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1. Antibody Persistence After Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Protection Against Future Variants Including Omicron in Adolescents: National, Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Aiano, Felicity, Ireland, Georgina, Baawuah, Frances, Beckmann, Joanne, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O., Ahmad, Shazaad, Garstang, Joanna, Brent, Andrew J., Brent, Bernadette, Borrow, Ray, Linley, Ezra, Ho, Sammy, Carr, Christine, Zambon, Maria, Poh, John, Warrener, Lenesha, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Brown, Kevin E., Ramsay, Mary E., Hoschler, Katja, and Ladhani, Shamez N.

Published
2023
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2. Emergence of the delta variant and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in secondary school students and staff: Prospective surveillance in 18 schools, England

Author

Ladhani, Shamez N., Ireland, Georgina, Baawuah, Frances, Beckmann, Joanne, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O., Ahmad, Shazaad, Garstang, Joanna, Brent, Andrew J., Brent, Bernadette, Aiano, Felicity, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, Kall, Meaghan, Borrow, Ray, Linley, Ezra, Zambon, Maria, Poh, John, Warrener, Lenesha, Lackenby, Angie, Ellis, Joanna, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Brown, Kevin E., and Ramsay, Mary E.

Published
2022
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3. Children develop robust and sustained cross-reactive spike-specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Dowell, Alexander C., Butler, Megan S., Jinks, Elizabeth, Tut, Gokhan, Lancaster, Tara, Sylla, Panagiota, Begum, Jusnara, Bruton, Rachel, Pearce, Hayden, Verma, Kriti, Logan, Nicola, Tyson, Grace, Spalkova, Eliska, Margielewska-Davies, Sandra, Taylor, Graham S., Syrimi, Eleni, Baawuah, Frances, Beckmann, Joanne, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O., Ahmad, Shazaad, Garstang, Joanna, Brent, Andrew J., Brent, Bernadette, Ireland, Georgina, Aiano, Felicity, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, Jones, Samuel, Borrow, Ray, Linley, Ezra, Wright, John, Azad, Rafaq, Waiblinger, Dagmar, Davis, Chris, Thomson, Emma C., Palmarini, Massimo, Willett, Brian J., Barclay, Wendy S., Poh, John, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Brown, Kevin E., Ramsay, Mary E., Zuo, Jianmin, Moss, Paul, and Ladhani, Shamez

Published
2022
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4. Antibody persistence and neutralising activity in primary school students and staff: Prospective active surveillance, June to December 2020, England

Author

Ireland, Georgina, Jeffery-Smith, Anna, Zambon, Maria, Hoschler, Katja, Harris, Ross, Poh, John, Baawuah, Frances, Beckmann, Joanne, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O, Ahmad, Shazaad, Garstang, Joanna, Brent, Andrew J, Brent, Bernadette, Aiano, Felicity, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, Letley, Louise, Jones, Samuel E I, Kall, Meaghan, Patel, Monika, Gopal, Robin, Borrow, Ray, Linley, Ezra, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Brown, Kevin E, Ramsay, Mary E, and Ladhani, Shamez N

Published
2021
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5. SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody positivity and seroconversion rates in staff and students following full reopening of secondary schools in England: A prospective cohort study, September–December 2020

Author

Ladhani, Shamez N., Ireland, Georgina, Baawuah, Frances, Beckmann, Joanne, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O., Ahmad, Shazaad, Garstang, Joanna, Brent, Andrew J., Brent, Bernadette, Walker, Jemma, Aiano, Felicity, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, Letley, Louise, Flood, Jessica, Jones, Samuel E.I., Kall, Meaghan, Borrow, Ray, Linley, Ezra, Zambon, Maria, Poh, John, Lackenby, Angie, Ellis, Joanna, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Brown, Kevin E., and Ramsay, Mary E.

Published
2021
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6. The causes, presentation, outcome and management of bacterial meningitis in young infants

Author

Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O.

Subjects
618.92
Abstract

Background and objectives Bacterial meningitis (BM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality The case fatality rates amongst neonates have declined but rates of sequelae have remained unchanged. This thesis aimed to define the current burden, management and outcome in young infants. Methods Two national surveillance studies conducted using national reporting systems by the Public Health England and neonatal unit infection network, in combination with prospective/ retrospective multi-centre observational studies were used. Results The incidence of BM is highest in infants <90 days compared to any other age group. In neonates, the incidence and aetiology has not changed since the 1980s. Group B streptococcus and E. coli remain the leading causes; neither are currently vaccine- preventable. Listeria meningitis occurred only in the first month of life with implications for national empiric antibiotic recommendations. The presenting features are non-specific and only half presented with fever, which could potentially lead to significant delays in initiating empiric antibiotics. In a subset of 97 infants, the time from triage to receipt of first antibiotic dose was 2.0 hours (IQR: 1.0-3.3) hours, significantly shorter in infants with fever or seizures at presentation compared to those without. Almost all symptoms reported by parents appeared at the onset of the illness, with very few new symptoms appearing subsequently. We have identified gaps in the current management of cases. 4 Dr. Ifeanyichukwu Ogbonnaya Okike 2017 8% died, and 20% of survivors suffered a serious central nervous system (CNS) complication at discharge. The independent risk factors for death were prematurity, low birthweight, coma at presentation and pneumococcal meningitis, whilst temperature instability, seizures, CSF protein >2275 mg/dl and pneumococcal meningitis were independently associated with serious CNS complications. Conclusion The incidence of BM in young infants and rates of serious CNS complications have not changed in more than three decades. Our e-leaming tool based on lessons from the course of illness and clinical management of cases in addition to our proposed management algorithm will be invaluable resources. An effective GBS vaccine is needed to reduce the burden of serious bacterial infection in young infants.

Published
2017

7. National and regional prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in primary and secondary school children in England: the School Infection Survey, a national open cohort study, November 2021SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in school children

Author

Powell, Annabel A., primary, Ireland, Georgina, additional, Leeson, Rebecca, additional, Lacey, Andrea, additional, Ford, Ben, additional, Poh, John, additional, Ijaz, Samreen, additional, Shute, Justin, additional, Cherepanov, Peter, additional, Tedder, Richard, additional, Bottomley, Christian, additional, Dawe, Fiona, additional, Mangtani, Punam, additional, Jones, Peter, additional, Nguipdop-Djomo, Patrick, additional, Ladhani, Shamez N., additional, Ahmad, Shazaad, additional, Baawuah, Frances, additional, Beckmann, Joanne, additional, Brent, Andrew, additional, Brent, Bernadette, additional, Garstang, Joanna, additional, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O., additional, Brown, Kevin, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Bonell, Chris, additional, Cook, Sarah, additional, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, additional, Phelan, Jody, additional, Hargreaves, James, additional, Langan, Sinead, additional, Sundaram, Neisha, additional, McClenaghan, Elliot, additional, McKay, Gillian, additional, Edmunds, John, additional, and Fine, Paul, additional

Published
2023
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8. National and regional prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in primary and secondary school children in England: the School Infection Survey, a national open cohort study, November 2021SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in school children

Author

Powell, Annabel A, Ireland, Georgina, Leeson, Rebecca, Lacey, Andrea, Ford, Ben, Poh, John, Ijaz, Samreen, Shute, Justin, Cherepanov, Peter, Tedder, Richard, Bottomley, Christian, Dawe, Fiona, Mangtani, Punam, Jones, Peter, Nguipdop-Djomo, Patrick, Ladhani, Shamez N, Group, COVID-19 Schools Infection Survey, Ahmad, Shazaad, Baawuah, Frances, Beckmann, Joanne, Brent, Andrew, Brent, Bernadette, Garstang, Joanna, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O, Brown, Kevin, Ramsay, Mary, Bonell, Chris, Cook, Sarah, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, Phelan, Jody, Hargreaves, James, Langan, Sinead, Sundaram, Neisha, McClenaghan, Elliot, McKay, Gillian, Edmunds, John, and Fine, Paul

Subjects
Genome Integrity & Repair, Cell Cycle & Chromosomes, Biochemistry & Proteomics, Structural Biology & Biophysics
Abstract

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 infection rates are likely to be underestimated in children because of asymptomatic or mild infections. We aim to estimate national and regional prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in primary (4-11-year-olds) and secondary (11-18-year-olds) school children between 10 November and 10 December 2021. METHODS: Cross-sectional surveillance in England using two stage sampling, firstly stratifying into regions and selecting local authorities, then selecting schools according to a stratified sample within selected local authorities. Participants were sampled using a novel oral fluid validated assay for SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid IgG antibodies. RESULTS: 4,980 students from 117 state-funded schools (2,706 from 83 primary schools, 2,274 from 34 secondary schools) provided a valid sample. After weighting for age, sex and ethnicity, and adjusting for assay accuracy, the national prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in primary school students, who were all unvaccinated, was 40.1% (95%CI; 37.3-43.0). Antibody prevalence increased with age (p

Published
2023
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10. Effect of a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY glycoconjugate or a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine on meningococcal carriage: an observer-blind, phase 3 randomised clinical trial

Author

Read, Robert C, Baxter, David, Chadwick, David R, Faust, Saul N, Finn, Adam, Gordon, Stephen B, Heath, Paul T, Lewis, David J M, Pollard, Andrew J, Turner, David P J, Bazaz, Rohit, Ganguli, Amitava, Havelock, Tom, Neal, Keith R, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O, Morales-Aza, Begonia, Patel, Kamlesh, Snape, Matthew D, Williams, John, Gilchrist, Stefanie, Gray, Steve J, Maiden, Martin C J, Toneatto, Daniela, Wang, Huajun, McCarthy, Maggie, Dull, Peter M, and Borrow, Ray

Published
2014
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12. Comparison of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Group B Streptococcal Sepsis and Meningitis

Author

Davies, Hannah G, primary, O’Sullivan, Catherine P, additional, Al Janabi, Hareth, additional, Rattue, Hilary, additional, Trotter, Caroline, additional, Giorgakoudi, Kyriaki, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Ladhani, Shamez, additional, Lamagni, Theresa, additional, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O, additional, Le Doare, Kirsty, additional, and Heath, Paul T, additional

Published
2022
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13. Secondary attack rates in primary and secondary school bubbles following a confirmed case: Active, prospective national surveillance, November to December 2020, England

Author

Powell, Annabel A., primary, Ireland, Georgina, additional, Baawuah, Frances, additional, Beckmann, Joanne, additional, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O., additional, Ahmad, Shazaad, additional, Garstang, Joanna, additional, Brent, Andrew J., additional, Brent, Bernadette, additional, Aiano, Felicity, additional, Hargreaves, James, additional, Langan, Sinéad M., additional, Mangtani, Punam, additional, Nguipdop-Djomo, Patrick, additional, Sturgess, Joanna, additional, Oswald, William, additional, Halliday, Katherine, additional, Rourke, Emma, additional, Dawe, Fiona, additional, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, additional, Kall, Meaghan, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Poh, John, additional, Ijaz, Samreen, additional, Lackenby, Angie, additional, Elli, Joanna, additional, Brown, Kevin E., additional, Diamond, Sir Ian, additional, Ramsay, Mary E., additional, and Ladhani, Shamez N., additional

Published
2022
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14. Children develop robust and sustained cross-reactive spike-specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Dowell, Alexander C., primary, Butler, Megan S., additional, Jinks, Elizabeth, additional, Tut, Gokhan, additional, Lancaster, Tara, additional, Sylla, Panagiota, additional, Begum, Jusnara, additional, Bruton, Rachel, additional, Pearce, Hayden, additional, Verma, Kriti, additional, Logan, Nicola, additional, Tyson, Grace, additional, Spalkova, Eliska, additional, Margielewska-Davies, Sandra, additional, Taylor, Graham S., additional, Syrimi, Eleni, additional, Baawuah, Frances, additional, Beckmann, Joanne, additional, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O., additional, Ahmad, Shazaad, additional, Garstang, Joanna, additional, Brent, Andrew J., additional, Brent, Bernadette, additional, Ireland, Georgina, additional, Aiano, Felicity, additional, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, additional, Jones, Samuel, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, Linley, Ezra, additional, Wright, John, additional, Azad, Rafaq, additional, Waiblinger, Dagmar, additional, Davis, Chris, additional, Thomson, Emma C., additional, Palmarini, Massimo, additional, Willett, Brian J., additional, Barclay, Wendy S., additional, Poh, John, additional, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, additional, Brown, Kevin E., additional, Ramsay, Mary E., additional, Zuo, Jianmin, additional, Moss, Paul, additional, and Ladhani, Shamez, additional

Published
2021
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15. Emergence of the Delta Variant and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in secondary school students and staff: prospective surveillance in 18 schools, England

Author

Ladhani, Shamez N., primary, Ireland, Georgina, additional, Baawuah, Frances, additional, Beckmann, Joanne, additional, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O, additional, Ahmad, Shazaad, additional, Garstang, Joanna, additional, Brent, Andrew J, additional, Brent, Bernadette, additional, Aiano, Felicity, additional, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, additional, Kall, Meaghan, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, Linley, Ezra, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Poh, John, additional, Warrener, Lenesha, additional, Lackenby, Angie, additional, Ellis, Joanna, additional, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, additional, Brown, Kevin E, additional, and Ramsay, Mary E, additional

Published
2021
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16. Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant, infection rates, antibody seroconversion and seroprevalence rates in secondary school students and staff: Active prospective surveillance, December 2020 to March 2021, England

Author

Ladhani, Shamez N., primary, Ireland, Georgina, additional, Baawuah, Frances, additional, Beckmann, Joanne, additional, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O, additional, Ahmad, Shazaad, additional, Garstang, Joanna, additional, Brent, Andrew J, additional, Brent, Bernadette, additional, Aiano, Felicity, additional, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, additional, Kall, Meaghan, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, Linley, Ezra, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Poh, John, additional, Warrener, Lenesha, additional, Lackenby, Angie, additional, Ellis, Joanna, additional, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, additional, Brown, Kevin E, additional, and Ramsay, Mary E, additional

Published
2021
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18. Antibody persistence and neutralising activity in primary school students and staff: prospective active surveillance, June to December 2020, England

Author

Ireland, Georgina, primary, Jeffery-Smith, Anna, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Hoschler, Katja, additional, Harris, Ross, additional, Poh, John, additional, Baawuah, Frances, additional, Beckmann, Joanne, additional, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O, additional, Ahmad, Shazaad, additional, Garstang, Joanna, additional, Brent, Andrew J, additional, Brent, Bernadette, additional, Aiano, Felicity, additional, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, additional, Letley, Louise, additional, Jones, Samuel E I, additional, Kall, Meaghan, additional, Patel, Monika, additional, Gopal, Robin, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, Linley, Ezra, additional, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, additional, Brown, Kevin E, additional, Ramsay, Mary E, additional, and Ladhani, Shamez N, additional

Published
2021
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22. Meningococcal carriage in adolescents in the United Kingdom to inform timing of an adolescent vaccination strategy

Author

Jeppesen, Catherine A., primary, Snape, Matthew D., additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Gossger, Nicoletta, additional, John, Tessa M., additional, Voysey, Merryn, additional, Ladhani, Shamez, additional, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O., additional, Oeser, Clarissa, additional, Kent, Alison, additional, Oliver, Jennifer, additional, Taylor, Pippa, additional, Morales-Aza, Begonia, additional, Clarke, Stuart C., additional, Casey, Michelle, additional, Martins, Filipa, additional, Kitchin, Nicholas R.E., additional, Anderson, Annaliesa S., additional, Jones, Hal, additional, Jansen, Kathrin U., additional, Eiden, Joseph, additional, Pedneault, Louise, additional, Heath, Paul T., additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Faust, Saul N., additional, and Pollard, Andrew J., additional

Published
2015
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25. The immunogenicity of a novel A (H1N1) vaccine in HIV-infected children

Author

Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O., primary, Yung, Chee, additional, Ladhani, Shamez, additional, Oeser, Clarissa, additional, Bennett, Aisleen, additional, Doerholt, Katja, additional, Storey, Sharon, additional, Donaghy, Sheila, additional, Butter, Nigel, additional, Hoschler, Katja, additional, Sheasby, Liz, additional, Heath, Paul T., additional, and Miller, Elizabeth, additional

Published
2011
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27. Incidence, Etiology, and Outcome of Bacterial Meningitis in Infants Aged <90 Days in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland: Prospective, Enhanced, National Population-Based Surveillance.

Author

Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O., Johnson, Alan P., Henderson, Katherine L., Blackburn, Ruth M., Muller-Pebody, Berit, Ladhani, Shamez N., Anthony, Mark, Ninis, Nelly, and Heath, Paul T.

Subjects
*BACTERIAL meningitis, *BACTERIAL disease treatment, *NEONATAL diseases, *INFANT mortality, *THERAPEUTICS, PREMATURE infant death
Abstract

A surveillance study to determine the incidence, aetiology, and outcome of bacterial meningitis in infants aged <90 days across the UK and Ireland during July 2010–July 2011 shows that the incidence and outcome has not changed since the 1980s.Background. Bacterial meningitis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young infants. Understanding the epidemiology and burden of disease is important.Methods. Prospective, enhanced, national population-based active surveillance was undertaken to determine the incidence, etiology, and outcome of bacterial meningitis in infants aged <90 days in the United Kingdom and Ireland.Results. During July 2010–July 2011, 364 cases were identified (annual incidence, 0.38/1000 live births; 95% confidence interval [CI], .35–.42). In England and Wales, the incidence of confirmed neonatal bacterial meningitis was 0.21 (n = 167; 95% CI, .18–.25). A total of 302 bacteria were isolated in 298 (82%) of the cases. The pathogens responsible varied by route of admission, gestation at birth, and age at infection. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) (150/302 [50%]; incidence, 0.16/1000 live births; 95% CI, .13–.18) and Escherichia coli (41/302 [14%]; incidence, 0.04/1000; 95% CI, .03–.06) were responsible for approximately two-thirds of identified bacteria. Pneumococcal (28/302 [9%]) and meningococcal (23/302 [8%]) meningitis were rare in the first month, whereas Listeria meningitis was seen only in the first month of life (11/302 [4%]). In hospitalized preterm infants, the etiology of both early- and late-onset meningitis was more varied. Overall case fatality was 8% (25/329) and was higher for pneumococcal meningitis (5/26 [19%]) than GBS meningitis (7/135 [5%]; P = .04) and for preterm (15/90 [17%]) compared with term (10/235 [4%]; P = .0002) infants.Conclusions. The incidence of bacterial meningitis in young infants remains unchanged since the 1980s and is associated with significant case fatality. Prevention strategies and guidelines to improve the early management of cases should be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2014

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