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Una constante que ha recorrido la vida de México es la presencia de un sentimiento nacionalista que ha enfrentado a mexicanos y no mexicanos, con anterioridad, incluso, a la formación de la república y previo a que las categorías de “nacional” y “extranjero” estuvieran ideológica o jurídicamente decantadas. La identidad nacional se ha erigido sobre la base de una premisa precaria que la condena a apartar persistentemente a “propios” de “extraños”, aprensión que se ha extendido no solo a quienes vienen de afuera y representan el ejemplo más evidente —los inmigrantes—, sino incluso a quienes viven entre nosotros: los propios pueblos indígenas. El trabajo ha sido elaborado sobre la base de una revisión crítica de conceptos y principios que forman los cimientos del tipo particular de nacionalismo que se desarrolló en México, caracterizado por una poderosa tendencia homogeneizadora como condición de una nación cohesionada y excepcional. Se trata de un nacionalismo etnificado que —por razones de sobrevivencia— recela del extranjero, impidiéndole abrirse a la inmigración y convivir naturalmente con la diversidad. Este artículo es un intento por comprender el proceso de construcción de la diferencia desde los albores de la independencia de México.

Este artículo tiene un doble objetivo: mostrar, por un lado, que México nunca ha sido destino de la inmigración internacional y, por otro, subrayar que el verdadero problema radica en que los nacionales se vean obligados a emigrar por millones. México representa una peculiaridad en el contexto latinoamericano al expulsar población en mucho mayor volumen del que recibe. Y este paradójico fenómeno no parece tener fin en el mediano plazo. La ausencia de inmigrantes se asume aquí como un síntoma grave de un problema político y social de fondo: la incapacidad del Estado nacional para convencer a sus propios ciudadanos de ‘quedarse en casa’, debido a que tiene muy poco que ofrecerles.

Abstract Despite progress in breast cancer treatment, a significant portion of patients still relapse because of drug resistance. The involvement of microRNAs in cancer progression and chemotherapy response is well established. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the dysregulation of the microRNA-449 family (specifically, microRNA-449a, microRNA-449b-5p, and microRNA-449c-5p) and its impact on resistance to doxorubicin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. We found that the microRNA-449 family is downregulated in triple-negative breast cancer and demonstrated its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. Besides, our findings indicate that the downregulation of the microRNA-449 family is mediated by the microRNAs-449/SIRT1-HDAC1 negative feedback loop. Moreover, it was found that the microRNA-449 family dysregulates the fatty acid metabolism by targeting ACSL4, which is a potential prognostic biomarker that mediates doxorubicin response through regulation of the drug extrusion pump ABCG2. Altogether, our results suggest that the microRNA-449 family might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer since it is implicated in doxorubicin response through ACSL4/ABCG2 axis regulation. Ultimately, our results also highlight the value of microRNAs-449 and ACSL4 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer. Proposed model of miRNAs-449 downregulation in TNBC and doxorubicin response. MiRNAs-449 are downregulated in TNBC through a negative feedback loop with SIRT1 and HDAC1. Moreover, ACSL4 increases ABCG2 expression, thus diminishing the intracellular doxorubicin concentration and promoting doxorubicin resistance. MiRNAs-449 overexpression downregulates the ACSL4/ABCG2 axis and sensitizes doxorubicin-resistant cells to doxorubicin. Created with BioRender. TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer; DOX: doxorubicin; SIRT1: Sirtuin 1; HDAC1: Histone deacetylase 1; ACSL4: Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 4; ABCG2: ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2.

Abstract The proposition of a minimal dose of resistance training (RT) to elicit health benefits, encompassing physiological and psychological aspects, has garnered attention. While empirical investigations have demonstrated the efficacy of low-volume RT protocols in inducing adaptations such as enhanced strength and functional capacity, further exploration of the effects of this paradigm across a broader spectrum of variables is warranted. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of minimal dose RT on strength and functional capacity, cardiac autonomic modulation, and hemodynamic parameters in menopausal women. Twenty-six women were randomly assigned to the training (TG: 63.2 ± 9.3 years) or control group (CG: 59.3 ± 7.6 years). Anthropometric measurements, strength and functional performance tests, cardiac autonomic assessment, and hemodynamic parameters were performed before and after four weeks of intervention. The TG performed the minimum dose RT twice weekly for four weeks (2 sets of 8–12 repetitions in three dynamic exercises, plus three 1-min isometric planks), and the CG had a weekly meeting with lectures and stretching. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was applied to each variable. Regarding time comparisons, there was a significant increase for LniRR (F = 4.78; ω2 = 0.046; p = 0.04), one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press (F = 8.06; ω2 = 0,013; p = 0.01), and 1RM leg press (F = 17.3; ω2 = 0,098; p

Abstract Introduction Healthy life expectancy is higher among individuals with higher socioeconomic standing. However, it is unclear whether such advantage is attributable to longer (i.e., mortality advantage) or to healthier (morbidity advantage) lifespans across different health conditions. Objective Estimate the contribution of mortality and morbidity components in differences in condition-free life expectancies (CFLE) and life expectancy with conditions (LEWC) for five major groups of conditions by sex and educational attainment, instead of using a global indicator of morbidity. Methods Using the Sullivan Method, we computed remaining life expectancies at age 40 and 65, CFLE, and LEWC and applied a stepwise decomposition technique, using national health surveys along with mortality data, in a cross-sectional analysis. Results An educational gradient was present in almost all conditions, with different intensities. For females, morbidity was the main contributor to educational differences in health expectancies, but mainly in the older age groups. For males, the drivers behind higher health expectancies for high-educated males were evenly distributed across mortality and morbidity between ages 40 and 65, but after that, the mortality gradient vanished between high-educated and middle-educated individuals. Discussion The changing contribution of the mortality and morbidity gradient for different conditions across age-groups brings evidence to adequately plan health policies to mitigate health gaps and improve quality of life of the populations in a lower social standing.

La jornada laboral constituye un factor socio-técnico del proceso de producción, que reviste gran importancia desde que, en un juego armónico con otros factores, diagrama las condiciones de labor. La limitación horaria de la misma, es resultado de arduas luchas entabladas por el movimiento obrero desde comienzos del siglo XIX, orientada a dignificar a la clase trabajadora, que era explotada, ante la ausencia de un Régimen Normativo Protectorio, en jornadas que superaban, en la mayoría de los casos, las 15 hs. diarias, siempre con la excusa de la maximización de utilidades. Las razones biológicas, económicas, sociales sustentaban la pretensión de su reducción horaria. Corolario de ello, es que actualmente Argentina [1] tenga instituido un régimen de jornada de 8 hs diarias o 48 hs semanales (como regla), que puede ser, excepcionalmente, ampliada ante determinados supuestos expresados en la ley. Ahora bien, en el contexto actual, donde la demanda de trabajo está en declive, frente a una empresa que busca exprimir cada dosis de trabajo posible, han surgido voces que comulgan con la idea de reducir la jornada de trabajo, como un mecanismo para la inclusión de mano de obra al mercado, y para el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida.

A substantial proportion of HER2+ breast cancer patients do not benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. Here, the authors identify a population of cancer-associated fibroblasts involved in the suppression of trastuzumab-induced ADCC that can be pharmacologically targeted to raise treatment effectiveness in unresponsive tumors.

Durante el estado de emergencia y las cuarentenas implementadas por los líderes mundiales, se ha observado un aumento significativo en la actividad de las personas en las redes sociales, como Twitter, donde comparten opiniones y noticias cargadas de emociones. En este estudio, presentamos una herramienta de visualización para el análisis de sentimientos en tweets relacionados con COVID-19 en la ciudad de Lima, Perú, durante el año 2020. Para ello, entrenamos un modelo BERT llamado BETO, diseñado específicamente para el procesamiento de lenguaje natural en español. Utilizamos el conjunto de datos SenWave, que comprende 11 emociones, para entrenar el modelo. Posteriormente, validamos el modelo utilizando un conjunto de datos compuesto por 33,770 tweets recolectados en la ciudad de Lima, Perú. El resultado de nuestro estudio es un panel de control interactivo que muestra el flujo de sentimientos expresados en los tweets analizados. Nuestros hallazgos revelan que las tres emociones más frecuentes durante el año 2020 fueron: humor, aburrimiento y optimismo. Además, identificamos las cinco palabras más populares utilizadas en los tweets: contagio, salud, distanciamiento, aislamiento y Martín Vizcarra, en referencia al expresidente del Perú.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of knee injuries in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) practitioners. Methods: Cross-sectional study, using a mixed questionnaire, based on the Referred Morbidity Index. Results: 198 amateur and professional BJJ fighters, of both sexes, aged between 18 and 60 years, participated in the study. The majority (88%) of the fighters had only one knee injury (p < 0.001). In total, 29.8% proportion of knee injuries (p < 0.001) was identified, which were mainly from the medial collateral ligament (38%), caused by a sprain mechanism (86%) and conservative treatment (65%). Conclusion: A high prevalence of knee injuries in JJB fighters was found, compared to other sports that also perform rotational movements and have great body contact, such as mixed martial arts (MMA), judo, soccer, basketball and handball. Some JJB strikes, such as the key and the projection, can cause greater knee joint stress, both in the attacking fighter and in the opponent. The knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of sports injuries is important in the elaboration of prevention and training protocols more specific to the sport and for the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved with this outcome in sport. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la serie de posibles heterogeneidades que subyacen a la aparente similitud en ciertos indicadores no refinados de mortalidad por COVID-19 -como las tasas brutas de mortalidad o las muertes por millón de habitantes- en Argentina y Colombia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio en el que se utilizaron datos agregados de los informes diarios de vigilancia epidemiológica proporcionados por los ministerios de salud de Argentina y de Colombia, para explorar diferenciales en el nivel poblacional mediante el uso de técnicas clásicas de estandarización demográfica. RESULTADOS: Se detectó que el impacto de la mortalidad y la letalidad de casos es mayor en Colombia, debido a que tiene una estructura poblacional y de casos positivos de menor edad que Argentina. En especial, la mayoría de las diferencias entre países puede explicarse por ciertos grupos de edad. DISCUSIÓN: El hallazgo principal ha sido que la gran mayoría de las defunciones esperadas en Argentina y Colombia ocurrió en los grupos de 50 y de 80 años, lo que implica que el riesgo real de muerte para la población colombiana puede ser mayor que el observado para dichos grupos etarios

Resumen La pandemia del virus Covid-19 tiene el efecto paradójico de ponernos en una situación completamente nueva para el mundo moderno y, al mismo tiempo, movilizar conceptos que conocemos desde hace mucho tiempo. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer que la pandemia del coronavirus explicitó el entramado del mundo y al hacerlo nos transformó en lo que llamo la “sociedad del espanto” habitada por una nueva subjetividad que se caracteriza por la figura de los “nuevos heridos”, desarrollada por Catherine Malabou. A través de establecer asociaciones entre Mauss, Bateson e Ingold se intenta entender las relaciones entre el hombre y el mundo como un conjunto entrelazado de líneas de vida, crecimiento y movimiento, que permite comprender las relaciones entre las dimensiones biológica, psicológica y social. Se propone pensar la pandemia y la cuarentena como un evento traumático a través de la cual se podría construir una nueva identidad colectiva e individual.

The goal of this study was to examine vascular control after sympathetic stimulation by tyramine infusion in hypertensive rats submitted to swimming training. To this end, male rats were assigned to the following groups: sedentary (SN) and trained normotensive (TN), sedentary (SH) and trained hypertensive (TH). Arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), AP variability (APV), and cardiac autonomic function were recorded. Following, infusion of tyramine was administrated. The TN and TH showed a lower resting HR compared with their respective sedentary groups (p

BackgroundThe SOLTI-1301 AGATA study aimed to assess the feasibility of a multi-institutional molecular screening program to better characterize the genomic landscape of advanced breast cancer (ABC) and to facilitate patient access to matched-targeted therapies in Spain.MethodsDNA sequencing of 74 cancer-related genes was performed using FFPE tumor samples in three different laboratories with three different gene panels. A multidisciplinary advisory board prospectively recommended potential targeted treatments. The primary objective was to determine the success of matching somatic DNA alteration to an experimental drug/drug class.ResultsBetween September 2014 and July 2017, 305 patients with ABC from 10 institutions were enrolled. Tumor sequencing was successful in 260 (85.3%) patients. Median age was 54 (29-80); most tumors were hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (74%), followed by triple-negative (14.5%) and HER2-positive (11.5%). Ninety-seven (37%) tumor samples analyzed proceeded from metastatic sites. Somatic mutations were identified in 163 (62.7%) patients, mostly in PIK3CA (34%), TP53 (22%), AKT1 (5%), ESR1 (3%), and ERBB2 (3%) genes. Significant enrichment of AKT1 mutation was observed in metastatic versus primary samples (9% vs. 2%; p=0.01). Genome-driven cancer therapy was recommended in 45% (n=116) of successfully screened patients, 11% (n=13) of whom finally received it. Among these patients, 46.2% had a PFS of ≥6 months on matched therapy.ConclusionsAGATA is the first nationwide molecular screening program carried out in Spain and we proved that implementing molecular data in the management of ABC is feasible. Although these results are promising, only 11% of the patients with genome-driven cancer therapy received it.

BackgroundAn Ostomy Self-management Telehealth (OSMT) intervention by nurse educators and peer ostomates can equip new ostomates with critical knowledge regarding ostomy care. A telehealth technology assessment aim was to measure telehealth engineer support requirements for telehealth technology–related (TTR) incidents encountered during OSMT intervention sessions held via a secure cloud-based videoconferencing service, Zoom for Healthcare. ObjectiveThis paper examines technology-related challenges, issues, and opportunities encountered in the use of telehealth in a randomized controlled trial intervention for cancer survivors living with a permanent ostomy. MethodsThe Arizona Telemedicine Program provided telehealth engineering support for 105 OSMT sessions, scheduled for 90 to 120 minutes each, over a 2-year period. The OSMT groups included up to 15 participants, comprising 4-6 ostomates, 4-6 peer ostomates, 2 nurse educators, and 1 telehealth engineer. OSMT-session TTR incidents were recorded contemporaneously in detailed notes by the research staff. TTR incidents were categorized and tallied. ResultsA total of 97.1% (102/105) OSMT sessions were completed as scheduled. In total, 3 OSMT sessions were not held owing to non–technology-related reasons. Of the 93 ostomates who participated in OSMT sessions, 80 (86%) completed their OSMT curriculum. TTR incidents occurred in 36.3% (37/102) of the completed sessions with varying disruptive impacts. No sessions were canceled or rescheduled because of TTR incidents. Disruptions from TTR incidents were minimized by following the TTR incident prevention and incident response plans. ConclusionsTelehealth videoconferencing technology can enable ostomates to participate in ostomy self-management education by incorporating dedicated telehealth engineering support. Potentially, OSMT greatly expands the availability of ostomy self-management education for new ostomates. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02974634; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02974634

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis is an emerging infectious disease. Due to human migration and tourism, visceral leishmaniasis may become more common in non-endemic areas. In the Mediterranean basin, visceral leishmaniasis typically occurs in rural regions. Case presentation We present an unusual urban case of acute liver failure due to visceral leishmaniasis, following a prolonged fever of unknown origin. After obtaining negative results from the bone marrow aspirate, we performed a liver biopsy that elucidated the diagnosis. The liver involvement in visceral leishmaniasis may appear as chronic granulomatous hepatitis. However diffuse hepatitis process, a necro-inflammatory pattern, without forming granulomas were observed in the liver biopsy specimens in this case. Intracytoplasmic Leishmania amastigotes were observed in the liver biopsy specimens and a polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis. Only five pathological confirmed cases of acute hepatitis due to visceral leishmaniasis have been described so far, just two in adults and both from Barcelona. A revision of the literature is performed. Conclusions Acute hepatitis is an uncommon debut of visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompetent patients. Furthermore there are only few cases in the literature that describe the histopathological changes that we found in this patient. In conclusion, in case of acute hepatitis leading to liver failure, leishmaniasis should be considered a differential diagnosis (even in non-endemic countries and without clear epidemiological exposure) and liver biopsy can elucidate the diagnosis.

Resumen: Introducción: Los niños pequeños tienen una percepción del dolor igual o incluso mayor que los adultos, lo que puede tener consecuencias a corto y largo plazo. Se han descrito intervenciones no farmacológicas para aliviar el dolor en los niños durante el acto de la vacunación. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar 3 de estas intervenciones para reducir el dolor asociado a la vacunación: succión no nutritiva (SNN), amamantamiento (LM) y solución de glucosa al 50% (SG50). Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, no aleatorizado, de cohortes en niños de 2, 4 y 6 meses que reciben 2, 3 y 1 vacuna, respectivamente, según calendario vacunal sistemático. Se realizaron 3 intervenciones: SNN, LM y ofrecer 2 ml de suero glucosado al 50% con SNN. La medición del dolor se efectuó con la escala LLANTO y con el tiempo de llanto. Resultados: Se incluyó a 387 niños. La media de la escala LLANTO a los 2 y 6 meses era significativamente menor en los niños amamantados que en los niños con SNN (p = 0,025 y p

Abstract Background Pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) varies between 30 and 40% approximately. To provide further insight into the prediction of pCR, we evaluated the role of an epigenetic methylation-based signature. Methods Epigenetic assessment of DNA extracted from biopsy archived samples previous to NAC from TNBC patients was performed. Patients included were categorized according to previous response to NAC in responder (pCR or residual cancer burden, RCB = 0) or non-responder (non-pCR or RCB > 0) patients. A methyloma study was performed in a discovery cohort by the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (450K array) from Illumina. The epigenetic silencing of those methylated genes in the discovery cohort were validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing (PyroMark Q96 System version 2.0.6, Qiagen) and qRT-PCR in an independent cohort of TN patients and in TN cell lines. Results Twenty-four and 30 patients were included in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. In the discovery cohort, nine genes were differentially methylated: six presented higher methylation in non-responder patients (LOC641519, LEF1, HOXA5, EVC2, TLX3, CDKL2) and three greater methylation in responder patients (FERD3L, CHL1, and TRIP10). After validation, a two-gene (FER3L and TRIP10) epigenetic score predicted RCB = 0 with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.905 (95% CI = 0.805–1.000). Patients with a positive epigenetic two-gene score showed 78.6% RCB = 0 versus only 10.7% RCB = 0 if signature were negative. Conclusions These results suggest that pCR in TNBC could be accurately predicted with an epigenetic signature of FERD3L and TRIP10 genes. Further prospective validation of these findings is warranted.

Aurora kinases (AURK) are key regulators of the mitotic spindle formation. AURK is frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancer and this overexpression has been frequently associated with prognosis in these tumours. Interestingly, AURK have been shown to interact with DNA repair mechanisms and other cell cycle regulators. These functions have brought light to Aurora family as a potential target for anticancer therapy. In the last years, two clinical trials with different AURK inhibitors have shown activity in epithelial and clear-cell ovarian cancer. Although there is a lack of predictive factors of AURK inhibition activity, recent trials have identified some candidates. This review will focus in the functions of the AURK family, its role as prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer and potential clinical implications.

Downregulation of miR-33b has been documented in many types of cancers and is being involved in proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the enhancer of zeste homolog 2-gene (EZH2) is a master regulator of controlling the stem cell differentiation and the cell proliferation processes. We aim to evaluate the implication of miR-33b in the EMT pathway in HER2+ breast cancer (BC) and to analyze the role of EZH2 in this process as well as the interaction between them. miR-33b is downregulated in HER2+ BC cells vs healthy controls, where EZH2 has an opposite expression in vitro and in patients’ samples. The upregulation of miR-33b suppressed proliferation, induced apoptosis, reduced invasion, migration and regulated EMT by an increase of E-cadherin and a decrease of ß-catenin and vimentin. The silencing of EZH2 mimicked the impact of miR-33b overexpression. Furthermore, the inhibition of miR-33b induces cell proliferation, invasion, migration, EMT, and EZH2 expression in non-tumorigenic cells. Importantly, the Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant association between high miR-33b expression and better overall survival. These results suggest miR-33b as a suppressive miRNA that could inhibit tumor metastasis and invasion in HER2+ BC partly by impeding EMT through the repression of the MYC–EZH2 loop.

Se presentan las recomendaciones en las cuales la Sociedad Mexicana de Cardiología (SMC) en conjunto con la Asociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México (ANCAM), así como diferentes asociaciones médicas mexicanas vinculadas con la cardiología, después de una revisión y análisis exhaustivo y consensuado sobre los tópicos relacionados con las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la pandemia de COVID-19, se analizan posturas científicas y se dan recomendaciones responsables sobre medidas generales a los pacientes, con cuidados personales, alimentación saludable, actividad física regular, acciones en caso de paro cardiorrespiratorio, la protección del paciente y del personal de salud así como las indicaciones precisas en el uso de la imagen cardiovascular no invasiva, la prescripción de medicamentos, cuidados en tópicos específicos como en la hipertensión arterial sistémica, insuficiencia cardiaca, arritmias y síndromes coronarios agudos, además de hacer énfasis en los procedimientos de electrofisiología, intervencionismo, cirugía cardiaca y en la rehabilitación cardiaca. El interés principal es brindar a la comunidad médica una orientación general sobre el quehacer en la práctica cotidiana y pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares en el escenario esta crisis epidemiológica sin precedentes de COVID-19.

La evaluación de pastizales en regiones áridas y semiáridas es una herramienta clave tanto para planificar el manejo ganadero como para realizar diagnósticos ambientales. Si bien hay un consenso sobre la utilidad de dicha herramienta en la Patagonia, es muy costoso evaluar pastizales que tengan mucho detalle (grano) y, a la vez, cubrir amplias zonas o paisajes (extensión). Por esta razón, compatibilizar la resolución y la calidad de la información con la extensión espacial que se requiere para tomar decisiones en sistemas ganaderos todavía es un desafío operativo sin solución efectiva. En este sentido, en las últimas dos décadas, el uso de imágenes satelitales para evaluar pastizales fue en aumento. Los desarrollos asociados a la captura de imágenes mediante el uso de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (VANT) ofrecerían ventajas como complemento de información, dado que incrementan sensiblemente la resolución espacial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue clasificar ambientes de pastizal mediante el uso de imágenes satelitales y de VANT, y comparar sus respectivas contribuciones para evaluar pastizales en la Patagonia. En particular, se comparó la resolución espacial de una clasificación no supervisada de ambientes utilizando imágenes satelitales SPOT 7 e imágenes capturadas por un sensor óptico montado en un VANT. El estudio de los pastizales se podría potenciar con el uso de distintas fuentes de información de manera complementaria y accesible para el seguimiento de ambientes y para la planificación del manejo del pastoreo en ambientes muy heterogéneos en regiones áridas y semiáridas de la Patagonia, Argentina. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.19.29.3.0.791

Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) in very young women (BCVY) is more aggressive than in older women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relevance of a range of clinico-pathological factors in the prognosis of BCVY patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 258 patients diagnosed with BCVY at our hospital from 1998 to 2014; the control group comprised 101 older patients with BC. We correlated clinicopathological factors, treatments, relapse and exitus with age and with previously published miRNA expression data. Results: We identified some significant differences in risk factors between BCVY and older patients. The age at menarche, number of pregnancies, and age at first pregnancy were lower in the BCVY group and had a greater probability of recurrence and death in all cases. Lymph node-positive patients in the BCVY group are associated with a worse prognosis ( P = .02), an immunohistochemical HER2 + subtype, and disease relapse ( P = .03). Moreover, there was a shorter time between diagnosis and first relapse in BCVY patients compared with controls, and they were more likely to die from the disease ( P = .002). Finally, from our panel of miRNAs deregulated in BC, reduced miR-30c expression was associated with more aggressive BC in very young patients, lower overall survival, and with axillary lymph node metastases. Conclusions: Patient age and axillary lymph node status post-surgery are independent and significant predictors of distant disease-free survival, local recurrence-free survival, and overall survival. The HER2 + subtype and lower miR-30c expression are related to poor prognosis in lymph node-positive young BC patients.

We present a derivative-free algorithm for solving bound constrained systems of nonlinear monotone equations. The algorithm generates feasible iterates using in a systematic way the residual as search direction and a suitable step-length closely related to the Barzilai-Borwein choice. A convergence analysis is described. We also present one application in solving problems related with the study of reaction-diffusion processes that can be described by nonlinear partial differential equations of elliptic type. Numerical experiences are included to highlight the efficacy of proposed algorithm.

Abstract Aims: To investigate the effect of 12 weeks of intradialytic aerobic training on serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha and functional capacity. Methods: Thirty sedentary volunteers were randomly assigned to either to exercise or control group. Exercise group were submitted to 12 weeks of aerobic training performed on a cycle ergometer for 30 minutes at intensity rated using the Borg scale (6 to 7) three times a week while control group kept the daily habits. Results: After 12 weeks only exercise group presented a significant reduction of serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha and an increase in serum levels of interleukin-10 and functional capacity. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of intradialytic aerobic training was effective in controlling inflammation and improving the functional ability of patients with chronic kidney disease.

ResumoO objetivo deste texto é mostrar, através de diferentes situações etnográficas, como se produz o processo de aprendizado de um médico de família em um contexto específico como é o cotidiano de uma residência em medicina de família e comunidade. Para isso é necessário fazer um percurso que permita entender as características específicas dessa prática em complementaridade com a formação biomédica que os residentes trazem consigo de sua graduação. Fundamentalmente apoiarei minha argumentação em dois conceitos-chave: o de cultura epistêmica, extraído da obra de Karin Knorr Cetina, e o de educação da atenção, de Tim Ingold.

Abstract AIMS We evaluated whether exercise training ameliorates cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in obesity-induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. METHODS Wistar male rats were assigned in normal diet, sedentary (ND-S) and trained (ND-T) and HFD, sedentary (HFD-S) and trained (HFD-T). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), BP variability (BPV), cardiac baroreflex and cardiac autonomic tonus were assessed. RESULTS HFD-S showed higher bodyweight increase (19.4%) compared to all other groups (HFD-T: 13.2%, ND-S: 14% and ND-T: 12.4%). Relative epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral fat was also greater in HFD-S compared to all other groups. Resting bradycardia in ND-T (339.5±10.6 bpm) and HFD-T (341.0 ± 9.4 bpm) was more pronounced than ND-S (438.4 ± 6.3 bpm; p

Two renal arteries supply the human kidneys: one to the right kidney and another to the left kidney, both branches of the abdominal aortic. Renal artery duplication is an anatomical variation, which is a normal flexibility of the topography and morphology in body structures. Functionally, it does not impair the body, as the blood supply is vital to tissue survival. In this context, the case study has great importance, once knowing the variations of the renal vessels assist when structuring surgeries and radiological studies in humans. Variations in vascular anatomy are often found in humans. Several authors characterize it: the prevalence of multiple vessels occurs in approximately 20-50% of cases. This is an observational study; we aimed to describe the anatomical variations concerning the duplicity of the renal artery in human cadavers, focusing on possible implications to clinical and surgical procedures. We dissected and analyzed four urinary block systems in adult cadavers, male, with focus on the vascularization. In these, two right kidneys present double renal arteries. Thus, we can infer that this knowledge can be used to improve surgical interventions, such as transplants.

This study evaluated the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on a high-intensity intermittent exercise performance and physiological indicators in amateur soccer players. Thirteen players (21.5 ± 2 yrs) attended three trials separated by 3–5 days in a counterbalanced randomized cross-over design: IPC (4 × 5-min occlusion 220 mmHg/reperfusion 0 mmHg) in each thigh; SHAM (similar to the IPC protocol but “occlusion” at 20 mmHg) and control (seated during the same time of IPC). After 6-min of each trial (IPC, SHAM or control), the players performed the YoYo Intermittent Endurance Test level 2 (YoYoIE2). The distance covered in the YoYoIE2 (IPC 867 ± 205 m; SHAM 873 ± 212 m; control 921 ± 206 m) was not different among trials (p = 0.10), furthermore, lactate concentration and rate of perceived exertion did not differ (P > 0.05) among protocols. There were also no significant differences in either mean heart rate (HR) or peak HR (p > 0.05) for both IPC and SHAM compared to control. Therefore, we conclude that acute IPC does not influence high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in amateur soccer players and that rate of perceived exertion, heart rate and lactate do not differ between the intervention IPC, SHAM and control.

En este artículo se examina el influjo de la ideología nacionalista surgida de la Revolución Mexicana sobre la manera de entender el rol y la presencia de los extranjeros en el nuevo modelo de nación que se buscó construir. El nacionalismo de tipo defensivo que se afianzó con el estallido de la revolución optó por limitar el aporte del flujo inmigratorio. El surgimiento de la doctrina del Mestizaje representó el marco conceptual en el que prejuicios étnicos y raciales latentes terminaron por sustentar la política de inmigración adoptada por los gobiernos en el periodo posrevolucionario. El ‘pueblo mexicano’ asumió el papel protagónico y exclusivo en el esfuerzo por hacer realidad el nuevo proyecto de sociedad, en tanto que la participación de los extranjeros terminará excluida de él.

OBJETIVO:Avaliar fatores de risco cardiometabólicos durante a gestação normal, observando a influência da obesidade materna sobre os mesmos.MÉTODOS:Estudo realizado com 25 gestantes sadias com gestação única e idade gestacional inferior a 20 semanas. Foi feita análise longitudinal de pressão arterial, peso, índice de massa corporal (IMC), concentrações séricas de leptina, adiponectina, cortisol, colesterol total e frações, triglicérides, ácido úrico, glicose de jejum, teste oral de tolerância à glicose, HOMA-IR e relação insulina/glicose nos três trimestres da gestação. Para avaliação da influência da obesidade, as gestantes foram divididas em dois grupos baseados no IMC do primeiro trimestre: grupo com peso normal (Gpn) para gestantes com IMC

La gestión y la acción administrativa social en el campo organizacional han generado controversia sobre los medios y la finalidad de los diferentes procesos que agencia el Trabajo Social en organizaciones tanto del sector privado como del público. El presente artículo es una invitación a analizar los principales puntos de discusión entre el Trabajo Social y la Administración, argumentando la manera como estos se complementan y retroalimentan en los procesos de intervención social en lo que se refiere al ámbito organizacional, y en especial a la gerencia social, como propuesta interdisciplinar y proyecto social que propende por el desarrollo organizacional y por el desarrollo integral del talento humano. En este sentido, la gerencia social puede ser entendida como un instrumento para encauzar procesos sociales y propiciar espacios de desarrollo y fomento de las capacidades y potencialidades de la población que participa en los procesos agenciados desde el Trabajo Social. En esta perspectiva se reconoce la importancia de planear, organizar, direccionar y evaluar los diversos procesos que asumimos como trabajadores sociales, bien sea con grupos, familias, individuos, comunidades u organizaciones. Finalmente, este artículo se refiere a los compromisos y exigencias para la profesión y la academia, reconociendo que los escenarios de intervención profesional son grandes oportunidades y posibilidades de apostarle a la transformación de las realidades abordadas.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985739O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a capacidade de adesão da madeira serrada de eucalipto proveniente de três sistemas de manejo, empregando-se os adesivos: resorcina formaldeído, e dois adesivos em emulsão aquosa à base de poliacetato de vinila. Os sistemas de manejo foram caracterizados por três estratos, sendo o estrato um (E1) caracterizado por madeira proveniente de talhadia e idade de 70 meses; o estrato dois (E2) caracterizado por madeira de reforma e idade de 166 meses e o estrato três (E3) caracterizado também por reforma aos 70 meses de idade. A madeira foi originada de uma mistura aleatória das duas primeiras toras serradas, de três metros cada, a partir da base, que compuseram três tratamentos, relativos aos adesivos utilizados. Foi avaliada a resistência ao cisalhamento por compressão paralela e o percentual de falha na madeira na linha de cola. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se afirmar que a adesão apresentou desempenho satisfatório em todas as resinas utilizadas, sendo que os valores médios da resistência ao cisalhamento da linha de cola mostraram-se equivalentes à resistência ao cisalhamento da madeira sólida apenas para as amostras aderidas com o adesivo Wonderbond, proporcionando também maiores valores para falha na madeira (97,64%). A maior densidade presente na madeira do segundo estrato (E2) influenciou apenas na colagem com a resina resorcina formaldeído. Para o acetato de polivinila (Cascorez 2590), os valores do cisalhamento diminuíram na terceira condição de manejo (E3).

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo avaliou as adaptações teciduais cardíacas em ratos submetidos a treinamento aeróbio, após o bloqueio da síntese de óxido nítrico (NO). MÉTODOS: Os animais (n = 48) foram divididos em quatro grupos: sedentários (grupo CONTROLE), hipertensos após administração de Ng-nitro-L-arginina metil éster durante sete dias (grupo L-NAME), treinados por meio de natação durante oito semanas (grupo TREINADO) e treinados e tratados com L-NAME na última semana (grupo TREINADO L-NAME). Em todos os animais foi registrada a pressão arterial (PA) e realizada a avaliação morfométrica cardíaca. RESULTADOS: Os grupos L-NAME e TREINADO L-NAME apresentaram-se hipertensos em relação aos demais (p < 0,05), porém a elevação da PA no grupo TREINADO L-NAME foi significativamente menor em relação ao L-NAME (p < 0,05). Os grupos TREINADO e TREINADO L-NAME apresentaram índice de peso cardíaco maior que os grupos CONTROLE e L-NAME (p < 0,05). Também apresentaram maiores índices de área cardíaca macroscópica e de fibrose cardíaca em relação aos demais (p < 0,05) e, quando comparados, o grupo TREINADO L-NAME mostrou-se significativamente superior (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O bloqueio a curto prazo da síntese de NO, em animais sedentários, induziu hipertensão, sem no entanto causar hipertrofia cardíaca. Nos animais treinados, a inibição da síntese de NO atenuou a hipertensão e promoveu hipertrofia cardíaca com aumento expressivo da fibrose miocárdica, sugerindo importante papel do NO nas adaptações teciduais cardíacas induzidas pelo treinamento físico aeróbio.OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate cardiac tissue adaptations in rats submitted to aerobic training after nitric oxide (NO) synthesis blockade. METHODS: The animals (n=48) were divided into four groups: sedentary (CONTROL group); hypertensive after administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester for 7 days (L-NAME Group); trained for 8 weeks through swimming exercises (TRAINED Group);trained and treated with L-NAME during the last week (L-NAME TRAINED Group). All the animals were submitted to the experiment procedures for blood pressure (BP) readings and cardiac morphometric evaluation. RESULTS: In comparison to the other groups, the L-NAME and L-NAME TRAINED groups were hypertensive (p

Ecología Austral, 25:81-85 (2015) The aim of this work was to evaluate the ash toxicity from the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex on the survival of two Orthopteran species: the grasshoper Dichroplus vittigerum and the green locust Brugilis sp. Two grain size were used to evaluate the effect of volcanic eruption on these insects. Chemical analyses from this eruption proved that the ashes were very abrasive and predominantly composed of silica shards (SiO2) and aluminia (Al2O3), two substances with insecticidal properties. In northern Patagonia, both orthopteran species are polyphagous chewers on grasses and dicots. The laboratory data showed that sustained exposure to volcanic ash induced mortality in adult grasshoppers. Survival of D. vittigerum significantly decreased once exposed to the two ash granulometries. In turn, Brugilis sp. survival was significantly reduced when exposed to fine grain ashes. These results suggest that the onset of the volcanic eruption with the consequent suspension of the pyroclastic material in the air might negatively impacted these orthopteran due to the mortality of adults. The ash from the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex could be compared to the application of non-persistent and broad spectrum insecticide, causing a temporary reduction in orthopteran populations.