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Background: A preliminary investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of the addition of pulps of feijoa, uvaia, and blackberry on the aliphatic organic acids (AOA) profile and on the yeast activity during the fermentation of meads. Results: A multivariate analysis showed a clear distinction between the samples. The addition of pulps promoted a noticeable increase in malic, lactic, and succinic acids throughout fermentation. Furthermore, these additions resulted in beverages with lower levels of acetic acid. Gluconic acid was predominant in all samples. The mead containing feijoa showed high levels of citric acid. The meads containing blackberry and uvaia reached maximum yeast activity in the first 3 days of fermentation while the control sample and the mead with feijoa showed their highest activity after 7 days. Conclusion: The use of the feijoa, uvaia, and blackberry in mead can represent a good natural source of AOA, thereby improving its fermentative process, besides being an alternative for the valuation of underexploited species of Brazilian fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims analyzes the volatility and transmission of international milk prices to the prices in the main Brazilian markets. In theory, the integration between interacting markets suggests that one or more markets tend to lead the other markets when there are price fluctuations. This work investigates the premise of price transmission from the major milk producing countries/exporting conglomerates (the European Union, New Zealand, the USA, Argentina and Uruguay) to the main Brazilian markets, in the period 2012 to 2017. This analysis included the cointegration test, which allowed us to verify the hypothesis of equilibrium of the long-term relationship between milk prices in the international and Brazilian markets, and breakdown of analysis of variance, which enabled us to evaluate the relative participation of fluctuations in milk prices in the international markets in the price fluctuations of the main Brazilian markets. The results show that a potential shock in the international dairy market is effectively transmitted to the Brazilian markets, which persists in the long term, in a relationship of balance. It was concluded that over the six-month period studied, about a quarter of milk price fluctuations in the main Brazilian markets were caused by changes in the prices of the main international dairy markets, particularly those of Uruguay, New Zealand and the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Background: the dietary pattern that characterizes western diet is strongly associated with metabolic diseases and excess weight, as well as chronic illnesses. Misaligned feeding schedules can lead to or aggravate the development of such conditions. Aim: this study evaluated the influence of dietary composition and/or time-restricted feeding on the anthropometric and biochemical profile of adult rats. Methods: forty male rats, at 60 days of life, were divided into the following groups: Control (C), Restricted Control (RC), Westernized (W), and Restricted Westernized (RW). Results: westernized groups, in spite of a low energy intake (C = 5399 ± 401.2 kcal; RC = 4279.0 ± 476.2 kcal; W = 4302 ± 619.8 kcal; RW = 4081.0 ± 404.4 kcal, p < 0.001), had a higher body weight (C = 404.6 ± 39.1 g; RC = 335.1 ± 36.5 g; W = 488.9 ± 51.2 g; RW = 438.8 ± 36.5 g, p < 0.001) as compared to their paired controls (RC and C) - around 30 % and 20 % more for RW and W, respectively. The westernized diet caused glucose intolerance and mixed hyperlipidemia, characterized by higher concentrations of cholesterol (C = 40.8 ± 7.4 mg/dL; RC = 76.7 ± 10.8 mg/dL; W = 61.3 ± 20.2 mg/dL; RW = 42.2 ± 8.2 mg/dL), LDLc (C = 17.4 ± 7.5 mg/dL; RC = 38.8 ± 7.2 mg/dL ; W = 45.3 ± 15.8 mg/dL; RW = 11.0 ± 5.8 mg/dL), and triacylglycerol (C = 45.2 ± 15.0 mg/dL; RC = 73.2 ± 21.5 mg/dL ; W = 83.6 ± 23.4 mg/dL; RW = 57.5 ± 13.6 mg/dL) in the serum (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the effect of time-restricted feeding on body weight was strongly dependent on diet composition. The glucose tolerance test showed an influence of the circadian cycle phase. Mixed hyperlipidemia varied according to the presence of westernized diet and/or time-restricted food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil is a large country with high biodiversity in its different regions. However, species of native fruits widely reported in the southern Brazil have not been properly explored so far, remaining underutilized by the food industry. This study evaluated the polyphenolic profile, as well as the composition of organic acids and sugars of the pulps of the feijoa, and the uvaia from southern brazilian highlands. The uvaia pulp showed the highest total polyphenol content and the highest antioxidant capacity by the methods used. The polyphenol (+)-catechin (6.54 mg 100g-1) was the major phenolic compound in uvaia pulp, which has not yet been reported in the literature for fruits of other regions. In addition, the feijoa pulp stood out for the presence of (-)-epicatechin (18.29 mg 100g-1). The pulps of native fruits in this study only quantified values for citric and malic acids. Malic acid (553.00 mg 100g-1) was the main acid in the uvaia pulp, and citric acid (455.60 mg 100g-1) was the main acid in the feijoa pulp. It is possible to note that the feijoa pulp showed the highest total sugar content (11.14 g 100g-1) and was the only pulp that contained sucrose. The uvaia pulp, conversely, showed fructose (3.10 g 100g-1) as the main sugar. The results obtained in this study contributed to the valuation and conservation of the species investigated, representing a promising alternative for the use of these native fruits in the development of new products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sarcopenia is defined as a geriatric syndrome, multifactorial, characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength and associated with serious consequences, such as comorbidities, poor quality of life and mortality. Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in elderly assisted outpatients. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study with elderly patients of both sexes assisted in geriatric outpatient clinic between June and Decem- ber 2014. Sarcopenia was determined by muscle (calf circumference < 31 cm), muscle strength (measured by grip strength palmar < 30 kg for men and < 20 kg for women) and gait speed (< 0.8 meters/second). Among the association of variables, socioeconomic and demographic, clinical, lifestyle and anthropometry were considered. The tabulation and analysis were performed using the statistical package SPSS version 13.0. Results: The sample consisted of 50 patients with a mean age of 73.9 (± 7.4) years, in which 18% prevalence of sarcopenia was observed. Sarcopenia was more prevalent in patients aged ≥ 80 years (p = 0.012), in the elderly with low weight according to BMI (p < 0.001), with malnutrition according to CB (p = 0.004) and in patients without hypertension (p = 0.027), and there was no association with socioeconomic, clinical and lifestyle. Conclusions: The prevalence of sarcopenia was significant and similar to that described by other authors, being in association with advancing age, malnutrition and lack of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled: Pressure ulcer (PU) is a lesion in the skin and/or underlying tissue, usually over bony prominences caused by pressure and / or shear associated. Although preventable, is still very prevalent, and pointed out that multiple factors are involved in its etiology.Objective: to identify the incidence of pressure ulcers, clinical and nutritional factors associated in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unity (ICU) of a university hospital.Methods: a prospective, observational study, with patients admitted to an ICU from June to November 2014. The UP was determined by inspection body three times a week during the morning bath, based on the characteristics established by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 2014. We collected demographic, clinical, biochemical and nutritional. The Braden Scale was used to verify individuals at risk of PU development.Results: the sample consisted of 51 patients with a mean age of 57.7 (± 16.4) years. There was an incidence of UP 52.9%, and the factors associated with its development were: use of vasoactive drugs (p = 0.029), length of hospital stay > 10 days (p ≤ 0.001) and absence of anemia (p = 0.011).Conclusion: the high incidence of UP highlights the vulnerability of patients in intensive care. Although characterized by being a multifactorial condition only the use of vasoactive drugs, length of hospital stay and the absence of anemia were associated with the appearance of refs. Nutritional and clinical factors often related to trauma were not associated with their development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leishmaniasis is a zoonoses caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the Leishmania genus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of previously infected phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera:Psychodidae:Phlebotominae). In Brazil, 2 types of leishmaniasis are endemic, tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In Baldim, a municipality in the Espinhaço Range Biospere Reserve (ERBR), 5 autochthonous cases of TL, and one autochthonous case of VL were reported from 2017 to 2022. Owing to the lack of data on entomological fauna, we surveyed the occurrence and distribution of phlebotomine sandflies that could act as Leishmania vectors, as well as natural Leishmania infection. During 1 year, 918 sandfly specimens belonging to 12 species were collected. The predominant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (32.0%), a proven VL agent, followed by Evandromyia evandroi (Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936) (20.7%), Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes, 1923) (17.0%), Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (12.2%), and Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (10.5%), all putative or proven TL agents. Seasonal fluctuations and endo-exophilic behavior were delineated for the main phlebotomine sandflies. The population of Lu. longipalpis was higher during the coolest and driest months, although different profiles were noted for the other species. Natural Leishmania infection was not detected in any of the 197 phlebotomine sandfly females analyzed. The results were compared with those previously obtained in other municipalities belonging to the ERBR. The presence of Leishmania vectors and human cases of leishmaniasis indicate a risk of Leishmania transmission in the region., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Introducción: la sarcopenia se define como un síndrome geriátrico, multifactorial, caracterizado por la pérdida progresiva de masa muscular esquelética, asociada a consecuencias graves, tales como comorbideces, mala calidad de vida y mortandad. Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la sarcopenia en ancianos atendidos ambulatoriamente. Métodos: estudio transversal y observacional realizado con pacientes ancianos de ambos sexos atendidos en ambulatorio geriátrico, entre junio y diciembre de 2014, en un hospital universitario ubicado en el nordeste brasileño. Se determinó la sarcopenia a través de la masa muscular (circunferencia de la pantorrilla < 31 cm), fuerza muscular (evaluada por la fuerza de prensión palmar < 30 kg para hombres y < 20 kg para mujeres) y velocidad de marcha (< 0,8 metros/segundo). Entre las variables de asociación, se consideraron aspectos socioeconómicos y demográficos, variables clínicas, estilo de vida y antropometría. La tabulación y análisis de los datos se realizaron por medio del paquete estadístico SPSS versión 13.0. Resultados: la muestra se compuso de 50 pacientes, con promedio de edad de 73,9 (± 7,4) años, en la que se verificó una prevalencia de sarcopenia del 18%. La sarcopenia fue más prevalente en individuos con edad ≥ 80 años (p = 0,012), en los ancianos con bajo peso según el IMC (p < 0,001), con desnutrición de acuerdo con la CB (p = 0,004) y en los pacientes sin hipertensión arterial (p = 0,027), no encontrándose asociación con variables socioeconómicas, clínicas y del estilo de vida. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de la sarcopenia fue significativa y semejante a la descrita por otros autores, encontrándose asociación con la edad avanzada, desnutrición y ausencia de hipertensión.

Unlabelled: Pressure ulcer (PU) is a lesion in the skin and/or underlying tissue, usually over bony prominences caused by pressure and / or shear associated. Although preventable, is still very prevalent, and pointed out that multiple factors are involved in its etiology., Objective: to identify the incidence of pressure ulcers, clinical and nutritional factors associated in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unity (ICU) of a university hospital., Methods: a prospective, observational study, with patients admitted to an ICU from June to November 2014. The UP was determined by inspection body three times a week during the morning bath, based on the characteristics established by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 2014. We collected demographic, clinical, biochemical and nutritional. The Braden Scale was used to verify individuals at risk of PU development., Results: the sample consisted of 51 patients with a mean age of 57.7 (± 16.4) years. There was an incidence of UP 52.9%, and the factors associated with its development were: use of vasoactive drugs (p = 0.029), length of hospital stay > 10 days (p ≤ 0.001) and absence of anemia (p = 0.011)., Conclusion: the high incidence of UP highlights the vulnerability of patients in intensive care. Although characterized by being a multifactorial condition only the use of vasoactive drugs, length of hospital stay and the absence of anemia were associated with the appearance of refs. Nutritional and clinical factors often related to trauma were not associated with their development., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)