270 results on '"Odlare, Monica"'
Search Results
2. Applications of optical sensing and imaging spectroscopy in indoor farming: A systematic review
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Gorji, Reyhaneh, Skvaril, Jan, and Odlare, Monica
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- 2024
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3. Determining Moisture Content of Basil Using Handheld Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
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Gorji, Reyhaneh, primary, Skvaril, Jan, additional, and Odlare, Monica, additional
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- 2024
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4. Life cycle assessment of bio-methane and biogas-based electricity production from organic waste for utilization as a vehicle fuel
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Shinde, Amar Mohan, Dikshit, Anil Kumar, Odlare, Monica, Thorin, Eva, and Schwede, Sebastian
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- 2021
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5. Determining Moisture Content of Basil Using Handheld Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
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Gorji, Reyhaneh, Skvaril, Jan, Odlare, Monica, Gorji, Reyhaneh, Skvaril, Jan, and Odlare, Monica
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Accurate and rapid determination of moisture content is essential in crop production and decision-making for irrigation. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been shown to be a promising method for determining moisture content in various agricultural products, including herbs and vegetables. This study tested the hypothesis that NIR spectroscopy is effective in accurately measuring the moisture content of Genovese basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), with the objective of developing a respective calibration model. Spectral data were obtained from a total of 120 basil leaf samples over a period of six days. These included freshly harvested and detached leaves, as well as those left in ambient air for 1–6 days. Five spectra were taken from each leaf using a handheld NIR spectrophotometer, which covers the first and second overtones of the NIR spectral region: 950–1650 nm. After the spectral acquisition, the leaves were weighed for fresh mass and then put in an oven for 72 h at 80 °C to determine the dry weight and calculate the reference moisture content. The calibration model was developed using multivariate analysis in MATLAB, including preprocessing and regression modeling. The data obtained from 75% of the samples were used for model training and 25% for validation. The final model demonstrates strong performance metrics. The root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) is 2.9908, the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) is 3.2368, and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) reaches 2.4675. The coefficients of determination for calibration (R2C) and cross-validation (R2CV) are consistent, with values of 0.829 and 0.80, respectively. The model’s predictive ability is indicated by a coefficient of determination for prediction (R2P) of 0.86. The range error ratio (RER) stands at 11.045—highlighting its predictive performance. Our investigation, using handheld NIR spectrophotometry, confirms NIR’s usefulness in basil moisture determination. The rapid
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- 2024
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6. Fecal indicator organisms in northern oligotrophic rivers: An explorative study on Escherichia coli prevalence in a mountain region with intense tourism and reindeer herding
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Maes, Sharon, Odlare, Monica, and Jonsson, Anders
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- 2022
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7. From removal to recovery: An evaluation of nitrogen recovery techniques from wastewater
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Beckinghausen, Aubrey, Odlare, Monica, Thorin, Eva, and Schwede, Sebastian
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- 2020
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8. Fast Determination of Fuel Properties in Solid Biofuel Mixtures by Near Infrared Spectroscopy
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Skvaril, Jan, Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, Avelin, Anders, Odlare, Monica, and Dahlquist, Erik
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- 2017
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9. Airborne monitoring of water quality in remote regions
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Maes, Sharon, Odlare, Monica, Jonsson, Anders, Maes, Sharon, Odlare, Monica, and Jonsson, Anders
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) points out alpine regions worldwide as climate change hotspots. Expanding and diversifying summer tourism in northern Scandinavian mountains exerts additional severe pressure to these areas and their oligotrophic and sensitive aquatic ecosystems. Previous research at Mid Sweden University has shown that fecal contamination of mountain rivers, indicated by the enumeration of E. coli, is frequent in areas that are intensively being used for tourism and reindeer herding. According to the IPCC, climate change is projected to reduce raw water quality, posing risks to drinking water quality even with conventional treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improved monitoring of water quality in such areas to be able to protect the ecosystem as well as the rights of indigenous people, human and animal health and to provide support for water management decision. To be able to monitor the water quality is of great importance for the sustainability of mountain regions and water sources in general. The inaccessibility of the watercourses in remote mountain areas makes it difficult to establish sufficient monitoring programs. In this research, the use of airborne monitoring systems to assess water quality in remote regions is investigated. Remote monitoring systems based on e.g. drones and satellites have the potential to replace less climate friendly options making use of terrain vehicles, snow mobiles and helicopters. The drones can be equipped with various sensors or sampling equipment, can overcome long transportations as well as time-consuming and expensive field samplings. Drones have great potential to be employed in everyday practices as an essential part of decision support systems for monitoring, evaluation and remediation of contaminated sites. The goal is to use drones to establish water quality monitoring programs in remote regions such as the mountain areas of Northern Sweden. In this research we intend t, Airborne monitoring of water quality in remote regions (AMORE)
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- 2023
10. Active buildings in smart grids—Exploring the views of the Swedish energy and buildings sectors
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Bulut, Mehmet Börühan, Odlare, Monica, Stigson, Peter, Wallin, Fredrik, and Vassileva, Iana
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- 2016
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11. Buildings in the future energy system – Perspectives of the Swedish energy and buildings sectors on current energy challenges
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Bulut, Mehmet Börühan, Odlare, Monica, Stigson, Peter, Wallin, Fredrik, and Vassileva, Iana
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- 2015
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12. Utilization of Near Infrared (NIR) Spectrometry for Detection of Glass in the Waste-based Fuel
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Skvaril, Jan, Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, Avelin, Anders, Odlare, Monica, and Dahlquist, Erik
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- 2015
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13. Use of Organic Wastes in Agriculture
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Odlare, Monica, Lindmark, Johan, Ericsson, Anders, and Pell, Mikael
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- 2015
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14. Analysis of Influencing Characteristics of Biochars for Ammonium Adsorption
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Shenk, Aubrey, primary, Ivan, Jean-Paul A., additional, Schwede, Sebastian, additional, and Odlare, Monica, additional
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- 2022
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15. Source Tracking of Fecal Contamination in Northern Oligotrophic Rivers
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Maes, Sharon, Odlare, Monica, Jonsson, Anders, Maes, Sharon, Odlare, Monica, and Jonsson, Anders
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The naturally oligotrophic rivers in northern Sweden are generally characterized by a low pollution level. However, an increasing trend in E. coli contamination has been observed in the most upstream catchment area of one of the large rivers of Norhtern Sweden. This change in microbial water quality will have a severe negative impact on the ecosystem, wild animals, visitors, inhabitants as well as indigenous people dependent on the land for their daily income, such as Sami herders. To limit or prevent the discharge of fecal pollution into the river system and also to estimate the danger that this contamination can pose to human health, it is important to know the source of this contamination. Based solely on structured water sampling, it is still very difficult to pinpoint the sources of fecal pollution. Therefore, a combined analysis of eDNA and microbial source tracking of E. coli isolates from river samples was performed to identify the source of fecal pollution in the research area. E. coli isolates were collected from water samples taken along the tributaries Enan and Handölan. Simultaneously, eDNA samples were collected on the same locations. Additionally, fecal and sewage samples were taken to collect E. coli isolates with a known host source being either human, beaver or reindeer. Also, sequences from genomic E. coli DNA originating from human (obtained from NCBI and University of Alberta, School of Public Health) and from beaver (obtained from University of Alberta, School of Public Health) were collected and included in the study. E. coli isolates were used for the amplification of three Intergenic Regions and subsequent analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to identify host-specific genetic markers in the E. coli genome. eDNA samples were subjected to metabarcoding targeting mammal DNA to determine the relative species abundance in the water samples. The E. coli prevalence in the research area varies between <1 and 210 CFU/100mL and is dependent, ECWA-NOR
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- 2022
16. Monitoring Tools For Sustainable Water Management In Mountain Areas
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Maes, Sharon, Jonsson, Anders, Odlare, Monica, Maes, Sharon, Jonsson, Anders, and Odlare, Monica
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The naturally oligotrophic rivers in Northern Sweden are generally characterized by a low pollution level. However, an increasing trend in E. coli contamination has been observed in the most upstream catchment area of one of the large rivers of Norhtern Sweden. This decrease in microbial water quality will have a severe negative impact on the ecosystem, wild animals, visitors, inhabitants as well as indigenous people dependent on the land for their daily income, such as Sami herders. The source area of river Indalsälven is part of a very remote, mountainous region with few roads, which makes it challenging to conduct regular water quality monitoring covering the whole area of ±780km2. The aim is to evaluate and implement monitoring tools that are more environmentally friendly and faster than the currently applied methods which can be implemented as an early warning system for fecal contamination in remote mountain areas. Currently, the presence of fecal contamination in Indalsälven´s catchment area is assessed by strategic river-side water sampling, followed by long transport times and laboratory analysis of fecal indicator organisms such as E. coli. The use of drones for water sampling could significantly increase the accessibility and coverage of the research area. Also, analysis time can drastically decrease by doing field analysis of the water samples, e.g. by performing a field-PCR for the detection and quantification of E. coli. On the other hand, the monitoring of proxies for fecal contamination can also be a promising approach for continuous monitoring and the development of an early warning system. Our previous research has shown that river flow rate and river color are potential parameters for this. Continuous measurement of these parameters at well-chosen locations or remote imaging by drones over the whole research area are proposed to investigate this track., ECWA-NOR
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- 2022
17. Analysis of Influencing Characteristics of Biochars for Ammonium Adsorption
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Beckinghausen, Aubrey, Ivan, Jean-Paul A., Schwede, Sebastian, Odlare, Monica, Beckinghausen, Aubrey, Ivan, Jean-Paul A., Schwede, Sebastian, and Odlare, Monica
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This article summarizes and performs a systematic analysis using experimental results from recent research on ammonium recovery from aqueous sources using biochar. Numerous studies have focused on using different materials to produce biochar adsorbents, and many have attempted to draw conclusions about the physical or chemical characteristics that dominate the adsorption to infer the mechanism. However, to date, there has not been statistical analysis performed on a large set of adsorption data and physical/chemical characteristics of chars to be able to draw conclusions about ammonium adsorption mechanisms. From this analysis, it was found that consistency in experimental methods and characteristic measurement reporting is lacking, and therefore it is difficult to perform metadata analysis and draw conclusions about ammonium adsorption on biochar. Among the important factors influencing ammonia recovery proposed in literature, the meta-analysis only strongly supports the effect of BET surface area and NH4+ concentration, with weaker support for the importance of cation exchange capacity and pyrolysis temperature. This suggests that standard procedures for biochar production, experiments and analysis of physical and chemical characteristics are needed to usefully compare results across different studies. Examples of the present difficulty in identifying trends across studies are shown by comparing clusters in the data identified by the analysis. The ability to make such comparisons would provide clearer direction in how best to further improve the adsorption capacity of biochars.
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- 2022
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18. Analysis of Influencing Characteristics of Biochars for Ammonium Adsorption
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Shenk, Aubrey, Ivan, Jean-Paul A., Schwede, Sebastian, Odlare, Monica, Shenk, Aubrey, Ivan, Jean-Paul A., Schwede, Sebastian, and Odlare, Monica
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This article summarizes and performs a systematic analysis using experimental results from recent research on ammonium recovery from aqueous sources using biochar. Numerous studies have focused on using different materials to produce biochar adsorbents, and many have attempted to draw conclusions about the physical or chemical characteristics that dominate the adsorption to infer the mechanism. However, to date, there has not been statistical analysis performed on a large set of adsorption data and physical/chemical characteristics of chars to be able to draw conclusions about ammonium adsorption mechanisms. From this analysis, it was found that consistency in experimental methods and characteristic measurement reporting is lacking, and therefore it is difficult to perform metadata analysis and draw conclusions about ammonium adsorption on biochar. Among the important factors influencing ammonia recovery proposed in literature, the meta-analysis only strongly supports the effect of BET surface area and NH4+ concentration, with weaker support for the importance of cation exchange capacity and pyrolysis temperature. This suggests that standard procedures for biochar production, experiments and analysis of physical and chemical characteristics are needed to usefully compare results across different studies. Examples of the present difficulty in identifying trends across studies are shown by comparing clusters in the data identified by the analysis. The ability to make such comparisons would provide clearer direction in how best to further improve the adsorption capacity of biochars.
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- 2022
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19. Comparing statistical process control charts for fault detection in wastewater treatment
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Marais, Heidi Lynn, Zaccaria, Valentina, Odlare, Monica, Marais, Heidi Lynn, Zaccaria, Valentina, and Odlare, Monica
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Fault detection is an important part of process supervision, especially in processes where there are strict requirements on the process outputs like in wastewater treatment. Statistical control charts such as Shewhart charts, cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts, and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts are common univariate fault detection methods. These methods have different strengths and weaknesses that are dependent on the characteristics of the fault. To account for this the methods in their base forms were tested with drift and bias sensor faults of different sizes to determine the overall performance of each method. Additionally, the faults were detected using two different sensors in the system to see how the presence of active process control influenced fault detectability. The EWMA method performed best for both fault types, specifically the drift faults, with a low false alarm rate and good detection time in comparison to the other methods. It was shown that decreasing the detection time can effectively reduce excess energy consumption caused by sensor faults. Additionally, it was shown that monitoring a manipulated variable has advantages over monitoring a controlled variable as setpoint tracking hides faults on controlled variables; lower missed detection rates are observed using manipulated variables.
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- 2022
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20. Ecotoxicological assessment and evaluation of a pine bark biosorbent treatment of five landfill leachates
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Ribé, Veronica, Nehrenheim, Emma, Odlare, Monica, Gustavsson, Lillemor, Berglind, Rune, and Forsberg, Åke
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- 2012
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21. Applying the Triad method in a risk assessment of a former surface treatment and metal industry site
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Ribé, Veronica, Aulenius, Elisabet, Nehrenheim, Emma, Martell, Ulrika, and Odlare, Monica
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- 2012
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22. Introducing a demand-based electricity distribution tariff in the residential sector: Demand response and customer perception
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Bartusch, Cajsa, Wallin, Fredrik, Odlare, Monica, Vassileva, Iana, and Wester, Lars
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- 2011
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23. Multivariate analysis models for wood properties combined with Open Modelica model for process performance monitoring
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Skvaril, Jan, Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, Avelin, Anders, Odlare, Monica, and Dahlquist, Erik
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- 2015
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24. Outlining Process Monitoring and Fault Detection in a Wastewater Treatment and Reuse System
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Marais, Heidi L., Nordlander, Eva, Thorin, Eva, Wallin, Christian, Dahlquist, Erik, Odlare, Monica, Marais, Heidi L., Nordlander, Eva, Thorin, Eva, Wallin, Christian, Dahlquist, Erik, and Odlare, Monica
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Process control is an important part of any industrial system. In a wastewater reuse system this remains true. Process monitoring and fault detection (FD) are important to ensure that the control system has access to reliable data which can be used in making decisions about the operation of the process. The reuse scenario being considered in this work is that of utilizing the nutrients from the wastewater as fertilizer to agricultural soil along with using the water for irrigation purposes. This paper identifies variables that are important to the control of the process and should be a focus of monitoring and FD. In wastewater treatment these variables include temperatures, pressures, liquid levels, flow rates, pH, conductivity, biomass content, suspended solids concentration, dissolved oxygen content, total organic carbon, and the concentrations of nitrate and ammonium. The variables of interest in the reuse of nutrients and water for agriculture include soil moisture, ambient conditions, plant height, biomass content, photosynthetic activity of the crop, leaf area and leaf water content, as well as the concentrations of several ions both in the soil and in the plant. Challenges associated with process monitoring and FD specific to the two processes are also discussed, examples of these are the high dimensionality of the problem, the harsh conditions that sensors must operate in and the non-linear relationships between variables. This information will be used in future work when comparing specific FD methods to ensure that methods chosen are capable of overcoming the commonly encountered problems.
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- 2020
25. From removal to recovery : An evaluation of nitrogen recovery techniques from wastewater
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Beckinghausen, A., Odlare, Monica, Thorin, Eva, Schwede, Sebastian, Beckinghausen, A., Odlare, Monica, Thorin, Eva, and Schwede, Sebastian
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Nitrogen recovery is the next step in the improvement of the wastewater treatment process, utilizing this important nutrient for fertilizers to decrease use of energy, petrochemicals, and impact on the environment. The majority of wastewater treatment plants currently employ methods to remove nitrogen which are energy intensive and have no additional benefits besides complying with effluent concentration limits. Instead, recovering nitrogen allows simultaneous treatment of wastewater while collecting a concentrated ammonia product, creating a circular economy solution. This review acts to compile current research regarding nitrogen recovery and compare different techniques' recovery efficiencies and energy requirements. One outcome of this review is that more than one third of the techniques reviewed had little comments around the energy question, and thus more research needs to take place as these recovery systems continue to evolve towards full scale implementation. Additionally, a basic economic analysis was completed to demonstrate potential investment opportunities to implement these technologies. From this investigation, gas permeable membrane technology has the potential to recover ammonia from wastewater using little energy and may provide a small income with the sale of the product. Other techniques such as vacuum membrane distillation with acid absorption need further validation to determine the energy costs, as the amount of heat recycling has a great impact on the overall energy and economic balances. Finally, a discussion of the misalignment of products from recovery techniques and fertilizers in use today highlights the lack of communication and information sharing between the research community and the end users., Export Date: 27 February 2020; Review; CODEN: APEND; Correspondence Address: Thorin, E.; Mälardalen University, Högskoleplan 1, Sweden
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- 2020
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26. Outlining Process Monitoring and Fault Detection in a Wastewater Treatment and Reuse System
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Marais, Heidi L., primary, Nordlander, Eva, additional, Thorin, Eva, additional, Wallin, Christian, additional, Dahlquist, Erik, additional, and Odlare, Monica, additional
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- 2020
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27. Application of single-point and hyperspectral imaging near-infrared sensors and machine learning algorithms for real-time biomass characterization
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Skvaril, Jan, Khalesimoghadam, Seyedpedram, Soibam, Jerol, Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, and Odlare, Monica
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Energy Systems ,Energisystem - Abstract
Biomass is typically a material with highly variable properties making its use in industrial combustion processes challenging due to requirements on the steady operation. Property such as moisture content has an impact on fuel ignition characteristics and heat release from the biomass. Ash content negatively influences fluidization of the boiler bed and after-burning of small fuel particles, by forming an impermeable layer on the surface resulting in incomplete combustion and formation of harmful emissions. The large variability of the properties thus creates undesired process instabilities which need to be addressed in a timely manner by appropriate operational/regulatory measures adjusting e.g. fluidization velocity, distribution of combustion air, under-pressure in the furnace etc. Consequently, there is a need for the implementation of sensors able to measure the properties of interest in real-time. In our previous studies, we demonstrated the ability of a single-point near-infrared sensor to measure fuel properties in real-time in a laboratory environment. However, we found that there is limited representativeness of the single-point measurements as also a cross-sectional variation of the fuel properties on the conveyor belt was apparent. Therefore, the implementation of a sensor able to measure also a spatial distribution of the material in the biomass stream is suggested. Literature review shows that it can be achieved by the implementation of a near-infrared hyperspectral imaging camera. The aim of the work is to present research activities at the Future Energy Center, Mälardalen University leading towards the installation of a) single-point and b) hyperspectral imaging near-infrared sensors for real-time moisture and ash content measurements. The study further presents the concept of NIR sensors integration for process optimization and the introduction of new advanced control concepts for steam boilers.
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- 2019
28. Inhibition of nitrification in municipal wastewater treating photobioreactors: effect on algal growth and nutrient uptake
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Krustok, Ivo, Odlare, Monica, Truu, Jaak, Nehrenheim, Emma, Krustok, Ivo, Odlare, Monica, Truu, Jaak, and Nehrenheim, Emma
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The effect of inhibiting nitrification on algal growth and nutrient uptake was studied in photobioreactors treating municipal wastewater. As previous studies have indicated that algae prefer certain nitrogen species to others, and because nitrifying bacteria are inhibited by microalgae, it is important to shed more light on these interactions. In this study allylthiourea (ATU) was used to inhibit nitrification in wastewater-treating photobioreactors. The nitrification-inhibited reactors were compared to control reactors with no ATU added. Microalgae had higher growth in the inhibited reactors, resulting in a higher chlorophyll a concentration. The species mix also differed, with Chlorella and Scenedesmus being the dominant genera in the control reactors and Cryptomonas and Chlorella dominating in the inhibited reactors. The nitrogen speciation in the reactors after 8 days incubation was also different in the two setups, with N existing mostly as NH4-N in the inhibited reactors and as NO3-N in the control reactors.
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- 2016
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29. Application of FT-IR Spectroscopy for Investigation of Pink Water Remediation by Pine Bark
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Mara, Grube, Olga, Chusova, Marita, Gavare, Karlis, Shvirksts, Nehrenheim, Emma, Odlare, Monica, Mara, Grube, Olga, Chusova, Marita, Gavare, Karlis, Shvirksts, Nehrenheim, Emma, and Odlare, Monica
- Abstract
This study demonstrates the application of FT-IR spectroscopy for investigating the remediation of pink water with the low cost adsorbent pine bark. The removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from pink water by adsorption to pine bark was accompanied by a reduction in intensities of peaks at 1544 and 1347 cm-1 in the spectra of acetonitrile extracts of the pine bark. Hierarchial cluster analysis differentiated samples with high (30-180 mg/L) and low (0-4 mg/L) TNT concentrations, demonstrating the potential of this approach as a quick screening method for the control of the removal of TNT from pink water. The amount of lignin in pine bark was inversely proportional to the size of the pine bark particles, while the concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups increases with increasing size of pine bark particles. FT-IR spectra showed that as well as TNT, pine bark can also adsorb nitramine explosives such as RDX and HMX., BIOEX
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- 2015
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30. Characterization of algal and microbial community growth in a wastewater treating batch photo-bioreactor inoculated with lake water
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Krustok, Ivo, Odlare, Monica, M.A., Shabiimam, Truu, Jaak, Truu, Marika, Ligi, Teele, Nehrenheim, Emma, Krustok, Ivo, Odlare, Monica, M.A., Shabiimam, Truu, Jaak, Truu, Marika, Ligi, Teele, and Nehrenheim, Emma
- Abstract
Microalgae grown in photo-bioreactors can be a valuable source of biomass, especially when combined with wastewater treatment. While most published research has studied pure cultures, the consortia of algae and bacteria from wastewater have more complex community dynamics which affect both the biomass production and pollutant removal. In this paper we investigate the dynamics of algal and bacterial growth in wastewater treating batch photo-bioreactors. The photo-bioreactors were inoculated with water from a nearby lake. Lake water was obtained in August, November and December in order to add native algal species and study the effects of the season. The photo-bioreactors inoculated with lake water obtained in August and November produced more biomass and grew faster than those that only contained the algae from wastewater. The results indicated a rapid decline in bacterial abundance before algae began to multiply in reactors supplemented with lake water in November and December. The reactors were also successful in removing nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater., Additional funding from SVU (12-123), Purac and Mälarenergi, and by grant IUT2-16 of the Ministry of Education and Research of the Republic of Estonia (J. Truu, M. Truu, T. Ligi).
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- 2015
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31. Algae biomass cultivation in nitrogen rich biogas digestate.
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Krustok, Ivo, Diaz, J G, Odlare, Monica, Nehrenheim, Emma, Krustok, Ivo, Diaz, J G, Odlare, Monica, and Nehrenheim, Emma
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Because microalgae are known for quick biomass growth and nutrient uptake, there has been much interest in their use in research on wastewater treatment methods. While many studies have concentrated on the algal treatment of wastewaters with low to medium ammonium concentrations, there are several liquid waste streams with high ammonium concentrations that microalgae could potentially treat. The aim of this paper was to test ammonium tolerance of the indigenous algae community of Lake Malaren and to use this mixed consortia of algae to remove nutrients from biogas digestate. Algae from Lake Malaren were cultivated in Jaworski's Medium containing a range of ammonium concentrations and the resulting algal growth was determined. The algae were able to grow at NH4-N concentrations of up to 200 mg L(-1) after which there was significant inhibition. To test the effectiveness of the lake water algae on the treatment of biogas digestate, different pre-cultivation set-ups and biogas digestate concentrations were tested. It was determined that mixing pre-cultivated suspension algae with 25% of biogas digestate by volume, resulting in an ammonium concentration of around 300 mg L(-1), produced the highest algal growth. The algae were effective in removing 72.8 ± 2.2% of NH4-N and 41.4 ± 41.4% of PO4-P.
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- 2015
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32. Effect of lake water on algal biomass and microbial community structure in municipal wastewater based lab-scale photobioreactors
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Krustok, Ivo, Odlare, Monica, Truu, Marika, Truu, Jaak, Ligi, Teele, Tiirik, Kertu, Nehrenheim, Emma, Krustok, Ivo, Odlare, Monica, Truu, Marika, Truu, Jaak, Ligi, Teele, Tiirik, Kertu, and Nehrenheim, Emma
- Abstract
Photobioreactors are a novel environmental technology that can produce biofuels with the simultaneous removal of nutrients and pollutants from wastewaters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the lake water addition to the production of algal biomass, and phylogenetic and functional structure of the algal and bacterial communities in the lab-scale bioreactors treating municipal wastewater. The lake water addition has significant benefit to the overall algal biomass growth and nutrient reduction in the reactors with wastewater and lake water (ratio 70/30 v/v). The metagenome based survey showed that the most abundant algal phylum in these reactors was Chlorophyta with Scenedesmus being the most prominent genus. The most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes with most dominant families being Sphingobacteriaceae, Cytophagaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Comamonadaceae, Planctomycetaceae, Nocardiaceae and Nostocaceae. These photobioreactors were also effective in reducing the overall amount of pathogens in wastewater compared to reactors with wastewater/tap water mixture. Functional analysis of the photobioreactor metagenomes revealed an increase in relative abundance genes related to photosynthesis, synthesis of vitamins important for auxotrophic algae, and decrease in virulence and nitrogen metabolism subsystems in lake water reactors., Additional funding by SVU (12-123), Puracand Mälarenergi, and the Ministry of Education and Research of the Republic of Estonia (grants IUT2-16 and 3.2.0801.11-0026).
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- 2015
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33. Biotransformation of pink water TNT on the surface of a low-cost adsorbent pine bark
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Chusova, Olga, Nõlvak, H., Odlare, Monica, Truu, J., Truu, M., Oopkaup, K., Nehrenheim, Emma, Chusova, Olga, Nõlvak, H., Odlare, Monica, Truu, J., Truu, M., Oopkaup, K., and Nehrenheim, Emma
- Abstract
This two-week anaerobic batch study evaluated 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) removal efficiency from industrial pink water by (1) adsorption on low-cost adsorbent pine bark, and (2) adsorption coupled with TNT biotransformation by specialised microbial communities. Samples of the supernatant and acetonitrile extracts of pine bark were analysed by HPLC, while the composition of the bacterial community of the experimental batches, inocula and pine bark were profiled by high-throughput sequencing the V6 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Integrated adsorption and biotransformation proved to be the most efficient method for TNT removal from pink water. The type of applied inoculum had a profound effect on TNT removal efficiencies and microbial community structures, which were dominated by phylotypes belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. The analysis of acetonitrile extracts of pine bark supported the hypothesis that the microbial community indigenous to pine bark has the ability to degrade TNT.
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- 2015
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34. Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Rapid Characterization of Feedstock Material in Pulp and Paper Industry
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Skvaril, Jan, Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, Avelin, Anders, Odlare, Monica, Dahlquist, Erik, Skvaril, Jan, Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, Avelin, Anders, Odlare, Monica, and Dahlquist, Erik
- Abstract
Pulp digesters can be continuous or batch reactors with significant residence time which are fed with woodchips and cooking chemicals. They deliver the pulp-fibers that are used in the production of paper, as well as black liquor that is combusted in the chemical recovery boiler. The possibility to measure what is happening inside the digester is limited. The most important quality properties of the feedstock material is content of lignin, which is being dissolved during the process, and related material reactivity. Pulp quality after the process is measured by Kappa number which is a measure of residual lignin in the pulp. One of the biggest challenges in pulp production process is the great variability in feedstock material properties. If the process is not adjusted by well-timed and appropriate operational control measures i.e. control of inlet and outlet flows and setting of the cooking recipe, it will result in the large variations in Kappa number, lower fiber quality or excess use of environmentally harmful cooking chemicals. This becomes particularly important during the swing between softwood and hardwood as part of meeting the final paper product quality requirements. Therefore, a rapid method that is capable of continuous feedstock material characterization is required.Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be used for non-destructive characterization of the feedstock material. In this study, both Fourier transform and grating NIR spectrophotometers were used for NIR absorbance spectra acquisition. Each spectrum was recorded in the range between 700 and 2500 nm. During the calibration of spectra of various wood species with known lignin content, wood samples were placed on a tray so that the tray may move horizontally in a reciprocating manner underneath the sensor while maintaining the constant distance between the sensor and sample. This was done in order to simulate the movement of a real conveyor belt as used for transporting feedstock to the digester. I, SPECTRA
- Published
- 2015
35. Rapid Determination of Selected Compounds in Waste-based Fuel by Near Infrared Spectroscopy
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Skvaril, Jan, Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, Avelin, Anders, Odlare, Monica, Dahlquist, Erik, Skvaril, Jan, Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, Avelin, Anders, Odlare, Monica, and Dahlquist, Erik
- Abstract
Composition of the waste-based fuel intended for incineration has substantial effect on combustion process performance and formation of environmentally harmful emissions. Fuel composition vary significantly depending on the material source, waste sorting and recycling procedures and other waste pretreatment methods. In general, it typically contains paper, plastics, wood, textile, other organic material and further undesired substances including glass and metals. The knowledge of actual composition of the material fed into the boiler is limited to the direct or indirect continuous moisture content measurements and periodic fuel sampling providing elementary composition. This information is not sufficient for process control and performance optimization, particularly when considering strongly heterogeneous fuel feed. Therefore a rapid and reliable technique for fuel characterization is needed.The work presented here is focused to the quantitative determination of selected plastic materials and glass content. Incomplete combustion of different plastics may lead to the formation of carbon monoxide, hydrogen-cyanides, acid compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons etc. If the waste contains chlorine then highly chlorinated polycyclic compounds such as dioxins and furans may be formed. Plastics often contain flame retardants which can also contribute to production of harmful emissions. On the other hand, the highly corrosive deposits of alkali chlorides and other compounds may be formed on the heat exchangers, this lowers the heat transfer and boiler efficiency and decrease life-time of the equipment. Moreover, increased content of glass in the fuel supports the formation of agglomerates in the fuel bed, defluidization of the bed or ash removal problems which result in malfunction or failure of the combustion equipment.Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be used for non-destructive quantitative determination of plastics and glass in waste-based fuel. Experimental work was per
- Published
- 2015
36. Fast Determination of Lignin Content in Feedstock Material for Pulping Process Monitoring and Optimization
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Skvaril, Jan, Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, Avelin, Anders, Odlare, Monica, Dahlquist, Erik, Skvaril, Jan, Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, Avelin, Anders, Odlare, Monica, and Dahlquist, Erik
- Abstract
Pulping process is delivering pulp fibers which are further used in the production of paper. The reactor is fed with feedstock material in the form of wood chips. Moreover, cooking chemicals are brought at several points into the reactor. Previous studies have shown that the knowledge of the feedstock material properties which are highly variable is limited. One of the most important parameters is the lignin content, which has to be dissolved, this requires a significant residence time. The residual lignin in the resulting pulp after the process is measured in the form of Kappa number. Inappropriate application of cooking chemicals could lead to large variations in the Kappa number, low fiber quality and other issues. Therefore continuous characterization of the feedstock material is required. One of the available methods for nondestructive characterization of feedstock material is NIR spectroscopy. Presented study is conducted in order to assess the possibility of determining lignin content using NIR method. The spectroscopy workflow consist of four major steps i.e. sample preparation, spectral data acquisition, data pre-processing and multivariate calibration. We used test samples from 13 different tree species, which were tested in the form of wood chips, pulverized wood and mixture of both. Acquired spectral data were pre-processed mainly by second derivative and standard normal variate transformation. PLS regression with full cross validation was used for the development of a calibration model based on selected wavelengths. Acquisition of reference variable has been done according to standardized procedures and it represents the total amount of lignin in the sample. The results of lignin characterization in feedstock material by NIR are very promising. The resulting PLS regressionmodel includes 2-factors and uses 16 predicting variables, resulting in R2 = 0,975, RMSE = 0,885 wt%. In the next step, presented work will be improved by applying large amount of samp
- Published
- 2015
37. Adsorption of trinitrotoluene (TNT) by pine bark
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Olga, Chusova, Nehrenheim, Emma, Odlare, Monica, Olga, Chusova, Nehrenheim, Emma, and Odlare, Monica
- Published
- 2015
38. CULTIVATION OF INDIGENOUS ALGAE FOR INCREASED BIOGAS PRODUCTION
- Author
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Krustok, Ivo, Nehrenheim, Emma, Odlare, Monica, Liu, Xiaoling, and Li, S
- Subjects
Teknik och teknologier ,Engineering and Technology - Abstract
There is an increased demand for biogas in the society and one way to meet this is to use cultivated microalgae as fermentation substrate. In the present study, a co-digestion experiment was established where municipal food waste was fermented with harvested microalgae cultivated in lake water. The experiment was carried out as a laboratory batch experiment with fermentation bottles, where 0, 12, 25 and 37% of the food waste was replaced with harvested microalgae, respectively. The results showed that the biogas production was generally improved after addition of microalgae. During the first 25 days of fermentation, replacement of 12% food waste with microalgae gave the highest biogas production rate. However, higher proportions of microalgae (25% and 37%) slightly decreased the gas production rate compared to 12% and compared to using food waste alone.
- Published
- 2013
39. Cultivation of microalgae for potential heavy metal reduction in a wastewater treatmet plant
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Krustok, Ivo, Nehrenheim, Emma, and Odlare, Monica
- Subjects
Teknik och teknologier ,Engineering and Technology - Abstract
Sorption capacity of microalgae in 10 different mixtures of wastewater and lake water was evaluated for their ability to reduce heavy metal concentrations in wastewater. Cu, Zn and Ba concentrations were mostly reduced whereas Al and As concentrations actually increased in some samples. Co and Ni concentrations were more reduced in samples with pure wastewater compared to samples with wastewater/lake water mixtures. Hence, a mixture of wastewater and lake water seemed to decrease the metal reduction process in the water. Finally, for Fe and Mn concentrations, there was no significant difference between samples with pure wastewater and wastewater/lake water mixture. In positive cases reduction of heavy metal concentrations in the samples with 50-70% of wastewater worked best. ACWA
- Published
- 2012
40. Treatment of heavily contaminated storm water from an industrial site area by filtration through an adsorbent barrier with pine bark (Pinus Silvestris), polonite and active carbon in a comparison study
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Nehrenheim, Emma, Ribé, Veronica, Carlsson, Peter, Eneroth, Peder, and Odlare, Monica
- Subjects
Miljövetenskap ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
This study aims to evaluate a simple and robust filtration method for separation of of heavy metals from storm water. The storm water, collected at a metals manufacturing site, is heavily contaminated with heavy metals, A first analysis of a water sample collected from the site in mid Sweden showed exceptionally high concentrations of especially Zn, which was present in concentrations exceeding 200 mgL-1. The basic idea is to filter the water as it flows out of the industry area through a passive barrier in the storm water well pipeline. The advantages with using pine bark are many, it is, for instance, a waste material that can be recycled into a new life cycle step and it has been shown to be a promising materia in previous studies l for capturing heavy metal contaminants . Pine bark was in this study compared to two other materials; polonite and the conventional adsorbent active carbon. The forestry by-product pine bark (Pinus silvestris) consists of approximately 85-90 % dried and granulated pine bark and 10-15 % wood fibres. Polonite is a manufactured product originating from the cretaceous rock opoka. A laboratory experiment was set up, where the storm water from the industrial site was filtered through all three filter materials in a pilot-scale model of the proposed installation. The filter cartridge model could be filled with approximately 2.2 L filter material. 3 L of the storm water was poured through the material through natural percolation, approximately 0.35 Lmin-1. Treated and untreated storm water was analyzed for heavy metals, suspended solids, electric conductivity and pH. Active carbon showed the highest level of adsorption, with nearly 100 % of all metals adsorbing to the filter. However, significant concentrations of As was desorbed from the material into the filtered water. Pine bark retained 90 % of the metals, even the Zn which was present in high concentrations. Polonite could only adsorb 70 % of the heavy metals and released Cr from the material.
- Published
- 2011
41. RECIRCULATION OF BIOGAS RESIDUE TO AGRICULTURAL LAND IN NAMIBIA– RISKS AND POTENTIALS IN FULL UTILIZATION OF ORGANIC WASTE
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Nehrenheim, Emma, Klintenberg, Patrik, and Odlare, Monica
- Subjects
Teknik och teknologier ,Engineering and Technology - Abstract
The current situation of waste disposal in Namibia is under developed. The country has a large meat and dairy industry as well as some breweries and wineries and today, none of the organic wastes are reused, recycled or utilized for energy utilization. Little has been done in order to collect and utilize the resources in the organic waste from these industries but there is currently some early stage projects in planning related to biogas production from organic wastes. This study aims at evaluating the potential for some three planned biogas projects in Namibia at early stage, especially regarding the management of the biogas residue. In this processes, a first screening of the potential biogas substrate in the southern part of Namibia (south of Windhoek) was conducted. Moreover, the paper aims to point out the potentials in using organic waste for biogas production and thereafter recycling the nutrient rich residue to the farmland of Namibia. The risks in such utilization will be touched upon, such as the toxic effects of the alkali rich liquid phase or the NO2-emissions. Of which the first can be considered a risk but also a potential if the alkali residue partly can replace the use of pesticide. We conclude that the availability of substrates, i.e. organic wastes, is sufficient for supplying one or several biogas plants to the area. According to our conclusions, fertilization with biogas residue should be promoted in Namibia as an alternative to the current fertilization.
- Published
- 2011
42. Characterization of algal and microbial community growth in a wastewater treating batch photo-bioreactor inoculated with lake water
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Krustok, Ivo, primary, Odlare, Monica, additional, Shabiimam, M.A., additional, Truu, Jaak, additional, Truu, Marika, additional, Ligi, Teele, additional, and Nehrenheim, Emma, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Application of FT-IR Spectroscopy for Investigation of Pink Water Remediation by Pine Bark
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Grube, Mara, primary, Chusova, Olga, additional, Gavare, Marita, additional, Shvirksts, Karlis, additional, Nehrenheim, Emma, additional, and Odlare, Monica, additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Treatment of explosives contaminated water by using pine bark in a batch process : potentials and kinetics
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Nehrenheim, Emma and Odlare, Monica
- Subjects
Teknik och teknologier ,Engineering and Technology - Abstract
Waste water from ammunition disposal can be of high volumes and heavily contaminated with toxic substances such as explosives and heavy metals. In the present paper, a contaminated waste water from a Swedish disposal industry was treated with the organic byproduct pine bark (Pinus Silvestris) as an adsorbent for capture of primarily the very common explosives substance TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluen). Traditionally, TNT is primarily a military explosive, and the source can be leaching from production, disposal or stockpiles of ammunition. TNT is toxic, both acute and chronically, and resistant to natural microbiological degradation why it can cause severe effects to an eco-system. BIOREX CLEAN
- Published
- 2010
45. Forest biomass for bioenergy production – comparison of different forest species
- Author
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Avelin, Anders, Skvaril, Jan, Aulin, Robert, Odlare, Monica, Dahlquist, Erik, Avelin, Anders, Skvaril, Jan, Aulin, Robert, Odlare, Monica, and Dahlquist, Erik
- Abstract
Forest biomass is a renewable and sustainable source of energy that can be used for producing electricity, heat, and biofuels. The production of biomass for energy is considered to be an important step in developing sustainable communities and managing greenhouse gas emissions effectively. Biomass properties vary and are commonly associated with plant species. Hence, efficient methods to predict biofuel characteristics will greatly affect the utilization and management of feedstock production. In this paper attempt was made to correlate various chemical characteristics with NIR spectra. Wood chips from various plant species was analyzed for lignin content, heating value, ash content and NIR and the results were evaluated with correlation, PCA and PCR. Initial evaluation showed promising results where chemical components in the wood correlate to NIR spectra. A selection of results will be presented in this paper. Further analysis as well as results from PCA and PCR models will be presented in the full paper version.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Combined mineral N and organic waste fertilization – effects oncrop growth and soil properties
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Odlare, Monica, Pell, Mikael, Arthurson, Veronica, Abubaker, Jamal, Nehrenheim, Emma, Odlare, Monica, Pell, Mikael, Arthurson, Veronica, Abubaker, Jamal, and Nehrenheim, Emma
- Abstract
An 8-year-long field experiment (1998–2006) was established in Sweden with the aim of evaluating the effects of applying organic wastes in combination with mineral nitrogen (N) to agricultural soil. Sewage sludge (SS), biogas residues (BR) and municipal compost (CO) were applied annually at rates corresponding to 50 kg N/ha and supplementary mineral N fertilizer lso applied at rates corresponding to 50 kg N/ha. The effects were evaluated by analysing crop yield and soil chemical and microbiological properties. The results showed that none of the fertilizers produced significantly higher yield of barley over the 8-year period compared to any other. Biogas residue proved to be particularly beneficial for the substrate-induced respiration (SIR) in soil and increased the proportion of active to dormant micro-organisms. Treatment with SS increased plant-available phosphorus (P-AL) and N mineralization (N-min), whereas CO increased the basal respiration (B-resp). Changes in the microbial community structure were assayed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP); the T-RFLP signatures of the soil bacterial community were largely unaffected by the addition of organic waste. Of the chemical properties assayed, the largest increases were seen in P-AL, where SS produced the highest value. Treatmentswith the organicwastes showed no negative effects other than a slight decrease in B-resp induced by SS and BR. In conclusion, the microbiological activity in the soil responded more rapidly than the changes in the community structure and the chemical properties to changes in the soil environment.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Assessment of mobility and bioavailability of contaminants in MSW incineration ash with aquatic and terrestrial bioassays
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Ribe, Veronica, Nehrenheim, Emma, Odlare, Monica, Ribe, Veronica, Nehrenheim, Emma, and Odlare, Monica
- Abstract
Incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a waste treatment method which can be sustainable in terms of waste volume reduction as well as a source of renewable energy. In the process fly and bottom ash is generated as a waste material. The ash residue may vary greatly in composition depending on the type of waste incinerated and it can contain elevated levels of harmful contaminants such as heavy metals. In this study, the ecotoxicity of a weathered, untreated incineration bottom ash was characterized as defined by the H14 criterion of the EU Waste Framework Directive by means of an elemental analysis, leaching tests followed by a chemical analysis and a combination of aquatic and solid-phase bioassays. The experiments were conducted to assess the mobility and bioavailability of ash contaminants. A combination of aquatic and terrestrial bioassays was used to determine potentially adverse acute effects of exposure to the solid ash and aqueous ash leachates. The results from the study showed that the bottom ash from a municipal waste incineration plant in mid-Sweden contained levels of metals such as Cu, Pb and Zn, which exceeded the Swedish EPA limit values for inert wastes. The chemical analysis of the ash leachates showed high concentrations of particularly Cr. The leachate concentration of Cr exceeded the limit value for L/S 10 leaching for inert wastes. Filtration of leachates prior to analysis may have underestimated the leachability of complex-forming metals such as Cu and Pb. The germination test of solid ash and ash leachates using T. repens showed a higher inhibition of seedling emergence of seeds exposed to the solid ash than the seeds exposed to ash leachates. This indicated a relatively low mobility of toxicants from the solid ash into the leachates, although some metals exceeded the L/S 10 leaching limit values for inert wastes. The Microtox (R) toxicity test showed only a very low toxic response to the ash leachate exposure, while the D. magna immo
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Assessment of the final cover system of a closed landfill in Sweden
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Ribé, Veronica, Fredriksson, Karin, Ljunggren, Isabell, Stenberg, Sara, Odlare, Monica, Nehrenheim, Emma, Ribé, Veronica, Fredriksson, Karin, Ljunggren, Isabell, Stenberg, Sara, Odlare, Monica, and Nehrenheim, Emma
- Published
- 2014
49. Effect of pine bark on the biotransformation of trinitrotoluene and on the bacterial community structure in a batch experiment
- Author
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Chusova, Olga, Nolvak, H., Nehrenheim, Emma, Truu, J., Odlare, Monica, Oopkaup, K., Truu, M., Chusova, Olga, Nolvak, H., Nehrenheim, Emma, Truu, J., Odlare, Monica, Oopkaup, K., and Truu, M.
- Abstract
Pine bark, a low-cost industrial residue, has been suggested as a promising substitute for granular activated carbon in the on-site treatment of water contaminated with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). However, the complex organic structure and indigenous microbial community of pine bark have thus far not been thoroughly described in the context of TNT-contaminated water treatment. This two-week batch study examined the removal efficiency of TNT from water by (1) adsorption on pine bark and (2) simultaneous adsorption on pine bark and biotransformation by specialized TNT-biotransforming microbial inocula. The bacterial community composition of experimental batches, inocula and pine bark, was profiled by Illumina sequencing of the V6 region ofthe 16S rRNA gene. The results revealed that the inocula and experimental batches were dominated by phylotypes belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family and that the tested inocula had good potential for TNT biotransformation. The type of applied inocula had the most profound effect on the TNT-transforming bacterial community structure in the experimental batches. The indigenous microbial community of pine bark harboured phylotypes that also have a potential to degrade TNT. Altogether, the combination of a specialized inoculum and pine bark proved to be the most efficient treatment option for TNT-contaminated water.
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Assessing biogas potential of slaughter waste : Can biogas production solve a serious waste problem at abattoirs?
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Klintenberg, Patrik, Jamieson, M., Kinyaga, V., Odlare, Monica, Klintenberg, Patrik, Jamieson, M., Kinyaga, V., and Odlare, Monica
- Abstract
Management of solid waste and wastewater in Namibia is a growing concern. This study investigated the biogas potential of slaughter waste at a small stock abattoir in southern Namibia. Laboratory experiments with five different mixes of blood; stomach content and manure from sheep were tested. Preliminary findings suggest that the most optimum mixture of slaughter waste was relatively large amounts of stomach and intestine content. The blood proportion should be kept relatively low, since the high nitrogen contents in the blood may inhibit the biogas production. The substrate mixture reflecting the actual ratio of waste generated in the slaughter process resulted in the highest methane production. This suggests that it is possible to produce viable amounts of biogas only using the waste produced at the abattoir, without adding other green substrate. Findings presented here together with results from a larger biogas digester, will be elaborated in the full paper.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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