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Octolasion lacteum (Örley) Octolasium lacteum: Michaelsen, 1910: 70; Malevich 1953: 41; Perel 1979: 204; Octolasion lacteum: Maksimova & Mukhin 2015: 59. Octolasion tyrtaeum: Shekhovtsov et al. 2014. A widespread peregrine species. Endogeic. Distribution (Fig. 2c): Brest Reg.: Baranovichi Distr., 53°12’29.45”N, 26°06’35.53”E, black alder forest on the bank of Shchara River, 04.05.2019, 29 ex.; Bereza Distr., 52°26’48.66”N, 24°58’19.20”E, cultivated meadow, 04.05.2019, 1 ex.; Drogichin Distr., Yamnik vill. env., 52°04’2.42”N, 24°56’34.58”E, mineral island in Zvanets fen, oak grove, 05.05.2019, 5 ex.; Kamenets Distr., 3.4 km SE of Lyatskie vill., 52°35’17.88”N, 23°52’30.32”E, hornbeam oak forest with spruce, 06.05.2019, 4 ex.; Kobrin Distr., 52°14’5.10”N, 24°24’47.27”E, meadow in the floodplain of Mukhavets River, 06.05.2019, 8 ex.; Pinsk Distr., Konyukhi vill. env., 52°0’53.66”N, 26°25’21.38”E, floodplain of Styr River, 17.05.2014, 1 ex.; Pruzhany Distr., Vybrody vill., 52°44’26.16”N, 24°11’47.44”E, black alder forest, 07.05.2019, 28 ex. Gomel Reg.: Chechersk Distr., Volosovichi vill. env., 52°59’10.68”N, 31°09’16.09”E, black alder forest, 16.05.2020, 1 ex., Krasnyj Bereg vill., 52°56’16.30”N, 30°56’37.14”E, bank of Sozh River, willow bushes, 16.05.2020, 11 ex.; Gomel Distr., Dobrush vill., 52°10’42.76”N, 30°43’13.39”E, canal bank, 16.05.2020, 2 ex.; Bragin Distr., Vyal’e vill. env., 51°32’18.89”N, 30°29’40.65”E, black alder forest with Carex, 2 ex.; Vyal’e vill. env., 51°33’16.50”N, 30°30’4.30”E, edge of Morozovka Riv. floodplain, forest litter and soil, 1 ex.; Loev Distr., Sutkovo vill. env., 52°01’54.77”N, 30°41’32.68”E, black alder forest, 15.05.2020, 2 ex.; Mozyr Distr., Mozyr town, 52°01’50.41”N, 29°15’24.98”E, deciduous forest in a ravine, 13.05.2020, 3 ex.; Strel’sk vill. env., 51°56’44.70”N, 29°26’32.10”E, hornbeam-oak forest, 12.05.2014, 1 ex.; same location, hornbeam-oak forest in the ravine, under the bark of fallen trees and in the soil, 13.05.2020, 5 ex., shrubs on the Pripyat’ River bank, 3 ex.; Rechitsa Distr., Rudnya Zhigal’skaya, 52°09’55.15”N, 30°37’14.89”E, meadow in the floodplain of Dnieper River, 20.10.2020, 6 ex.; Rudnya Zhigal’skaya vill. env., 52°09’54.97”N, 30°37’06.63”E, floodplain of Dnieper River, willow grove, 14.05.2020, 11 ex.; Svetlogorsk Distr., 2.5 km N of Chirkovichi vill., 52°40’55.51”N, 29°39’34.90”E, meadow and willow bushes in floodplain of Berezina River, 28.07.2020, 28 ex.; Zhitkovichi Distr., Sluch station env., Sluch River grassy floodplain, 52°13’13.19”N, 27°32’58.74”E, 23.07.2020, 15 ex.; Hlupin vill. env., 52°04’12.97”N, 28°09’20.27”E, floodplain oak forest, bank of lake, in the soil, 23.07.2020, 26 ex.; 2 km NE of Hlupin vill., 52°04’6.58”N, 28°09’22.68”E, floodplain oak forest, 13.05.2014, 1 ex. Grodno Reg.: Ashmyany Distr., Kozlovschina vill. env., 54°12’51.23”N, 25°57’58.10”E, black alder grove with maple, near the river, 08.05.2019, 22 ex.; Smorgon Distr., 54°22’17.36”N, 26°22’43.21”E, black alder grove in stream valley, 08.05.2019, 1 ex.; same location, meadow with cereals, 3 ex.; same location, edge of field with Urtica sp., 7 ex.; Krevo settl., 54°18’32.78”N, 26°16’59.38”E, lawn near the castle, under the stones, 08.05.2019, 1 ex.; Volkovysk Distr., Yubilejny vill., 53°15’45.90”N, 24°34’15.38”E meadow near the pond, 07.05.2019, 1 ex.; 2 km NW of Neverovichi vill., 53°16’42.49”N, 24°32’51.90”E, wasteland, ditch near the chalk quarry, 07.05.2019, 5 ex. Minsk Reg.: Dzerzhinsk Distr., 53°37’53.29”N, 27°03’35.60”E, black alder forest, 04.05.2019, 3 ex.; Kletsk Distr., Gritsevichi vill. env., 52°58’05.05”N, 26°42’41.98”E, meadow in the floodplain of Lan’ River, 09.08.2020, 29 ex.; Krupki Distr., 54°26’31.13”N, 29°18’43.06”E, field, 28.08.2020, 2 ex.; Logoisk Distr., Pleshchenitsy vill. env., 54°24’9.68”N, 27°52’47.10”E, 04.05.2019, 1 ex.; Gorbovshchina vill. env., 54°27’38.70”N, 27°37’18.30”E, black alder forest with Urtica sp., 08.08.2020, 5 ex.; Molodechno Distr., Molodechno env., 54°19’19.02”N, 26°55’27.01”E, meadow in Usha River floodplain, 08.08.2020, 4 ex.; Myadel Distr., bank of Myadel Lake, 54°57’07.02”N, 26°51’23.44”E, black alder forest, 09.05.2019, 14 ex.; bank of Rossokhi Lake, 54°58’17.83”N, 26°52’12.14”E, black alder forest, 09.05.2019, 6 ex. Puhovichi Distr., Pestun vill. env., 53°32’30.80”N, 28°18’19.69”E, meadow in Svisloch’ River floodplain, 12.08.2020, 27 ex.; Slutsk Distr., Chervonaya Storonka vill. env., 53°08’42.28”N, 27°51’35.30”E, black alder forest with Carex, 10.08.2020, 9 ex.; Staryya Darohi Distr., Solon vill. env., 53°02’33.07”N, 28°09’4.97”E, black alder forest with Urtica sp., 11.08.2020, 1 ex.; Stolbtsy Distr., Sula vill. env., 53°35’27.60”N, 26°40’14.09”E, black alder forest, 5 ex.; Minsk, 53°54’49.28”N, 27°36’30.67”E, botanical garden, flower bed, 05.06.2020, 16 ex., tree nursery, 1 ex., compost, 5 ex. Mogilev Reg.: Byalynichy Distr., Rudnya vill. env., 53°56’35.99”N, 29°38’47.80”E, wet meadow with black alder trees in stream valley, 12.08.2020, 8 ex.; Bykhov Distr., Prybor vill. env., 53°28’23.44”N, 30°20’18.06”E, floodplain meadow in Dnieper River valley, 09.05.2014, 1 ex. Glusk Distr., Simonovichi vill. env., 53°04’14.48”N, 28°35’52.84”E, drained black alder forest, 10.08.2020, 6 ex.; Klimavichy Distr., Lozovitsa vill. env., 53°32’24.25”N, 32°04’30.29”E, black alder forest with Filipendula sp. and Urtica sp., 17.05.2020, 4 ex.; Kostsyukovichy Distr., Kolodlivo vill., 53°14’46.61”N, 32°01’24.28”E, meadow in Besed’ River floodplain, 16.05.2020, 1 ex.; Krichev Distr., Krichev env., 53°42’31.54”N, 31°44’51.86”E, meadow in Sozh River flooplain, 17.05.2020, 45 ex.; Nanoskovo vill. env., 53°47’58.78”N, 31°48’57.20”E, bank of Oster River, 17.05.2020, 9 ex.; Osipovichi Distr., Dubrova vill. env., 53°27’43.56”N, 28°37’44.93”E, hornbeam-spruce-oak grove, 10.05.2014, 1 ex.; Lapichi vill. env., 53°24’44.93”N, 28°29’12.70”E, black alder forest in Svisloch River floodplain, 10.08.2020, 2 ex.; Slavgorod Distr., 2 km S of Gaishin vill., 53°19’18.14”N, 31°00’25.19”E, Salix shrubs in Sozh River valley, 28.07.2020, 2 ex.; Shklow Distr., Bolshoj Staryj Shklov vill., 54°12’11.44”N, 30°15’2.79”E, meadow in Serebryanka River valley, 03.08.2020, 2 ex. Vitebsk Reg.: Braslav Distr., Braslav, 55°38’30.89”N, 27°02’26.71”E, lawn, 10.05.2019, 1 ex.; 5 km N of Dubrovka vill., 55°23’39.30”N, 26°56’56.90”E, Bel’mont forest, 28.09.2019, 82 ex.; Ahremovtsy vill., 55°34’53.62”N, 27°06’32.36”E, Bel’mont park, 28.09.2019, 4 ex.; Chashniki Distr., Pochaevichi vill. env., 54°47’49.31”N, 29°08’03.37”E, pasture, 28.08.2020, 6 ex.; Glubokoye Distr., Osinovka vill. env., 55°12’45.72”N, 28°14’35.56”E, grey alder forest, stream valley, Sho Lake env., 09.05.2019, 8 ex.; Dokshitsy Distr., Begoml env., 54°43’53.26”N, 28°07’28.88”E, cultivated meadow, 03.05.2019, 4 ex.; Zamostoch’e vill. env., 54°39’17.60”N, 27°55’56.60”E, spruce forest, in the soil under logs and in decaying wood, 08.08.2020, 1 ex.; Miory Distr., 1.5 km SW of Dolginovo vill., 55°43’48.72”N, 27°46’35.94”E, Volta River valley, mixed coniferous forest, 28.09.2019, 6 ex.; Miory town, 55°37’15.24”N, 27°36’06.84”E, garden, 20.10.2019, 1 ex.; Orsha Distr., Zaslonovka vill., 54°31’03.00”N, 30°17’51.00”E, under the fallen tree, 08.05.2019, 2 ex.; Zabolotye vill., 54°32’24.36”N, 30°16’47.64”E, mixed coniferous forest, 16.08.2019, 6 ex.; Postavy Distr., 55°04’16.82”N, 27°24’03.20”E, grey alder forest, 09.05.2019, 5 ex.; Rossony Distr., Mezhevo vill. env., 55°56’49.13”N, 28°53’24.65”E, black alder forest, 18.08.2020, 21 ex.; Tofeli vill. env., 55°47’52.76”N, 28°53’34.26”E, black alder forest, 18.08.2020, 13 ex.; Senno Distr., Senno env., 54°48’21.06”N, 29°38’50.89”E, field, cereals, 28.08.2020, 1 ex.; Luzhki station env., 54°45’38.56”N, 30°16’20.35”E, Dobrin’ka River vall., black alder forest, 13.06.2020, 24 ex.; Talachyn Distr., Ozertsy vill., 54°25’26.40”N, 29°46’01.92”E, park, 07.10.2019, 3 ex. Verkhnedvinsk Distr., Sar’ya vill., 55°54’38.52”N, 27°53’18.96”E, park, under the bark of fallen trees and in the soil, 29.09.2019, 3 ex.; Vitebsk Distr., Luchesa station env., 55°08’58.67”N, 30°12’45.31”E, mixed coniferous forest, under the fallen tree, 11.11.2019, 1 ex.; Vitebsk, 55°10’37.45”N, 30°10’21.47”E, lawn, 21.11.2019, 7 ex.; Grishany vill., 55°10’55.55”N, 30°07’07.15”E, meadow, 17.08.2020, 1 ex.; Luzhesno vill., 55°15’12.37”N, 30°08’37.13”E, Luzhesnyanka River valley, 18.08.2020, 1 ex., forest, 1 ex.; Shultsevo vill., 55°08’31.66”N, 30°18’33.35”E, garden, 17.08.2020, 1 ex. Note: O. lacteum is known to be represented by populations with different body size (Heethoff et al. 2003). In Belarus, it is represented by three genetic lineages (Shekhovtsov et al. 2014, 2020b). It might be possible that these lineages represent distinct taxa., Published as part of Shekhovtsov, Sergei V., Derzhinsky, Yevgeniy A., Ermolov, Sergei A., Kim-Kashmenskaya, Maria N., Poluboyarova, Tatiana V., Kotsur, Vladimir M. & Golovanova, Elena V., 2023, Earthworms of Belarus (Annelida: Megadrili), pp. 38-61 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 50-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7745192, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1910) Zur Kenntnis der Lumbriciden und ihrer Verbeitung. Yearbook of the Museum of the Emperor Academy of Sciences, 15, 1 - 74.","Malevich, I. I. (1953) Materials on the fauna and ecology of the earthworms of Belorussia. Bulletin of MOIP, Biological Series, 58, 39 - 49.","Perel, T. S. (1979) Range and regularities in the distribution of earthworms of the USSR fauna. Nauka, Moscow, 272 pp.","Maksimova, S. L. & Mukhin, Y. F. (2015) Modern composition of lumbricid fauna and the new species of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) in Belarus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series, 56 - 60.","Shekhovtsov, S. V., Golovanova, E. V. & Peltek, S. E. (2014) Genetic diversity of the earthworm Octolasion tyrtaeum (Lumbricidae, Annelida). Pedobiologia, 57, 245 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pedobi. 2014.09.002","Shekhovtsov, S. V., Ermolov, S. A., Derzhinsky, Y. A., Poluboyarova, T. V., Laricheva, M. S. & Peltek, S. E. (2020 b) Genetic and body size variation in Octolasion tyrtaeum (Lumbricidae, Annelida). Letters to the Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 6, 5 - 9."]}

Octolasion lacteum (Orley, 1881) Lumbricus terrestris var. lacteum Örley, 1881: 584. Allolobophora profuga – Rosa 1884: 47. Octolasium lacteum – Cernosvitov 1932: 534. — Mihailova 1966: 193. — Šapkarev 1978: 72. — Zicsi 1982: 431. DISTRIBUTION. — Cosmopolitan species, European origin. HABITATS. — Poplar plantations, riparian forests, riparian and Alpine grasslands; from sea level to above 1400 m of altitude. MATERIAL COLLECTED. — France • 18 adult specimens, 1 juvenile specimen; Haute-Corse, Castellare-Di-Casinca, Anghione; 42°28’19”N, 9°31’8”E; 7 m a.s.l.; 29.III.2021; T. Decaëns, D. Fernández Marchán leg.; MNHN (BOLD Sample ID: DFM-0342, DFM-0343, DFM- 0344, DFM-0345) • Haute-Corse, Murato; 42°34’12”N, 9°18’21”E; 536 m a.s.l.; 1.IV.2021; T. Decaëns, D. Fernández Marchán leg.; MNHN (BOLD Sample ID: DFM-0396, DFM-0397, DFM- 0398, DFM-0399, DFM-0400) • Corse du Sud, Zicavo, Castellu d’Ornucciu; 41°52’22”N, 9°9’17”E; 1422 m a.s.l.; 3.IV.2021; T. Decaëns, D. Fernández Marchán leg.; MNHN (BOLD Sample ID: DFM-0453) • Corse du Sud, Zonza; 41°44’34”N, 9°11’42”E; 785 m a.s.l.; 4.IV.2021; T. Decaëns, D. Fernández Marchán leg.; Eco & Sols (BOLD Sample ID: DFM-0170, DFM-0171, DFM- 0172, DFM-0173, DFM-0174, DFM-0175, DFM-0176, DFM- 0177, DFM-0239)., Published as part of Marchán, Daniel Fernández, Gérard, Sylvain, Hedde, Mickaël, Rougerie, Rodolphe & Decaëns, Thibaud, 2022, An updated checklist and a DNA barcode library for the earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Oligochaeta) of Corsica, France, pp. 439-461 in Zoosystema 44 (17) on page 453, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a17, http://zenodo.org/record/7145097, {"references":["ORLEY L. 1881. - A Magyarorszagi Oligochaetak faunaja. I. Terricolae. Mathematikai es Termeszettudomanyok Korebol 16: 562 - 611.","ROSA D. 1884. - I lumbricidi dei Piemonte. Unione Tipografi co- Editrice, Torino: 54 p.","CERNOSVITOV L. 1932. - Die Oligochaetenfauna der Karpathen. II. Die Lumbriciden und ihre Verbreitung. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 63: 525 - 546.","MIHAILOVA P. 1966. - Notes on some Lumbricidae species from Bulgaria. Annuaire de Universite de Sofia 60: 129 - 139.","SAPKAREV J. 1978. - Kisne gliste Jugoslavije. Sadasnja taksonomska proucenost i njihova dalja istrazivanja. Biosistematika 4: 293 - 304.","ZICSI A. 1982. - Revised guide to the taxa of the family Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta) described until 1971. Acta Zoologica Hungarica 28: 421 - 454."]}

Octolasion lacteum (��rley, 1881) Lumbricus terrestris var. lacteus ��rley 1881: 584. Octolasion tyrtaeum ��apkarev 1972: 84; ��apkarev 1977: 54; Mr��ić 1991: 347. Octolasion lacteum Csuzdi 2012: 97���99. E. Oak and beech forests, meadows, pastures, cultivated soil (Milutinović et al. 2010; Szederjesi 2013; Stojanović et. al. 2013). D. Ilidza, ��ator (��apkarev 1972); Seljani (Rogatica) (Karaman 1972); Jahorina, Sarajevo, Visoko (��apkarev 1977); Čajniče near Goražde, Zavait (Čelebić), Grmeč (Gorinjski vrh), Igman (Veliko polje), Jahorina, Kamenice near Jajce, Kladanj, Makljen, Mrakovac (Kozara), Donji Birač (Papraća), Prenj, Sapna (Majevica), ��ator, Bjela��nica (��tini Do), Bjela��nica (Vijenac), Vla��ić, Vranica, Vukov near Donji Vakuf, Zelengora (Mr��ić 1991); Velino selo (authors��� data) Z. Peregrine., Published as part of Sekuli��, Jovana, Stojanovi��, Mirjana, Popovi��, Filip & Traki��, Tanja, 2022, Checklist of the earthworm fauna of Bosnia & Herzegovina (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae), pp. 501-518 in Zootaxa 5093 (5) on page 511, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5093.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5964425, {"references":["Orley, L. (1881) A magyarorszagi Oligochaetak faunaja. I. Terricolae. Mathematikai es Termeszettudomanyok Kozlemenyek, 16, 562 - 611.","Sapkarev, J. (1972) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Lumbricidenfauna Jugoslawiens. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 24 (1 - 2), 73 - 86.","Sapkarev, J. (1977) Contribution to the knowledge of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from Slovenia, Yugoslavia. Godisen zbornik PMF, 30, 47 - 56.","Mrsic, N. (1991) Monograph on earthworms (Lumbricidae) of the Balkans I, II. Slovenska Akademija Znanosti in Umetnosti, Razred za Naravoslovne Vede, Opera, Ljubljana, 31, 1 - 757.","Csuzdi, C. (2012) Earthworm species, a searchable database. Opuscula Zoologica Budapest, 43, 97. [http: // earthworm. uw. hu]","Milutinovic, T., Avramovic, A., Pesic, S., Blesic, B., Stojanovic, M. & Bogdanovic, A. M. (2010) Contribution to the knowledge of pedofauna in Sumadija (Central part of Serbia). Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 24 (2), 628 - 635. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13102818.2010.10817911","Szederjesi, T. (2013) New earthworm records from the former Yugoslav countries (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Opuscula Zoologica Budapest, 44 (1), 61 - 76.","Karaman, S. (1972) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Oligochaetenfauna Jugoslawiens. Bioloski vestnik, 20, 95 - 105."]}

Octolasion lacteum (Örley) Material examined: CCSM-E 000038.2 ex. Mazandaran Province, Ghaemshahr - Horticultural Research Center, 11.11.2019. Leg. R. Latif, A. Esmaeilizad; CCSM-E 000061.3 ex. Guilan Province, Rezvanshahr, 29.09.2019. Leg. R. Latif, A. Esmaeilizad; CCSM-E 000079.3 ex. Golestan Province, Seyed Miran village, 19.10.2019. Leg. R. Latif, A. Esmaeilizad., Published as part of Latif, Robabeh, Rejali, Farhad, Aminjan, Atabak Roohi & Esmaeilizad, Ashraf, 2021, New earthworm records from the Caspian Hyrcanian Forests of Iran (Oligochaeta: Megadrili), pp. 433-440 in Zootaxa 5052 (3) on page 437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/5572244

The current study explores the influence of soil organic matter content on abundance and biomass of earthworm communities. The observation was carried out on three type of soils: PellicVertisols (very fine texture), Cromi-Vertic Luvisols (fine texture) and Calcaric Fluvisols (mediumtexture) from the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgaria). The field experiment was provided on uncultivatedplots. In the studied area earthworm fauna comprises of four species: Aporrectodea rosea,Aporrectodea caliginosa, Lumbricus terrestris and Octolasion lacteum. We found peregrine lumbricidtaxa, which are widely distributed in European soils. Our study demonstrated that soil organicmatter has a positive effect on lumbricid populations. It was revealed that augmentation of soilorganic matter favours characteristics of earthworm communities. The soil organic matter contentand earthworm abundance are in strong positive correlation (r > 0.981). The same relationship wasrevealed between the biomass of lumbricid fauna and amount of soil organic matter (r > 0.987). Insum, the soil organic matter could be used as an indicator for earthworm communities inuncultivated soils.

Octolasion lacteum (Örley, 1881) Lumbricus terrestris var. lacteus Örley, 1881: 584. Octоlasium lacteum: Šapkarev 1980: 167; Šapkarev 2001: 111; Stojanović et al. 2008: 60. Octоlasiоn tyrtaeum: Mršić 1991: 347. Octоlasiоn tyrtaeum Oerley, 1881: Csuzdi & Zicsi 2003: 197. Octоlasiоn lacteum lacteum: Stojanović et al. 2008: 60; Milutinović et al. 2015a: 280. Octоlasiоn lacteum: Stojanović & Karaman 2005a: 130; Milutinović et al. 2010: 630; Csuzdi 2012: 97; Szederjesi 2013: 72; Stojanović et al. 2013: 638; Stojanović & Milutinović 2014: 308; Milutinović 2014: 103. E. Oаk аnd bееch fоrеsts, mеаdоws, pаsturеs, cultivаtеd sоil (Milutinоvić et al. 2010; Szеdеrjеsi 2013; Stоjаnоvić et. al. 2013). D. Pаnnоniаn pаrt—Srеmskа Kаmеnicа (Zicsi 1972); Bеlа Crkvа, Hоrgоš, Iriški Vеnаc, Nоvi Sаd, Pаlić, Pаnčеvо, Pеtrоvаrаdin, Sоmbоr, Gаličnik, Srbоbrаn, Srеmskа Kаmеnicа, Srеmski Kаrlоvci, Strаžilоvо, Subоticа, Trnicа (Šаpkаrеv 1978); Vršаčki Brеg, Kаrаvukоvо, Srеmski Kаrlоvci, Fruškа gоrа, Vаljеvаc, Tаmiš, Bаnоvо Pоljе, Skоbаrа, Mаnđеlоs, Rumа, Grgurеvci, Srеmskа Mitrоvicа (Stоjаnоvić & Milutinоvić 2014). Bаlkаn pаrt—Bаnjicа, Milаnоvаc, Kаrаburmа (Šаpkаrеv 1980, 1988); Pirоt, Bujаnоvаc, Vlаsinа, Pоžаrеvаc, Prеdеjаnе, Smеdеrеvskа Pаlаnkа, Sоkо Bаnjа, Surdulicа, Tutin, Vrаnjskа Bаnjа, Zаjеčаr (Šаpkаrеv 1980; Stоjаnоvić 1996); Kоsmаj, Krаgujеvаc, Obrеnоvаc, Avаlа, Udоvicе nеаr Smеdеrеvо, Grоckа, Lаzаrеvаc, Oplеnаc, Arаnđеlоvаc (Šаpkаrеv 1988); Gаurа Rа, Zlаtаr, Dеspоtоvаc, Dvоrištе nеаr Gоlubаc, Kučаj Mts., Cаvе Lаzаrеvа-Zlоtskа pеćinа, Mirоč, Nеgоtin, Šаbаc, Zmаjеvаc (Mršić 1991); Kаznоvićе, Pаvlicа, Bоrоvićе, Krušеvаc, Stоpаnjа, Ribаrskа rеkа, Mrmоš, Krеpоljаnskо-Krupаjskа kоtlinа, Hоmоljе аrеа, Oštrоzub, Vlаsinа, Bistričkа rеkа, Vlаsоtincе, Dеbеli Lug, Mаjdаnpеk, Dоbrinjа, Bаtrаgа, Orаšjе, Stаrа plаninа Mt., Bistricа, Nišаvа, Lеskоvаc, Lаlinаc, Rudnik, Vidоjеvicа, Pаsjаčа, Šumаricе, Lisа Mt., Žаgubicа, Lеpеnicа, Drаčа, Pеtrоvаčkа rеkа, Alеksinаc, Prоkupljе, Tоplicа, Kukаvicа, Suvа plаninа Mt., Bеšnjаjа, Šumаnе, Sjеnicа (Stоjаnоvić 1996); Jаstrеbаc, Kаlеnić, Gоč, Glеdić Mts., Stоlоvi, Dulеni, Bаljkоvаc (Stоjаnоvić 1996; Stоjаnоvić & Kаrаmаn 2005а; Milutinоvić et al. 2010); Jаbučkо Rаvništе, Midžоr, Bаbin Zub, Timоk, Jаvоr, Dоjkinci (Stоjаnоvić et al. 2013); Gаmzigrаd, Đеrdаp Mts., Mаlа Orlоvа (Szеdеrjеsi 2013); Zlаtаr, Tutin, Zlаtibоr, Gоlijа (Stоjаnоvić 1996; Milutinоvić 2014; Milutinоvić et al. 2015а); Kаblаr, Drinа, Tаrа, Divčibаrе, Pоvlеn, Pоžеgа, Uvаc, Pеrućаc, Mitrоvаc (Milutinоvić 2014; Milutinоvić et al. 2015а). Z. Pеrеgrinе spеcis nаtivе in thе Pаlеаrctic., Published as part of Stojanović, Mirjana, Sekulić, Jovana & Trakić, Tanja, 2018, Checklist of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from Serbia: a review, pp. 124-155 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on pages 146-147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1447067, {"references":["Orley, L. (1881) A magyarorszagi Oligochaetak faunaja. I. Terricolae. Mathematikai es Termeszettudomanyok Kozlemenyek, 16, 562 - 611.","Sapkarev, J. (1980) Prilog poznavanju kisnih glista (Lumbricidae) SR Srbije. Zbornik radova faune Srbije, 1, 165 - 179.","Sapkarev, J. (2001) Contribution to the knowledge of the fauna of Annelida from Pelister National Park, the Republic of Macedonia. In: Boskova, T. (Ed.), 75 years of Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Skopje, 2001, pp. 107 - 124.","Stojanovic, M., Milutinovic, T. & Karaman, S. (2008) Earthworm (Lumbricidae) diversity in the Central Balkans: An evaluation of their conservation status. European Journal of Soil Biology, 44, 54 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ejsobi. 2007.09.005","Mrsic, N. (1991) Monograph on earthworms (Lumbricidae) of the Balkans I, II. Slovenska Akademija Znanosti in Umetnosti, Razred za Naravoslovne Vede, Opera, Ljubljana, 31, 1 - 757.","Csuzdi, C. & Zicsi, A. (2003) Earthworms of Hungary (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). In: Csuzdi, C. & Mahunka, S. (Eds.), Pedozoologica Hungarica. Vol. 1. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, pp. 1 - 271.","Milutinovic, T., Milanovic, J. & Stojanovic, M. (2015 a) Application of species richness estimators for the assessment of earthworm diversity. Journal of Natural History, 49 (5 - 8), 273 - 283.","Stojanovic, M. & Karaman, S. (2005 a) Further contribution to the knowledge of the earthworms of Sumadija. Archives of biological sciences, Belgrade, 57, 127 - 133.","Milutinovic, T., Avramovic, A., Pesic, S., Blesic, B., Stojanovic, M. & Bogdanovic, A. M. (2010) Contribution to the knowledge of pedofauna in Sumadija (Central part of Serbia). Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 24 (2), 628 - 635. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13102818.2010.10817911","Szederjesi, T. (2013) New earthworm records from the former Yugoslav countries (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Opuscula Zoologica Budapest, 44 (1), 61 - 76.","Zicsi, A. (1972) Ein neuer Wiederfund von Allolobophora dofleini Ude, 1922. Annales Universitatis Scientarium Budapestiensis de Rolando Eotvos Nominatae, 14, 241 - 245."]}

Octolasion lacteum (Örley, 1881) Lumbricus terrestris var. lacteus Örley, 1881: 584. Octolasion lacteum: Csuzdi et al. 2006: 24. Material examined. HNHM /17073 1 ex., No. 3, Hisarbey, Manisa, SW of the village, old pine forest, N39°05.391' E28°43.816', 1415 m, leg. L. Dányi, M.B. Kaydan, 19.0 4.2015. HNHM /17094 1 ex., No. 42, Şavşat, Artvin, SSE of the village, Abies forest mixed with deciduous trees, N41°13.966' E42°22.294', 1311 m, leg. L. Dányi, M.B. Kaydan, 25.0 4.2015. HNHM /17115 1 ex., No. 4, Hisarbey, Kütahya, W of the village, open deciduous oak forest, N39°08.176' E28°44.269', 693 m, leg. L. Dányi, M.B. Kaydan, 19.0 4.2015., Published as part of Szederjesi, Tímea, Dányi, László, Kaydan, Mehmet Bora & Csuzdi, Csaba, 2018, Contribution to the knowledge of the earthworm fauna of Turkey with description of three new species (Clitellata: Megadrili), pp. 160-172 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/1446737, {"references":["Orley, L. (1881): A magyarorszagi Oligochaetak faunaja. I. Terricolae. Mathematikai es Termeszettudomanyi Kozlemenyek, 16, 562 - 611.","Csuzdi, Cs., Zicsi, A. & Misirlioglu, M. (2006) An annotated checklist of the earthworm fauna of Turkey (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Zootaxa, 1175, 1 - 29."]}

Octolasion lacteum (��rley, 1881) Lumbricus terrestris var. lacteus ��rley, 1881: 584. Octolasium lacteum: Zicsi & Michalis 1881: 256. Michalis 1982: 357. Michalis et al. 1989: 5. Octolasion lacteum: Michalis 1983: 59; 1987: 64. Michalis et al. 1985: 39. Zicsi & Michalis 1993: 305. Widely introduced peregrine species (Csuzdi & Zicsi 2003). Distribution in Greece. Mainland: Vermion (Černosvitov 1938). Ampelos, Konitsa, Megalo Peristeri (Zicsi 1973, 1974). Kastoria (Omodeo 1955). Ammochorion, Laemos, Antarktiko, Agios Germanos, Agios Georgios, Pagonerion, Nea Amissos, Nea Magnesia, Despilio, Akropotamos, Nissi, Aridaea (Michalis 1972). Evzoni, Thessaloniki, Florina (��apkarev 1972). Pagonerion, Kozani (Michalis 1975a). Kastritsa, Korakolithos, Meteora, Asproekklissia, Elasson, Foteina, Nea Dorkas, Iviron, Ano Kleinae, Pagoneri, Kozani (Zicsi & Michalis 1981). Kato Milea, Skoteina, Velvendos (Michalis 1983). Proastio, Flamouria, Agia Foteini, Kerassies, Agios Nikolaos, Militsa, Rhodochori, Naoussa (Michalis et al. 1985). Between Psathades and Didymoteichou, between Iasmos and Komotini, Alexandroupolis (Michalis 1987). Aridea, Mavrovouni, Sevastiana, Limnochori, Edessa, Logos (Michalis et al. 1989). Meteora, Megali Kerassia, Larissa, Konitsa, Voidomatis (Zicsi & Michalis 1993)., Published as part of Szederjesi, T��mea, Vavoulidou, Evangelia, Chalkia, Christina, D��nyi, L��szl�� & Csuzdi, Csaba, 2017, An annotated checklist of earthworms of Greece (Clitellata: Megadrili), pp. 57-82 in Zootaxa 4272 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/583379, {"references":["Orley, L. (1881) A magyarorszagi Oligochaetak faunaja. I. Terricolae. Mathematikai es Termeszettudomanyi Kozlemenyek, 16, 562 - 611.","Michalis, K. (1982) Katalog der Oligochaetenfauna Griechenlands. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica, 9, 343 - 362.","Michalis, K., Fragoulis, A. & Panidis, S. (1989) Notes on the earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) from central west Macedonia. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 32, 3 - 14.","Michalis, K. (1983) New biotopes of the species Allolobophora dofleini (Ude, 1922) and the subspecies Bimastus antiquus bouchei (Zicsi-Michalis, 1981) (Oligochaeta-Lumbricidae). Ecologia Mediterranea, 9, 57 - 61.","Michalis, K., Fragoulis, A. & Panidis, S. (1985) Earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from the montainous mas of Pella province: southwest region, and Imathias province, northwest region: a systematical and ecological study. Ecologia Mediterranea, 11 (4), 37 - 42.","Zicsi, A. & Michalis, K. (1993) Zwei neue Dendrobaena - Arten aus Griechenland (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 39, 301 - 310.","Csuzdi, Cs. & Zicsi, A. (2003) Earthworms of Hungary (Annelida: Oligochaeta; Lumbricidae). In: Csuzdi, Cs. & Mahunka, S. (Eds.), Pedozoologica Hungarica. 1. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, pp. 1 - 271.","Cernosvitov, L. (1938) Zur Kenntnis der Oligochatenfauna des Balkans. VI. Oligochaten aus Griechenland. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 123, 192 - 200.","Zicsi, A. (1973) Regenwurmer (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) aus Griechenland. Opuscula Zoologica Budapest, 12, 99 - 103.","Zicsi, A. (1974) Ein neue Dendrobaena - Art (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) aus Griechenland. Acta zoologica hungarica, 20, 449 - 451.","Omodeo, P. (1955) Lombrichi cavernicoli di Grecia e Turchia raccolti dal Dr. K. Lindberg. Annuario dell'Istituto e Museo di Zoologia della Universita di Napoli, 7, 1 - 16.","Michalis, K. (1972) Symvoli is tin meletin to Oligochaeton tis Makedonias. PhD Dissertation, University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 98 pp.","Sapkarev, J. (1972) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Lumbricidenfauna Griechenlands. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 4, 31 - 36.","Michalis, K. (1975 a) Neue Angaben zur Fauna der Oligochaeten von Mazedonien. Scientific Annals, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Thessaloniki, 15, 201 - 211.","Zicsi, A. & Michalis, K. (1981) Ubersicht der Regenwurm-fauna Griechenlands (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 27, 239 - 264.","Michalis, K. (1987) Contribution to the systematic and ecological study of the earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) of the Western Thrace. Arquivos do Museu Bocage, 1 (5), 59 - 69."]}

The objective of this study was to assess the capability of earthworms from the same ecological group as heavy metal bioindicators. Three earthworm species from the endogeic group were studied: Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny, 1826), Perelia kaznakovi (Michaelsen, 1910) and Octolasion lacteum (Örley, 1885). Their accumulation of the heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were studied from three stations in Tehran province, Iran. O. lacteum was used to compare metal accumulations in two sites located next to a highway. A. caliginosa and P. kaznakovi were used at a third site located near the edge of a sewage system to compare metal accumulations between the two endogeic species in this area. At both locations, the concentrations of Cd and Pb in earthworms were higher than in the surrounding soil. The results of the study revealed that P. kaznakovi and A. caliginosa were better bioindicators for Pb, but O. lacteum was a better bioindicator for Cd. These earthworms can therefore be used as Cd and Pb bioindicators in environmental assessment.

Recent field research shows that the ubiquitous Lumbricus terrestris and Octolasion lacteum (the large parthenogenetic form) have invaded new habitats in Romania, replacing mostly endemic or rare species of the former earthworm communities which were recorded 20–30 years ago. Seven different cases of earthworm invasion are currently described. Invader species have larger ecological tolerances as compared with the endemic species.

Octolasion lacteum (Örley, 1881) (Fig. 3 B) 1881 Lumbricus terrestris var. lacteus + L.terrestris var. rubidus Örley, Math. és Term. Közlemények, 16: 584. 1972 Octolasium lacteum lacteum + O. lacteum gracile: Bouché, Inst. Nat. Rech. Agron., 253, 257. 1991 Octolasion tyrtaeum: Mršić, Acad. Sci. Art. Slov., (Hist. Nat.), 31: 347. 2003 Octolasion lacteum: Csuzdi & Zicsi, Pedozool. Hung., 1: 197. Ecological category. Endogeic. Habitat. No special preferences towards soil type. Zoogeographical distribution type. Peregrine. Distribution in Croatia. One of the most common earthworm species, found all over Croatia in all three regions. Szüts (1919): Lokve, Mrkopalj, Pag, Rečica, Valpovo; Zicsi (1968): Zagreb; Šapkarev (1972, 1979): Zagreb, Batina, Bigina poljana, Beli Manastir, Galovac, Kopačevo, Korenička Kapela, Novska, Osijek, Petlovac, Vinkovci, Zagreb, Zaprešić; Mršić (1984, 1987a, 1988): Bili Brig, Čačinci, Jankovac (Papuk), Karsko (Učka), Smiljan; Jelić (1985): Sakadaško jezero, Podunavlje; Hackenberger: Vojlovica (Papuk), Sokoline (Papuk), Darda, Lapovac, Našice, Osijek, Slavonski Brod, Čakovec, Donji Miholjac, Turkovići, Kneja, Potok Musulinski, Jasenak, Mikleuš, Bijele stijene, Kapela., Published as part of Kutuzović, Davorka Hackenberger & Kutuzović, Branimir Hackenberger, 2013, Checklist of the earthworm fauna of Croatia (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae), pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 3710 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/284655

Octolasion lacteum (��erley, 1881) Lumbricus terrestris var. lacteus ��erley, 1881: 584. Lumbricus terrestris var. rubidus ��erley, 1881: 584. Octolasium lacteum: ��apkarev 1975: 27. Mr��ić 1983: 55. Csuzdi & Zicsi 2003: 197 (for complete synonymy). Octolasion (Octolasion) lacteum: ��apkarev 1978: 295. Octolasium lacteum giganteum: Mr��ić 1983: 56. Octolasion lacteum lacteum: Mr��ić 1990: 73. Karaman & Stojanović 1995: 139. Stojanović & Karaman 2003: 56. Octolasion lacteum gigantheum: Mr��ić 1990: 74. Karaman & Stojanović 1995: 139. Stojanović & Karaman 2003: 58. Ecology. Endogeic species (Zicsi et al. 2011) found in cultivated soils, forests and meadows (Milutinović et al. 2010). Distribution in Montenegro. Northern Montenegro: Žabljak, (Karaman & Stojanović 1995), Crno jezero, Valovito jezero, Modro jezero, Sedlo, Bukovac (Mr��ić 1983, 1990), Barno jezero, Crepuljna poljana, Kanjon Su��ice, Gornja Počivala, Tepca, Aluge, Crna poda (Mr��ić 1990), eastern Prokletije, Čakor, Vuča (��apkarev 1975; Mr��ić 1991), Kola��in, Ribnica, Bi��evo (��apkarev 1975; Mr��ić 1991), Bijelo Polje (��apkarev 1975; Mr��ić 1991, Karaman & Stojanović 1995), Canyon of Lazarova Reka, Biogradska Gora Mt., Bjelasica (Stojanović & Karaman 2003): southern Montenegro, Kotor (Karaman & Stojanović 1995), Gulf of Boka Kotorska (Stojanović & Karaman 2003), Titograd (��apkarev 1975; Mr��ić 1991). Zoogeographical distribution type. Native to the Palearctic, but a widely distributed peregrine species (Csuzdi et al. 2011). Genus Perelia Easton , 1983, Published as part of Stojanovi��, Mirjana & Milutinovi��, Tanja, 2013, Checklist of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from Montenegro: Diversity and biogeographical review, pp. 147-164 in Zootaxa 3710 (2) on page 159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/222299

Octolasion lacteum (��rley, 1881) Lumbricus terrestris var. lacteum ��rley, 1881: 584. Octolasium lacteum: Černosvitov 1932: 534; Mihailova 1966: 193; ��apkarev 1978: 72; Zicsi, 1982: 431. Ecological group: endogeic (Pop & Pop 2004). Habitat: cultivated soils, forests and meadows (Milutinoviċ et al. 2010). Zoogeographical distribution type: peregrine (Csuzdi et al. 2011). Distribution in Bulgaria: This species is spread all over Bulgaria. Rhodopi mountain, Vitosha mountain, Balkan mountain (Černosvitov 1937), Ljulin mountain, Belasitca mountain, Sofia province (Plisko 1963), Thracian valley (Mihailova 1966)., Published as part of Valchovski, Hristo Ivailov, 2012, Checklist of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from Bulgaria ��� a review, pp. 86-102 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 98, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211011, {"references":["Orley, L. (1881) A magyarorszagi Oligochaetak faunaja. I. Terricolae. Mathematikai es Termeszettudomanyok Korebol, 16, 562 - 611.","Cernosvitov, L. (1932) Die Oligochaetenfauna der Karpathen. II. Die Lumbriciden und ihre Verbreitung. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 63, 525 - 546.","Mihailova, P. (1966) Dzdovni cervi Lumbricidae (Oligohaeta) v Trakija. Fauna na Trakja, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, 3, 181 - 200.","Sapkarev, J. (1978) Fauna na Makedonija. IV. Dozdovni glisti-Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida). Fauna Makedonija, 4, 1 - 116.","Pop, V. V. & Pop, A. A. (2004) A comprehensive study of the taxonomy and ecology of the lumbricid earthworm genus Octodrilus from the Carpathians. In: Edwards, C. A. (Ed.), Earthworm Ecology second edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 115 - 141.","Milutinovic, T., Avramovic, A., Pesic, S., Blesic, B., Stojanovic, M. & Bogdanovic, A. M. (2010) Contribution to the knowledge of pedofauna in Sumadija (Central part of Serbia). Second Balkan conference on biology Plovdiv 50 years university of Plovdiv, pp. 628 - 635.","Cernosvitov, L. (1937) Die Oligochaetenfauna Bulgariens. Mitteilungen aus den Koniglich Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia, 10, 62 - 92.","Plisko, G. (1963) Materialien zur Kenntnis der Regenwurmer (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) Bulgariens. Fragmenta Faunisica, Warsawa, 10, 425 - 440."]}

Octolasion lacteum (Örley, 1881) Lumbricus terrestris var. lacteus: Örley 1881: 584; Gates 1972: 118. Octolasion lacteum: Örley 1885: 21; Plisko 1997: 264; 2002: 196; 2010: 301; Horn et al. 2007: 175. Octolasion tyrtaeum: Gates 1972: 125; Ljungström 1972 a: 45. Octolasion lacteum lacteum: Blakemore 2004 a: 109. Type locality: Hungary. Description: External: Body length 40–55 mm, width 3–4 mm. Number of segments 94–101. Prostomium epilobous. Preclitellar cd setae closely paired but postclitellar somewhat distantly paired. First dorsal pore in 10/11. Clitellum saddle-shaped, on 30–35, with distinct start and end. Tubercula pubertatis band-like, on 31–34 and 35. Female pore on 14. Male pores paired on 15, with large tumescens. Internal: Gizzard in 17–18. Intestinal origin in 15. Holandric. Seminal vesicles in 9–12. Spermathecae in 9 and 10. Material examined: 33 cl., 9 juv.: Woodland, small grass with bush near road (29°34.345'S 30°19.377'E), 7.i.2012, 1 cl., NMSA /Olig.06093; Indigenous Bush, big trees, wet soil, dense cover (29°34.151'S 30°19.263'E), 2996 ft, 22.ii.2012, 28 cl., 3 juv., NMSA /Olig.06119; Plantation, wattle & pine (29°33.655'S 30°18.919'E), 3106 ft, 23.ii.2012, 4 cl., 6 juv., NMSA /Olig.06124. Remarks: This species is widely distributed in South Africa, being known in all provinces from more than 200 samplings (NMSAD). Occurs in a wide range of habitats: forests, pastures, cultivated fields, banks of rivers, fallow grounds, gardens, and composting heaps. The small size of the collected specimens suggests parthenogenetical reproduction., Published as part of Nxele, Thembeka C., 2012, The megadrile fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of Queen Elizabeth Park, South Africa: species composition and distribution within different vegetation types, pp. 543 in African Invertebrates 53 (2) on page 554, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0207, http://zenodo.org/record/7918468, {"references":["ORLEY, L. 1881. A magyarorszagi Oligochaetak faunaja. I. Terricolae. Mathematikai es termeszettudomanyi Kozlemenyek 16: 562 - 611.","HORN, J. L., PLISKO, J. D. & HAMER, M. L. 2007. The leaf-litter earthworm fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of forests in Limpopo Province, South Africa: diversity, communities and conservation. African Zoology 42 (2): 172 - 179.","LJUNGSTROM, P. O. 1972 a. Introduced earthworms of South Africa. On their taxonomy, distribution, history of introduction and on the extermination of endemic earthworms. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik 99: 1 - 81."]}

Earthworms have been demonstrated to affect growth conditions of plants in various ways (1). However much of the studies supporting this conclusion have been carried out with crop plants. Informations about earthworm effects on forest trees are very sparse.