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This study explored the use of animation in the classroom by investigating whether or not students taught with animation will achieve better than recorded teaching. This study adopted non-equivalent control group, quasi experimental design. Eighty (80) Junior Secondary School 2 students (40 males, 40 females) from two co-educational private junior secondary schools in Bwari Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory (in Nigeria) were involved. Gender of the students and availability of functional computers determined the choice of schools hence purposive sampling was used to select six schools that have functional computer laboratories out of which two schools were randomly sampled using simple balloting with replacement. The purposive sampling means the sampling that adequately addresses the purpose of research which means in this case means schools with boys and girls and having functional computer systems. Two instruments were used for this study, namely Algebra Achievement Test (AAT) and Interest Inventory (MII). The findings showed that teaching algebra with animation can enhance achievement and interest of students in algebra. Gender had no significant influence on the performance of students exposed to animation. The implication of these findings is that teachers now have alternative strategy to teach a concept in junior secondary school. Based on the findings, it was recommended that workshops, seminars and conferences should be organized for teachers to implement the findings of this study in the classroom.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in confined spaces like bank vaults and basements is influenced by complex factors such as building layout and HVAC systems. This study examines how mechanical ventilation impacts IAQ in a bank building's occupied basement vault, addressing significant challenges posed by pollutant exposure in these air-tight environments. This study advances safe IAQ in confined spaces, crucial for occupant health and safety, using CFD (ANSYS Fluent Workbench 16.0) and CONTAM 3.2 software for multi-zone ventilation and air quality analysis. It analysed three indoor pollutants: Radon (Rn), Carbon dioxide (CO2), and Particulate Matter (PM2.5), enhancing the reliability and applicability of the findings. The findings indicated that the simulated indoor pollutants concentrations did not exceed the indoor air quality guideline levels. The CFD simulations predicted average steady-state values of 27.2 Bq/m3 for Radon, 574.80 ppm for CO2, and 69.36 µg/m3 for PM2.5 in the basement. For different outdoor air floor rates, an optimal ventilation rate of 4.7 ACH and a cooling load of 17 kW were determined to maintain Radon concentrations below 15 Bq/m3. This provides a practical and actionable solution for maintaining safe IAQ in confined spaces, which is a significant step forward compared to similar studies. These results align with other experimental research, validating the use of numerical techniques in indoor air quality studies. By optimizing HVAC systems to maintain IAQ and minimize energy consumption, the study supports SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) by enhancing energy efficiency, SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by reducing exposure to indoor pollutants, and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by improving air quality management in confined spaces. The findings are particularly relevant for Africa, offering practical solutions, informing policy direction, and supporting the African Union's Agenda 2063 and SDGs 3, 7, and 11.

Metal cutting productivity or material removal rate is a constrained objective. Higher productivity, which is guaranteed by higher cutting process parameters (feed, speed, and depth of cut), is accompanied by higher constraining and unwanted factors like higher cutting forces, higher power demand, higher machine tool and workpiece deflections (in other words, form error), higher waste heat generation and coolant demand, faster tool wear rate, higher predisposition to periodic and regenerative chatter, compromised surface quality, etc. The research focused on the development of theoretical and numerical framework for selecting the cutting process parameters to enhance the productivity, integrity, and accuracy of turned slender parts. The method involved theoretical modelling that expresses material removal rate and form error in terms of cutting process parameters, workpiece flexibility parameters, workpiece geometrical parameters, and kinematic parameters. Cutting tests were carried out in validation of the arising theoretical and numerical results. Parametric studies were carried out using the developed computational model to understand the trend of accuracy and productivity with variation of cutting process parameter. As expected, the parametric study shows that flexibility of the slender workpiece reduced MRR. The results showed that deviation of predicted values of MRR from the desired values rises with rise of all the cutting process parameters; feed, depth of cut and spindle speed. The findings also indicate that as the feed rate and depth of cut increase, the variance between the predicted diameter and the target values also increases. However, there is a fluctuating pattern with a gradual decrease in variance as the spindle speed rises. Based on the results of the parametric studies, specified tolerance ranges could be met by choosing parameter sets that meet the specifications. If the numerical model relies on FEA, it might require extensive computational resources and expertise, limiting its practicality. Overcoming these limitations often involves continuous research and development efforts, incorporating real-world data, and improving the accuracy and adaptability of the framework for specific machining scenarios. The parametric study results can be used as a framework for the selection of cutting process parameter to enhance the productivity, integrity, and accuracy of turned slender parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synergy between enzymes and nanotechnology (nano-biocatalysts) has created some of the most promising biomaterials fabricated by synergistically incorporating advanced nano-biotechnology. The incorporation of enzymes into nanotechnology is of great significance for making nanomaterials that are rarely harmful to the environment. However, the unique/specific physicochemical characteristics and supramolecular nature ascribed to functional nanostructures (nanomaterials), have made them novel, interesting, and exceptional matrices for the creation of nano-biocatalysts. These have a lot of potential for improving the enzyme stability, function, efficiency, kinetic characteristics, vulnerability to diffusional constraints, and engineering performance in bioprocessing. Hence, the nano-biocatalysts developed contain exceptional properties with many potential applications in diverse fields. This review covers a wide range of the nanotechnology and enzyme technology involved in producing nano-biocatalysts, including different mechanisms, strategies in nanomaterial enzyme immobilization, and various nanocarriers, as well as recent developments in controlling enzyme activity. The vast range of potential applications of nano-biocatalysts in various fields, including food, pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and bioremediation, has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]