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MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was carried out on 20 male Wistar rats, of which 15 were injected with a bacterialfungal suspension into the cavity of the hock (tarsus) joint. Specifically, the rats were injected with KlebsiellaCandida suspension (1:1) with a microbial concentration of 106 CFU/ml prepared by using the museum strains Klebsiella pneumoniae ICIS-278 and Candida albicans ATCC 24433 under the control of an X-ray apparatus and digitizer FireCR+. Five intact animals served as the control. On day 15 of the experiment, a bacteriological and histological examination of the affected joints was carried out while maintaining topography after euthanasia. RESULTS: In rats infected with the KlebsiellaCandidiasis suspension, pain syndrome and functional changes typical of arthritis were noted on days 23. The bacteriological examination of the affected joints in 75% of rats isolated K. pneumonia cultures that were identical, according to polymerase chain reaction, to the original strain that was part of the bacterialfungal suspension. At the same time, fungi of the genus Candida, which was also used in the experiment to infect animals, were not detected in the affected joints of rats. The established model of KlebsiellaCandida arthritis was characterized by the pathomorphological signs of panarthritis accompanied by the purulent inflammation of all joint structures (synovial membrane, cartilage, and bone tissue) with the involvement of soft periarticular tissues. CONCLUSION: The model of Klebsiella and fungal arthritis presented by this work can be used to test new means of antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) therapies, which are an integral component of the treatment of infection-associated arthritis.

Cytokines and chemokines, as well as gut microsymbionts, are sufficient participants in the intercellular communications, thus supporting homeostasis of gut mucosa. However, these components may be of key significance for intestinal inflammation and damage to epithelial barrier. This work expands the understanding of the relationships between intestinal microbial communities and the local cytokine network of the host. The paper presents the results of the correlation analysis between total microbial number of intestinal microsymbionts and the level of pro- (TNF, IFN, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL- 1ra) in coprofiltrates obtained from clinically healthy people examined for gut dysbiosis. Determination of cytokines in coprofiltrates was carried out by ELISA technique (JSC Vector-Best, Russia). The study of 65 microsymbiocenoses of the human gut was carried out by classical bacteriological methods. Identification of obligate-anaerobic, facultative-anaerobic bacteria and fungi was carried out by time-of-flight mass spectrometry using MALDI TOF-MS Microflex LT series (Bruker Daltonians, Germany). These studies have revealed the leading role of associations between enterobacteria, fungi and representatives of the Staphylococcus genus in gut dysbiosis. In general composition of the obligate-anaerobic association, we have observed a change of consortia from several types of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in eubiotic state to a monoid variant in dysbiosis. At the same time, the number of associations that included Clostridia was increased. The analysis of correlations between cytokine indices and the number of gut microbiota showed persistance of significant associations established during eubiosis under dysbiosis conditions, with an increase in their correlation coefficient: Bifidobacterium spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp., Candida spp. and TNF. At the same time, in dysbiosis, the direction of the connections changed, and new correlations were determined: for Staphylococcus spp. and IFN; Staphylococcus spp. and IL-8; Enterobacteriaceae and IL-1ra, IFN. The established features of correlations between indices of microsymbiocenosis and quantitative changes in cytokines allow us to consider the number, composition of microsymbiocenosis and cytokine profile as factors that may affect the state of gut homeostasis in eu- and dysbiosis.

A clinical and ultrasound examination of 126 children aged 11-16 years was carried out: 60 conditionally healthy children without structural deformations of the spine and thorax; 42 patients with dysplastic deformity of the spine and thorax, degree I-III; 24 patients with spinal and thoracal deformities of the fourth degree. For diagnosis, orthopedic and ultrasound methods were used. A significant increase in the incidence and severity of dilation of the hepatic veins in children with scoliotic deformities of the spine and chest was established. These indices were significantly elevated in children with severe deformities compared with patients with deformations of the I-III degree, these parameters being associated with the severity of the deformation of the spine and thorax. In children with severe deformities of the spine and thorax, dilation of the vena cava inferior was detected, accompanied by the dilation of the hepatic veins and associated with the severity of deformations of the spine and chest, both in the prevalence and the pronouncement of this symptom. The data obtained indicate the possibility of using dilation of the hepatic veins as one of the clinical markers for the early diagnosis of hemodynamic disorders associated with a scoliotic disease, which will allow primary health care doctors timely deciding on the need for orthopedic correction of spinal deformity to prevent the progression of scoliotic disease in children.