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Objectives: The present study was to compare the effectiveness of Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol with conventional protocol in total laparoscopic hysterectomy patients. Methods: All the patients were explained about the two types of protocols: Group I. ERAS protocol for laparoscopic hysterectomy and Group II. Conventional protocol for laparoscopic hysterectomy. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups using sealed opaque envelope technique. Prior to surgery, preoperative interviews and physical and gynecological tests were conducted with women who had their eligibility examined. Women in the study group (I) got care in accordance with ERAS procedure, whereas those in the control group (II) received care in accordance with standard practice. Assessment of postoperative complications was done within 1 week of surgery in both the groups. A satisfaction questionnaire of patients and surgeon was taken after the surgery from both the group in a prescribed Performa. Results: All the 100 subjects were randomly selected into two groups. Each group had 50 subjects. Group I: ERAS group (Study group) = 50 and Group II: Control group = 50 patients. Most of the patients 19(38%) were in age group 40 - 50 years in ERAS group. Similarly in control group, most of the women 20(40%) were in age group of 50 - 60 years. The mean BMI of Study group was 26.57 ± 3.453, and Control group was 27.21 ± 3.659 and it was not significant difference (p=0.370. In the ERAS group (study group), the mean preoperative hospital stay was 8.12 ± 3.0 hours. In the control group, mean duration of stay was 29.65 ± 5.39 hours. P-value was found to be less than 0.0001. which was extremely significant. In the ERAS group, most patients had not additional visited to a doctor (98%), and 2 % had additional visits. Similarly, in control group 98% of the patients had not additional visited to doctor, while 2% had additional visits. And 100% of the patients in both the groups (ERAS group and Control group) were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery. In the ERAS group, the surgeon was comfortable with anaesthesia given to patients. Similarly, in control group 94% of the time surgeon was comfortable with anaesthesia given to patients, while 6% were uncomfortable. Conclusions: ERAS protocol is the best choice for the laparoscopic hysterectomy patients in terms of functional recovery, improve postoperative outcomes including postoperative pain, more rapid return of bowel function, early discharge from the hospital, and, reduction in overall health care costs without increasing complications and/or hospital readmission rates. Hence, ERAS protocol is the most effective treatment protocol as compared to Conventional protocol for patients of laparoscopic hysterectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The usual procedure for nasolacrimal duct obstruction is dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Flap‑based DCR techniques lead to better surgical outcome provided flaps do not dislocate in the post‑operative period. Objectives: This study was conducted to compare gelfoam with merocel tamponade for fixation of mucosal flaps in endoscopic DCR. Materials and Method: Merocel tamponade was used for fixation of flaps in 26 patients. Gelfoam was used in 26 patients, and surgical results were compared. Results: The surgical success rate was greater in merocel tamponade fixation with less complications. Conclusion: Merocel tamponade can be used successfully for mucosal flap fixation in endoscopic DCR for better surgical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most significant medications in dentistry are local anesthetics, and intraoral local anesthesia is arguably the most used dental procedure. However, complications have also been reported. Aim: Evaluation of ocular complications in intraoral anesthesia. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study involving 2,400 patients undergoing different dental procedures that were performed under intraoral local anesthesia over a 12‑month period. There was a thorough ocular evaluation of all patients by ophthalmologist before and after the administration of intraoral local anesthesia. Results: There were different types of ocular complications reported including accommodation disturbance, amaurosis, diplopia, enophthalmos, miosis, mydriasis, ophthalmoplegia, and ptosis. The most common ocular complication was diplopia contributing 40.1% of all ocular complications. It was followed by ptosis (16.9%), mydriasis (14.9%), and amaourosis (13.2%). Conclusion: The most common ocular complication in intraoral local anesthesia was diplopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Choosing an appropriate course of treatment for midface fracture can be challenging due to the variable presentations of midfacial fractures and concurrent orbital floor injuries. Objectives: To evaluate complications of midface fracture including the orbital floor. Materials and Methods: It was a cross‑sectional study carried out on 456 patients diagnosed with midface fracture, including the orbital floor, clinically and radiographically. The computed tomography radiograph of each study participant was evaluated. There was a thorough clinical assessment of each study participant. Results: There were complications like laceration (47.3%), hematoma (54.2%), infraorbital nerve paraesthesia (13.05%), Contusio bulbi (13.30%), and diplopia (13.35%). No complications were observed in 8.25% of study participants. The most common complication was laceration. Conclusion: The eyeball, orbit, soft tissues, and surrounding structures should be precisely examined clinically and radiologically in midface fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to evaluate the efficacy of different levels of potassium fertilizer (8 g/plant K2O) as well as the insecticides neemix, spinosad, and imidacloprid at the rates of 6 ml, 0.33 ml, and 0.33 g/L water, respectively, for the management of brinjal fruits and shoot borer. The twofactor randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Significant minimum shoot damage was recorded in the plots treated with imidacloprid (0%), spinosad (1.67%) and neemix (5.0%) at 81 days after planting. Similarly, a significant minimum fruit infestation (2.90%) was recorded with imidacloprid, which was lower than those of spinosad (15.16%) and neemix (19.63%). The application of potassium fertilizer at a rate of 8 g/plant showed a significant reduction in shoot infestation (2.50%) 81 days after planting. The minimum percentage yield of infested fruit was reported with spinosad (1.03%), which was at par with other insecticidal treatments. Considering the negative impacts of chemical pesticides, neemix 6 ml/L water in combination with potassium fertilizer at 8 g/plant is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is a major contributor to maternal and perinatal mortality. It is associated with proteinuria and generalized oedema. When PIH is associated with significant proteinuria (protein in urine > 0.3g/in 24 h) it is termed as a pre-eclamptic condition. When preeclampsia is associated with seizures, it is defined as eclampsia. The Pregnancy induced hypertension is a multi-system disorder that can lead to retinal changes which correlate with progression of PIH and foetal mortality, due to similar vascular ischemic changes in the placenta. Material and Methods: Being a cross sectional study the main aim was to determine the prevalence of retinal changes in patients of pregnancy induced hypertension observed in the hilly terrain of Garhwal belt. It was further aimed to correlate retinal changes, disease severity and stage of hypertension. A total 75 antenatal cases detected with PIH and referred for fundus evaluation at a tertiary hospital of Garhwal region were included. Age, gestation period, gravid status, extent of proteinuria and blood pressure were noted from the case records. Detailed ocular history and ocular examination with direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed to assess the level of retinopathy. Statistical analysis of the observations were done employing Fisher's exact test on a SPSS software. Results: Of the 75 patients evaluated, gestation period ranged from 28 to 40 weeks. 48 (64%) of examined subjects showed retinal changes. The distribution of severity, revealed, 32% with Grade I, 24% Grade II, 6% Grade III and 2 % as Grade IV. 71% patients had mild preeclampsia, 23.8% had severe preeclampsia and 5.2% had frank eclampsia. Statistically significant positive correlation was noted for Retinal changes with blood pressure, and severity of PIH. Conclusion: Retinopathy in PIH is an important cause of ocular morbidity in the pregnant women of the hilly district of Garhwal. Not only does it correlate with severity of blood pressure, it provides a useful tool of monitoring to the clinicians to predict the foetal outcome and ocular morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iridocorneal Endothelial syndrome (ICE) is a rare ocular disorder characterized by abnormal endothelization of angle structure and iris producing characteristic manifestations including secondary angle closure glaucoma. We describe the clinical course of three patients with secondary glaucoma due to ICE syndrome who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C. At last follow-up, all patients had controlled IOP (<18 mm Hg) off drug. Early postoperative period was accompanied by shallowing of anterior chamber, diffuse vascularisation of bleb, frequent episodes of high IOP which were managed successfully. Trabeculectomy with MMC offers a good treatment choice for the management of secondary glaucoma associated with ICE syndrome.