory analysis carried out on pottery fragments recovered from the Poienești-Lucaşeuca (PL) site of Orheiul Vechi and the Getic site of Butuceni was to verify the hypothesis that there was a continuity in pottery technology traditions and the hypothesis that there was continuity in raw material use. In order to verify these hypotheses, i.e. to determine whether we are dealing with continuity or with changes in pottery manufacturing, two factors must be taken into account: know-how and raw material. This means that it is necessary to perform both technological and raw material analyses. For the purposes of this study the following methods were used: MGR-analysis, chemical analysis by WD-XRF, thin-section studies and estimation of physical ceramic properties. The results of archaeometric analysis of pottery from the PL site of Orheiul Vechi and the Getic site of Butuceni did not substantiate the hypothesis that there had been continuity in pottery technology traditions.

(1) Background: A quarter of maternal deaths are caused by post-partum hemorrhage; hence obstetric bleeding is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among women. Pelvic artery embolization (PAE) represents a minimally invasive interventional procedure which plays an important role in conservative management of significant bleeding in Obstetrics and Gynecology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and the complications of PAE in patients with significant vaginal bleeding with different obstetrical and gynecological pathologies. (2) Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective study on 1135 patients who presented to the University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest with vaginal bleeding of various etiology treated with endovascular therapy. All the patients included in the study presented vaginal hemorrhage that was caused by: uterine leiomyomas, genital tract malignancies, ectopic pregnancy, arterio-venous mal-formations and other obstetrical causes. We excluded patients with uncontrolled high blood pressure, severe hepatic impairment, congestive heart failure, renal failure or ventricular arrhythmias. (3) Results: Bleeding was caused in 88.19% of cases by uterine leiomyomas (n = 1001), 7.84% (n = 89) by cervical cancer, 2.29% by ectopic pregnancy (n = 26), 1.23% by arteriovenous malformation (n = 14) and 0.52% by major hemorrhage of obstetrical causes. Endovascular procedures were used in all the cases. In patients with uterine leiomyomas, supra-selective uterine arteries embolization was used. In 97% (n = 1101) of patients, bleeding was stopped after the first attempt of PAE. 3% (n = 34) needed a second embolization. In 12 of 14 cases of AVM, PAE was successful, two other cases needed reintervention; (4) Conclusions: Endovascular procedures represent a major therapy method for both acute and chronic hemorrhage in Obstetrics and Gynecology. It can be used in post-partum or post-traumatic causes of vaginal bleeding, but also in patients with chronic hemorrhage from uterine leiomyomas or inoperable genital malignancies or even as a preoperative adjuvant in cases of voluminous uterine fibroids or invasive malignant tumors, aiming to reduce intraoperative hemorrhage.

Introduction. Serous carcinoma is responsible for 47% of all ovarian cancers, and from these cases, only 5% are represented by low-grade serous carcinoma, the rest of them accounting for high-grade serous carcinoma. Objective. The aim of this study is an observational approach of the differences and similarities of the two types of serous carcinoma of the ovary, that must be seen as different forms of cancer and rendered with care. Methods. We performed a retrospective study using three cases of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma and three cases of ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma, diagnosed at the University Emergency Hospital Bucharest. We analyzed patients’ age, clinical symptoms, macroscopic and microscopic features together with immunohistochemistry tests. Results. Mean age for HG carcinoma was 71.3 years old and for LG carcinoma 47.6 years old. Average tumor diameter was with 5.67 cm higher for LG carcinoma. The most encountered stage for HG tumors was pT2a and for LG tumors was pT1a. Mean value for Ki67 was with 36.33% higher for HG carcinoma. AR expressed diffuse positivity in two cases of LG and only focal positivity in two cases of HG. CD44 expressed focal positivity in all cases of LG and had different patterns in HG. Conclusions. We found considerable differences between patients’ mean age, macroscopic and microscopic features, together with immunohistochemistry expression for Ki67, AR, CD44.

As a result of preliminary research conducted in Butuceni in 2013, information was obtained on the organization of a defensive system that proved to be totally different from those that were known until that time. The discoveries made predetermined the continuation of the field work, which was carried out until 2018 and is still far from completion. New defensive lines were discovered and investigated; their configuration, correlation and synchronization are far from completion, and this determines the minimum set of tasks that need to be solved. One of the key issues considered in 2017–2018 was to explain the possible trajectory of the Butucen-West No. 2 defensive line. The working hypothesis, which implied a semicircular trajectory of the fortification, was confirmed by the results obtained from several test pits. These studies have revealed the remains of a complex palisade (consisting of two rows of pillar pits and a stone wall), a berm and a ditch filled with stones from a destroyed fortification structure.

Introduction. High‑grade serous carcinoma of the ovary is an aggressive form of cancer, with unknown precursor lesions and often delayed diagnosis because of non‑specific, mild symptoms. Objective. We performed a clinical‑pathological study of ovarian high‑grade serous carcinomas, in order to evaluate morphological and new immunohistochemistry characteristics of this malignancy. Methods. This is a retrospective study of 10 cases of ovarian high‑grade serous carcinoma. We evaluated patients’ age, symptoms at presentation, macroscopic aspects, bilateral involvement, microscopic features: papillary/solid areas, mitotic index, psammoma bodies, tumoral extension, lymph node metastasis, immunohistochemistry markers: CD44, ER, AR, Ki67 index. Results. Mean age was 56.9 years old. Tumors were bilateral in 50% of cases. Only 30% were limited to the ovary. Maximum tumor diameter was 16 cm. Solid component in a proportion of 50‑95% was more characteristic. Most tumors had a mitotic index of 30‑50 mitosis/10HPF (70% of cases). 20% of cases contained psammoma bodies. 2 cases out of 7 had lymph node metastasis. We noticed one case with pleural metastasis (M1). We observed AR80% was noticed in 30% of cases. CD44 was positive in 50% of cases and one case had diffuse positivity of CD44 in corpus luteum cells near the tumoral bed. Conclusions. The majority of patients with ovarian high‑grade serous carcinomas presented with extraovarian extension and were characterized by high mitotic index, rare presence of psammoma bodies, AR expression

Introduction. Iatrogenic injury of the urinary tract in women undergoing pelvic surgeries is one of the most feared complications and an important source of significant morbidity. Moreover, they cause a lot of anxiety to both patient and surgeon and they also create many legal concerns. The most commonly affected organs are the ureter, bladder and urethra. Urologic injury during obstetrics and gynecologic surgery should always be a matter of prevention, but there are situations in which prevention fails. With this article we intend to raise the awareness on potential situations leading to iatrogenic urinary tract lesions during obstetrics and gynecology surgery. CASE Cases presentation. Three different cases of iatrogenic injuries at various sites of the urinary tract during pelvic surgeries are presented and preventive and treatment measures are discussed. Conclusions. Most iatrogenic urinary tract lesions are prone to occur during difficult surgeries, but a significant number of iatrogenic injuries are made during routine interventions, even by the most trained surgeons. Therefore, preventing and recognizing iatrogenic urinary tract injuries is of highest importance for all surgeons performing interventions in the pelvic area.

Cervical, endometrial, ovarian, vulvar, and vaginal cancers affect women of a broad age spectrum. Many of these women are still sexually active when their cancer is diagnosed. Treatment options for gynecological malignancies, such as gynecological surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, are proven risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction. The prevalence of urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and sexual dysfunction before cancer treatment is still unclear. Hypotheses have been raised in the literature that these manifestations could represent early symptoms of pelvic cancers, but most remain overlooked even in cancer surviving patients. The primary focus of therapy is always cancer eradication, but as oncological and surgical treatment options become more successful, the number of cancer survivors increases. The quality of life of patients with gynecological cancers often remains an underrated subject. Pelvic floor disorders are not consistently reported by patients and are frequently overlooked by many clinicians. In this brief review we discuss the importance of pelvic floor dysfunction in patients with gynecological malignant tumors.

Objective: Primary ovarian carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors, representing up to 1% of all ovarian tumors. In this paper, the authors aimed at analyzing the clinical and pathological aspects of all recently published ovarian carcinoid, providing new correlations regarding them. Mechanism: The authors have reviewed all cases of primary ovarian carcinoid reported in international journals since 2005 to date. A total of 99 cases published in 68 articles have been found and analyzed. Findings in brief: Our results up to 29.31% of patients presented with carcinoid heart disease, and 17.24% had an abdominal mass, which caused them to present to the physician. Patients presenting with metastases had more frequently the insular subtype (33.33%) and had similar median age as those without metastases. A teratoma component was noticed in 58.9% of cases and was also associated with the insular pattern of carcinoid. To our best knowledge, this paper includes the largest review of primary ovarian carcinoid to date. Conclusions: The incidence of carcinoid heart disease might have been underestimated up to this moment, thus, requiring further imagistic investigations of patients presenting with these symptoms. Additionally, the insular variant was most frequently associated with the presence of both teratoma (52.94%) and metastases (33.33%), although previous reports have noticed a higher incidence of teratoma in the mucinous variant. In our opinion, these apparently divergent results warrant further studies of this rare subtype of ovarian tumor.

Umbilical cord abnormalities are not rare, and are often associated with structural or chromosomal abnormalities, fetal intrauterine growth restriction, and poor pregnancy outcomes; the latter can be a result of prematurity, placentation deficiency or, implicitly, an increased index of cesarean delivery due to the presence of fetal distress, higher admission to neonatal intensive care, and increased prenatal mortality rates. Even if the incidence of velamentous insertion, vasa praevia and umbilical knots is low, these pathologies increase the fetal morbidity and mortality prenatally and intrapartum. There is a vast heterogeneity among societies’ guidelines regarding the umbilical cord examination. We consider the mandatory introduction of placental cord insertion examination in the first and second trimester to practice guidelines for fetal ultrasound scans. Moreover, during the mid-trimester scan, we recommend a transvaginal ultrasound and color Doppler assessment of the internal cervical os for low-lying placentas, marginal or velamentous cord insertion, and the evaluation of umbilical cord entanglement between the insertion sites whenever it is incidentally found. Based on the pathological description and the neonatal outcome reported for each entity, we conclude our descriptive review by establishing a new, clinically relevant classification of these umbilical cord anomalies.

Cardiac and cardiovascular malformations are of real interest in terms of definition, epidemiology, and means of early diagnosis by imaging. Although ultrasound examination reaches exceptional performance nowadays, unusual pathologies are still exposed to the risk of either incorrect acquired image or misinterpretation by the specialist in a routine scan. Herein, we present a case of a 20-week-old fetus (from an apparently low-risk pregnancy) with complex cardiac and vascular abnormalities, including an arteriovenous malformation along with ventricular septal defect, ductal coarctation of the aorta, aneurysm of a brachiocephalic vein, and dilation of the entire neck and upper mediastinum venous system, and the limitations that were encountered in the process of diagnosis and management of the case.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are particularly rare in all sites of the gynecological tract and include a variety of neoplasms with variable prognosis, dependent on histologic subtype and site of origin. Following the expert consensus proposal of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the approach in the latest World Health Organization (WHO) Classification System of the Female Genital Tumours is to use the same terminology for NENs at all body sites. The main concept of this novel classification framework is to align it to all other body sites and make a clear distinction between well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). The previous WHO Classification System of the Female Genital Tumours featured more or less the same principle, but used the terms ‘low-grade neuroendocrine tumor’ and ‘high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma’. Regardless of the terminology used, each of these two main categories include two distinct morphological subtypes: NETs are represented by typical and atypical carcinoid and NEC are represented by small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). High-grade NECs, especially small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma tends to be more frequent in the uterine cervix, followed by the endometrium, while low-grade NETs usually occur in the ovary. NENs of the vulva, vagina and fallopian tube are exceptionally rare, with scattered case reports in the scientific literature.

This article presents studies on iron speciation in the pottery obtained from archaeological sites. The determination of iron forms Fe(II) and Fe(III) has been provided by a very simple test that is available for routine analysis involving the technique of molecular absorption spectrophotometry (UV–Vis) in the acid leachable fraction of pottery. The elemental composition of the acid leachable fraction has been determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Additionally, the total concentration of the selected elements has been determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with energy dispersion (EDXRF). The results of the iron forms’ determinations in archaeological pottery samples have been applied in the archaeometric studies on the potential recognition of the pottery production technology, definitely going beyond the traditional analysis of the pottery colour.

One of the major questions of the Pre-Roman Iron Age settlements in the East part of the Carpathians Region is the relationship between the Getic culture and the Poieneşti-Lukaševka culture. There are any connections between the settlers of both cultures, or are we dealing with a demolition of the settlements and a complete resettlement by ”immigrants” from the north part of Europe? The” getics” pottery in the settlements of the Poieneşti-Lukaševka culture speaks against a radical discontinuity, the extensive restructuring of the settlement system, the new burial grounds and ceramic molds are used for a far-reaching resettlement. The following article assumes that the destruction of settlements and new immigration can be seen in a clearly evident change in ceramic technology and the associated supply of raw materials. It is assumed that extensive continuities in the production of ceramics require an undisturbed knowledge transfer between the actors, which cannot be the case in a complete new settlement. In particular, this can be traced back to archaeometric analyzes of ceramics, whereby local or non-local sound supply, leaning, sound processing and burning techniques have meaning. For this reason, ceramics of the two cultures of two neighboring settlements – Ulmu (Ialoveni District, Republic of Moldva – Poenesti-Lukasevka culture) and Horodca Mică (Hincesti district, Republic of Moldova, Getic culture) – were examined for these parameters.

The authors present a complex with several special discoveries, which was identified and investigated in 2005 in the village of Ulmu. The complex is a pit, ellipsoidal in plan, with a doorstep, in which, together with fragments of clay coating, ceramics and osteological remains, 22 clay objects were found: 8 balls and 14 “breadcakes” discovered both in groups and isolated, preserved intact (or could be restored) or fragmented. The pit is similar to the one discovered by M. Romanovskaya in 1960 in the same site, both in shape, dimensions and specific artifacts. She dated the complex the 2nd century BC and the clay “breadcakes” were interpreted as “lamps”. In the context of new discoveries and in the attempt to make a more accurate connection to older discoveries, it was necessary to make chronological and functional clarifications, which made possible to review the interpretation given by M. Romanovskaya for these types of finds. The first part is a contextual presentation of the artifacts, followed by a presentation of identified analogies (both for the Bronze Age to which the complex is dated and for other chronological segments). The end of the article is a reflection on the utilitarian and functional nature of the relevant artifacts, the text being supplemented by a catalog of this type of finds in which a detailed description of each object is made.

Table of contents A1 The outcome of patients with recurrent versus non-recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in a tertiary health-care hospital in Bucharest Cristian-Mihail Niculae, Eliza Manea, Raluca Jipa, Simona Merisor, Ruxandra Moroti, Serban Benea, Adriana Hristea A2 Influence of bacteriophages on sessile Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Alina Cristina Neguț, Oana Săndulescu, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Dana Mărculescu, Magdalena Lorena Andrei, Veronica Ilie, Marcela Popa, Coralia Bleotu, Carmen Chifiriuc, Mircea Ioan Popa, Adrian Streinu-Cercel A3 The utility of inflammatory biomarkers in the prognostic evaluation of septic patients – past, present and future Alina Orfanu, Cristina Popescu, Anca Leuștean, Remulus Catană, Anca Negru, Alexandra Badea, Radu Orfanu, Cătălin Tilișcan, Victoria Aramă, Ştefan Sorin Aramă A4 Etiologic and clinical features of bacterial meningitis in infants Constanța-Angelica Vișan, Anca-Cristina Drăgănescu, Anuța Bilașco, Camelia Kouris, Mădălina Merișescu, Magdalena Vasile, Diana-Maria Slavu, Sabina Vintilă, Endis Osman, Alina Oprea, Sabina Sandu, Monica Luminos A5 The diagnostic and prognostic role of neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio in sepsis Alina Orfanu, Victoria Aramă, Ştefan Sorin Aramă, Anca Leuştean, Remulus Catană, Anca Negru, Gabriel Adrian Popescu, Cristina Popescu A6 Whooping cough in a HIV positive patient Ramona Georgiana Stanculete, Ana Vaduva Enoiu, Adelina Raluca Marinescu, Voichita Lazureanu A7 Cronobacter sakazakii sepsis in varicella patient Adelina-Raluca Marinescu, Alexandru Crișan, Voichița Lăzureanu, Virgil Musta, Narcisa Nicolescu, Ruxandra Laza A8 Anaerobes an underdiagnosed cause of prosthesis joint infection Anca-Ruxandra Negru, Daniela-Ioana Munteanu, Raluca Mihăilescu, Remulus Catană, Olga Dorobăț, Alexandru Rafila, Emilia Căpraru, Marius Niculescu, Rodica Marinescu, Olivera Lupescu, Vlad Predescu, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Victoria Aramă, Daniela Tălăpan A9 Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis presenting with normal CSF – case presentation Ramona Ștefania Popescu, Luminița Bradu, Dragoș Florea, Adrian Streinu-Cercel A10 Extrapulmonary manifestations of infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae – study on 24 cases Daniela Anicuta Leca, Elena Bunea, Andra Teodor, Egidia Miftode A11 The molecular diagnosis of severe bacterial sepsis in pediatric population Mădălina Merișescu, Gheorghiță Jugulete, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Dragoș Florea, Monica Luminos A12 Acute Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis with multiple septic complications in a patient with diabetes mellitus – case presentation Ramona Ștefania Popescu, Anamaria Dobrotă, Adina Ilie, Liliana Lucia Preoțescu A13 Is Streptococcus suis meningitis an under-diagnosed zoonosis? Adriana Hristea, Raluca Jipa, Nicoleta Irimescu, Irina Panait, Eliza Manea, Simona Merisor, Cristian Niculae, Daniela Tălăpan A14 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from blood. Antimicrobial resistance – past and present Liana Cătălina Gavriliu, Otilia Elisabeta Benea, Șerban Benea, Alexandru Rafila, Olga Dorobăț, Mona Popoiu A15 Antibiotics resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood cultures Livia Dragonu, Augustin Cupşa, Iulian Diaconescu, Irina Niculescu, Lucian Giubelan, Florentina Dumitrescu, Andreea Cristina Stoian, Camelia Guţă, Simona Puiu A16 Predominance of CTX-M enzymes in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in two hospitals of Quebec City Bunescu Irina, Marilyse Vallée, Ann Huletsky, Dominique K. Boudreau, Ève Bérubé, Richard Giroux, Jean Longtin, Yves Longtin, Michel G. Bergeron A17 Postoperative meningoencephalitis with Acinetobacter baumannii XDR – a therapeutic challenge - Case report Cleo Nicoleta Roșculeț, Dalila-Ana Toma, Catrinel Ciuca, Daniela Tălăpan, Cătălin Apostolescu, Andrei Rogoz, Andrei Stangaciu, Viorica Mitescu, Tudor Vladoiu, Doina Iovănescu A18 Septic arthritis with Burkholderia cepacia Michaela Oana, Simona Costin A19 A novel approach for managing hard-to-treat infections Alina Cristina Neguț, Oana Săndulescu, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Maria Magdalena Moțoi, Mircea Ioan Popa, Adrian Streinu-Cercel A20 Nineteen months surveillance for multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) by detecting asymptomatic colonization Daniela Tălăpan, Olga Mihaela Dorobăț, Mona Popoiu, Alexandru Mihai, Doina Iovănescu, Cleo Roşculeț, Cătălin Apostolescu, Gabriel-Adrian Popescu, Adrian Abagiu, Ruxandra Moroti-Constantinescu, Adriana Hristea, Victoria Aramă, Otilia Benea, Mădălina Simoiu, Rodica Bacruban, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Alexandru Rafila A21 Antimicrobial resistance of Gram-positive cocci isolated from clinical specimens in the National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof Dr. Matei Balș” between 2009–2015 Olga Mihaela Dorobăț, Daniela Tălăpan, Alexandru Mihai, Ioana Bădicuț, Mona Popoiu, Alina Borcan, Alexandru Rafila A22 The high percentage of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in Romania: an analysis and some proposals Gabriel Adrian Popescu A23 Etiological, clinical and therapeutic considerations on 78 cases of healthcare associated meningitis or ventriculitis admitted in the “Sf. Parascheva” infectious diseases clinical hospital, Iași, from 2011 to 2015 Mihnea Hurmuzache, Georgiana Enache, Alexandra Ciocan, Mircea Bararu, Madalina Popazu A24 Nosocomial infection dynamics in an Intensive Care Department – an overview (epidemiological and clinical monitoring, advanced therapeutic intervention). Doina Viorica Iovănescu, Cleo Nicoleta Roșculeț, Andrei Rogoz Cătălin Gabriel Apostolescu, Viorica Mitescu, Tudor Vladoiu, Dalila Toma, Catrinel Ciuca A25 Safety and efficacy of interferon free treatment in patients with HCV chronic hepatitis- experience of a single Internal Medicine center Laura Iliescu, Georgiana Minzala, Letitia Toma, Mihaela Baciu, Alina Tanase, Carmen Orban A26 Viusid in treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B and C Victor Pantea, Gheorghe Placinta, Valentin Cebotarescu, Lilia Cojuhari, Paulina Jimbei A27 The management of hyperbilirubinemia in HCV cirrhotic patients who underwent therapy with direct acting antivirals Cristina Popescu, Anca Leuștean, Cristina Dragomirescu, Alina Orfanu, Cristina Murariu, Laurențiu Stratan, Alexandra Badea, Cătălin Tilișcan, Daniela Munteanu, Raluca Năstase, Violeta Molagic, Mihaela Rădulescu, Remulus Catana, Victoria Aramă A28 The efficacy of ombitasvir-paritaprevir/ritonavir, dasabuvir and ribavirin in patients with genotype 1 HCV compensated cirrhosis Cristina Popescu, Laurențiu Stratan, Remulus Catana, Anca Leuștean, Cristina Dragomirescu, Alexandra Badea, Cristina Murariu, Raluca Năstase, Violeta Molagic, Daniela Munteanu, Cătălin Tilișcan, Mihaela Rădulescu, Alina Orfanu, Ioan Diaconu, Anca Negru, Iulia Bodosca, Violeta Niță, Victoria Aramă A29 The efficacy of direct acting antivirals regimen without ribavirin in HCV genotype 1b infected patients with compensated cirrhosis Anca Leuștean, Victoria Aramă, Alina Orfanu, Remulus Catana, Laurențiu Stratan, Cristina Dragomirescu, Cristina Murariu, Alexandra Badea, Cătălin Tilișcan, Daniela Munteanu, Violeta Molagic, Raluca Năstase, Mihaela Rădulescu, Cristina Popescu A30 Liver decompensation during ombitasvir-paritaprevir/ritonavir-dasabuvir and ribavirin regimen in HCV infected patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis Cristina Popescu, Cristina Dragomirescu, Anca Leuștean, Cristina Murariu, Laurențiu Stratan, Alexandra Badea, Remulus Catană, Alina Orfanu, Raluca Mihaela Năstase, Violeta Molagic, Daniela Munteanu, Cătălin Tilișcan, Victoria Aramă A31 The safety of direct acting antivirals in HCV compensated cirrhotic patients - an interim analysis Victoria Aramă, Remulus Catană, Cristina Dragomirescu, Cristina Murariu, Anca Leuștean, Laurențiu Stratan, Alexandra Badea, Alina Orfanu, Anca Negru, Raluca Năstase, Violeta Molagic, Daniela Munteanu, Cătălin Tilișcan, Mihaela Rădulescu, Ioan Diaconu, Violeta Niță, Iulia Bodoșca, Cristina Popescu A32 The access of patients with HCV compensated cirrhosis to the National Program of therapy with direct acting antivirals Cristina Popescu, Alexandra Badea, Anca Leuștean, Alina Orfanu, Anca Negru, Laurențiu Stratan, Cristina Dragomirescu, Remulus Catană, Cristina Murariu, Violeta Molagic, Raluca Năstase, Cătălin Tilișcan, Daniela Munteanu, Mihaela Rădulescu, Ioan Diaconu, Violeta Niță, Iulia Bodoșca, Victoria Aramă A33 Severe reactivation of chronic hepatitis B after discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogues – a case series Cristina Popescu, Alina Orfanu, Anca Leuștean, Alexandra Badea, Laurențiu Stratan, Remulus Catană, Cătălin Tilișcan, Victoria Aramă A34 The dynamic of hematological disorders during direct acting antivirals therapy for HCV compensated cirrhosis Cristina Popescu, Cristina Murariu, Cristina Dragomirescu, Anca Leuștean, Laurențiu Stratan, Alina Orfanu, Alexandra Badea, Remulus Catană, Anca Negru, Cătălin Tilișcan, Daniela Munteanu, Mihaela Rădulescu, Violeta Molagic, Raluca Mihaela Năstase, Ioan Alexandru Diaconu, Iulia Bodoșca, Violeta Niță, Victoria Aramă A35 Behaviors, attitudes and risk factors for viral hepatitis in international medical students vs. the general population in Romania Yagmur Erturk, Oana Săndulescu, Alina Cristina Neguț, Claudiu Mihai Șchiopu, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Anca Streinu-Cercel A36 Characteristics of hepatitis C virus reactivation due to immunosuppressive therapy in Romanian HCV infected patients with hematological malignancies Violeta Molagic, Cătălin Tilișcan, Cristina Popescu, Raluca Mihăilescu, Daniela Munteanu, Raluca Năstase, Anca Negru, Angelica Tenita, Victoria Aramă, Ștefan Sorin Aramă A37 The dynamic IFN-gamma serum levels during successful peginterferon-a 2a/ribavirin therapy in HCV chronic infection Simona Alexandra Iacob, Diana Gabriela Iacob, Monica Luminos A38 Overlapping risk factors for transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV in the general population in Romania Anca Streinu-Cercel, Oana Săndulescu, Mioara Predescu, Alexandra Mărdărescu, Cătălin Tilișcan, Mihai Săndulescu, Claudiu Mihai Șchiopu, Adrian Streinu-Cercel A39 Acute hepatitis - an uncommon neurological complication Cleo Nicoleta Roșculeț, Catrinel Olimpia Ciuca, Dalila Ana Toma, Cătălin Gabriel Apostolescu, Andrei Rogoz, Cristina Elena Mitu, Andrei Stangaciu, Viorica Daniela Mitescu, Tudor Gheorghe Vladoiu, Doina Viorica Iovănescu A40 Regression of liver fibrosis following sustained virological response in patients with chronic HCV infection and cirrhosis Oana Săndulescu, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Monica Andreea Stoica, Liliana Lucia Preoțescu, Daniela Manolache, Gabriela Jana Ceapraga, Maria Magdalena Moțoi, Luminița Bradu, Adina Ilie, Gabriela Mircea, Ionel Durbală, Adrian Streinu-Cercel A41 Preliminary results of treatment with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir of patients with chronic hepatitis C Irina Russu, Tiberiu Holban, Tatiana Pantilimonov, Galina Chiriacov, Arcadie Macvovei, Elena Scorohodico, Oleg Dmitriev A42 HIV-syphilis coinfection Diana Alexandra Costache, Anca Benea, Eliza Manea, Cristian Niculae, Raluca Jipa, Adriana Hristea, Elisabeta Benea, Ruxandra Moroti, Șerban Benea A43 Thrombophilia – additional risk factor for the evolution of pregnancy in HIV-positive patients Mihai Mitran, Carmen Georgescu, Loredana Mitran, Simona Vladareanu A44 The incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis in hospitalized HIV infected pediatric Romanian cohort between 1 January - 31 December 2015 Andreea Ioana Magirescu, Viorica Andreev, Cristina Nicolau, Alexandra Largu, Carmen Dorobat, Carmen Manciuc A45 TB incidence in HIV infected patients during the year of 2015 Viorica Andreev, Andreea Ioana Magirescu, Ina Isac, Cristina Nicolau, Alexandra Largu, Carmen Dorobat, Carmen Manciuc A46 Retrospective analysis of HIV/AIDS deaths recorded in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Constanța in the period 01 January 2014–30 June 2016. Epidemiological considerations. Iulia Gabriela Șerban, Ghiulendan Resul, Consuela Marcaș A47 Acute liver failure with favorable evolution in an HIV-HBV coinfected patient Iosif Marincu, Patricia Poptelecan, Bogdan Trincă, Sorina Mitrescu, Anca Tudor, Daliborca Vlad, Livius Tirnea A48 Lifestyle impact on HIV management Nurcan Baydaroglu, Alina Cristina Neguț, Oana Săndulescu, Daniela Manolache, Gabriela Ceapraga, Monica Andreea Stoica, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Adrian Streinu-Cercel 49. HIV positive mothers newborns - clinical experience from January 2012 to June 2016 Carmen Manciuc, Mariana Pagute, Cristina Nicolau, Carmen Dorobăț, Alexandra Largu A50 Rediscovering HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and HIV encephalopathy: clinical suspicion and subsequent brain autopsies Ioan-Alexandru Diaconu, Laurențiu Stratan, Daniela Ion, Luciana Nichita, Cristina Popescu, Raluca Năstase, Daniela Munteanu, Violeta Molagic, Cătălin Tilișcan, Mihaela Rădulescu, Alexandra Diaconu, Anca Negru, Alina Orfanu, Cristina Dragomirescu, Remulus Catană, Anca Leuștean, Irina Duport-Dodot, Cristina Murariu, Iulia Bodoșca, Violeta Niță, Alexandra Badea, Victoria Aramă A51 Antenatal surveillance of pregnant women with risk behavior and its impact on mother-to-child HIV transmission in Romania Mariana Mărdărescu, Cristina Petre, Marieta Iancu, Rodica Ungurianu, Alina Cibea, Ruxandra Drăghicenoiu, Ana Maria Tudor, Delia Vlad, Sorin Petrea, Carina Matei, Dan Oțelea, Carmen Crăciun, Cristian Anghelina, Alexandra Mărdărescu A52 Noninvasive assessments (APRI, Fib-4, transient elastography) of fibrosis in patients with HIV and HIV/HBV infection Elena Dumea, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Sorin Rugină, Lucian Cristian Petcu, Stela Halichidis, Simona Claudia Cambrea A53 Undetectable HIV viral load – the main goal in the management of HIV-infected patients Carmen Chiriac, Nina-Ioana Bodnar, Iringo-Erzsebet Zaharia-Kezdi, Cristina Gîrbovan, Andrea Incze, Anca Meda Georgescu A54 LPS serum levels and correlation with immunological, virological and clinical outcome in HIV infected patients Simona Alexandra Iacob, Diana Gabriela Iacob, Eugenia Panaitescu, Monica Luminos, Manole Cojocaru A55 LL37 human cathelicidin serum levels are positively correlated with IFN gamma and alanine aminotransferase level in HCV infection Simona Alexandra Iacob, Diana Gabriela Iacob, Monica Luminos A56 Early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a non-compliant HIV/AIDS late presenter patient Vochita Laurențiu, Vochita Andreia, Opreanu Radu, Trinca Bogdan, Rosca Ovidiu, Marincu Iosif A57 Evolution of antiretroviral regimens in naϊve patients in 2016 Ramona Zamfir, Alina Angelescu, Alena Andreea Popa, Raluca Jipa, Ruxandra Moroti, Adriana Hristea, Liana Gavriliu, Șerban Benea, Elisabeta Benea A58 The unfavorable risk factors for HIV infected persons with positive blood cultures hospitalized at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș” in 2015 Alena-Andreea Popa, Georgeta Ducu, Daniela Camburu, Alina Cozma, Manuela Podani, Roxana Dumitriu, Liana Gavriliu, Șerban Benea, Elisabeta Benea A59 Epidemiological aspects of HIV infection in Oltenia region Andreea Cristina Stoian, Florentina Dumitrescu, Augustin Cupșa, Lucian Giubelan, Irina Niculescu, Loredana Ionescu, Livia Dragonu A60 HIV risk behaviors and prevalence among patients in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) from Arena center, Bucharest Adrian Octavian Abagiu, Loredana Nicoleta Stoica, Catrinel Blaga, Archontis Koulosousas, Roxana Ștefănescu, Alice Atomoaie, Florentina Paraschiv, Florin Matache Duna A61 Therapeutic options in a case of severe psoriasis associated with both HIV infection and hepatitis C virus previously treated with fumaric acid esters Rodica Olteanu, Roxana Ion, Alexandra Zota, Isra Ennour Jaballah, Lara Mahfoud, Georgeta Preda, Magda Constantin A62 Prevalence of autoantibodies against gangliosides in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients Ilinca Nicolae, Corina Daniela Ene, Mădălina Irina Mitran, Vasile Benea, Mircea Tampa, Simona Roxana Georgescu A63 Subclinical inflammation in HIV-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy – a cross sectional study Iulia Cristina Bodoșca, Cristina Murariu, Cătălin Tilișcan, Victoria Aramă, Cristina Popescu, Daniela Munteanu, Mihaela Rădulescu, Violeta Molagic, Raluca Năstase, Alina Orfanu, Anca Leuștean, Remulus Catană, Anca Negru, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Sorin Aramă A64 Severe Guillain-Barré syndrome occurring after chickenpox with favorable evolution Iuliana CAramăngiu, Ovidiu Rosca, Monica Cialma, Radu Opreanu, Laurențiu Vochita, Iosif Marincu A65 Echovirus 30 infection with pulmonary and cardiac complications – case report Vlad Murărescu, Marilena Palaghiță, Alina Cristina Neguț, Cornel Camburu, Adrian Streinu-Cercel A66 Herpetic encephalitis with favorable evolution in an adult immunocompetent patient Irina Duşan, Patricia Poptelecan, Bogdan Trincă, Sorina Mitrescu, Livius Tirnea, Iosif Marincu A67 Clinical-evolutional aspects in present-day measles Narcisa Nicolescu, Alexandru Crișan, Voichița Lăzureanu, Ruxandra Laza, Virgil Musta, Adelina-Raluca Marinescu, Andreea Bîrlad A68 Pneumococcal superinfection in children with influenza Victor Daniel Miron, Anca Cristina Drăgănescu, Constanța-Angelica Vișan, Anuța Bilașco, Daniela Pițigoi, Oana Săndulescu, Monica Luminița Luminos A69 Varicella complicated with transverse myelitis - case presentation Monica Luminos, Endis Osman, Magdalena Vasile, Anca Cristina Drăgănescu, Constanța-Angelica Vișan, Anuța Bilașco, Camelia Kouris, Sabina Șchiopu, Mădălina Merișescu A70 Clinical forms of enterovirus infections during the summer season of 2016 Monica Luminos, Anca Cristina Drăgănescu, Constanța-Angelica Vișan, Anuța Bilașco, Camelia Kouris, Endis Osman, Sabina Vintilă, Magda Vasile, Mădălina Merișescu A71 Face off – HIV and lymphoma – case series presentation Liana Cătălina Gavriliu, Otilia Elisabeta Benea, Alina Angelescu, Ramona Zamfir, Daniela Camburu, Georgeta Ducu, Alina Cozma, Roxana Dumitriu, Manuela Podani, Șerban Benea, Mihaela Ionică A72 Coxsackie infection complicated by pancytopenia – pediatric case report Gheorghiță Jugulete, Adina Stăncescu, Cristina Elena Popescu, Luminița Marin, Diana Zaharia, Cristina Dumitrescu, Lucia Tudor, Sabina Vintilă A73 Viral respiratory infections in children in the season 2015–2016 Constanța-Angelica Vișan, Anca Cristina Drăgănescu, Anuța Bilașco, Magda Vasile, Mădălina Merișescu, Camelia Kouris, Cristina Negulescu, Endis Osman, Diana-Maria Slavu, Sabina Vintilă, Daniela Pițigoi, Monica Luminos A75 The severity of A H1N1 Influenza infection in the 2015–2016 season Cleo Roșculeț, Catrinel Olimpia Ciuca, Dalila Toma, Cătălin Apostolescu, Andrei Rogoz, Andrei Stangaciu, Viorica Mitescu, Doina Iovănescu, Cornel Camburu, Bogdana Manu A76 Acute respiratory distress syndrome in a child with measles Ana Vaduva-Enoiu, Ramona Georgiana Stanculete, Adelina Raluca Marinescu, Voichita Elena Lazureanu A77 Management challenges of right-sided infectious endocarditis in an HIV positive patient – case presentation Elena-Violeta Niță, Sînziana Dumitru, Daniela-Ioana Munteanu, Anca Ruxandra Negru, Remulus Catană, Ioan Diaconu, Bogdana Manu, Ligia Ionescu, Liliana Ion, Cătălin Tilișcan, Victoria Aramă A78 Bacterial infection in critical patients with severe A H1N1 influenza virus infection (epidemiology, development, therapeutic decisions) Doina Viorica Iovănescu, Cleo Nicoleta Roșculeț, Andrei Rogoz, Cătălin Apostolescu, Viorica Mitescu, Tudor Vladoiu, Dalila Toma, Catrinel Ciuca A79 Epidemiological aspects of severe acute respiratory infection cases (SARI) in the season 2015–2016, in the Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases – Constanța, Romania Iulia Gabriela Șerban, Marioara Neacșu A80Overexpression of IL-6 trans signaling pathway in viral infections Simona Roxana Georgescu, Vasile Benea, Corina Daniela Ene, Mircea Tampa, Cristina Iulia Mitran, Ilinca Nicolae A81 Acute viral hepatitis B with persistent HBsAg – description and evolution George Ciprian Pribac, Mirandolina Prisca, Fulvia Ursoiu, Carmen Neamtu, Bogdan Totolici, Coralia Cotoraci, Aurel Ardelean A82 Prevalence of cervical pathogens in a population of pregnant female patients monitored in a tertiary care hospital in Bucharest, Romania Simona Elena Albu, Mara Carsote, Beatrice Miclăuș, Diana Mihai, Oana Săndulescu, Cristina Vasiliu A83 Prevalence of group B Streptococcus during pregnancy in a cohort of patients monitored in a tertiary care hospital in Bucharest, Romania Cristina Vasiliu, Mara Carsote, Corina Gorgoi, Beatrice Miclăuș, Diana Mihai, Oana Săndulescu, Simona Elena Albu A84 Infectious hematoma in the gastrocnemius muscle – case presentation Amelia Blescun, Gelu Breaza A85 Reflections towards the underexplored HTLV Romanian viral circulation - adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphomas, a case series Sabina Vintila, Felicia Mihai, Meilin Omer, Cornel Dragan, Daniela Pitigoi A86 A febrile confusion syndrome with acute onset – case presentation Mirela Ciucu, Marius-Dan Ionescu, Cristina Roskanovic, Valentina Barbu, Iulian Diaconescu, Florentina Dumitrescu, Irina Niculescu A87 Retrobulbar optic neuritis in a HIV-positive patient - case report Mihaela Ionică, Ramona-Alexandra Zamfir, Alina Cozma, Otilia Elisabeta Benea A88 A rare presentation of Q fever – case presentation Alexandra-Sînziana Dumitru, Daniela-Ioana Munteanu, Violeta Niță, Cristina Popescu, Iulia Bodosca, Angelica Tenita, Viorica Ispas, Victoria Aramă A89 Tinea incognita – case presentation Vasile Benea, Simona Roxana Georgescu, Mircea Tampa, Diana Oana Leahu, Cristina Maria Safta, Mihaela Anca Benea A90 Incidence and risk factors associated with TORCH infections during pregnancy Oana Săndulescu, Octavian Munteanu, Roxana Bohâlțea, Livia Trașcă, Monica Cîrstoiu A91 Acute respiratory failure in critical patients with sepsis Doina Viorica Iovănescu, Cleo Nicoleta Roșculeț, Andrei Rogoz, Cătălin Gabriel Apostolescu, Viorica Daniela Mitescu, Tudor Gheorghe Vladoiu, Dalila Toma, Catrinel Ciuca A92 Cochleo-vestibular deficit secondary to Granulicatella elegans meningitis Mădălina Georgescu A93 Influenza 2015/2016 – clinical, epidemiological and virological characteristics of cases admitted in three infectious diseases hospitals Daniela Pițigoi, Alina Elena Ivanciuc, Mihaela Lazar, Teodora Ionescu, Carmen Maria Cherciu, Cristina Țecu, Maria Elena Mihai, Maria Nițescu, Rodica Bacruban, Delia Azamfire, Aura Dumitrescu, Elena Ianosik, Daniela Leca, Elena Duca, Andra Teodor, Codrina Bejan, Emanoil Ceaușu, Simin-Aysel Florescu, Corneliu Popescu, Grațiela Târdei, Codrina Juganariu, Emilia Lupulescu A94 Severe complications of varicella requiring hospitalization in previously healthy children in Brașov county Ligia Rodina, Maria Elena Cocuz A95 Clinical forms of Clostridium difficile colitis in children Gheorghiță Jugulete, Adina Stăncescu, Cristina Elena Popescu, Luminița Marin, Diana Zaharia, Cristina Dumitrescu, Endis Osman A96 Community-acquired pneumonia – demographic, clinical and etiological aspects Irina Niculescu, Augustin Cupșa, Iulian Diaconescu, Florentina Dumitrescu, Livia Dragonu, Andreea Stoian, Lucian Giubelan, Cristina Roskanovic A97 Acute myocarditis in an adult patient with chickenpox - Case report Ramona-Alexandra Zamfir, Mihaela Ionica, Otilia-Elisabeta Benea A98 Caustic oropharyngeal wound with acute group F streptococcal superinfection mimicking diphtheria – case report and differential diagnosis Maria-Cristina Sîrbu, AnaMaria Dobrotă, Alina Cristina Neguț, Roxana Duda, Rodica Bacruban, Daniela Pițigoi, Cristiana Cerasella Dragomirescu, Daniela Tălăpan, Olga Dorobăț, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Anca Streinu-Cercel A99 Clostridium difficile infection in HIV-positive patients admitted in the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș” in 2015 Mihaela Ionica, Ramona-Alexandra Zamfir, Alina Cozma, Otilia Elisabeta Benea A100 Title: Epidemiology of Candida oral infections (stomatitis) in Romania Sergiu Fendrihan, Ecaterina Scortan, Mircea Ioan Popa A101 Anthrax case series in south-eastern Romania Corneliu P Popescu, Șerban N Benea, Andra E Petcu, Adriana Hristea, Adrian Abagiu, Iuliana A Podea, Raluca E Jipa, Georgeta Ducu, Raluca M Hrișcă, Dragoș Florea, Manuela Nica, Eliza Manea, Simona Merișor, Cristian M Nicolae, Simin A Florescu, Irina M Dumitru, Emanoil Ceaușu, Sorin Rugină, Ruxandra V Moroti A102 Knowledge, risk perception and attitudes of healthcare workers at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș” regarding Ebola Daniela Pițigoi, Teodora Ionescu, Oana Săndulescu, Maria Nițescu, Bogdan Nițescu, Iulia Monica Mustaţă, Sorina Claudia Boldeanu, Florentina Furtunescu, Adrian Streinu-Cercel A103 A case of abdominopelvic actinomycosis with successful short-term antibiotic treatment Diana Gabriela Iacob, Simona Alexandra Iacob, Mihaela Gheorghe A104 A case of pneumonia caused by Raoultella planticola Iulian Diaconescu, Irina Niculescu, Floretina Dumitrescu, Lucian Giubelan A105 Vitamin D deficiency and sepsis in childhood Adriana Slavcovici, Raluca Tripon, Roxana Iubu, Cristian Marcu, Mihaela Sabou, Monica Muntean A106 The clinical and epidemiological aspects and prophylaxis of Lyme disease among patients who presented with tick bites to the Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital “Toma Ciorbă” Ion Chiriac, Tiberiu Holban, Liviu Tazlavanu A107 Drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV infected patients Raluca Jipa, Eliza Manea, Roxana Cernat, Kezdi Iringo, Andrei Vâță, Manuela Arbune, Teodora Moisil, Adriana Hristea A108 Kidney injury molecule-1 and urinary tract infections Corina-Daniela Ene, Ilinca Nicolae, Roxana Simona Georgescu A109 The impact of microbiological agents on serum gangliosides in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia Corina-Daniela Ene, Cosmin-Victor Ene, Roxana Simona Georgescu, Marilena Ciortea , Lucreția Dulgheru, Ilinca Nicolae A110 Toxocariasis - the experience of the Iași Infectious Diseases Hospital between 2013–2015 Mihaela Cătălina Luca, Ioana-Alina Harja-Alexa, Roxana Nemescu, Mădălina Popazu, Andrei Ștefan Luca A111 Species of anaerobic Gram-positive cocci involved in odontogenic abscesses Gabriela Bancescu, Bogdan Dabu, Adrian Bancescu A112 Clostridium difficile infection recurrences Eliza Manea, Raluca Jipa, Adriana Hristea A113 Differential diagnosis of staphylococcal and tuberculous osteodiscitis – case report Adina Elena Ilie, Săftica-Mariana Pohrib, Alina Cristina Neguț, Maria-Sabina Tache, Maria Magdalena Moțoi, Oana Săndulescu, Ion Aurel Iliescu, Adrian Streinu-Cercel A114 Severe clinical forms of respiratory syncytial virus infections Cristina Tecu, Maria-Elena Mihai, Mihaela Lazăr, Carmen Cherciu, Alina Ivanciuc, Daniela Pițigoi, Emilia Lupulescu A115 Acinetobacter baumannii postoperative sepsis associated with Clostridium difficile enterocolitis in an immune suppressed elderly patient Mirela Paliu, Manuela Curescu, Bianca Cerbu, Iosif Marincu A116 Risk factors and their impact on psychopathology and quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in Romania Fulvia Ursoiu, Mirandolina Prișcă, George Ciprian Pribac A117 Antivirals susceptibility of influenza viruses circulating in Romania Maria Elena Mihai, Carmen Maria Cherciu, Alina Elena Ivanciuc, Cristina Tecu, Emilia Lupulescu A118 Retrospective study of hospitalized cases of sepsis at the Hospital Clinic of Infectious Diseases “Toma Ciorbă” Irina Bunescu, Tiberiu Holban, Ana Pasnin, Stela Semeniuc, Raisa Popovici, Galina Chiriacov

Les recherches archéologiques menées dans l’été de 2015, à l’Ouest du promontoire Butuceni Orhei, est une suite logique des études qui ont été réalisées en 2013-2014. La complexité des résultats précédents ont soulevé plusieurs questions, et dans la recherche de solutions, les priorités ont été i déterminés par la nécessité de l’évaluation de la confi guration du système de défense dans le point extrême ouest du promontoire, ainsi que l’appréciation des éléments composants ce système. Il était nécessaire de corréler les segments défensifs trouvés avec des traces d’une parcelle relativement bien préservées de la fortifi cation, représentée comme les fossés et vallum disposés dans la partie supérieure du promontoire. Avant l’étude en 2013, on a cru que l’accès au côté ouest du promontoire a été bloqué par un système de protection rectiligne, qui commence exactement à ce point, en suivant le chemin vers l’ouest, dans la direction du canal rivière Raut. Nos observations nous ont amenés à croire que la ligne défensive, que nous avons identifi ée et explorée dans les années précédentes, aurait un trajet diff érent de celui qui a été considéré comme traditionnel. Pour tester cette hypothèse, ont été organisées en 2015 des fouilles, à la suite desquelles est détecté un nouveau segment défensif. Il convient de noter, cependant, que les structures observées ont aucun rapport avec les précédemment étudiés et ne contribuent pas à la confi rmation de l’hypothèse. Dans le même temps, il n’y a pas suffi samment de preuves pour le rejeter catégoriquement, laissant ainsi la place pour d’autres recherches plus approfondies.

In memoriam Ioan Glodariu

Archaeological research conducted in 2015 with the participation of students and teachers from UPS "Ion Creanga"

Bien que connu depuis près d’un siècle, la fortification de Horodca Mare, Hânceşti, n’a pas atteint les chercheurs que depuis quelques années maintenant. En outre, les interprétations occasionnelles de certains de mes collègues ont tendance à exclure le site de la liste des fortifications Gète, en faisant valoir sa position en l’absence de tous les indicateurs palpables de caractère défensif. Cette position est doublement regrettable, car il est venu à négliger les opinions exprimées par les archéologues des générations précédentes. Par conséquent, essayer de récupérer les arguments en faveur de caractère défensif du site du promontoire La Cetate, nous avons rassemblé et analysé les informations provenant de plusieurs sources, ainsi que les résultats de la recherche sur le terrain que nous avons menée en collaboration avec des collègues de l’Université Pédagogique de Chisinau. De cette façon, on a retourné aux collègues les arguments qui démontrent la nature défensive du site, suivie de la présentation des éléments caractéristiques défensifs qui ont été étudié au Horodca Mare.

As a result of archaeological investigations carried out in June 2015 near the village of Mana, there were found three fortified settlements: Mana III, Mana IV, and Mana V. The hill fort of Mana III, an area of about 0,18 ha, is located on the promontory at a distance of 1 km south of the village. From the east and west sides the fort was protected by steep slopes of the promontory, and from the north and south sides – by “ramparts” and ditches. On the surface of the settlement there were found fragments of the Thraco-Getic hand-made pottery and fragments of Greek amphorae, due to which the settlement can be attributed to the Thraco-Getic period. Also, at the site there was investigated a cremation burial typical for the Poieneşti-Lukashevka culture.

The archaeological investigations at the Getae fortified settlement of Horodca Mică revealed some materials from the medieval period. In the central part of its internal space a one-room dwelling with the floor deepened into the ground was found, characterized by two phases of habitat. At the first stage it was warmed by a clay oven located in the middle of the east wall, and at the second - by a rounded open hearth located in the central part of the room. In the filling and on the floor of the house, besides rather interesting collection of ceramics, there were found the following objects: an iron knife, an sub-rectangular iron buckle, a leaf-shaped arrowhead and a fragment of a whetstone with hanging hole. On the floor of the house there was also found a medieval coin issued by Moldavian Prince Iliaş (1432-1443), which was attributed to type V and dated approximately from 1442. The discovery of the coin makes possible dating the dwelling with the first half of 15th century. Further investigation of the internal space of the Getae fortified settlement will show whether it was an isolated dwelling or it was part of the medieval settlement arranged on the place of an ancient fortress by virtue of the military-political circumstances.

La fortification Horodca Mică est située dans la zone centrale de l'espace pruto-dniesterien, aux environs des sources de la rivière Botna, et elle est devenue objet des recherches systématiques depuis 2006. Plusieurs des résultats obtenus depuis cette date on été publiés entre temps. On compte parmi ceux-ci une étude concernant les éléments défensifs de la forteresse, où l'on a mis en avant l'hypothèse d'une fortification par étapes, du promontoire, alternées avec des destructions périodiques. Au départ, on avait plus insisté sur la première phase d'édification du système défensif, en décrivant ses éléments constitutifs, les techniques utilisées dans le processus d'édification, mais aussi l'évolution de la fortification même, jusqu'au dévastateur incendie qui a écroulé la construction défensive. Dans cet article on a repris le débat portant sur le système défensif. L'hypothèse sur laquelle on se fonde admet l'existence de trois autres phases de refortification du même espace, suite à la première destruction. Pour l'argumentaire de ce point de vue on s'est proposé de présenter dans un premier temps, le tableau des observations objectives, enregistrées sur le terrain, et dans un deuxième temps, partant de ces observations, offrir une explication de la vision que nous avons construit. Cette analyse porte y compris sur les modalités d'édification du système défensif dans chacune des phases identifiées, sur les techniques et matériaux utilisés, ainsi que des raisonnements concernant les repères chronologiques. On est donc d'avis que dans ces phases ultérieures de fortification du promontoire, a été procédé de la même manière que dans la première : un fossé a été creusé (en réalité c'est l'ancien qui a été étendu en largeur), derrière a été montée une palissade complexe, en bois (sur le sommet même de la vague constituée suite à l'écroulement de la construction de la phase précédente), remplie avec de la terre excavée du fossé. Dans la situation crée, la berme utilisée dans la première phase d'édification du système défensif, n'y trouvait plus sa place. Ainsi, on estime que la délimitation du fossé proprement-dit, depuis l'intérieur, doit être fixée par rapport à la palissade. De cette manière, des barrières solides ont pu être créées, qui, dû à leurs dimensions impressionnantes, ont protégé à plusieurs reprises la population de ces espaces, dans les siècles V à III a. Chr.

The subject developed here below concerns the populations that lived in the Carpatho-Dnestrian forest-steppe in the last two centuries of the pre-Christian era and that are archaeologically identified with the bearers of the Poienesti-Lucaseuca culture. Although studied for more than half a century, a number of contradictions persist today regarding the interpretation of certain elements. Most of them concern the ethnic composition of those populations. The lines bellow will mainly insist on the evolution of this aspect in the historiography, by delimiting the main assumptions emerged along the years and the arguments existing for each of them.