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In this article, the author discusses the family tradition of judicial and public service of the father-and-son combination of Edward Fairchild and Thomas Fairchild in Wisconsin history. It mentions that Edward has started the legal profession as the law clerk and then successfully ran for a seat in the Wisconsin State Senate in 1906, in which he served two sessions. It also mentions that Edward was appointed as justice at the Wisconsin Supreme Court.

The article reports the remedies that can be used by the courts in the U.S. to overcome deference to employers in the "essential functions" inquiry as described under the U.S. Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA). Topics discussed include use of exclusionary qualification standard by the government to prevent discrimination with people with disabilities, the "ideal worker" norm under the ADAAA, and history and purpose behind the ADAAA.

As users travel from place to place, they can encounter display servers, that is, machines which supply a collaborative content-sharing environment. Users need a way to control how content is arranged on these display spaces. The software for controlling these display spaces should be consistent from display server to display server. However, display servers could be controlled by institutions which may not allow for the control software to be installed. This article introduces the window broker protocol which allows users to carry familiar control techniques on portable personal devices and use the control technique on any display server without installing the control software on the display server. This article also discusses how the window broker protocol mitigates some security risks that arise from potentially malicious display servers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Users are increasingly nomadic, carrying computing power with them. To gain rich input and output, users could annex displays and input devices when available, but annexing via VGA cable is insufficient. This article introduces XICE, which uses wireless networks to connect portable devices to display servers. Network connections eliminate cables, allow multiple people to share a display, and ease input annexation. XICE mitigates potentially malicious input, and facilitates comfortable viewing on a variety of displays via view-independent coordinates. The XICE-distributed graphics model greatly reduces portable device CPU usage and extends portable device battery life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of robots to autonomously perform tasks is increasing. More autonomy in robots means that the human managing the robot may have available free time. It is desirable to use this free time productively, and a current trend is to use this available free time to manage multiple robots. We present the notion of neglect tolerance as a means for determining how robot autonomy and interface design determine how free time can be used to support multitasking, in general, and multirobot teams, in particular. We use neglect tolerance to 1) identify the maximum number of robots that can be managed; 2) identify feasible configurations of multirobot teams; and 3) predict performance of multi- robot teams under certain independence assumptions. We present a measurement methodology, based on a secondary task paradigm, for obtaining neglect tolerance values that allow a human to balance workload with robot performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the context of a Becker-type consumer's choice model, this paper reports an empirical study of the demand for dental care for approximately 1,000 households. The unique feature of the study is that waiting time and travel time as well as price and other traditional economic variables are entered into the regression analysis. Generally, the results confirm our expectations derived from theory, but elasticities with respect to all of the above-mentioned determinants of demand were small. In addition, some of the subtle predictions of the theory could not be confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis of firm behavior when both money price and time price are determinants of quantity demanded. The importance accorded to prices in economic analysis has been reinforced by the analysis of the role of time prices as a component of the total price in the theory of choice. Economist Gary S. Becker has demonstrated how the time prices associated with the consumption of goods influence an individual's behavior. Empirical studies have attempted to measure the effect of time prices and generally tend to verify their importance. The article discusses several points of departure for the analysis, and the basic model is constructed and its properties discussed. In the article, the comparative static properties of the model are derived and discussed. The results there are in contrast to other models of product differentiation where changes in the parameters lead to no predictable response. The article presents an analysis of discrimination in terms of both price and time, and analyzes product differentiation in a competitive market.

This paper focuses attention on an aspect of labor supply that has heretofore received scant attention, namely, the role of the effort level in the determination of the productive flow of services from labor. The introduction of the effort level makes it possible to describe the firm-worker interplay that is casually observed yet missing from economic theory. This paper amplifies and extends the earlier work of Leibenstein [12, 13] and others and provides an alternate solution for obtaining the optimal effort level from the policing solution suggested by Crew, Jones-Lee, and Rowley [6]. Furthermore, the result that the method of paying the worker causes no distortion in the long run reinforces a similar conclusion reached by Cheung [3, 4]. Finally it should be noted that this model will be more useful in explaining the behavior of managers and/or decision makers than it will be in explaining the behavior of workers whose work pace is determined primarily by a machine rate or a production line rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]