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This dataset contains the data and figures associated with the publication “Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean: Social Protection and Quality of Life of Older Person”.

In this report, we analyze older persons quality of life in Latin America and the Caribbean, its relationship with social protection policies, and how these policies must adapt to respond to population aging. We create a measure of quality of life of older persons which combines healthy life expectancy and income security. For the purposes of this report, we define older persons social protection as the combination of pensions, healthcare, and long-term care. These policies have a direct relationship with older persons quality of life. Pensions reduce old-age poverty. Healthcare improves older persons health status and reduces the risk of poverty due to catastrophic medical expenses. Long-term care improves the wellbeing of care dependent persons and their family caregivers. These positive impacts of older persons social protection are documented in a wide body of literature. For each type of policy, we assess the level of coverage, the quality of the benefits they provide, as well as their current and future sustainability, both from a fiscal and from a social perspective.

El Laboratorio de Seguridad Social Digital del Grupo BID y la plataforma de movilidad Beat se asociaron para identificar soluciones innovadoras para los trabajadores que utilizan plataformas digitales como alternativa ocupacional. Esta alianza inició con la realización de una encuesta a más de 4500 usuarios conductores de Beat en Chile, Colombia, México y Perú con el objetivo de conocer mejor sus perfiles, su uso general de las aplicaciones de movilidad para generar ingresos, su salud, su comportamiento financiero y su cobertura de seguridad social. Los resultados de la encuesta, realizada en junio de 2021, muestran que los usuarios conductores tienen conocimiento, acceso e intención de ahorrar, y, sin embargo, la mayoría reporta baja resiliencia financiera, tanto en el mediano plazo como hacia el retiro. Esta información es crucial como un paso inicial para identificar nuevos productos de aseguramiento, cuyo diseño facilite la inclusi

El presente documento recopila las memorias del “Primer diálogo regional de política” de industrias culturales y creativas con enfoque intersectorial, con el propósito de reunir las experiencias y las mejores prácticas disponibles del sector público y privado. Las discusiones giraron en torno a 4 ejes temáticos: Estrategias de desarrollo urbano y local a través de la cultura y la creatividad; Acciones para fortalecer la competitividad del sector creativo a través de la digitalización; Oportunidades para los trabajadores independientes de los sectores creativos; Mecanismos financieros para fomentar la economía creativa.

Este documento presenta los hallazgos, lecciones y retos del Laboratorio de Ahorro para el Retiro (Laboratorio) de diversas intervenciones piloto para impulsar el ahorro voluntario previsional de trabajadores independientes y de bajos ingresos en Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Las intervenciones fueron implementadas durante cuatro años utilizando diversas herramientas basadas en la economía del comportamiento y apoyadas por las posibilidades ofrecidas por nuevas tecnologías. Las cuatro lecciones principales que se obtuvieron son: (1) Las soluciones vinculadas a una fuente de ingreso tienen un impacto destacado en la generación de ahorro voluntario, pero su escalamiento a la población de trabajadores de bajos ingresos tiene muchos desafíos; (2) Los recordatorios para ahorrar son fáciles de escalar y costo-efectivos, aunque no siempre funcionan y tienen un impacto limitado; (3) Facilitar el ahorro debe acompañarse de una mejor educación financiera y previsional; (4) Apostar por el ahorro voluntario para el retiro necesita un liderazgo institucional que permita superar las barreras regulatorias, tecnológicas y las fallas de mercado que dificultan la puesta en práctica de soluciones de ahorro escalables y efectivas. Finalmente, el documento ofrece una perspectiva sobre cómo avanzar hacia un pilar de ahorro voluntario para toda la población adulta generando un entorno regulatorio favorable, diseñando productos financieros inclusivos y asegurando que la tecnología alcance a más personas para ofrecer canales de ahorro sencillos y accesibles.

Simplified tax regimes reduce both tax rates and compliance costs for small firms. On the one hand, these regimes increase the number of businesses formally registered and have the potential of also expanding the safety net when they subsidize the contributions to social security of workers in micro firms. On the other hand, they likely incentivize tax evasion due to the discontinuities in the tax schedule they introduce, and distort several micro-level margins, distortions which potentially accumulate into lower levels of aggregate productivity and GDP. In this paper, we exploit data from household surveys and administrative records for Peru, Brazil, and Mexico to examine the likely effects of special regimes on tax revenues, social protection, and resource misallocation. We find bunching of firms around the eligibility threshold of various tax regimes in Peru. This can be due to misreporting to tax authorities or to firms limiting their size to enjoy the benefits of the special tax regimes. In Brazil, we document how the introduction of a special tax regime benefiting the self-employed might have generated incentives for workers to register as entrepreneurs. Finally, in Mexico we find suggesting evidence showing how the introduction of a new special tax regime for small businesses in 2014 might have led to an increase in the number of employers contributing to the social security of their employees and in the number of self-employed making voluntary contributions to social protection. In all these instances we do not quantify exact causal effects, but we present instead descriptive evidence undoubtedly helpful to direct future research.

Mexico es un pais geograficamente privilegiado, no solamente por las ventajas que supone su ubicacion, sino por la gran diversidad de recursos naturales que posee. En las ultimas dos decadas, el pais ha logrado estabilidad economica y una amplia apertura comercial. No obstante, el crecimiento no ha sido suficiente para generar mayores niveles de bienestar para sus habitantes. BIDeconomics Mexico es el resultado de una larga tarea de estudios, trabajos analiticos y de apoyo a diferentes politicas realizada por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo en el pais, con el fin de encontrar aquellos elementos que brinden las bases idoneas para el diseno de mejores politicas publicas. La meta: contribuir a cerrar los caminos divergentes sociales y economicos que se han producido y servir como un vehiculo para converger hacia los niveles de vida que un pais con los recursos naturales, fisicos y humanos como Mexico debe aspirar.

During the last decade the Inter-American Development Bank has invested heavily in promoting impact evaluation as a tool to assess its effectiveness. In favoring the use of IE, the Bank’s intention has been to promote more effective interventions. The introduction of the Development Effectiveness Matrix (DEM), the first Bankwide effort to promote more evaluable projects, has strongly incentivized the production and use of IEs. The DEM includes a series of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) requirements, and operations are rated according to their compliance with these requirements. This evolution has happened in the context of an overall cultural shift toward evaluation and more rigorous analysis, which were key components of the Ninth General Capital Increase and of the New Institutional Strategy. It is in this context that OVE assessed the production and use of IEs in IDB public sector operations, seeking to take stock and reflect on what this effort has brought to the Bank, what the cost has been, and what direction the Bank should take in the coming years.

The objective of the evaluation is to analyze the production, use and influence of the Impact Evaluations (IE) included in IDB loan, technical cooperation (TC), and economic and sector work (ESW) operations approved between 2006 and 2016. OVE will analyze not only the production of IEs and the system in place for this purpose, but also the use and influence of the completed evaluations. OVE will also take into consideration the evolution of the IE proposed over time, by analyzing the proposals included in the loan documents, TCs and ESWs.

Many countries are moving from employer-based to universal health coverage, which can generate crowd out. In Mexico, Seguro Popular provides public health coverage to the uninsured. Using the gradual roll-out of the system at the municipality level, we estimate that Seguro Popular had no effect on informality in the overall population. Informality did increase by 1.7% for less educated workers, but the wage gains for workers who switch between the formal and the informal sector were not significantly affected. This suggests that marginal workers do not choose between formal and informal jobs on the basis of health insurance coverage.

This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) for Guatemala covers the period 2012-2016. It is the fourth occasion on which OVE has evaluated the Bank's program with the country. The previous evaluations covered the periods 1993-2003 (document RE-304-2), 2004-2007 (document RE-352), and 2008-2011 (document RE-404). In the context of the 2016 merger of the Bank's private sector windows (the Structured and Corporate Financing Department and the Opportunities for the Majority Sector) with the Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC), OVE has also been given the mandate of evaluating all operations financed by the IIC. This evaluation looks at the IDB Group's relationship with the country from an independent perspective, with particular reference to the relevance and effectiveness of the program. The evaluation is organized into four chapters, plus annexes. Chapter I assesses the general context of the country. Chapter II provides a general analysis of the Bank's program in 2012-2016, with particular reference to the relevance of the country strategy and the program as actually implemented. Chapter III analyzes, from a sector perspective, the implementation, effectiveness, and sustainability of the operations, and of progress toward the strategic objectives proposed by the Bank in its country strategy. Chapter IV presents conclusions and recommendations.

This country program evaluation (CPE) for Peru covers the period 2012-2016, during which the Bank's work was guided by the country strategy with Peru (2012-2016) (document GN-2668). This CPE represents the fourth time the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) has conducted an independent evaluation of the Bank's country program with Peru. The previous evaluations covered the periods 1990-2000 (document RE-262), 2002-2006 (document RE-330), and 2007-2011 (document RE-403-2). The evaluation looks at the country strategy with Peru (2012-2016) and the operations active during that span of time, as well as the Bank's nonfinancial support to Peru during the strategy period. Information was gathered from Bank documents, Peruvian government data and documents, and independent analysis and research papers, as well as from interviews with Peruvian government officials, representatives of Peruvian academia, civil society and the private sector, and Bank staff.

As part of its 2015-2016 annual work plan, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) prepared the Bank's country program evaluation (CPE) with Argentina for the 2009-2015 period. This CPE is OVE's third independent evaluation of the IDB's country program with Argentina. The first (document RE-299) covered the 1990-2002 period and focused on analyzing Bank support prior to and during the 2001-2002 crisis. The second OVE evaluation (document RE-361) covered support during the Argentine economy's strong recovery in the post-crisis period (2003-2008). The 2009-2015 CPE evaluates the Bank's program with the country over the period subsequent to the 2009 international crisis, which was guided by the 2012-2015 strategy (document GN-2687) and updates to the 2004-2008 strategy (document GN-2328) over the 2009-2011 period. This CPE seeks to analyze the Bank's relationship with the country, taking an independent view and assessing, in particular, the program's relevance and effectiveness, including both financial and nonfinancial products offered by the Bank during the period under analysis. This evaluation is intended as an input for the new country strategy document that the Bank is preparing.

As part of its 2016 work plan, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) is preparing the country program evaluation (CPE) for Guatemala covering the 2012-2016 period. This approach paper establishes the scope of the evaluation. This CPE is OVE's fourth evaluation of the program with Guatemala.

As part of its 2016 work plan, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight is preparing the Country Program Evaluation (CPE) for Peru for the period from June 2012 to June 2016. This document sets out the approach, scope, and methodology for the CPE. This will be the first CPE to include operations approved by the InterAmerican Investment Corporation (IIC). Since the merge-out of the Structured and Corporate Financing Department (SCF), the Opportunities for the Majority Sector (OMJ), and the IIC in January 2016, OVE has received the mandate to evaluate all operations financed by the IIC.1 Therefore, in addition to the operations approved for the SCF and the OMJ (as is customary), this CPE will include all those approved by the IIC during the review period.

El presente documento forma parte de las evaluaciones comparativas que realiza la Oficina de Evaluacion y Supervision sobre proyectos financiados por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). En ella se analiza el apoyo proporcionado por el BID a la ejecucion de programas de transferencias monetarias condicionadas (TMC) en tres paises de ingreso medio-bajo. Esta evaluacion es pertinente por dos razones. En primer lugar, la mayoria de los prestamos y operaciones de cooperacion tecnica del BID en apoyo de programas de TMC han financiado iniciativas en paises de mediano ingreso por lo que el conocimiento y los documentos de los programas de TMC que apoya el BID suelen referirse a paises que poseen sistemas de salud y educacion mas avanzados; esta evaluacion tiene por finalidad aportar mayor informacion empirica sobre la implementacion de programas de este tipo en paises de ingreso medio-bajo. En segundo lugar, la ejecucion satisfactoria de programas de TMC exige un alto grado de capacidad institucional y cooperacion entre las agencias que participan en su implementacion. Estas exigencias institucionales han fundamentado las criticas de algunos especialistas sobre la relevancia de los programas de TMC en paises de ingreso bajo, teniendo en cuenta la complejidad de su diseno institucional y, en algunos casos, la deficiente provision de servicios basicos en esos paises. Esta evaluacion examina dichas consideraciones para los programas seleccionados.

This document presents the results of the IDB Country Program Evaluation (CPE) with Bolivia for the 2011-2015 period. It is the third independent evaluation of the IDB's program with Bolivia. The first CPE covered the 2004-2007 period, which was marked by a process of political transition. This culminated in the victory of Movimiento al Socialismo [Movement to Socialism] (MAS) in the 2005 elections and the accession of Evo Morales to the presidency in 2006. The second CPE covered the 2008-2010 period, which was characterized by profound institutional changes following enactment of the new Bolivian Constitution. This CPE (2011-2015) evaluates the IDB's program with the Government of Bolivia for the 2011-2015 period. The IDB's strategy with Bolivia falls within the framework of the 2010-2015 Government Plan, which is organized around four strategic pillars: Bolivia Democratica [Democratic Bolivia], Bolivia Productiva [Productive Bolivia], Bolivia Digna [Dignified Bolivia], and Bolivia Soberana [Sovereign Bolivia]. The evaluation was conducted in accordance with OVE's mandate (RE-238) and the Protocol for Country Program Evaluation (RE-348-2). Its main objectives are to facilitate accountability and identify lessons learned that can improve the Bank's future program. The report is organized into four chapters. Annex I analyzes the country context in which the IDB's program was developed, including the political, economic, and social contexts. Chapter II analyzes the financial relevance of the program and its operational portfolio during the 2011-2015 period. This chapter also includes an analysis of efficiency in program implementation. Chapter III analyzes the relevance of the models of intervention set out in the country strategy, and the sector outcomes of the portfolio, with emphasis on sustainability. Lastly, Chapter IV presents conclusions and recommendations. The Sector Annexes present complete information regarding trends in the sectors prioritized by the IDB in the country strategy, as well as sector challenges during the evaluation period and the relevance of IDB action in each sector. Annex I analyses the loan and technical cooperation portfolios, the main implementation issues, and portfolio outcomes. Two supplementary technical studies were carried out: a macroeconomic and public finance report (Annex II) and a report on the decentralization process and the trends of unmet basic needs index at the subnational level (Annex XI).

Este documento define el alcance y la metodologia para la Evaluacion del Programa de Pais del BID con el Gobierno de Argentina (CPE, por sus siglas en ingles) para el periodo 2009-2015. En este contexto, el CPE buscara analizar, con una vision independiente e integral, la relacion del Banco con el pais, en particular, la relevancia, eficiencia, efectividad y sostenibilidad del programa, incluidos tanto los productos financieros como los no-financieros ofrecidos por el Banco durante el periodo bajo analisis. Tal como establece el protocolo, este ejercicio se realiza como uno de los insumos para el proceso de preparacion de la nueva Estrategia de Pais con Argentina, 2016-2019.

El presente informe expone la evolucion mas reciente observada en el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID o el Banco) en cuanto a la medicion del desempeno de los proyectos, con el doble proposito de: examinar el diseno general de los sistemas del nuevo Informe de Terminacion del Proyecto (PCR) para las operaciones del sector publico, y del Informe Ampliado de Supervision de Proyectos (XPSR) para las operaciones del sector privado, y evaluar los informes mas recientes sobre el desempeno de los proyectos elaborados por la Administracion. En el ambito del sector publico, el informe examina 13 PCR en fase piloto preparados conforme a las nuevas directrices y finalizados por la Administracion en 2014. En el ambito del sector privado, el informe presenta la validacion del conjunto de XPSR de 2012 que fueron elaborados conforme a los lineamientos existentes.

En este documento se presenta una evaluacion de la Oficina de Evaluacion y Supervision (OVE) del Programa de Pais del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID o el Banco) con Colombia durante el periodo 2011-2014. De acuerdo con el Protocolo para las Evaluaciones de los Programas de Pais (documento RE-348-3) del Banco, la principal funcion de estas evaluaciones es "proporcionar informacion sobre el desempeno del Banco a nivel de pais que sea creible y util y que permita incorporar lecciones y recomendaciones a fin de aumentar la efectividad en el desarrollo de la estrategia y el programa generales de la asistencia del Banco a un pais". Al igual que en otras evaluaciones de programas de pais, se examina el apoyo del Banco al pais con dos finalidades: fortalecer la rendicion de cuentas y facilitar el aprendizaje.