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A total of one hundred and ninety- two Cobb 500 day -old broiler chicks were randomly distributed to four experimental diets: control diet (0.00 % dried Citrus sinensis peel (DCSP)), diet B (2.50 % DCSP), diet C (5.00 % DCSP), and diet D (7.50 % DCSP). The birds were fed ad libitum throughout the experiment which lasted for 8 weeks. The inclusion of DCSP (2.50 - 7.50 %) as a replacement for wheat offal in the diet of broiler chickens did not have any significant effect (P > 0.05 %) on the feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), final weight (FWT), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at the starter phase. However, at the finisher phase and overall period of the experiment, DCSP inclusion into the broiler diet reduced (P < 0.05%) the BWG, FWT, and FCR of the birds at a 7.50 % inclusion level. As the inclusion of DCSP in the diet increased, the growth response criteria (BWG, FWT, FCR) were affected negatively in a progressive trend at a 7.50 % level except for feed intake. Internal organs such as the heart, lung, gizzard, and proventriculus were unaffected (P > 0.05 %) by the varied levels of DCSP inclusions. DCSP inclusion at 2.50 % and 7.50 % levels had a similar impact on the weight of the liver as the control except for birds on diet C whose organ weights were unusually high. There was a gradual reduction in the weight of the pancreas as the dietary inclusion of DCSP increased. However, the dietary DCSP caused an increase in the weight of the spleen which is an indication of immune immune-boosting property of the peel. Judging from the comparable body weight gain and FCR between the control diet and birds fed with diets B and C, dietary inclusion of DCSP could be used up to 5.00 % in broilers diets without any deleterious effects on growth and carcass parameters of broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

We aim to evaluate the effect of Moringa leaf (ML) and seed (MS) inclusive diets on critical biomarkers [acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO), angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE), adenosine deiminase (ADA) and arginase activities, and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) level] associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) in the penile tissue of diabetic male rats treated with/without Acarbose (ACA). About 60 mg/kg BW streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats were fed with ML and MS inclusive diets and cotreated with ACA for 14 days. The result indicated that AChE, MAO, ADA, ACE, and arginase activities, as well as TBARS level were (p <.05) restored in the diabetic rats fed with ML/MS inclusive diets treated with/without ACA compared to the untreated diabetic rats. In conclusion, the combination therapy of ML/MS inclusive diets plus ACA could be explored toward the management of diabetic‐induced ED. Practical applications: We discovered in this study, treatments of diabetic rats with ACA and co‐fed with 2% and 4% of Moringa leaf and seed inclusive diets for 14 days, could be of great benefit toward the management of ED caused by diabetes, as evidenced by the expression of some ED‐related biomarkers in the penile tissue of diabetes male rats, compared to that of ACA treated alone. Thus, it seems reasonable to explore the effect of food–drug interaction on the large‐scale clinical trial to manage diabetes complications, such as the potential effect of Moringa leaf and seed inclusive diets co‐administered with ACA for the holistic management of diabetes‐induced erectile dysfunction (ED). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...