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16. Multisensory task demands temporally extend the causal requirement for visual cortex in perception

Author

Oude Lohuis, Matthijs N, Pie, Jean L, Marchesi, Pietro, Montijn, Jorrit S, de Kock, Christiaan P J, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Olcese, Umberto, Oude Lohuis, Matthijs N, Pie, Jean L, Marchesi, Pietro, Montijn, Jorrit S, de Kock, Christiaan P J, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, and Olcese, Umberto

Abstract

Primary sensory areas constitute crucial nodes during perceptual decision making. However, it remains unclear to what extent they mainly constitute a feedforward processing step, or rather are continuously involved in a recurrent network together with higher-order areas. We found that the temporal window in which primary visual cortex is required for the detection of identical visual stimuli was extended when task demands were increased via an additional sensory modality that had to be monitored. Late-onset optogenetic inactivation preserved bottom-up, early-onset responses which faithfully encoded stimulus features, and was effective in impairing detection only if it preceded a late, report-related phase of the cortical response. Increasing task demands were marked by longer reaction times and the effect of late optogenetic inactivation scaled with reaction time. Thus, independently of visual stimulus complexity, multisensory task demands determine the temporal requirement for ongoing sensory-related activity in V1, which overlaps with report-related activity.

Published
2022

17. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome Screening Through Wrist-Worn Smartbands: A Machine-Learning Approach

Author

Benedetti,Davide, Olcese,Umberto, Bruno,Simone, Barsotti,Marta, Maestri Tassoni,Michelangelo, Bonanni,Enrica, Siciliano,Gabriele, Faraguna,Ugo, Benedetti,Davide, Olcese,Umberto, Bruno,Simone, Barsotti,Marta, Maestri Tassoni,Michelangelo, Bonanni,Enrica, Siciliano,Gabriele, and Faraguna,Ugo

Abstract

Davide Benedetti,1 Umberto Olcese,2 Simone Bruno,1 Marta Barsotti,3 Michelangelo Maestri Tassoni,3,4 Enrica Bonanni,3,4 Gabriele Siciliano,3,4 Ugo Faraguna1,5 1Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; 2Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 3Neurological Clinics, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; 4Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; 5Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, ItalyCorrespondence: Ugo Faraguna, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno, 31, Pisa, 56123, Italy, Tel +39 050 2213470, Email ugo.faraguna@unipi.itPurpose: A large portion of the adult population is thought to suffer from obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), a sleep-related breathing disorder associated with increased morbidity and mortality. International guidelines include the polysomnography and the cardiorespiratory monitoring (CRM) as diagnostic tools for OSAS, but they are unfit for a large-scale screening, given their invasiveness, high cost and lengthy process of scoring. Current screening methods are based on self-reported questionnaires that suffer from lack of objectivity. On the contrary, commercial smartbands are wearable devices capable of collecting accelerometric and photoplethysmographic data in a user-friendly and objective way. We questioned whether machine-learning (ML) classifiers trained on data collected through these wearable devices would help predict OSAS severity.Patients and Methods: Each of the patients (n = 78, mean age ± SD: 57.2 ± 12.9 years; 30 females) underwent CRM and concurrently wore a commercial wrist smartband. CRM’s traces were scored, and OSAS severity was reported as apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI). We trained thr

Published
2022

20. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R., primary, Adan, Roger A.H., additional, Alenina, Natalia, additional, Asiminas, Antonis, additional, Bader, Michael, additional, Beckers, Tom, additional, Begg, Denovan P., additional, Blokland, Arjan, additional, Burger, Marilise E., additional, van Dijk, Gertjan, additional, Eisel, Ulrich L.M., additional, Elgersma, Ype, additional, Englitz, Bernhard, additional, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, additional, Fitzsimons, Carlos P., additional, van Dam, Anne-Marie, additional, Gass, Peter, additional, Grandjean, Joanes, additional, Havekes, Robbert, additional, Henckens, Marloes J.A.G., additional, Herden, Christiane, additional, Hut, Roelof A., additional, Jarrett, Wendy, additional, Jeffrey, Kate, additional, Jezova, Daniela, additional, Kalsbeek, Andries, additional, Kamermans, Maarten, additional, Kas, Martien J., additional, Kasri, Nael Nadif, additional, Kiliaan, Amanda J., additional, Kolk, Sharon M., additional, Korosi, Aniko, additional, Korte, S. Mechiel, additional, Kozicz, Tamas, additional, Kushner, Steven A., additional, Leech, Kirk, additional, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, additional, Lesscher, Heidi, additional, Lucassen, Paul J., additional, Luthi, Anita, additional, Ma, Liya, additional, Mallien, Anne S., additional, Meerlo, Peter, additional, Mejias, Jorge F., additional, Meye, Frank J., additional, Mitchell, Anna S., additional, Mul, Joram D., additional, Olcese, Umberto, additional, González, Azahara Oliva, additional, Olivier, Jocelien D.A., additional, Pasqualetti, Massimo, additional, Pennartz, Cyriel M.A., additional, Popik, Piotr, additional, Prickaerts, Jos, additional, de la Prida, Liset M., additional, Ribeiro, Sidarta, additional, Roozendaal, Benno, additional, Rossato, Janine I., additional, Salari, Ali-Akbar, additional, Schoemaker, Regien G., additional, Smit, August B., additional, Vanderschuren, Louk J.M.J., additional, Takeuchi, Tomonori, additional, van der Veen, Rixt, additional, Smidt, Marten P., additional, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V., additional, Wiesmann, Maximilian, additional, Wierenga, Corette J., additional, Williams, Bella, additional, Willuhn, Ingo, additional, Wöhr, Markus, additional, Wolvekamp, Monique, additional, van der Zee, Eddy A., additional, and Genzel, Lisa, additional

Published
2021
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23. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Afd Pharmacology, AISS Behaviour Neuroscience, dASS BW-1, Sub Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Celbiologie, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Afd Pharmacology, AISS Behaviour Neuroscience, dASS BW-1, Sub Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Celbiologie, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Published
2021

24. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Homberg, Judith R, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Abstract

Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.

Published
2021

25. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R., Adan, Roger A. H., Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P., Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E., van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L. M., Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P., van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J. A. G., Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A., Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J., Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J., Kolk, Sharon M., Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S. Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A., Leech, Kirk, Leech, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J., Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S., Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F., Meye, Frank J., Mitchell, Anna S., Mul, Joram D., Olcese, Umberto, Gonzalez, Azahara Oliva, Oliver, Jocelien D. A., Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, CyrielM. A., Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M., Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benn, Rossato, Janine I., Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G., Smit, August B., Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P., V. Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J., Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Woehr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A., Genzel, Lisa, Vanderschuren, Louk J. M. J., Homberg, Judith R., Adan, Roger A. H., Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P., Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E., van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L. M., Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P., van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J. A. G., Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A., Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J., Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J., Kolk, Sharon M., Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S. Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A., Leech, Kirk, Leech, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J., Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S., Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F., Meye, Frank J., Mitchell, Anna S., Mul, Joram D., Olcese, Umberto, Gonzalez, Azahara Oliva, Oliver, Jocelien D. A., Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, CyrielM. A., Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M., Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benn, Rossato, Janine I., Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G., Smit, August B., Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P., V. Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J., Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Woehr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A., Genzel, Lisa, and Vanderschuren, Louk J. M. J.

Abstract

C Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.

Published
2021

26. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

TN groep Adan, Brain, TN groep Meye, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, TN groep Adan, Brain, TN groep Meye, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Published
2021

27. Local sleep in awake rats

Author

Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V., Olcese, Umberto, Hanlon, Erin C., Nir, Yuval, Cirelli, Chiara, and Tononi, Giulio

Subjects
Brain -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Neurons -- Health aspects -- Physiological aspects, Sleep -- Health aspects -- Physiological aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

In an awake state, neurons in the cerebral cortex fire irregularly and electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings display low-amplitude, high-frequency fluctuations. During sleep, neurons oscillate between 'on' periods, when they fire as in an awake brain, and 'off' periods, when they stop firing altogether and the EEG displays high-amplitude slow waves. However, what happens to neuronal firing after a long period of being awake is not known. Here we show that in freely behaving rats after a long period in an awake state, cortical neurons can go briefly 'offline' as in sleep, accompanied by slow waves in the local EEG. Neurons often go offline in one cortical area but not in another, and during these periods of 'local sleep', the incidence of which increases with the duration of the awake state, rats are active and display an 'awake' EEG. However, they are progressively impaired in a sugar pellet reaching task. Thus, although both the EEG and behaviour indicate wakefulness, local populations of neurons in the cortex may be falling asleep, with negative consequences for performance., While animals are awake, the eyes are usually open; they move around and respond to their surroundings. During sleep, the eyes close, behaviour stops and animals fail to respond to [...]

Published
2011
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35. Heart rate detection by Fitbit ChargeHR™: A validation study versus portable polysomnography.

Author

Benedetti, Davide, Olcese, Umberto, Frumento, Paolo, Bazzani, Andrea, Bruno, Simone, d'Ascanio, Paola, Maestri, Michelangelo, Bonanni, Enrica, and Faraguna, Ugo

Subjects
*HEART beat, *SLEEP-wake cycle, *PEARSON correlation (Statistics), *POLYSOMNOGRAPHY, *YOUNG adults, *RAPID eye movement sleep, *WAKEFULNESS
Abstract

Summary: Consumer "Smartbands" can collect physiological parameters, such as heart rate (HR), continuously across the sleep–wake cycle. Nevertheless, the quality of HR data detected by such devices and their place in the research and clinical field is debatable, as they are rarely rigorously validated. The objective of the present study was to investigate the reliability of pulse photoplethysmographic detection by the Fitbit ChargeHR™ (FBCHR, Fitbit Inc.) in a natural setting of continuous recording across vigilance states. To fulfil this aim, concurrent portable polysomnographic (pPSG) and the Fitbit's photoplethysmographic data were collected from a group of 25 healthy young adults, for ≥12 hr. The pPSG‐derived HR was automatically computed and visually verified for each 1‐min epoch, while the FBCHR HR measurements were downloaded from the application programming interface provided by the manufacturer. The FBCHR was generally accurate in estimating the HR, with a mean (SD) difference of −0.66 (0.04) beats/min (bpm) versus the pPSG‐derived HR reference, and an overall Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) of 0.93 (average per participant r = 0.85 ± 0.11), regardless of vigilance state. The correlation coefficients were larger during all sleep phases (rapid eye movement, r = 0.9662; N1, r = 0.9918; N2, r = 0.9793; N3, r = 0.9849) than in wakefulness (r = 0.8432). Moreover, the correlation coefficient was lower for HRs of >100 bpm (r = 0.374) than for HRs of <100 bpm (r = 0.84). Consistently, Bland–Altman analysis supports the overall higher accuracy in the detection of HR during sleep. The relatively high accuracy of FBCHR pulse rate detection during sleep makes this device suitable for sleep‐related research applications in healthy participants, under free‐living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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43. Cortical source of blink‐related delta oscillations and their correlation with levels of consciousness

Author

Bonfiglio, Luca, Olcese, Umberto, Rossi, Bruno, Frisoli, Antonio, Arrighi, Pieranna, Greco, Giovanni, Carozzo, Simone, Andre, Paolo, Bergamasco, Massimo, and Carboncini, MARIA CHIARA

Subjects
Adult, Male, Consciousness, event-related potentials ERPs, Blinking, Delta rhythm, Event-related oscillations EROs, Event-related potentials ERPs, Precuneus, Aged, Brain, Delta Rhythm, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Persistent Vegetative State, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Young Adult, Brain Mapping, Neurology (clinical), Anatomy, Neurology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, precuneus, Computer-Assisted, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Research Articles, event-related oscillations EROs, blinking, consciousness, delta rhythm, Signal Processing, Radiology
Abstract

Recently, blink‐related delta oscillations (delta BROs) have been observed in healthy subjects during spontaneous blinking at rest. Delta BROs have been linked with continuous gathering of information from the surrounding environment, which is classically attributed to the precuneus. Furthermore, fMRI studies have shown that precuneal activity is reduced or missing when consciousness is low or absent. We therefore hypothesized that the source of delta BROs in healthy subjects could be located in the precuneus and that delta BROs could be absent or reduced in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). To test these hypotheses, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity at rest was recorded in 12 healthy controls and nine patients with DOC (four vegetative states, and five minimally conscious states). Three‐second‐lasting EEG epochs centred on each blink instance were analyzed in both time‐ (BROs) and frequency domains (event‐related spectral perturbation or ERSP and intertrial coherence or ITC). Cortical sources of the maximum blink‐related delta power, corresponding to the positive peak of the delta BROs, were estimated by standardized Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography. In control subjects, as expected, the source of delta BROs was located in the precuneus, whereas in DOC patients, delta BROs were not recognizable and no precuneal localization was possible. Furthermore, we observed a direct relationship between spectral indexes and levels of cognitive functioning in all subjects participating in the study. This reinforces the hypothesis that delta BROs reflect neural processes linked with awareness of the self and of the environment. Hum Brain Mapp 34:2178–2189, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Published
2012

44. Synaptic recruitment of gephyrin regulates surface GABAA receptor dynamics for the expression of inhibitory LTP

Author

Petrini, Enrica Maria, primary, Ravasenga, Tiziana, additional, Hausrat, Torben J., additional, Iurilli, Giuliano, additional, Olcese, Umberto, additional, Racine, Victor, additional, Sibarita, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Jacob, Tija C., additional, Moss, Stephen J., additional, Benfenati, Fabio, additional, Medini, Paolo, additional, Kneussel, Matthias, additional, and Barberis, Andrea, additional

Published
2014
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45. Spectral Parameters Modulation and Source Localization of Blink-Related Alpha and Low-Beta Oscillations Differentiate Minimally Conscious State from Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome

Author

Bonfiglio, Luca, primary, Piarulli, Andrea, additional, Olcese, Umberto, additional, Andre, Paolo, additional, Arrighi, Pieranna, additional, Frisoli, Antonio, additional, Rossi, Bruno, additional, Bergamasco, Massimo, additional, and Carboncini, Maria Chiara, additional

Published
2014
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46. Preserved Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance of Cortical Synaptic Inputs following Deprived Eye Stimulation after a Saturating Period of Monocular Deprivation in Rats

Author

Iurilli, Giuliano, Olcese, Umberto, Medini, Paolo, Iurilli, Giuliano, Olcese, Umberto, and Medini, Paolo

Abstract

Monocular deprivation (MD) during development leads to a dramatic loss of responsiveness through the deprived eye in primary visual cortical neurons, and to degraded spatial vision (amblyopia) in all species tested so far, including rodents. Such loss of responsiveness is accompanied since the beginning by a decreased excitatory drive from the thalamo-cortical inputs. However, in the thalamorecipient layer 4, inhibitory interneurons are initially unaffected by MD and their synapses onto pyramidal cells potentiate. It remains controversial whether ocular dominance plasticity similarly or differentially affects the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances driven by visual stimulation of the deprived eye and impinging onto visual cortical pyramids, after a saturating period of MD. To address this issue, we isolated visually-driven excitatory and inhibitory conductances by in vivo whole-cell recordings from layer 4 regular-spiking neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of juvenile rats. We found that a saturating period of MD comparably reduced visually-driven excitatory and inhibitory conductances driven by visual stimulation of the deprived eye. Also, the excitatory and inhibitory conductances underlying the synaptic responses driven by the ipsilateral, left open eye were similarly potentiated compared to controls. Multiunit recordings in layer 4 followed by spike sorting indicated that the suprathreshold loss of responsiveness and the MD-driven ocular preference shifts were similar for narrow spiking, putative inhibitory neurons and broad spiking, putative excitatory neurons. Thus, by the time the plastic response has reached a plateau, inhibitory circuits adjust to preserve the normal balance between excitation and inhibition in the cortical network of the main thalamorecipient layer.

Published
2013
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47. Cellular and synaptic architecture of multisensory integration in the mouse neocortex

Author

Olcese, Umberto, Iurilli, Giuliano, Medini, Paolo, Olcese, Umberto, Iurilli, Giuliano, and Medini, Paolo

Abstract

Multisensory integration (MI) is crucial for sensory processing, but it is unclear how MI is organized in cortical microcircuits. Whole-cell recordings in a mouse visuotactile area located between primary visual and somatosensory cortices revealed that spike responses were less bimodal than synaptic responses but displayed larger multisensory enhancement. MI was layer and cell type specific, with multisensory enhancement being rare in the major class of inhibitory interneurons and in the output infragranular layers. Optogenetic manipulation of parvalbumin-positive interneuron activity revealed that the scarce MI of interneurons enables MI in neighboring pyramids. Finally, single-cell resolution calcium imaging revealed a gradual merging of modalities: unisensory neurons had higher densities toward the borders of the primary cortices, but were located in unimodal clusters in the middle of the cortical area. These findings reveal the role of different neuronal subcircuits in the synaptic process of MI in the rodent parietal cortex.

Published
2013
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49. Sound-Driven Synaptic Inhibition in Primary Visual Cortex

Author

Iurilli, Giuliano, Ghezzi, Diego, Olcese, Umberto, Lassi, Glenda, Nazzaro, Cristiano, Tonini, Raffaella, Tucci, Valter, Benfenati, Fabio, Medini, Paolo, Iurilli, Giuliano, Ghezzi, Diego, Olcese, Umberto, Lassi, Glenda, Nazzaro, Cristiano, Tonini, Raffaella, Tucci, Valter, Benfenati, Fabio, and Medini, Paolo

Abstract

Multimodal objects and events activate many sensory cortical areas simultaneously. This is possibly reflected in reciprocal modulations of neuronal activity, even at the level of primary cortical areas. However, the synaptic character of these interareal interactions, and their impact on synaptic and behavioral sensory responses are unclear. Here, we found that activation of auditory cortex by a noise burst drove local GABAergic inhibition on supragranular pyramids of the mouse primary visual cortex, via cortico-cortical connections. This inhibition was generated by sound-driven excitation of a limited number of cells in infragranular visual cortical neurons. Consequently, visually driven synaptic and spike responses were reduced upon bimodal stimulation. Also, acoustic stimulation suppressed conditioned behavioral responses to a dim flash, an effect that was prevented by acute blockade of GABAergic transmission in visual cortex. Thus, auditory cortex activation by salient stimuli degrades potentially distracting sensory processing in visual cortex by recruiting local, translaminar, inhibitory circuits.

Published
2012
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