Search

To understand the impact of soil properties and land use systems on earthworm diversity in the biodiversity-rich Eastern Ghats Highlands of India, the present study was carried out in six land use systems i.e., moist deciduous forest, dry deciduous forest, fallow land, cropland, compost pit, and, sewage soil. The study area has been divided into 10 × 10 km2 grids and 25% grids were randomly selected for sampling from April to December 2022. A total of 16 species of earthworms under 14 genera and 8 families were recorded, out of which 15 species are new records for the region. The most taxonomically rich family was the Megascolecidae. The most abundant species are endogeic followed by epigeic and anecic. Based on Hill numbers, the highest values of Shannon index (1D = 9.89) and Simpson diversity (2D = 9.14) were found for the fallow land. Earthworm abundance showed a significant difference among six land use systems [F (5,84) = 3.256, p < 0.05] and seasons [F (2,87) = 46.463, p < 0.01]. Furthermore, earthworms showed a significant positive relationship with moisture (r = 0.538, p < 0.01), organic carbon (r = 0.560, p < 0.01), available Nitrogen (r = 0.525, p < 0.01), and clay content (r = 0.535, p < 0.01), whereas negatively correlated with sand content (r = − 0.513, p < 0.01) of soil. Cropland showed high species richness, and fallow land exhibited increased diversity due to elevated moisture, moderate edaphic factors, and proximity to pristine forests. The presence of a high number of native species urges their conservation in this region through land management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how civil society mobilization makes a difference in local government performance in delivering rural healthcare. The study was carried out during 2019–2020 in two tribal-dominated blocks of Odisha state in eastern India. Civil society activism is found to interject more programmatic priorities into local governance of health in Block A than in Block B. Success in Block A is linked to its history of subaltern mobilization, the organizational efforts of a pro-poor political party and a comparatively mobilized civil society. Conversely, failure in Block B is linked to a fractured community, little if any history of civil society mobilization and hegemony of the ruling party which uses local government to advance its own political agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aquatic foods, particularly fish, are essential for addressing malnutrition, especially in vulnerable populations like children and women. In India, traditional aquaculture practices centered around carp species often overlooked the production of nutrient-rich small fish. To address this, nutrition-sensitive aquaculture approaches advocate for integrating species like mola carplet (Amblypharyngodon mola) rich in micronutrients, into existing systems. In Odisha, India, where poverty and food insecurity are prevalent, the government initiated a program to empower women through aquaculture, focusing on nutrition-sensitive carp-mola polyculture in community ponds through Women Self-Help Groups (WSHGs). Methods: This study evaluates the effectiveness of this government program in enhancing income, household nutrition, and women's empowerment. Data from field surveys conducted across all 30 districts of Odisha were analyzed to assess participation, capacity building, adoption of better management practices (BMPs), productivity of carp-mola polyculture, household fish consumption, and profitability. Results and discussion: The study found widespread participation and adoption of BMPs among WSHGs, leading to increased productivity and income. Carp- mola polyculture systems showed higher productivity and consumption rates, contributing to improved nutrition among WSHGs and their communities. Despite challenges such as input costs and limited mola availability, WSHGs reported profitability from fish farming, with carp-mola polyculture systems yielding higher net income. Factors influencing productivity and profitability included water retention period, stocking density, feed application, and training. The program's impact extended beyond economic benefits, encompassing environmental improvement, women's empowerment, and enhanced nutrition outcomes. The study highlights the success of the government program in promoting sustainable aquaculture practices and improving nutrition outcomes in Odisha. Continued support, capacity building, and collaboration among stakeholders are essential for scaling up nutrition-sensitive aquaculture interventions and ensuring long-term sustainability. Strengthening dissemination processes, addressing challenges, and further research on small indigenous fish production techniques are crucial for maximizing the program's impact on food security and rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli causing diarrhea and urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients admitted for treatment in selected health care facilities in Odisha, an eastern Indian State. Methods: A total of 189 rectal swabs from patients with diarrhea and 297 urine samples from patients with UTI were collected from selected health care facilities. E. coli isolates were phenotypically confirmed using MacConkey agar, MacConkey sorbitol agar and blood agar along with biochemical tests. These phenotypically confirmed E. coli isolates were investigated genotypically for known pathogenic E. coli via multiplex PCR. Finally, the pathogenic E. coli was subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test. Results: Culture of 189 rectal swabs and 297 urine samples revealed 46 (24.3%) diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) and 36 (12.1%) uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). PCR analysis of DEC identified 27 (14.3%) enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), 8 (4.2%) enteropathogenic E. coli, 10 (5.3%) enteroaggregative E. coli and 1 (0.5%) Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in diarrhea patients and 5 (1.7%) ETEC, 7 (2.4%) enteroaggregative E. coli, 11 (3.7%) EHEC O157:H7 and 1 (0.3%) EHEC non-O157:H7 in UTI patients. DEC and UPEC exhibited multidrug resistance with a high rate of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics. A high frequency of ETEC causing diarrhea, atypical enteropathogenic E. coli harboring the eae gene was found among children with acute diarrhea, and ETEC (est+) and EHEC O157:H7 were detected in UTI patients along with high antibiotic resistance among DEC and UPEC were important findings. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the prevalence of DEC and UPEC in patients admitted to hospital in Odisha, India, revealing a high rate of antimicrobial resistance.

Odisha has experienced three distinct growth regimes during 1991-2019, namely, 1991-2002, 2003-10 and 2011-19. Odisha outshone the national economy and the 15 other major states in terms of growth rates in Gross State Domestic Product per capita (GSDPPC) and Human Development Index (HDI) during 2003-10. However, during 2011–2019, Odisha witnessed a significant growth slowdown vis-à-vis the national economy but such downslide in GSDPPC and HDI is not significantly different from the major states. The first Naveen Patnaik decade saw an upsurge which was possibly due to good luck rather than good policy, and the second one marked a downslide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stunting, indicating chronic malnutrition in children, remains a pressing concern globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries. India, despite substantial efforts, continues to grapple with high rates of stunting, impacting child development and health outcomes. Understanding the multifaceted factors contributing to stunting is crucial for targeted interventions and policy formulation. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Balipatana, Khordha district, Odisha, India among 400 children. A survey employing structured questionnaires and WHO Anthropometric guidelines for data collection was used. Statistical analyses including Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used to uncover significant associations. Results: The study revealed a stunting prevalence of 28% among children under five, with 7% severe and 21% moderate stunting. Regression analysis revealed key risk factors included low birth weight (1.5–2.5 kg), parental illiteracy, lower household income (Rs. 1000–15000), inadequate toilet facilities, and specific drinking water sources. Conclusion: The findings align with global concerns about stunting, emphasizing the complex interplay of socioeconomic and environmental factors. Interventions targeting parental education, household economic status, and improving sanitation and drinking water facilities are imperative. By addressing these factors, focused efforts can be made to reduce childhood stunting, ensuring a healthier future for the nation’s children.

Background The global prevalence of cancer is rapidly increasing, and patients often require ancillary non-clinical care during treatment. Caregivers, in turn, experience several mental health challenges as they fulfil their responsibilities. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among caregivers of cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar; and explore the psychosocial factors contributing to their mental health. Methods For objective 1, a cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 230 caregivers accompanying cancer patients who attended a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha during February-April 2024. A licensed version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate the levels of anxiety and depression, while the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess stress. For objective 2, ten in-depth interviews were conducted with caregivers, then recorded, transcribed and translated for thematic analysis. Results The prevalence of anxiety, depression and perceived stress among caregivers was found to be 45.2%, 43.4% and 44.8%, respectively. ‘Being the sole caregiver’ was identified as a significant predictor of caregivers’ mental health, affecting levels of depression, stress, and anxiety. Further, qualitative analysis identified factors like social support, financial hardships, emotional toll, personal wellbeing, communication with healthcare provider and transportation as key contributors to caregivers’ mental health decline. Conclusion Caregivers of cancer patients face significant mental health challenges that need focused attention. Integrating informal social networks, counselling services, creating support groups and offering financial assistance into cancer care programs can help address their needs.

Most of Odisha's mineral resources are situated in tribally controlled regions that are impacted by resource extraction operations. Being a mineral‐rich state, Odisha is becoming a popular investment location. The majority of the population is made up of indigenous people who have historically subsisted on the highlands' natural resources. Local people (most of them are tribal) of the Gandhamardan hills region have protested extraction, insisting that their rights to holy religious sites near the mine, traditional methods of subsistence and the environment be protected. The purpose of this article is to look into the impact of mining during the extraction phase in the 1980s, which was a driving element in the emergence of the resistance movement, as well as discuss the future expectations of mining and its effect. The paper is based on primary data that includes direct interview to 366 households. The purposive sampling method has been deployed to collect data from the participants of Gandhamardan movement (1980s). According to the findings, mining has impacted three vital areas, including religious beliefs, the environment and livelihood, prompting the local community to resist mining activities. These three areas were crucial for the emergence of Gandhamardan or BALCO (Bharat Aluminium Company) movement. The environmental component has received widespread support both domestically and worldwide. The State Government should have a clear strategy in place that acknowledges the economic relevance of managing forest resources in a way which improves local people's economic conditions with local economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the entrepreneurial attitude of agriculture students in Odisha, focusing on their readiness to engage in agribusiness activities. The research, conducted with 569 final-year B.Sc. (Agriculture) students across nine colleges, reveals that the majority (68.55%) exhibit a medium level of entrepreneurial attitude, with a mean score of 80.40. Among the various dimensions analyzed, planning orientation and marketing management ranked highest, indicating strong capabilities in these areas, essential for agribusiness success. However, the entrepreneurial mindset scored lowest, highlighting a need for targeted interventions to enhance this critical component. The study also found minimal influence of socio-demographic factors such as family background, type, and size on students' entrepreneurial attitudes, suggesting that personal experiences and education play a more significant role. Gender differences were observed, particularly in the entrepreneurial mindset, emphasizing the need for gender-sensitive educational approaches. The research concludes that while Odisha's agriculture students possess essential entrepreneurial skills, focused efforts are required to strengthen their mindset and risk-taking abilities to fully harness their potential in the agricultural sector. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and educational institutions to tailor entrepreneurship programs more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media has transformed the marketing landscape, providing a platform for businesses to engage with consumers in dynamic and interactive ways. This study examines the influence of social media marketing on consumer buying behaviour, particularly in the durable goods sector in Odisha. It explores how factors such as brand visibility, customer reviews, influencer marketing, and targeted advertisements impact consumer decisions. Using a combination of surveys and interviews, the study collected data from various consumers across various demographic groups. The findings reveal that social media significantly influences brand perception, trust, and purchase intention, especially among younger consumers. Furthermore, platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube have emerged as critical channels where consumers seek product information before making durable goods purchases. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on digital marketing and provides insights for businesses aiming to enhance their social media strategies to attract and retain customers in the durable goods market. In the contemporary digital age, social media has emerged as a significant platform for marketing, influencing consumer choices, especially for durable goods. This study explores the impact of social media marketing on consumer buying behaviour in Odisha, focusing on how various social media channels like Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube shape consumers' purchasing decisions. Data were collected through surveys and interviews with a diverse demographic of consumers across Odisha. "The findings reveal that social media marketing not only enhances brand visibility but also plays a crucial role in trust-building and decision-making processes for durable goods purchases. This study provides insights for marketers aiming to optimiConsumer Behavioure their social media strategies to better engage and influence the modern consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices of mothers with under-five children in rural pockets of the Nayagarh district, Odisha and examine how those practices are associated with the health status of children. A cross-sectional household survey was carried out with 370 participants having under-five children in rural pockets of the Nayagarh district, Odisha. A multistage sampling strategy was adopted. Participants were interviewed using a pre-tested structured schedule. Household information was analysed using descriptive statistics; logistic regression models were used to determine the association between mothers’ handwashing practices and the health status of their under-five children. Nearly 74.9% of the households in the sample earned less than 40,000 Indian rupees ($481) annually. Nearly 73% of mothers threw the childrens' faecal waste into drains and open garbage. Diarrhoea was strongly associated with mothers who did not encourage their children to wash their hands (p = 0.007). The frequency of mothers' handwashing before feeding was associated with childrens' episodes of fever, common cold, and cough (p = 0.045). A set of targeted interventions, such as health education and socio-behavioural changes, is needed to address significant WASH factors associated with the health of under-five children in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stunting, indicating chronic malnutrition in children, remains a pressing concern globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries. India, despite substantial efforts, continues to grapple with high rates of stunting, impacting child development and health outcomes. Understanding the multifaceted factors contributing to stunting is crucial for targeted interventions and policy formulation. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Balipatana, Khordha district, Odisha, India among 400 children. A survey employing structured questionnaires and WHO Anthropometric guidelines for data collection was used. Statistical analyses including Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used to uncover significant associations. Results: The study revealed a stunting prevalence of 28% among children under five, with 7% severe and 21% moderate stunting. Regression analysis revealed key risk factors included low birth weight (1.5-2.5 kg), parental illiteracy, lower household income (Rs. 1000-15000), inadequate toilet facilities, and specific drinking water sources. Conclusion: The findings align with global concerns about stunting, emphasizing the complex interplay of socioeconomic and environmental factors. Interventions targeting parental education, household economic status, and improving sanitation and drinking water facilities are imperative. By addressing these factors, focused efforts can be made to reduce childhood stunting, ensuring a healthier future for the nation's children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has a rich heritage of culture, traditions, and art forms. One such state is Odisha, located on the eastern coast of India, known for its vibrant and diverse cultural traditions. Odisha's tradition of sacred songs is a prominent aspect of its cultural legacy. These sacred songs have been passed down through centuries, blending influences from various sources and indigenous practices. The religious music of Odisha, mainly bhajans or kirtans, showcases the fusion of Hinduism, Buddhism, and indigenous traditions. These devotional songs, with Odia lyrics, have played a significant role in shaping Odisha's religious and creative heritage, seamlessly combining spirituality, music, and literature. These devotional songs have not only held cultural importance but also have had a lasting impact on India's diverse culture. These songs serve as a reflection of the pluralism and inclusivity that is characteristic of India. The devotional music of Odisha encompasses a wide range of forms, including Odīśī music, Bhajans, Odia Abhinaya Geeta, and Maha Mantra Kirtan-s. These forms of devotional music are explored in this study, delving into their poetic, melodic, and instrumentāl elements, as well as their religious and cultural contexts. Furthermore, notable composers and vocalists, such as Jayadeva, Salabega, and Prabhupada Baladeva Rath, have made significant contributions to Odisha's devotional music tradition, and their lives and art are examined in this study. The sacred songs of Odisha hold a significant place in India's vibrant culture, showcasing the fusion of Hinduism, Buddhism, and indigenous traditions. They serve as a bridge between spirituality, music, and literature, forming a unique cultural expression. The research aims to understand the composite culture of India by exploring the tradition of devotional songs in Odisha and evaluating their origins, subjects, musical aspects, and cultural value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical progress has a tremendous potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by reducing energy consumption, a major concern across production units. However, the existing empirical literature concerning technical efficiency and carbon intensity is scanty. Thus, this paper examines the relationship between technical efficiency and carbon intensity for the organized manufacturing sector of two states, Maharashtra and Odisha, and the all-India level from 2001 to 2018. The paper uses data envelopment analysis to estimate technical efficiency scores. It applies the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 1 methodology for estimating carbon intensity for each 3-digit manufacturing industry in all three sample cases. The study has used static panel regression and fractional logit regression techniques to examine the deterministic relationship between technical efficiency and carbon intensity. The result shows that technical efficiency is highly sensitive to carbon intensity in the Indian manufacturing industries. The findings also addressed that the size of the industries also reduces the technical performance of manufacturing units. This paper also confirmed that increased profit could boost the Indian manufacturing industries' technical efficiency. Thus, this study addresses that carbon intensity as a proxy for the manufacturing sector's potential to affect climate change plays a crucial role in explaining the technical efficiency variations across industries. Thus, it calls for better policies aimed at reducing the emissions of industries specifically to achieve sustainable growth for the Indian manufacturing sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a list of references from scientific articles that discuss the analysis and detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains in various regions and populations. The articles cover topics such as the prevalence, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli strains associated with diarrhea and urinary tract infections in countries including Bangladesh, Vietnam, India, Iran, and Mexico. These references are valuable resources for researchers studying the epidemiology and characteristics of diarrheagenic E. coli strains in different settings. [Extracted from the article]

Climate-induced increase in temperature and rainfall variability severely threaten the agricultural sector and food security in the Indian state of Odisha. Climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices, such as crop rotation and integrated soil management, help farmers adapt to climate risk and contribute to a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of CSA practices on yield and income in vulnerable semi-arid districts of Odisha—Balangir, Kendrapara, and Mayurbhanj. We use primary survey data from 494 households collected in 2019–2020, using a multi-stage stratified sampling approach and structured questionnaire. Propensity score matching (PSM) and the two-stage least square method (2SLS) have been used to analyze the impact of CSA on income and productivity. Two instrument variables, namely distance to the extension office and percentage of adopters in a village, are used to control self-selection bias and endogeneity in our model. Both models show a positive and significant impact of the adoption of CSA on farmers’ productivity and income. The study sheds light on the significant contribution of CSA practices in fostering sustainable income growth amid environmental challenges. Overall, our results suggest that small and marginal farmers of Eastern India, a highly environmentally vulnerable area, can significantly improve their income and productivity by adopting CSA technology. Hence, policymakers should scale the adoption of CSA technology through effective extension programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents the success story of adaptive governance in managing compounding disasters. Adaptive governance helps address the challenges of compounding disasters through its approach, which entails flexibility, collaboration, and continuous learning. Odisha, one of the disaster hotspots states in India, has faced the wrath of many disasters, but the devastation caused by Super Cyclone 1999, which killed around 10,000 people, has been the most severe. Since then, the Government of Odisha has set an example to other states and countries to emulate its disaster management model. This article explores the success case of the Government of Odisha in dealing with compounding disasters through its adaptive governance model. The method consists of a desk review of its disaster management policies for the state and on-field discussions with a wide array of stakeholders ranging from government officials, international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), people representatives and communities for understanding measures, processes followed, and governance and its disaster model. The implications of this research will help other developing countries learn and replicate Odisha's success story in dealing with compounding disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objective: Despite numerous advances in dentistry, the frequency of dental caries remains high, especially among children. Therefore, the study's objectives were to assess the prevalence of dental caries in school-aged children between ages 6–14 years, to identify the risk factors associated with dental caries and to explore parents' understanding and awareness of preventing dental caries among children. Method: A mixed method study was conducted in the rural areas of Cuttack and Jagatsinghpur districts in Odisha, India. Children were chosen from schools using a multistage sampling process. Pretested and standardised questionnaires were utilized to collect data from children, while interviews with parents and teachers were employed to collect qualitative data. The DMFT/DEFT index was calculated for children. Data were analysed using frequency, percentage and binary multiple logistic regression analysis. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Result: A total of 419 children, 14 parents, and 12 teachers participated in the study. The findings of the current study reported the prevalence of dental caries in 60 % of children. In addition, age, a high frequency of sugar and chocolate consumption, and poor socioeconomic status were found to be associated with a high risk of dental caries. Furthermore, the results of the thematic analysis indicated parent and teacher awareness and understanding of dental caries; however, it highlights the need for improved oral health practices. Conclusion: These insights from qualitative and quantitative findings can guide the development and improvement of preventive interventions to combat dental caries through implementing oral health programs in schools, thereby fostering better oral health and overall well-being among the younger population.

The research focuses on investigating the spatial and temporal vulnerability to drought in Odisha, India, utilizing the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), Drought Index (DI), and Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI). The historical precipitation data are utilized to identify areas with prolonged rainfall deficits, quantifying the severity and duration of drought conditions. Preliminary analysis includes Normality and Homogeneity tests to ensure the validity of the precipitation datasets. The results depict the use of a non-parametric test for which Mann–Kendall trend test and Sen's Slope test are conducted. The districts exhibiting significant decreasing trends are identified as most critical for drought assessment. The findings from drought indices indicate that most districts have been affected by drought for approximately 50 years, with some districts experiencing severe or extreme conditions for over 10 years. Among the nine districts exhibiting a decreasing trend, four districts demonstrate a significant trend at a 5% significance level. These four districts are experiencing extremely and severely dry conditions, and while they display a significant decreasing trend, they are potentially vulnerable to the adverse impacts of drought conditions in the future. The study will serve in understanding and addressing the vulnerability to drought in Odisha, providing crucial insights for effective mitigation and management strategies. HIGHLIGHTS Using the Normality tests to determine the use of parametric or non-parametric tests.; Using the Homogeneity test to check the consistency of datasets.; Using the Mann–Kendall trend test to detect the pattern of rainfall.; Estimating the magnitude of the trend to check the persistency of rainfall deficit.; Finally, checking the rainfall datasets using drought indices to check the drought vulnerability.;

To examine the driver of groundwater depletion, this paper estimates a dynamic panel regression model using district-level secondary data from 1995 to 2017. Results show that the number of rainwater-harvesting structures, annual average rainfall, forest cover and net sown area improve groundwater levels. Tube well irrigation and rice cultivation can adversely affect groundwater levels. The positive relationship between surface water and improved groundwater level is consistent in all the estimated models. Hence, efficient use and management of surface and groundwater are crucial for the long-term sustainability of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Location or distance from healthcare facilities affects the use of health facilities by households. The use of health facilities also have an impact on the socioeconomic conditions. Distance from healthcare facilities significantly affects catastrophic health expenditures. This study aimed to determine the association of physical distance to healthcare facilities with the economic deprivation of households. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the distance of healthcare facilities from households in different wealth index categories of Odisha. The study argues that the household wealth index is associated with the distance to healthcare facilities. METHODOLOGY: This study is based on six purposively selected districts in Odisha: Rayagada, Kalahandi, Angul, Keonjhar, Khordha, and Kendrapara in India. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted to collect the data. A total of 902 household data points were collected. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: A difference is observed among households that need to travel more than one hour to reach a private doctor or private hospital: 42.6% of poor households face this challenge, whereas only 25% of wealthy households do. Among those who cannot reach a public hospital in less than an hour, a larger proportion are from poor households (62.6%). The poor and wealthy segments of the population have nearly equal access to NGO-run healthcare facilities in terms of proximity. We observe that poor households are less likely than wealthy households to reach private pharmacists in less than an hour and are more likely to require over an hour to reach them. CONCLUSION: Ensuring healthcare facilities is the minimum requirement within one hour of reach for every household in India. Underreporting of illnesses and diseases is one of the major factors of high mortality in the population. Physical accessibil ity to healthcare facilities can reduce the mortality burden on the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread loss of life, economic downturns, and emotional distress; it overwhelmed the public health delivery systems across the globe. Odisha was one of the few states in India that deployed proactive management of human resources in health (HRH) to fight the menace. This paper analyzes key decisions related to HRH during COVID-19. The findings aim to strengthen HRH practices to address future pandemics. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the structures, functions, and processes related to HRH management during the COVID-19, using a qualitative lens. Through purposive sampling, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 key informants, including policymakers and state-level managers. Data were analyzed thematically to reflect upon the perspectives of key stakeholders, identify barriers and enablers, and document the decision-making dynamics. Results: Odisha state strengthened its hospital infrastructure and capacity of health workforce through additional deployment and skill upgradation in a short period. Restriction of movements and strengthening the health system pillars led to considerable success. As COVID-19 cases surged in mid-2020, focus shifted to clinical treatment, active case finding and surveillance. Specific training modules were developed with guidance from the Ministry of Health, WHO, and UNICEF. A whole range of human resources were trained by both online and offline modes. Community-level training programs focused on enforcing COVID-appropriate behavior and management of vulnerable population. Infusion of technology enhanced the system's capacity to deliver high quality training in a short period of time to a vast majority of stakeholders. Conclusion: The Odisha State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA) and the National Health Mission (NHM) played critical roles in enhancing systems' preparedness and institutionalizing such large -scale capacity building initiatives during periods of crisis. The state's approach in terms of scale, skill, and speed of human resources management could be a model for addressing future health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the dynamic agrarian landscape, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) herald a transformative era for agricultural services, providing a realistic and efficient platform essential for adapting to constant change and optimizing agricultural productivity. A study was conducted in the year 2023 to delineate the accessibility of ICTs in two purposively selected districts of Odisha, having the highest numbers of farmers using ICTs i.e. Khurda and Bargarh, constituting randomly selected 200 respondents. The study categorizes accessibility of ICTs among farmers into high (30%), medium (41.5%), and low (28.5%) levels. The significant predictors were ICT accessibility, with educational qualification (b = 0.133, p < 0.01), annual income (b = 0.068, p < 0.01), social participation (b = 0.0341, p < 0.01), and media exposure (b = 0.478, p < 0.01) exhibiting positive regression coefficients. Conversely, age (b = -0.888, p < 0.01) demonstrated a negative association with ICT accessibility. By prioritizing equitable access to resources and tailored interventions, policymakers and development practitioners can contribute to inclusive agricultural development and digital empowerment in Odisha, thereby fostering sustainable growth and resilience in the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the genus Awaous (Oxudercidae), Awaous motla sp. nov., is described based on 18 specimens collected from the Mahanadi River near Sonepur, Subarnapur District, and 3 specimens from the same river near Boudh bridge, Boudh District of Odisha, India. This species is distinct from its congeners by having a combination of characteristics: relatively small eyes, diameter of 6.6–8.4 in head length (LH); robust and long snout, 2.0–2.6 in LH; eye diameter 2.7–4.1 in snout length; cephalic sensory pore system interrupted with eight pores; predorsal scales 13–15; longitudinal scale series 55–58; gill rakers 2 + 1 + (6–7) on the first gill arch; teeth small, conical, and in a single row on the upper jaw and multiserial (2–3) on the lower jaw. This species is also differentiated from some of its congeners in the nucleotide composition of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene by 8.3%–13.8% Kimura two‐parameter (K2P) distance and belongs to a separate cluster in the maximum likelihood tree analysis. This finding is also supported by the species delimitation analysis based on Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning. The new species holds high commercial value in its locality and needs special conservation attention for sustainable utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural tradition of Indian textile craft is diverse and deep. Weaving is a technique for making textiles. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the research was carried out in a hamlet in a notable cluster in the western part of Odisha, India. The study has revealed that weavers in Odisha confront a range of challenges, including poor marketing tactics, administrative failure, a lack of technological competence, inadequate infrastructure, the unavailability of power looms, a lack of government support, etc. The analysis shows that despite the expensive and quality product, most of the weavers are unhappy with the financial gain. The mediator is crucial in marketing. However, when it comes to financial gain, they benefit more than the weavers. Despite the prevalence of several government schemes for supporting the weaver community, not a single weaver from this hamlet has registered as an entrepreneur. The majority of them rely on the meager amount of money earned through weaving as a livelihood option to support their families. Against this backdrop, the paper addresses various livelihood challenges confronted by the weavers in western Odisha. The study recommends some measures and tactics that could support the weaver community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Basic sanitation and waste management have always remained a central issue in India. The country launched its flagship sanitation program -- Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) (Clean India Mission) in 2014 to abolish open defecation and achieve universal sanitation coverage. Objective: This study aimed to examine barriers to toilet use and women's menstrual hygiene practices in relation to the availability of toilets among rural residents. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design and multi-stage sampling method, 120 households were selected from rural villages of the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. Structured questionnaires and direct observation methods were used for data collection. Results: All the houses had SBA latrines, yet 25% population defecated outside. About 40% households reportedly never cleaned their toilets. Most menstruating women (86.2%) preferred to change their menstrual pads/cloths in their bedroom instead of bathrooms. Incomplete construction was reported as the major reason for not using toilets. Large family size and low caste were found to be other predictors of non-use of toilets. Rural women did not use toilets for menstrual purposes as they do not consider these places as clean and safe. Conclusion: This study clearly suggests that constructing toilets without adequate behaviour change interventions would not solve the problem of hygiene and sanitation in India, particularly in rural areas. There must be adequate monitoring of SBA scheme and utilization of funds for toilet usage. Development and implementation of suitable behaviour change strategies for toilet use in rural areas are essential to achieve the goal of open defaecation-free India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development is significantly influenced by the entrepreneurial process. Economic growth is fuelled by entrepreneurial activity; thus, academic institutions are under more pressure than ever to encourage students to think like entrepreneurs. This study tries to focus on analysing how entrepreneurship education is affecting the development of entrepreneurial intent among female students of Odisha. The study analysed the impact of entrepreneurship education in terms of perception of entrepreneurship education, perceived relevance and adequacy of curriculum and perceived competence of the lecturing team on student entrepreneurial intention. Our study showed a positive and significant association between entrepreneurship education and female entrepreneurial intention. It was also evident from the study that entrepreneurship education has a positive significant impact on female entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, it is imperative to reform and revolutionise the educational system for educated youth to stop seeking employment and start creating it instead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores traditional knowledge in four coastal districts of Odisha to understand its nature, role and relevance in negotiating cyclonic storms. It draws from fieldwork carried out in two phases 2007-2009 and 2015-2019 from the district of Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara, Ganjam and Puri. In each of these locations, people have experience of cyclonic phenomena both as major disasters and as relatively smaller scale recurrent occurrences. The study shows that there is an extensive, informal rule based traditional knowledge system that makes use of multiple observational attributes in association with meteorological warning. In this perspective, prevalent traditional knowledge is neither privileged nor static and as a matter of fact is in a continual dialogue with meteorological information provided through India Meteorological Department's (IMD) cyclone warning services. Based on findings of this analysis, a framework is proposed that integrates traditional and meteorological knowledge systems for a more comprehensive understanding of local rural communities' response to cyclones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve the aim of doubling organic agriculture farmers' income, new sources of revenue and improved possibilities must be identified. The online digital market attempts to reduce transaction costs, bridge information gaps, and facilitate market access for organic agriculture farmers and other stakeholders. To improve efficiency in the current system, the government of India (GOI) developed a National Agriculture Market in 2016 by merging all of the country's existing APMCs marketplaces through a shared electronic platform known as e-NAM. The e-NAM is a mandatory delivery-based trading platform that may aid in lowering the cost of intermediation and increasing organic agriculture farmers' price realization by boosting marketing efficiency and introducing transparency to agriculture marketing. The current study was undertaken in E-NAM mandis located in Jajapur district of Odisha to evaluate the efficiency of e-NAM, particularly on farmer involvement and the online pricing value system as a result of e-NAM. Data was obtained from organic agriculture farmers, merchants, and mandi authorities during a field survey, as well as live trading on e-NAM commodities prices. The current study has a broader marketing coverage since it identifies farmer concerns and their perspectives on the overall marketing of various goods and also exposes facts about organic agriculture farmers having difficulties in marketing their output through e-NAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionAquatic foods, particularly fish, are essential for addressing malnutrition, especially in vulnerable populations like children and women. In India, traditional aquaculture practices centered around carp species often overlooked the production of nutrient-rich small fish. To address this, nutrition-sensitive aquaculture approaches advocate for integrating species like mola carplet (Amblypharyngodon mola) rich in micronutrients, into existing systems. In Odisha, India, where poverty and food insecurity are prevalent, the government initiated a program to empower women through aquaculture, focusing on nutrition-sensitive carp-mola polyculture in community ponds through Women Self-Help Groups (WSHGs).MethodsThis study evaluates the effectiveness of this government program in enhancing income, household nutrition, and women’s empowerment. Data from field surveys conducted across all 30 districts of Odisha were analyzed to assess participation, capacity building, adoption of better management practices (BMPs), productivity of carp-mola polyculture, household fish consumption, and profitability.Results and discussionThe study found widespread participation and adoption of BMPs among WSHGs, leading to increased productivity and income. Carp-mola polyculture systems showed higher productivity and consumption rates, contributing to improved nutrition among WSHGs and their communities. Despite challenges such as input costs and limited mola availability, WSHGs reported profitability from fish farming, with carp-mola polyculture systems yielding higher net income. Factors influencing productivity and profitability included water retention period, stocking density, feed application, and training. The program’s impact extended beyond economic benefits, encompassing environmental improvement, women’s empowerment, and enhanced nutrition outcomes.The study highlights the success of the government program in promoting sustainable aquaculture practices and improving nutrition outcomes in Odisha. Continued support, capacity building, and collaboration among stakeholders are essential for scaling up nutrition-sensitive aquaculture interventions and ensuring long-term sustainability. Strengthening dissemination processes, addressing challenges, and further research on small indigenous fish production techniques are crucial for maximizing the program’s impact on food security and rural development.

Abstract Background Menstruation is a major physiological change in a woman’s life, but lack of knowledge, poor practices, socio-cultural barriers, poor access to products and their improper disposal have significant consequences on health, dignity and well-being of women and adolescent girls. Objectives This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices related to menstrual health and hygiene amongst females of 10–49 years of age; explore the experiences and challenges of women during menstruation; and identify the key predictors of healthy menstrual health and hygiene. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, we adopted a mixed methods approach for data collection. For quantitative household survey, a total of 921 respondents were selected from three districts of Odisha. Qualitative findings through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews supplemented the survey findings and helped to identify the barriers affecting good menstrual practices. Epi data version 2.5 and R 4.2.2 was used for data entry and data analysis, respectively. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate proportion, mean and standard deviation; Chi square test was used to measure the association between categorical variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistics analyses were done to identify predictors of healthy menstrual health and hygiene. For qualitative data analysis, thematic analysis approach was adopted using software Atlas.ti 8. Results For 74.3% respondents, mothers were the primary source of information; about 61% respondents were using sanitary pad. The mean age at menarche was 12.9 years and almost 46% of respondents did not receive any information about menstruation before menarche. Lower age and education up to higher secondary level or above had statistically significant associations with the knowledge about menstruation. Age, caste, respondent’s education, mother’s education, sanitation facility, availability of water, accessibility and affordability for sanitary pads were found to be strongly associated with good menstrual hygiene practices. Conclusion Traditional beliefs regarding menstruation still persists at the community level. Educating mothers, increasing awareness about safe menstrual hygiene, providing adequate water and sanitation facilities and ensuring proper disposal of menstruation products need priority attention.

Background: Basic sanitation and waste management have always remained a central issue in India. The country launched its flagship sanitation program – Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) (Clean India Mission) in 2014 to abolish open defecation and achieve universal sanitation coverage. Objective: This study aimed to examine barriers to toilet use and women's menstrual hygiene practices in relation to the availability of toilets among rural residents. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design and multi-stage sampling method, 120 households were selected from rural villages of the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. Structured questionnaires and direct observation methods were used for data collection. Results: All the houses had SBA latrines, yet 25% population defecated outside. About 40% households reportedly never cleaned their toilets. Most menstruating women (86.2%) preferred to change their menstrual pads/cloths in their bedroom instead of bathrooms. Incomplete construction was reported as the major reason for not using toilets. Large family size and low caste were found to be other predictors of non-use of toilets. Rural women did not use toilets for menstrual purposes as they do not consider these places as clean and safe. Conclusion: This study clearly suggests that constructing toilets without adequate behaviour change interventions would not solve the problem of hygiene and sanitation in India, particularly in rural areas. There must be adequate monitoring of SBA scheme and utilization of funds for toilet usage. Development and implementation of suitable behaviour change strategies for toilet use in rural areas are essential to achieve the goal of open defaecation-free India.

Abstract Background Indigenous tribal people experience lower coverage of maternal, newborn and child healthcare (MNCH) services worldwide, including in India. Meanwhile, Indian tribal people comprise a special sub-population who are even more isolated, marginalized and underserved, designated as particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs). However, there is an extreme paucity of evidence on how this most vulnerable sub-population utilizes health services. Therefore, we aimed to estimate MNCH service utilization by all the 13 PVTGs of the eastern Indian state of Odisha and compare that with state and national rates. Methods A total of 1186 eligible mothers who gave birth to a live child in last 5 years, were interviewed using a validated questionnaire. The weighted MNCH service utilization rates were estimated for antenatal care (ANC), intranatal care (INC), postnatal care (PNC) and immunization (for 12–23-month-old children). The same rates were estimated for state (n = 7144) and nationally representative samples (n = 176 843) from National Family Health Survey-5. Results The ANC service utilization among PVTGs were considerably higher than national average except for early pregnancy registration (PVTGs 67% versus national 79.9%), and 5 ANC components (80.8% versus 82.3%). However, their institutional delivery rates (77.9%) were lower than averages for Odisha (93.1%) and India (90.1%). The PNC and immunization rates were substantially higher than the national averages. Furthermore, the main reasons behind greater home delivery in the PVTGs were accessibility issues (29.9%) and cultural barriers (23.1%). Conclusion Ours was the first study of MNCH service utilization by PVTGs of an Indian state. It is very pleasantly surprising to note that the most vulnerable subpopulation of India, the PVTGs, have achieved comparable or often greater utilization rates than the national average, which may be attributable to overall significantly better performance by the Odisha state. However, PVTGs have underperformed in terms of timely pregnancy registration and institutional delivery, which should be urgently addressed.

Background: Menstruation is a major physiological change in a woman's life, but lack of knowledge, poor practices, socio-cultural barriers, poor access to products and their improper disposal have significant consequences on health, dignity and well-being of women and adolescent girls. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices related to menstrual health and hygiene amongst females of 10–49 years of age; explore the experiences and challenges of women during menstruation; and identify the key predictors of healthy menstrual health and hygiene. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we adopted a mixed methods approach for data collection. For quantitative household survey, a total of 921 respondents were selected from three districts of Odisha. Qualitative findings through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews supplemented the survey findings and helped to identify the barriers affecting good menstrual practices. Epi data version 2.5 and R 4.2.2 was used for data entry and data analysis, respectively. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate proportion, mean and standard deviation; Chi square test was used to measure the association between categorical variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistics analyses were done to identify predictors of healthy menstrual health and hygiene. For qualitative data analysis, thematic analysis approach was adopted using software Atlas.ti 8. Results: For 74.3% respondents, mothers were the primary source of information; about 61% respondents were using sanitary pad. The mean age at menarche was 12.9 years and almost 46% of respondents did not receive any information about menstruation before menarche. Lower age and education up to higher secondary level or above had statistically significant associations with the knowledge about menstruation. Age, caste, respondent's education, mother's education, sanitation facility, availability of water, accessibility and affordability for sanitary pads were found to be strongly associated with good menstrual hygiene practices. Conclusion: Traditional beliefs regarding menstruation still persists at the community level. Educating mothers, increasing awareness about safe menstrual hygiene, providing adequate water and sanitation facilities and ensuring proper disposal of menstruation products need priority attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]