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Targeting neovessels in chronic tendinopathies has emerged as a new therapeutic approach and several embolization agents have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of embolization with different agents in a porcine model of patellar tendinopathy and evaluate their safety and efficacy. Eight 3-month-old male piglets underwent percutaneous injection of collagenase type I to induce patellar tendinopathies (n = 16 tendons). They were divided into four groups (2 piglets, 4 tendons/group): the control group, 50–100 µm microspheres group, 100–300 µm microspheres group, and the Imipenem/Cilastatin (IMP/CS) group. Angiography and embolization were performed for each patellar tendon on day 7 (D7). The neovessels were evaluated visually with an angiography on day 14. The pathological analysis assessed the efficacy (Bonar score, number of neovessels/mm2) and safety (off-target persistent cutaneous ischemic modifications and presence of off-target embolization agents). The technical success was 92%, with a failed embolization for one tendon due to an arterial dissection. Neoangiogenesis was significantly less important in the embolized groups compared to the control group angiographies (p = 0.04) but not with respect to histology (Bonar score p = 0.15, neovessels p = 0.07). Off-target cutaneous embolization was more frequently depicted in the histology of the 50–100 µm microspheres group (p = 0.02). Embolization of this animal model with induced patellar tendinopathy was technically feasible with different agents and allowed assessing the safety and efficacy of neovessel destruction. Particles smaller than 100 µm seemed to be associated with more complications.

International audience; NUT carcinoma (NC), formerly known as NUT midline carcinoma, is a rare and very aggressive cancer. It is genetically defined by the presence of acquired chromosomal rearrangement of the NUTM1 (NUclear protein in Testis Midline carcinoma family member 1) gene at chromosome 15q14 with a member of the bromodomain-containing protein (BRD) family gene, usually BRD4. Although primarily reported in the head and neck, and mediastinum locations of younger individuals, it is now established that NC arises in multiple sites in patients of all ages, with no gender predilection. NC is very likely to be underdiagnosed because of a lack of awareness of both clinicians and pathologists on the one hand, and of a nonspecific histological presentation on the other hand. As it is indistinguishable from other poorly differentiated carcinomas, pathologists should consider NC as a differential diagnosis of any poorly differentiated tumour. Diagnosis is now easily made by immunohistochemistry, using a highly sensitive and specific NUT monoclonal antibody. Despite chemo-or chemoradiotherapy, the prognosis of this tumour remains very poor. We report here a series of 3 cases of NC with different clinical and pathological presentations in order to draw attention on some common morphological features that can help clinicians and pathologists to think about this rare entity.

Mechanical ventilation can damage the lungs, a condition called Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI). However, the mechanisms leading to VILI at the microscopic scale remain poorly understood. Here we investigated the within-tidal dynamics of cyclic recruitment/derecruitment (R/D) using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging (PCI), and the relation between R/D and cell infiltration, in a model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in 6 anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated New-Zealand White rabbits. Dynamic PCI was performed at 22.6 µm voxel size, under protective mechanical ventilation [tidal volume: 6 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP): 5 cmH2O]. Videos and quantitative maps of within-tidal R/D showed that injury propagated outwards from non-aerated regions towards adjacent regions where cyclic R/D was present. R/D of peripheral airspaces was both pressure and time-dependent, occurring throughout the respiratory cycle with significant scatter of opening/closing pressures. There was a significant association between R/D and regional lung cellular infiltration (p = 0.04) suggesting that tidal R/D of the lung parenchyma may contribute to regional lung inflammation or capillary-alveolar barrier dysfunction and to the progression of lung injury. PEEP may not fully mitigate this phenomenon even at high levels. Ventilation strategies utilizing the time-dependence of R/D may be helpful in reducing R/D and associated injury.

International audience; Objectives: Bone is a common location for lung cancer metastasis. Clinicians are often reluctant to biopsy bone metastases, as they are known to require a decalcification process that damages nucleic acids, which makes it incompatible with molecular testing. We performed this study to assess the diagnostic performance of histopathology and molecular testing of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous bone biopsies of lytic bone lesions during the initial assessment or during the progression of lung cancer.Materials and methods: This retrospective study included all patients suspected of having or known to have primary lung cancer and CT-guided percutaneous bone biopsies of lytic bone from January 2010 to June 2017. The main judgment criterion was the diagnostic performance of the pathological analysis. Secondary endpoints were the diagnostic performance of molecular testing and incidence of complications.Results: Fifty patients were included. The yield of CT-guided percutaneous bone biopsies for pathological analysis was 100 %, allowing for a diagnosis of certainty in all cases. The percentage of tumor cells in samples was higher than the 20 % threshold in 83.9 % of cases. The yield of molecular analysis was 94.6 %. A mutation was found in 60 % of cases; most frequently in KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) (28.6 %) and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) (14.3 %). The complication rate was 2 %, i.e. a minor undrained pneumothorax.Conclusion: CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of lytic bone is associated with a very low complication rate and high diagnostic performance for histopathology and mutation testing.

An 80-year-old obese female patient, retired nurse, was admitted for progressive dyspnoea and recent onset of atrial fibrillation. Poor quality transthoracic echocardiogram showed an abnormal mitra...

Standard histopathological examination is the gold standard for many disease diagnoses although the technique is limited with no full 3D volume analysis possible. Three dimensional X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging(PCI) methods have been under constant and fast developments in the recent decades due to their superior performance for imaging low density objects and their ability to provide complementary information compared to attenuation based imaging. Despite the progresses, X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography still encounters remaining challenges to overcome on its way to become a routine non-invasive technique allowing the 3D assessment of tissue architecture in laboratory set-ups. Speckle Based Imaging (SBI) forms a new class of X-ray PCI techniques, sensitive to the first derivative of the phase. The set-up involved and the simplicity of implementation provide many advantages to SBI such as having no field of view and no resolution limitation in addition to have low requirements on the beam coherences. These advantages make SBI a good candidate for the transfer on conventional sources. In this work, we present preliminary results obtained on a conventional μCT and their comparison with data acquired at the European Synchrotron. We used a new phase retrieval algorithm based on optical energy conservation. We applied the method on both phantoms and biological samples in order to evaluate its quantitativeness for a transfer. A comparison to previously available speckle tracking algorithms is also performed. We demonstrate that the combination of the phase retrieval method with a standard μCT can achieve high resolution and high contrast within a few minutes, with a comparable image quality to the results obtained using synchrotron light.

Olivier Stephanov: substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, and analysis and interpretation of data; drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published. Yohan Robert : substantial contributions to acquisition of data and analysis and interpretation of data; final approval of the version to be published. Florence De Fraipont substantial contributions to acquisition of data, and analysis and interpretation of data; revising it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.