Search

Anaerobic digestion to obtain biogas is considered a technology for producing energy from a wide variety of waste and byproducts of industrial processes. This research is aim to determine the production potential of biomethane generated through the anaerobic co-digestion of the distillery stillage and filter cake as a mixture product to increase the energy potential. Continuous operating equipment was chosen, for which up flow anaerobic reactors (UASB) were selected. The pre-treatment of the filter cake was established through the simultaneous use of alkaline and thermal treatment, an aspect without precedent in specialized literature and considered a contribution to research. A post-treatment stage was designed to increase the specific production of biogas, which constitutes a contribution to the design this kind of facilities in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large pig farms generate enormous volumes of wastewater without proper treatment before discharge. High-rate anaerobic reactors as the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) are rarely reported for that purpose. In this study, an EGSB reactor with Cuban natural zeolite addition was evaluated for treating piggery wastewaters at lab scale. This study was conducted at different organic loading rate (OLR) ranging from 0.32 to 6.13 gCOD/Ld with a constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h. The evolution of several control and operational parameters as the soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) demonstrated a proper bioreactor performance to treat piggery wastewater. The results showed that the addition of natural zeolite at 40 gzeo/Lreactor in EGSB reactor results in COD efficiencies over 70%, despite of the fluctuations of fed wastewater characteristics. The kinetic study demonstrates that, the modified Stover-Kincannon model was found to be appropriate for EGSB reactor. The effluent soluble COD was predicted with high determination coefficient. The maximum removal rate constant (Umax) and saturation value constant (KB) were reported for a first time for the EGSB reactor with values of 10.2 and 11.8 gCOD/Ld, respectively. Methane yield for both, batch and continues experiments, were in the range from 214.5 to 299.8 mLCH4/gCOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Armenian Journal of Physics is the property of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, a pilot-scale plug flow reactor has been operated at a hydraulic retention time of 30 d with substrate concentration of total solids (7-10 %) under room temperature ranging from 25-38 °C with a working volume of 1.44*10-3 m³ during 186 days. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was 66.9 % operating at 1.7 kgVS/m³d. Moreover, the alkalinity to total inorganic carbon rated 0.31 being considered a proper value for the operational control of the reactor. In addition, 65.1 % of Total Volatile Solids removal was attained. The specific biogas and methane yields were up to 0.22 m³/kg VS, 0.25 m³/kg VS, respectively. Longterm operation in a pilot scale demonstrated the technological potential and industrial application of cattle manure treatment for biogas production as a circular economy contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, there has been a notable increase in the world production of synthesis gas from biomass gasification; this process constitutes a way for energy utilization from the thermochemical conversion of forest residues. The objective was to carry out an energy analysis using a residual forest biomass gasification system at the Las Terrazas eco-tourist complex in order to obtain useful energy. A model was developed in the SuperPro Designer software for the gasification of this type of biomass resource, which allows for predicting the evolution of the composition of the lean gas as a function of temperature and the elemental composition of the forest biomass. For the gas produced by gasification, a calorific value of 5.87 MJ/m3 is obtained. In the power block, consisting of a gas turbine with a coupled electric generator, electricity generation is achieved with a capacity to generate. With the waste heat from the turbine's exhaust gases, it is proposed to generate 0.5 kg/s as steam for cooking food and for the sanitary water system of various service facilities of the eco-tourist complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an estimation was made of the potential for energy generation with biomass resources from the area, and a system of sustainability indicators was proposed to evaluate the contribution of the use of biomass resources to the eco-tourism complex Las Terrazas. It was confirmed that the most important biomass wastes are from pigs, which produce 3 m3 biogas/day, and forestry wastes from the mountains. In a total of 5 201 ha with forest resources, a residual biomass potential of 4 524,87 t/year was estimated, which corresponds to a usable energy potential of 9,52 GWh/year. A system of biophysical indicators was proposed that can express the level of sustainability that the settlement could reach from the best use of the available biomass resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of pork production in the world favors the excessive generation of manures, so that anaerobic digestion plays an important role as a technology for the treatment of these wastes. The literature shows that in the world, in the last years, the application of high load technologies for the treatment of wastes generated by the pig breeding has increased. In contrast, the anaerobic biodigesters used in Cuban pig breeding currently use high hydraulic retention times and low volumetric organic loads. This involves the use of reactors with high volumes, which lead to huge investments for the treatment of these wastes, which makes these technologies inefficient. It is necessary, from a scientific perspective, to examine the technologies that are used today in the world and to develop researches that allow the fulfillment of the established in the Cuban standards in force on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to select the required equipment among the set of available, to satisfy the energy demand of a territory, optimizing a commitment between investment and operation costs and polluting to the atmosphere emissions. For the solution of the problem, a decomposition scheme that include a multiple criteria linear programming task, at the higher level, and integer programming optimization subtasks at the lower level is applied. For solving the last ones an algorithm of the Integration of Variables methods applied. These tasks are solved using the real data from the municipality of Ganda, Benguela, Angola, determining the basic facilities, among the available, that should be acquired and in the areas of the territory where each installation should be installed. It was demonstrated that the problem of optimal selection of energy equipment in isolated regions can be solved by the methods used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]