11 results on '"Olmos Antillón, Gabriela"'
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2. Waiting for markets to change me—High-stakeholders' views of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in pig production in Brazil
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Albernaz-Gonçalves, Rita, primary, Olmos Antillón, Gabriela, additional, and Hötzel, Maria José, additional
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- 2022
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3. A global study to identify a potential basis for policy options when integrating animal welfare into the UN Sustainable Development Goals
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Keeling, Linda J., primary, Marier, Elizabeth A., additional, Olmos Antillón, Gabriela, additional, Blokhuis, Harry J., additional, Staaf Larsson, Birgitta, additional, and Stuardo, Leopoldo, additional
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- 2022
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4. Waiting for markets to change me - High-stakeholders´views of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in pig production in Brazil
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Albernaz-Gonçalves, Rita, Olmos Antillón, Gabriela, and Hötzel, Maria José
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Economics ,Animal and Dairy Science - Abstract
Overuse of veterinary antibiotics is a risk factor for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a global public health emergency. More than 70% of the antibiotics consumed worldwide are used in farm animals, mainly in poultry and pig herds. Brazil is the fourth largest pork producer globally and the second-largest user of antibiotics in animals. Qualitative research can help understand the complexities around antibiotic use (AMU) in Brazilian pig herds and identify stakeholders' attitudes concerning the rational AMU and AMR in the production chain. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of high-level professionals in the animal production chain about AMU and AMR in pig farming, the relationship with pig welfare and AMU in Brazil. We conducted 32 in-depth interviews with individuals active in the pig industry. The majority of the participants considered AMU excessive and inappropriate in pig farms in Brazil. However, attitudes toward a restrictive AMU scenario in Brazilian pig farms were predominantly negative, justified by economic, sanitary and social barriers. These included unsatisfactory management and biosecurity conditions in pig farms that, in their opinion, justify AMU to prevent diseases; issues surrounding prescription and acquisition of veterinary drugs; and employment and income relationships arising from the sale of antibiotics. The views of high-level professionals in the Brazilian livestock chain reveal antibiotics as a structural element that enables pig production. Antibiotics were viewed as essential resources for producing cheap food. Foreign markets were considered the most relevant driver of change in AMU practices rather than pressure from Brazilian consumers. A common belief expressed was that AMR is more associated with the inappropriate AMU in human medicine than in the livestock sector. Resistance to change in these stakeholders may hinder the implementation of future public policies to restrict the use of antibiotics in Brazil. Our findings suggest that successful measures to deal with the AMU/AMR challenges in the pig chain shall not be rooted in personal behavior change. Instead, honest interdisciplinary dialogues and structural changes are needed to define common grounds and a way forward to break the cycle perpetuating antibiotics as structural commodities.
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- 2022
5. Linking Animal Welfare and Antibiotic Use in Pig Farming—A Review
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Albernaz-Gonçalves, Rita, primary, Olmos Antillón, Gabriela, additional, and Hötzel, Maria José, additional
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- 2022
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6. Animal Welfare and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals—Broadening Students’ Perspectives
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Olmos Antillón, Gabriela, primary, Tunón, Håkan, additional, de Oliveira, Daiana, additional, Jones, Michael, additional, Wallenbeck, Anna, additional, Swanson, Janice, additional, Blokhuis, Harry, additional, and Keeling, Linda, additional
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- 2021
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7. Animal Welfare and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
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Keeling, Linda, Tunón, Håkan, Olmos Antillón, Gabriela, Berg, Charlotte, Jones, Mike, Stuardo, Leopoldo, Swanson, Janice, Wallenbeck, Anna, Winckler, Christoph, and Blokhuis, Harry
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synergies ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,conflicts ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Veterinary Science ,sustainable development goals ,sustainability ,animal well-being ,one welfare ,Original Research ,animal welfare - Abstract
This paper systematically evaluates the extent to which achieving the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) is compatible with improving animal welfare. The analyses were based on discussion and independent scoring in a group of 12 participants with academic backgrounds within agricultural or veterinary sciences. We considered all categories of animals; those kept for food production, working and companion animals, but also laboratory and wild animals. The strengths of the links between improving animal welfare and achieving an SDG were scored on a 7-point scale, from being completely indivisible, at one end of the scale, to where it is impossible to reach both the SDG and improved animal welfare at the same time. There was good consensus between participants, with the overall scores being positive, indicating that although animal welfare is not explicitly mentioned in the SDGs, working to achieving the SDGs is compatible with working to improve animal welfare. When analyzing the direction of the links, the impact of achieving an SDG was considered, on average, to be slightly better at leading to improved animal welfare, than the impact of improving animal welfare was on achieving the SDG. The exception to this was for SDG 2, dealing with zero hunger. The two SDGs for which there was strongest mutual reinforcing were SDG 12, which deals with responsible production and consumption, and SDG 14, which deals with life below water. Most of the targets under these two SDGs were considered relevant to animal welfare, whereas when all SDGs were considered, 66 targets of the total of 169 were considered relevant. Although the results of this study suggest a mutually beneficial relationship between improving animal welfare and achieving SDGs, this should be confirmed on a wider group of people, for example people from less developed countries and other stakeholders. Showing the relationships between animal welfare and the sustainable development goals helps highlight the importance of animal welfare when implementing these goals in practice. The methodology described in this study could also be useful to researchers working with other societal and environmental issues not yet considered within the overall SDG framework.
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- 2019
8. Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Organic and Conventional Dairy Herds in Sweden
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Sjöström, Karin, primary, Hickman, Rachel A., additional, Tepper, Viktoria, additional, Olmos Antillón, Gabriela, additional, Järhult, Josef D., additional, Emanuelson, Ulf, additional, Fall, Nils, additional, and Sternberg Lewerin, Susanna, additional
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- 2020
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9. Antibiotic Use in Organic and Non-organic Swedish Dairy Farms: A Comparison of Three Recording Methods
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Olmos Antillón, Gabriela, primary, Sjöström, Karin, additional, Fall, Nils, additional, Sternberg Lewerin, Susanna, additional, and Emanuelson, Ulf, additional
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- 2020
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10. Atitudes de produtores de leite em relação aos fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de claudicação em rebanhos a base de pasto
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Marquette, Gabriela Almeida, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Hötzel, Maria José, and Olmos Antillón, Gabriela
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Agroecossistemas ,Leite ,Bovinos de leite ,Animais - Abstract
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Florianópolis, 2018. A claudicação é uma das condições multifatoriais mais importantes que afeta vacas leiteiras, a qual diminui a produção de leite e bem-estar desses animais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar crenças e atitudes de produtores de leite a respeito de fatores de risco associados com a ocorrência de claudicação, seu tratamento e prevenção, após um programa de benchmarking. Em 2015, 44 propriedades produtoras e leite no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, foram visitadas duas vezes, de março a outubro para coleta de dados de prevalência de claudicação e fatores de risco associados. Em dezembro de 2015 a abordagem do benchmarking foi usada na qual, brevemente, os seus resultados foram apresentados aos produtores, mostrados em comparação com todos as propriedades participantes, e informações sobre os fatores de risco para claudicação que foram identificadas nessas propriedades, a discussão de medidas preventivas relevantes individualmente com cada família. De maio a junho, entrevistas em profundidade foram feitas com 40 destes agricultores. Inicialmente foi perguntado aos produtores que dessem suas impressões da prevalência de claudicação nas suas propriedades, o que eles percebiam como fatores de risco associados, e suas atitudes a respeito de medidas preventivas e curativas. A entrevistadora transcreveu as entrevista e fez uma temática. A maioria dos produtores (n=33) disse que tinha poucas vacas mancas na fazenda, eles declararam que a claudicação como um problema do sistema de free-stall, e alguns comentários sugeriram a dificuldade dos produtores em identificar as vacas claudicantes. A raça das vacas, apresentada durante o benchmarking como um importante fator de risco na região, foi considerada um fator de risco pelos produtores somente depois que a entrevistadora levantou o problema. Os produtores comentaram que as vacas de raça Holandês eram mais suscetíveis a claudicação que as vacas Jersey; porém, eles não expressaram intenções de mudar a raça do rebanho, e mostraram preferências pelas vacas Holandês de alta produção. Nenhum dos produtores considerou a idade das vacas, condição corporal e sobrecrescimento dos cascos como fator de risco para claudicação em seus rebanhos. Isso justifica as crenças, expressa pela maioria dos produtores, que o casqueamento não é necessário nas suas vacas, apesar da maioria considerar isso importante em propriedades com free-stall. A metade dos entrevistados disse ter descartado vacas devido a claudicação, mas as razões principais de descarte eram mastite, idade, problemas reprodutivos e diminuição na produção de leite. Os produtores não comentaram sobre a velocidade de condução dos animais como fator de risco que aumenta a claudicação, apesar de que 15 reconheciam a necessidade de ?tocar? as vacas quando deslocadas para e da sala de ordenha. Além disso, 37 usaram os termos ?preguiçosa? e ?lerda? para descrever vacas claudicantes, vacas velhas que precisavam ser tocadas, e muitos expressaram atitudes negativas e alguns descreveram comportamentos aversivos. A condição dos caminhos (ex. pedras, cascalho, umidade e barro) foi o fator de risco para ocorrência da claudicação mais citado pelos entrevistados (n=17). A maioria dos entrevistados expressou atitudes positivas em relação a melhora dos caminhos, mas apenas cinco relataram ter feito mudanças no último ano. O segundo fator mais citado pelos entrevistados foi a acidose ruminal, causada pelo excesso de proteína na alimentação e pouca forragem. Isso justificou o uso de tamponante como principal medida preventiva para claudicação. Os resultados fornecem evidências de uma cultura prevalente na qual a claudicação não é uma doença importante nas propriedades de leite a base de pasto, o que age como uma barreira para que os produtores identifiquem essa doença e fatores de risco associados que podem levar a medidas de prevenção nas propriedades. Entender essa cultura é importante já que o sucesso de qualquer programa de controle de doenças a nível individual (ex. controle da claudicação na propriedade) depende de um bom entendimento do contexto cultural daquela comunidade que forma e toma medidas e decisões. Abstract : Lameness is one of the most important multifactorial condition affecting dairy cows, which decreases milk production and the welfare of these animals. The objective of the present study was to identify beliefs and attitudes of dairy farmers towards risk factors associated with lameness occurrence, it?s treatment and prevention, after a benchmark intervention. In 2015, 44 pasture based dairy farms in Santa Catarina state, Brazil were visited twice from March to October for data collection on lameness prevalence and associated risk factors. In December 2015 a benchmarking approach was used in which, briefly, farmers were presented their results, shown in comparison with all participant farms, and information about the main risk factors for lameness that had been identified at these farms, and relevant preventive measures were discussed individually with each family. In May-June 2017, in-depth interviews were done with 40 of these farmers. Initially, farmers were asked to give their impressions on the prevalence of lameness in their farms, what they perceived to be associated factors, and their attitudes regarding preventive and curative measures. Interviews? transcriptions and thematic analyses were done by the interviewer. Most farmers (n=33) reported having few lame cows on farm; they dismissed lameness as a problem of the free-stall system, and some comments imply farmers? difficulty to identify lame cows. Cows? breed, presented during the benchmarking as an important risk factor in the region, was considered a risk factor by the farmers only after the interviewer raised the issue. Farmers did comment that Holstein cows were more susceptible to lameness than Jersey cows; however, they expressed no intention to change the breed of the herd, showing a preference for the higher producing Holstein cows. None of the participants considered cows? age, body condition score, or overgrown claws a risk factor for lameness in their herds. This justified beliefs, expressed by the majority of the interviewees, that hoof trimming is not necessary for their cows, though most considered it important for free-stall farms. Half of interviewees reported having culled cows due to lameness, but the main reasons for culling cows were mastitis, age, reproductive problems and decreased milk production. Farmers did not list chasing speed as a factor increasing lameness, although 15 recognised the need to chase the cows when moving to and from the milking parlour. Moreover, 37 used terms such as ?lazy? or ?sluggish? to describe lame, older cows that needed to be pushed, with many expressing negative attitudes and some describing aversive behaviours during the daily management of the herd. The condition of the tracks (e.g., stones, gravel, humidity and mud) was the most common risk factor for lameness occurrence cited by the interviewees (n=17). The majority of the farmers expressed positive attitudes towards improving the tracks, but only five reported having made any changes in the past year. The second most cited factor perceived by farmers (n=14) as associated with lameness was ruminal acidosis caused by feeding excess of protein and low roughage. This justified the identification of buffer salts as a main preventive measure for lameness. Results provide evidence of a prevailing culture where lameness is not an important disease in pasture based farms, which acts as a barrier for individual farmers to recognize this malady and associated risk factors that might trigger preventive behaviour on farm. Understanding this prevailing culture is relevant since the success of any disease control programme at an individual level (i.e. control of lameness on farm) is dependent on a good understanding of the community cultural context that forms and fosters behaviours and decisions.
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- 2018
11. Fatores associados à morbidade, à mortalidade e ao crescimento de bezerras leiteiras lactentes
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Fruscalso, Vilmar, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Hötzel, Maria José, and Olmos Antillón, Gabriela
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Agroecossistemas ,Bezerro ,Animais ,Bovinos de leite - Abstract
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Florianópolis, 2018. A atividade leiteira é de suma importância socioeconômica para milhares de agricultores brasileiros. O sucesso da bovinocultura de leite está diretamente atrelado ao desempenho do sistema de criação da bezerra. O baixo desenvolvimento da bezerra durante a fase de aleitamento pode prejudicar a produtividade da futura vaca e comprometer a sustentabilidade da atividade leiteira nas unidades agropecuárias familiares (UAFs). No Brasil, escassas são as informações sobre morbimortalidade de bezerras leiterias lactentes, o que tem dificultado a elaboração de políticas públicas para o setor. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar a taxa e os fatores associados à morbidade, à mortalidade e ao ganho de peso de bezerras leiteiras lactentes em UAFs do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), além de conhecer as percepções dos agricultores acerca do sistema de criação. Foram avaliados aspectos que envolvem o agricultor, o ambiente e o animal, incluindo o manejo, a nutrição, a sanidade e alojamentos do sistema de criação da bezerra, do nascimento ao desaleitamento. O projeto foi realizado no RS, compondo-se de três estudos. O primeiro avaliou a taxa de mortalidade e fatores associados e teve abrangência estadual, totalizando 1451 respondentes, de 307 municípios do estado. Questionários encaminhados via e-mail aos escritórios municipais da Emater/RS de todas as regiões do estado foram respondidos por agricultores, com auxílio de técnicos colaboradores que posteriormente fizeram o registro online. O segundo estudo avaliou as taxas de morbidade, de mortalidade e de ganho de peso e fatores associados em 70 UAFs, de 27 municípios do norte do RS. As informações foram obtidas ao longo de 12 meses, através de questionário face a face, observação direta do ambiente e dos animais e fichas individuais das bezerras. O terceiro estudo investigou as percepções, atitudes e escolhas dos agricultores sobre o sistema de criação da bezerra, envolvendo 25 entrevistas em profundidade. Nos dois primeiros estudos, a associação das variáveis explicativas com a morbidade e a mortalidade foram analisadas com modelos de regressão logística e com o ganho de peso com modelos lineares. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o Software R. O terceiro estudo caracterizou-se como descritivo-exploratório, utilizando uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. A taxa de mortalidade pré-desaleitamento estadual relatada pelos agricultores foi de 8,5%. Na região norte, as taxas de mortalidade, de morbidade e de ganho de peso foram 6,8%, 29% e 570 g/d, respectivamente. A diarreia foi a principal doença que acometeu as bezerras e também a principal causa da morte. Os principais fatores que se associaram significativamente (p = 0.05) com a mortalidade foram raça do rebanho, acompanhamento do parto, tempo da neonata junto à mãe e sistema de alojamento. A estação de nascimento e a idade ao desaleitamento associaram-se significativamente com a morbidade. Os preditores raça, quantidade de leite, dieta líquida e quantidade de ração associaram-se significativamente com o ganho de peso das bezerras. Conclui-se que as taxas de morbidade e de mortalidade verificadas são semelhantes, e o ganho de peso menor, ao relatado por outros estudos internacionais. A variação na taxa de mortalidade entre as UAFs foi ampla, com a maioria das mortes concentrando-se em poucas UAFs, sugerindo que as mortes ocorrem especialmente devido a qualidade do manejo e que é possível reduzir a mortalidade, melhorando a gestão do sistema de criação da bezerra. As percepções, atitudes e escolhas acerca das estratégias de manejo da bezerra, e da importância da bezerra lactente para atividade leiteira, pareceram ser influenciadas por fatores intrínsecos (autorresponsabilidade, ambição econômica) e extrínsecos (assistência técnica, sucessão familiar, vivências, especialização e comprometimento familiar) aos agricultores. Via de regra, os agricultores não perceberam o bem-estar das bezerras como importante, adotando práticas de manejo exclusivamente em função da praticidade e do resultado econômicos. Em síntese, os resultados da presente pesquisa sugerem que a baixa qualidade dos manejos adotados na criação da bezerra, pelos agricultores gaúchos, pode ajudar a explicar o baixo desempenho produtivo e a inviabilização econômica da atividade leiteira em muitas UAFs do RS. Reduções na mortalidade podem ser obtidas com a capacitação dos agricultores de modo que eles possam ter atitudes positivas em relação à criação da bezerra e adotar manejos que privilegiem a sanidade e o desempenho da bezerra e da futura vaca. Os resultados deste estudo podem ser úteis para futuras comparações entre UAFs, subsidiar extensionistas, consultores e laticínios e orientar programas oficiais de incentivo à atividade leiteira. Este é o primeiro projeto de pesquisa, que temos conhecimento, que avalia a morbimortalidade e o ganho de peso de bezerras leiteiras lactentes no Brasil. Abstract : Dairy production has great socioeconomic importance for thousands of Brazilian farmers. The success of a dairy farm is directly linked to the performance of its heifer rearing system. The low development of the calf during the lactation phase can impair the productivity of the future cow and compromise the sustainability of the family farming unit (FFU). In Brazil, there is scarce information on the morbidity and mortality of lactating dairy heifers, which makes it difficult to formulate public policies to the sector. The objectives of this study were to identify morbidity, mortality weight gain rates of lactating dairy heifers in UAFs in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil and associated factors, as well as understanding the farmers' perceptions regarding heifers rearing systems. We assessed farmer, environment and animal associated aspects including management, nutrition, health and housing of the heifer rearing system, from birth to weaning. The project was carried out in RS and consisted of three studies. The first assessed the mortality rate and associated factors, and had a statewide coverage, totaling 1451 respondents from 307 municipalities in the state. Questionnaires sent by e-mail to the municipal offices of Emater/RS from all regions of the State were answered by farmers, with the help of technical collaborators who later made the online registration. The second study assessed heifers morbidity, mortality and weight gain and associated factors in 70 FFUs, from 27 municipalities in the north of RS. The information was obtained during 12 months, through a face-to-face questionnaire, direct observation of the environment and of the animals and individual records of the calves. The third study investigated farmers' perceptions, attitudes and choices about the heifer rearing system, involving 25 in-depth interviews. In the first two studies, the association of explanatory variables with morbidity and mortality was analyzed using logistic regression models, and weight gain with linear models. All statistical analyses were performed with the Software R. The third study was characterized as descriptive-exploratory and used a quantitative and qualitative approach. The state preweaning mortality rate reported by farmers was 8.5%. In the northern region, mortality, morbidity and weight gain rates were 6.8%, 29% and 570 g/d, respectively. Diarrhea was the main disease affecting the heifers and also the main cause of death. The main factors that were significantly associated (p = 0.5) with mortality were herd breed, birth attendance, the time the neonatal heifer spent with the dam and housing system. Birth season and age at weaning were significantly associated with morbidity. Breed, milk quantity, type of liquid diet and feed amount were predictors significantly associated with calves' weight gain. We conclude that the morbidity and mortality rates identified in this study are similar, and the weight gain is lower than reported in other international studies. The variation in mortality rate among FFUs was broad, with most deaths concentrating on a few FFUs, suggesting that deaths occur especially due to the quality of management and that it is possible to reduce mortality by improving the management of the heifers rearing system. Perceptions, attitudes, and choices about heifer management strategies, and the importance of the suckling calf for milk activity, appeared to be influenced by intrinsic (self-responsibility, economic ambition) and extrinsic factors (technical assistance, family succession, experiences, specialization, and family commitment). As a rule, the farmers did not perceive the well-being of the calves as important, adopting management practices exclusively considering practicality and economic results. In summary, the results of the present study suggest that the low quality of the managements adopted by the farmers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul can help explain the low productive and economic performance of the dairy activity in many FFUs. Mortality reductions may be obtained with the training of farmers to achieve positive attitudes regarding heifers rearing and adoption of management practices that emphasize health and the performance of the heifer and the future cow. The results of this study may be useful for future comparisons between FFUs, subsidizing extensionists, consultants and the dairy industry, and to guide official programs to support milk production. This is the first research project that we are aware of to assess the morbimortality and weight gain of heifer calves in Brazil.
- Published
- 2018
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