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Background. The topic of an inflammatory process (of various types and localization) occurring in Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)-affected eyes can be found in literature. Recent studies suggest the importance of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and retinal degenerative diseases. Uveitis can develop independently of RP, and it`s important to distinguish true uveitis from inflammatory manifestations of RP. Purpose. In present study we report of RP associated with uveitis and suggest our consolidated thoughts and experience on this topic. Materials and methods. This study was a prospective non-controlled case series. 7 RP patients (14 eyes) with coexisted uveitis signs were enrolled the study. Results. Among 173 RP patients 7 patients (4 males, 3 females) had signs of intermediate uveitis and 3 of them also have signs of slight anterior uveitis. We found no sexual predilection. Mean age at the time of diagnosing uveitis was 26,9 years (19 to 37 years). Diagnosis of RP was preexisted our study more than 10 years in 4 patients, 3 years in 1patient, and 2 years in one patient. Only one patient was diagnosed RP and uveitis simultaneously in current study. In addition to classic picture of RP, patients had vitreous cells 1 + or 2+, and for vitreous haze 0,5 + or 1+. 5 patients had cystoids macular edema (CME). All patients had no acute onset of a floaters, blurred vision and deterioration in central vision. They had no systemic complaints. Additional examination revealed HLA-B27 positivity in 5 patients (2 males, 3 females). After appointment to rheumatologist 2 patients were made diagnosis ankylosing spondylitis of low activity, other cases were considered as HLA-B27 positive uveitis. Remaining two cases we considered as either idiopathic uveitis or pronounced inflammatory component of RP. Patients with uveitis were prescribed anti-inflammatory treatment (either local or systemic). Conclusions Possibility of HLA-B27 association should be considered in RP patients with anterior and intermediate uveitis signs in spite of sex, absence of acute onset of uveitic complaints and systemic complaints. Anti-inflammatory treatment (either local or systemic) is required in RP patients with inflammation signs.

BackgroundOcular toxoplasmosis is common across all regions of the world. Understanding of the epidemiology and approach to diagnosis and treatment have evolved recently. In November 2020, an international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists formed the International Ocular Toxoplasmosis Study Group to define current practice.Methods192 Study Group members from 48 countries completed a 36-item survey on clinical features, use of investigations, indications for treatment, systemic and intravitreal treatment with antiparasitic drugs and corticosteroids, and approach to follow-up and preventive therapy.ResultsFor 77.1% of members, unilateral retinochoroiditis adjacent to a pigmented scar accounted for over 60% of presentations, but diverse atypical presentations were also reported. Common complications included persistent vitreous opacities, epiretinal membrane, cataract, and ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Most members used clinical examination with (56.8%) or without (35.9%) serology to diagnose typical disease but relied on intraocular fluid testing—usually PCR—in atypical cases (68.8%). 66.1% of members treated all non-pregnant patients, while 33.9% treated selected patients. Oral trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was first-line therapy for 66.7% of members, and 60.9% had experience using intravitreal clindamycin. Corticosteroid drugs were administered systemically by 97.4%; 24.7% also injected corticosteroid intravitreally, almost always in combination with an antimicrobial drug (72.3%). The majority of members followed up all (60.4%) or selected (35.9%) patients after resolution of acute disease, and prophylaxis against recurrence with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was prescribed to selected patients by 69.8%.ConclusionOur report presents a current management approach for ocular toxoplasmosis, as practised by a large international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists.

Andrii R Korol,1 Oleksandra Zborovska,2 Taras Kustryn,1 Oleksandra Dorokhova,2 Nataliya Pasyechnikova3 1Laser Department, 2Department ofInflammatory Pathology of the Eye, 3Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases andTissue Therapy, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of intravitreal aflibercept injections for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to chorioretinitis.Methods: In this uncontrolled, prospective cohort study, 15 eyes of 14 consecutive patients affected by CNV associated with ocular toxoplasmosis were treated with intravitreal aflibercept (2 mg) pro re nata and observed over a 12-month follow-up period. The primary outcome was the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to month 12. Secondary outcomes included change in central retinal thickness (CRT) in the foveal area on optical coherence tomography (OCT) from baseline to month 12, the number of intravitreal aflibercept injections administered, and safety.Results: Mean (standard deviation [SD]) BCVA improved significantly from 0.36 (0.23) at baseline to 0.64 (0.3) at month 12 (P=0.0002). Mean (SD) CRT on OCT showed a reduction from 317 (74) µm at baseline to 254 (43) µm (P=0.0002) at month 12. A mean (SD) of 1.7 (0.5) injections (range, 1–2 injections) were performed during the study period. No cases of endophthalmitis, uveitis, stroke, or retinal detachment were noted. No patient demonstrated an intraocular pressure >20 mmHg at any study visit.Conclusion: Intravitreal aflibercept showed a positive clinical effect and was well tolerated for the treatment of CNV associated with chorioretinitis. The results could be helpful for selecting a treatment for CNV secondary to chorioretinitis. Keywords: aflibercept, angiogenesis inhibitors, choroidal neovascularization, central chorioretinitis, anti-VEGF, toxoplasmosis