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International audience; Recently, has been recognised as the fifth species causing malaria in humans. Hundreds of human cases infected with this originally simian species have been described in Asian countries and increasing numbers are reported in Europe from travellers. The growing impact of tourism and economic development in South and Southeast Asia are expected to subsequently lead to a further increase in cases both among locals and among travellers. is easily misidentified in microscopy as or . We developed new primers for the rapid and specific detection of this species by low-cost real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and added this method to an already existing panel of primers used for the molecular identification of the other four species in one reaction. Reference laboratories should now be able to identify undisputably and rapidly , as it is a potentially fatal pathogen.