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This special issue “Against Citizenship: Visual belongings and transnational affects” gathers contributions that address the affective and transnational networks that position themselves against or confront the “fantasy” of an egalitarian citizenship, understanding that this notion is not only intrinsically segregating, but aleatory and artificial, in the same way that the creation and existence of states are. The framework of the issue is the possibility given by cultural practices to articulate and perform post-national, denationalized or transnational forms of citizenship in a world characterized by globalization, post-colonial societies and migratory movements. Through these cultural practices a variety of political communities try to solve the restrictions that the State imposes to differentiated types of citizenship or even to cross its limits, be them geographical or juridical, and a create a different sense of belonging and recognition. The struggles for the rights around intersections, such as race, gender or disability, that are fundamental to the internal exclusion of the “citizens” of a state, are key in questioning the political debt that citizenship has with its supposed cultural homogeneity, as post-colonial countries have experienced in the last years. In this sense, notions such as identity, belonging and affect motivate the needs and roadmaps of communities excluded from citizenship, but seeking precisely to provide radically opposite definitions and possibilities which guarantee the attenuation of vulnerability and, above all, the right to be, live and exist.

To write a review at the beginning of 2020 is an intricate task. In a matter of weeks, most debates have become suddenly obsolete and soon we will need to face a very different set of questions. Ironically, the books published last year that presented round figures assessments can now be read as having involuntarily anticipated the end of a cycle. This conclusion is not metaphorical -the usual convention in the calendars-, but a decisive breakpoint that is going to reshape the world as we kno...

Rediger un article critique sur les pratiques curatoriales en ce debut d’annee 2020 est une tâche complexe. En quelques semaines, la plupart des debats sont devenus obsoletes, et bientot nous devrons nous confronter a un ensemble de questions radicalement different. Ironiquement, les livres publies l’annee derniere, presentant des estimations arrondies, peuvent desormais etre interpretes comme ayant involontairement anticipe la fin d’un cycle. Cette conclusion n’est pas metaphorique – liee a ...

Between 15% and 30% of HIV‐infected subjects fail to increase their CD4+ T‐cell counts despite continuous viral suppression (immunological nonresponders [INRs]). These subjects have a higher morbidity and mortality rate, but there are no effective treatments to reverse this situation so far. This study used data from an interrupted phase I/II clinical trial to evaluate safety and immune recovery after INRs were given four infusions, at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and 20, with human allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells from adipose tissue (Ad‐MSCs). Based on the study design, the first 5 out of 15 INRs recruited received unblinded Ad‐MSC infusions. They had a median CD4+ nadir count of 16/μL (range, 2‐180) and CD4+ count of 253 cells per microliter (171‐412) at baseline after 109 (54‐237) months on antiretroviral treatment and 69 (52‐91) months of continuous undetectable plasma HIV‐RNA. After a year of follow‐up, an independent committee recommended the suspension of the study because no increase of CD4+ T‐cell counts or CD4+/CD8+ ratios was observed. There were also no significant changes in the phenotype of different immunological lymphocyte subsets, percentages of natural killer cells, regulatory T cells, and dendritic cells, the inflammatory parameters analyzed, and cellular associated HIV‐DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, three subjects suffered venous thrombosis events directly related to the Ad‐MSC infusions in the arms where the infusions were performed. Although the current study is based on a small sample of participants, the findings suggest that allogeneic Ad‐MSC infusions are not effective to improve immune recovery in INR patients or to reduce immune activation or inflammation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT0229004. EudraCT number: 2014‐000307‐26., Between 15%‐30% of HIV‐infected subjects, do not achieve a significant immune recovery despite continuous viral suppression (immunological non‐responders). These subjects have an aberrant state of immune activation and inflammation. The treatment with adipose tissue allogeneic adult mesenchymal stromal cells does not neither improve immune recovery, nor has it succeeded in reducing the state of immune activation and inflammation.

This chapter addresses the transformation of Madrid’s cultural landscape in relation to the empowerment that stemmed from civil society, social movements, and local residents, before and after the 15M acampadas (2008–2015). Within this background, it analyzes the reconsideration of institutional curatorial practice carried out by the municipal art program Intermediae through two of its projects, Citykitchen (2011–2015) and Paisajes urbanos (2012–2015). Placed in the shared zone of institution, temporal communities, knowledge, and urban space, they exemplify the proposal of curating as (place) making, a shift in which art centers are not the subject of cultural enunciation and production, but re-appropriated as spaces of negotiation in which common work can take place and new modes of living and taking care of the city can be imagined.

[EN] In this paper we aim to reflect on some teaching experiences developed in the course History and Theory of Photography, that is taken by the students in the second year of the Degree in History of Art at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. The referred practices have as their main objectives to highlight the materials aspects of photography, to think on its discursive fields, to explore its centrality as a theoretical object and to foster a critical and dialogical attitude in the classroom., [ES] En este texto pretendemos reflexionar acerca de algunas experiencias docentes desarrolladas en la asignatura Historia y Teoría de la Fotografía, enmarcada en el segundo curso del Grado de Historia del Arte de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Las prácticas aquí referidas tienen como objetivo principal incidir en los aspectos materiales de la fotografía, reflexionar sobre sus ámbitos discursivos, explorar su centralidad como objeto teórico y potenciar una actitud crítica y dialógica en el aula.

Se exponen aspectos relacionados con las infecciones posquirúrgicas, las cuales no solo revisten interés científico, sino que además constituyen un verdadero problema socioeconómico, puesto que elevan los índices de morbilidad y mortalidad, así como los costos hospitalarios. Desde el punto de vista social, determinan la valoración de los ciudadanos respecto a la incapacidad institucional, el prestigio de los profesionales de la salud y la ruptura de la estabilidad familiar, atribuible a la pérdida de seres queridos o su invalidez total, parcial, temporal o definitiva.

Background and Purpose — It is well known that some mitochondrial disorders are responsible for ischemic cerebral infarction in young patients. Our purpose was to determine, in this prospective ongoing study, whether ischemic stroke is the only manifestation of a mitochondrial disorder in young patients. Methods — Patients aged ≤50 years, admitted to the Stroke Unit from January 1999 to May 2000 with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke of unknown origin, were included in the study. All of them had full biochemical and hematologic tests, neuroimaging studies, transesophageal echocardiography, and extracranial and transcranial Doppler sonography. Patent foramen ovale was ruled out. Lactic acid concentrations were measured after anaerobic exercise of the forearm, and a morphological, biochemical, and molecular study after biceps muscle biopsy was performed. Results — Of the 18 patients so far included, 3 (17%) presented lactic acid hyperproduction after physical exercise, and 6 (33%) showed deficit of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. The molecular analyses have confirmed mitochondrial mutations at base pairs 3243 (characteristic of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes [MELAS]), 4216, and 15 928. Conclusions — These results suggest that ischemic stroke may be the only manifestation or the initial manifestation of a mitochondrial disorder.

The aim of this study was to analyze the mutation pattern causing hemophilia A in a population from Southern Spain. Mutation analysis identified the mutation in 99 of the 109 unrelated patients enrolled in the Hemophilia Registry from Andalusia. About 54% of non-inversion mutations identified were previously unreported.

Objectives: To determine whether the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) A4336G mutation represents a risk factor for Spanish patients with both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Material and Methods: One hundred and sixty-one AD and 106 PD unrelated patients were included in the study. Seventy-eight age-matched and 144 randomly chosen healthy subjects served as controls. The frequency of the A4336G mutation in these groups was compared using the χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests. p < 0.05 was established as a statistically significant differential value. Results: The mtDNA A4336G mutation was present in 1/161 of AD patients (0.6%), in 3/106 of PD patients (2.8%), in 1/78 of age-matched controls (1.3%) and in 2/144 of the randomly chosen controls (1.4%). These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results do not support the hypothesis that this mutation represents a risk factor for either AD or PD patients, at least in the case of this Spanish sample.