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5. Dietary astaxanthin supplementation attenuates disuse-induced muscle atrophy and myonuclear apoptosis in the rat soleus muscle

Author

Yoshihara, Toshinori, Yamamoto, Yuki, Shibaguchi, Tsubasa, Miyaji, Nobuyuki, Kakigi, Ryo, Naito, Hisashi, Goto, Katsumasa, Ohmori, Daijiro, Yoshioka, Toshitada, and Sugiura, Takao

Subjects
Roche Diagnostics Corp. Roche Applied Science, Antioxidants -- Health aspects, Dietary supplements -- Health aspects, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid -- Health aspects, Diagnostic reagents industry -- Health aspects, Apoptosis -- Health aspects, Muscles -- Health aspects, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Extended periods of skeletal muscle disuse results in muscle atrophy and weakness. Currently, no therapeutic treatment is available for the prevention of this problem. Nonetheless, growing evidence suggests that prevention of disuse-induced oxidative stress in inactive muscle fibers can delay inactivity-induced muscle wasting. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with the antioxidant astaxanthin would protect against disuse muscle atrophy, in part, by prevention of myonuclear apoptosis. Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into control (CT, n = 9), hindlimb unloading (HU, n = 9), and hindlimb unloading with astaxanthin (HU + AX, n = 9) groups. Following 2 weeks of dietary supplementation, rats in the HU and HU + AX groups were exposed to unloading for 7 days. Seven-day unloading resulted in reduced soleus muscle weight and myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) by ~30 and ~47 %, respectively. Nonetheless, relative muscle weights and CSA of the soleus muscle in the HU + AX group were significantly greater than those of the HU group. Moreover, astaxanthin prevented disuse-induced increase in the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive nuclei. We conclude that astaxanthin supplementation prior to and during hindlimb unloading attenuates soleus muscle atrophy, in part, by suppressing myonuclear apoptosis. Keywords: Antioxidant, Apoptosis, Disuse muscle atrophy, Protein degradation, Author(s): Toshinori Yoshihara[sup.1], Yuki Yamamoto[sup.2], Tsubasa Shibaguchi[sup.3], Nobuyuki Miyaji[sup.4], Ryo Kakigi[sup.5], Hisashi Naito[sup.1], Katsumasa Goto[sup.6], Daijiro Ohmori[sup.7], Toshitada Yoshioka[sup.8] and Takao Sugiura[sup.9] Introduction It is well established that prolonged skeletal [...]

Published
2016
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9. Continuous-wave and pulsed EPR characterization of the [2Fe-2S][(Cys).sub.3][(His).sub.1] cluster in rat mitoNEET

Author

Iwasaki, Toshio, Samoilova, Rimma I., Kounosu, Asako, Ohmori, Daijiro, and Dikanov, Sergei A.

Subjects
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy -- Usage, Iron compounds -- Spectra, Iron compounds -- Structure, Cluster analysis -- Usage, Chemistry
Abstract

Continuous-wave (CW) EPR spectra of reduced [2Fe-2S][(Cys).sub.3][(His).sub.1] clusters of mammalian mitoNEET soluble domain has produced features resulting from the interaction of the electron spins of the two adjacent clusters. The studies have shown that these quantitative data may be used in the future functional and theoretical studies on the mammalian mitoNEET [2Fe-2S] cluster system.

Published
2009

10. Mechanistic study on the reaction of a radical SAM dehydrogenase BtrN by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Author

Yokoyama, Kenichi, Ohmori, Daijiro, Kudo, Fumitakam, and Eguchi, Tadashi

Subjects
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy -- Usage, Methionine -- Chemical properties, Oxidation-reduction reaction -- Analysis, Oxidoreductases -- Chemical properties, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is used for studying the BtrN reaction, where BtrN is a radical SAM (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) enzyme that has catalyzed the oxidation of 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine (DOIA) into 3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inosose (amino-DOI). The changes in the EPR signals upon binding of SAM and DOIA have suggested the close interaction of both substrates with the [4Fe-4S] cluster.

Published
2008

11. Characterization and mechanistic study of a radical SAM dehydrogenase in the biosynthesis of butirosin

Author

Yokoyama, Kenichi, Numakura, Mario, Kudo, Fumitaka, Ohmori, Daijiro, and Eguchi, Tadashi

Subjects
Biosynthesis -- Analysis, Hydroxides -- Chemical properties, Oxidation-reduction reaction -- Analysis, Oxidoreductases -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract

A combination of gene disruption and in vitro enzyme reaction studies is used for showing BtrN as a radical S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) dehydrogenase catalyzing the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine (DOIA). This is the first mechanistic study on the oxidation of a hydroxyl group by a radical SAM enzyme.

Published
2007

12. Identification of variant molecules of Bacillus thermoproteolyticus ferredoxin: Crystal structure reveals bound coenzyme A and an unexpected [3Fe-4S] cluster associated with a canonical [4Fe-4S] ligand motif

Author

Shirakawa, Tadayoshi, Takahashi, Yasuhiro, Wada, Kei, Hirota, Junko, Fukuyama, Keiichi, Takao, Toshifumi, and Ohmori, Daijiro

Subjects
Bacillus (Bacteria) -- Research, Ligands (Biochemistry) -- Structure, Ligands (Biochemistry) -- Observations, Crystals -- Structure, Crystals -- Observations, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

An establishment that V-I and V-II contain the polypeptide of Bacillus thermoproteolyticus ferredoxin (BtFd) associated with acyl carrier protein (ACP) and with coenzyme A (CoA), respectively, and that V-III is a BtFd dimer linked by a disulfide bond is presented. The crystal structure of the BtFd-CoA complex (V-II) determined at 1.6-angstrom resolution reveal that each of the four complexes in the crystallographic asymmetric unit possesses a [3Fe-4S] cluster that is coordinated by Cys(super 11), Cys(super 17), and Cys(super 61).

Published
2005

14. Pronounced conversion of the metal-specific activity of superoxide dismutase from Porphyromonas gingivalis by the mutation of a single amino acid (Gly155Thr) located apart from the active site

Author

Yamakura, Fumiyuki, Sugio, Shigetoshi, Hiraoka, B. Yukihiro, Ohmori, Daijiro, and Yokota, Takehiro

Subjects
Ligand binding (Biochemistry) -- Analysis, Hydrogen bonding -- Influence, Mutation (Biology) -- Influence, Metallic elements, Superoxide dismutase -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Research shows that the Gly155Thr mutant of superoxide dismutase from Porphyromonas gingivalis exhibts changes in the metal specific activity from a cambialistic type to iron-specific type. Data suggest that structural changes due to rearrangemnt of the hydrogen bond network among certain amino acid residues may also cause the metal-specific activity.

Published
2003

15. Preoviposition Activation of Cathepsin-like Proteinases in Degenerating Ovarian Follicles of the Mosquito Culex pipiens pallens

Author

Uchida, Keikichi, Ohmori, Daijiro, Ueno, Takashi, Nishizuka, Masako, Eshita, Yuki, Fukunaga, Akihiro, and Kominami, Eiki

Subjects
Developmental biology -- Research, Insects -- Physiological aspects, Ovaries -- Physiological aspects, Oogenesis -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Within developing ovaries of many insects, some developing follicles or oocytes usually degenerate (follicular atresia or oosorption), while the others may continue to grow to maturity, thus maintaining the balance between the number of eggs and reproductive circumstances such as available nutrients. To help clarify the phenomenon of follicular atresia during ovarian development, we examined cysteine proteinases stored in mosquito Culex pipiens pallens ovaries. First, analysis using synthesized substrates showed that cathepsin B- and L-like proteinases gradually accumulated in the developing ovaries after a blood meal, which required more than 10 min of preincubation under acidic conditions to reach their maximum activities. However, homogenates of degenerating follicles 3 days after feeding showed proteolytic activities without acid treatment, suggesting that the proteinases had already been activated, while the extract of normally developing follicles collected from the same ovaries required more than 10 min of acid preincubation to reach the optimum activities, suggesting that the enzymes remained as inactive forms. Chemical and immunohistochemical analyses showed that more proteinases are located in the cytoplasm, rather than being associated with yolk granules. Ovarian proteinases, which are believed to become activated at the onset of embryogenesis, should also be activated during oogenesis, presumably to enhance oosorption. Key Words: ovary; oocyte; follicle; oogenesis; follicular atresia; oosorption; degeneration; egg proteinase; cathepsins; mosquito.

Published
2001

21. Purification and kinetic characterization of recombinant alternative oxidase from Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Author

Kido, Yasutoshi, primary, Sakamoto, Kimitoshi, additional, Nakamura, Kosuke, additional, Harada, Michiyo, additional, Suzuki, Takashi, additional, Yabu, Yoshisada, additional, Saimoto, Hiroyuki, additional, Yamakura, Fumiyuki, additional, Ohmori, Daijiro, additional, Moore, Anthony, additional, Harada, Shigeharu, additional, and Kita, Kiyoshi, additional

Published
2010
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23. 一般教養教育におけるPBL (Problem-based Learning)

Author

HORIKAWA, YATARO, primary, OHMORI, DAIJIRO, additional, BABA, TAKESHI, additional, UCHIDA, KEIKICHI, additional, WADA, MARI, additional, OKUNO, HIROSHI, additional, HINDER, PHILIP, additional, ASANO, KEIKO, additional, SHISHIDO, MAKOTO, additional, YAMAKURA, FUMIYUKI, additional, NAGANUMA, ATSUSHI, additional, TAKAHASHI, MAO, additional, SASAI, KEISUKE, additional, AOKI, SHIGEKI, additional, KUWATSURU, RYOHEI, additional, KARASAWA, KUMIKO, additional, NAKANISHI, ATSUSHI, additional, OZAWA, SHUICHI, additional, KUROKAWA, CHIE, additional, and TOMINO, YASUHIKO, additional

Published
2010
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26. EFFECT OF LONG-TERM DIETARY ASTAXANTHIN INTAKE ON SARCOPENIA

Author

SHIBAGUCHI, TSUBASA, primary, SUGIURA, TAKAO, additional, FURUMOTO, TSUKASA, additional, INOUE, KOSHIRO, additional, IIDA, YOSHIHARU, additional, ISOYAMA, TOMOMI, additional, NAITO, HISASHI, additional, GOTO, KATSUMASA, additional, OHMORI, DAIJIRO, additional, and YOSHIOKA, TOSHITADA, additional

Published
2008
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48. MmcBC in Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum represents a novel group of prokaryotic fumarases.

Author

Shimoyama, Takefumi, Rajashekhara, Eranna, Ohmori, Daijiro, Kosaka, Tomoyuki, and Watanabe, Kazuya

Subjects
AMINO acid sequence, AMINO acid analysis, ESCHERICHIA coli, ESCHERICHIA, OXYGEN, ELECTRON paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract

The overall amino-acid sequence of MmcBC in Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum was substantially homologous (33%) to fumarase A in Escherichia coli, although its possible subunit structure was different from known fumarases and it lacked the fumarate-lyase signature sequence. Here, MmcBC in E. coli is expressed and characterized. The purified enzyme catalyzed reversible conversion of fumarate tol-malate at an optimum temperature of 70°C. Its molecular size was 64.2 kDa, indicating that it consisted of one MmcB and one MmcC. EPR spectra revealed that it had an oxygen-sensitive [4Fe-4S] cluster. We propose that MmcBC represents a novel group of prokaryotic fumarases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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50. Two Tandemly Arranged Ferredoxin Genes in the Hydrogenobacter thermophilus Genome: Comparative Characterization of the Recombinant [4Fe-4S] Ferredoxins.

Author

Ikeda, Takeshi, Yamamoto, Masahiro, Arai, Hiroyuki, Ohmori, Daijiro, Ishii, Masaharu, and Igarashi, Yasuo

Subjects
ESCHERICHIA coli, ESCHERICHIA, FERREDOXIN-NADP reductase, NAD(P)H dehydrogenases, RECOMBINANT proteins, RECOMBINANT molecules
Abstract

Examines the characterization of the purified recombinant ferredoxins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli indicated that each ferredoxin contains a single cluster. Basis of the nucleotide sequence of a putative ferredoxin gene; Isolation of strictly thermophilic and obligately autotrophic hydrogen bacteria; Structure of iron-sulfur proteins.

Published
2005
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