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Syfte och mål - Studien syftade till att identifiera förbättringsmöjligheter och rekommendationer för effektiv masshantering. Målet var att effektivisera masshanteringen med fokus på massbalans och därmed minska både naturresurser och klimatpåverkan för transport till och från anläggningsprojekt. Metod - Studien använde sig av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer, litteraturstudie samt multikriterieanalys. Resultat - Studiens resultat visade att tidiga utredningar i projekteringsskedet, snabbare handläggningstider, och effektiv logistik och tydliga massdispositionsplaner är centrala för effektiv masshantering inom anläggningsprojekt. Resultaten gav därmed praktiska riktlinjer för att effektivisera masshanteringen inom anläggningsbranschen och därmed förbättrad hållbarhet. Analys – Litteraturstudie och intervjuer analyserades. En multikriterieanalys genomfördes för att välja det bästa sättet att hantera massor med fokus på faktorer som tid, ekonomi och miljöpåverkan. Tidiga utredningar i projekteringsstadiet rankades högst bland sju alternativa åtgärder för effektiv masshantering enligt multikriterieanalysen. Diskussion - Betydelsen av tidiga utredningar, snabbare handläggningstider och en välplanerad logistik framhölls som viktiga åtgärder för att effektivisera masshanteringen. Diskussionen betonade också behovet av kompetenta chefer och tydliga massdispositionsplaner för att främja projektens ekonomi och hållbarhet. Trots utmaningar i multikriterieanalysen visade resultaten enighet mellan tidigare forskning och intervjuer, vilket stärkte studiens reliabilitet och validitet. Studien möjliggjorde en generalisering som kan gynna flera entreprenadföretag inom anläggningsbranschen genom att dra nytta av studiens resultat. Nyckelord – Anläggningsprojekt, effektivisering, hållbarhet, massbalans, masshantering, multikriterieanalys., Purpose and Objectives – The study aimed to identify improvement opportunities and recommendations for efficient mass management. The goal was to make mass management more efficient with a focus on mass balance, thereby reducing both natural resources usage and climate impact associated with transportation to and from construction projects. Methodology – The study used qualitative semi-structured interviews, literature review, and a multicriteria analysis. Results – The study's findings indicated that early investigations in the design phase, faster processing times, and efficient logistics and clear mass disposal plans are crucial for effective mass management within construction projects. The results provided practical guidelines for making mass management more efficient in the construction industry and thereby improving sustainability. Analysis – Literature review and interviews were analysed. A multicriteria analysis was conducted to select the best way to handle masses, focusing on factors such as time, cost, and environmental impact. Early investigations in the design stage ranked highest among seven alternative measures for efficient mass management according to the multicriteria analysis. Discussion – The importance of early investigations, faster processing times, and carefully planned logistics was emphasized as crucial steps to improve mass management. The discussion also highlighted the need for skilled managers and clear mass disposal plans to promote project economics and sustainability. Despite facing challenges in multicriteria analysis, the results showed agreement with previous research and interviews, which strengthened the study's reliability and validity. The study enabled generalization, potentially benefiting many construction companies in the industry by using its findings. Keywords – Construction projects, efficiency, mass balance, mass management, multicriteria analysis, sustainability.

This paper explores the significant role of serious games in the realm of risk and crisis management education for building resilient societies. Games as educational tools in higher education can be used to facilitate active and interactive learning activities, which have particularly strong potential for development of collaborative and functional knowledge among students, such as communication skills, resourcefulness, adaptability, and other action competences. The presented serious game, Under Pressure, is a board game designed to facilitate discussion and transformative learning on resilience among students studying risk and crisis management. The players navigate diverse roles within the broader societal context of the game, gaining insights into negotiation strategies and decision-making processes. The game's overarching goal is to present players with various scenarios, prompting them to gather information, negotiate measures, and coordinate tasks to enhance societal resilience. Under Pressure employs realistic scenarios, offering players a high degree of decision-making freedom within the game environment. Throughout the game, hazardous events strike the society at random, promoting the students to collaboratively seek to advance resilience to a broad range of possible scenarios. The findings suggest that the game effectively stimulates discussion on diverse perspectives regarding societal resilience, emphasizing the collaborative investment and decision-making necessary for synergistic benefits across the entire society.

Syfte: Studien ämnar undersöka bostadsrättsföreningars nivå av sparande för framtida kapitalunderhåll i Gävle kommun under räkenskapsåren 2018 och 2022 samt analysera vilka faktorer som kan förklara varför somliga bostadsrättsföreningar avsätter mer i sparande än andra. Metod: Vi har tillämpat en kvantitativ metod där data från årsredovisningar samlats in och använts för att beräkna och koda studiens variabler. För att testa hypoteserna analyserades data med multipel regressionsanalys. Resultat och slutsats: De flesta bostadsrättsföreningar avsätter adekvata medel, men en betydande minoritet riskerar framtida avgiftshöjningar för att täcka kommande kapitalunderhåll. Resultaten visar två statistiskt signifikanta samband med högre sparande och indikerar andra potentiella kumulativa effekter. Examensarbetets bidrag: Användning av en ny metod för empiriinsamling, ny strategi för fastställande av population och urval, undersökning av tidigare outredda oberoende variabler samt den första studien som specifikt granskar bostadsbeståndet i Gävleområdet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vi rekommenderar att framtida studier undersöker relationen mellan studiens beroende och oberoende variabler med ett större datamaterial. Ett större urval kan ge en tydligare bild av hur de oberoende variablerna påverkar bostadsrättsföreningars sparande., Aim: This research aims to assess the savings levels for future capital maintenance by housing cooperatives in Gävle municipality during the fiscal years 2018 and 2022, and to identify the factors that contribute to higher savings in some cooperatives compared to others. Method: Using a quantitative approach, we gathered data from annual reports to calculate and code the study's variables. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. Results and conclusions: While the majority of housing cooperatives set aside adequate funds, a notable minority face the risk of future fee increases to cover necessary capital maintenance. The findings reveal two statistically significant correlations with higher savings and indicate other possible cumulative effects. Contribution of the thesis: Utilizing a novel approach for data collection, a new method for defining population and sampling, analysis of previously unexamined independent variables and the first study specifically assessing the housing stock in the Gävle region. Suggestions for future research: Future research should examine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables with a more extensive dataset. Increasing the sample size may yield a better understanding of how the independent variables influence the savings of housing cooperatives.

Omvärldsutvecklingen, Sveriges rustning av det civila försvaret, barnrättsfrågor och att barn är särskilt utsatta i krissituationer är starka skäl till att krisberedskapsundervisning i skolans lägre årskurser bör införas. I denna rapport presenteras en förstudie med syfte att undersöka förutsättningar för undervisning för krisberedskap i skolans lägre årskurser. Rapportens inledande forskningsöversikt visar att krisberedskapsundervisning för barn stärker krismedvetenheten och krishanteringsförmågan i det omgivande samhället och att det är gynnsamt att undervisa om krisberedskap redan i tidig ålder. Undervisning som anammar elevaktiva metoder och samverkar med föräldrar och lokalsamhälle har särskilt positiva effekter på elevers lärande. Resultaten från förstudien visar att svenska kursplaner och läroböcker riktade mot årskurserna ett till sex inte ger någon explicit vägledning för undervisning om krisberedskap. Dock visar kursplane- och läroboksanalysen att befintliga skrivningar och innehållsteman ger öppningar för att inkludera undervisning om krisberedskap inom ramen för flera olika ämnen. Riskerna för att grundläggande samhällsfunktioner störs eller slås ut motiverar att ge plats åt krisberedskapsundervisning i skolan, men det är viktigt att sådan undervisning vilar på en solid grund. Därför avslutas rapporten med en rekommendation om ett kombinerat forsknings- och utvecklingsarbete där yrkesverksamma lärare, forskare och beredskapsexperter tillsammans bidrar med sin expertis i framtagandet av ett undervisningsmaterial för krisberedskap i skolans lägre årskurser. Förstudien tar tagits fram av forskare vid Karlstads universitet knutna till Centrum för forskning om samhällsrisker inom ramen för ett projekt, Krisberedskap i skolan (etapp 1), med Räddningstjänsten Karlstadsregionen som projektledare och Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) som finansiär.

Background: The sleep patients receive in hospitals is not optimal and is disturbed by a variety of factors. Sleep is a fundamental part of the human body and is a state the allows for recovery and memory storage. Sleep disorders contribute to a range of complications in the cardiovascular system, endocrine functions, immune system, and nervous system. Aim: The aim was to highlight factors that affect patient’s sleep during hospital stays. Method: A general literature review that includes an analysis of ten articles and a compilation of their findings. The articles were retrieved from the CINAHL and PubMed databases. Results: Identification of sleepdisturbing moments in hospitals is important due to the crucial role sleep plays in the body. Four categories emerged from the analysis, which were:noise, light, temperature and medical- and nursing interventions. The result showed that similar factors were experienced as sleep-disturbing in several hospitals in different countries. Conclusion/Implication: Sleep disorders contributes to physiological and psychological health problems for persons.Nurses require education and knowledge about sleep to provide persons with more adequate person-centered care, Bakgrund: Sömnen patienter får på sjukhus är inte optimal och störs av enrad olika faktorer. Sömn är en basal del av det mänskliga livet och är etttillstånd som tillåter återhämtning och lagring av minnen. Sömnbesvärbidrar till en rad komplikationer på exempelvis kardiovaskulära systemet,endokrina funktioner, immunsystemet och nervsystemet. Syfte: Syftet varatt belysa faktorer som påverkar patienters sömn under sjukhusvistelsen.Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med analys av tio artiklar och ensammanställning av dem. Artiklarna hämtades från databaserna CINAHLoch PubMed. Resultat: Identifiering av sömnstörande moment på sjukhusvar viktigt på grund av den viktiga rollen sömn hade för kroppen. Uranalysen uppkom fyra kategorier. Kategorier som framkom var: ljud, ljus,temperaturer samt medicinska- och omvårdandsinterventioner. Resultatetvisade att liknande faktorer upplevdes som sömnstörande vid ett flertalsjukhus inom flera olika länder. Konklusion/implikation Sömnbesvärbidrar till fysiologisk och psykologisk ohälsa för patienter. Sjuksköterskorbehöver utbildning samt kunskap om sömnen för att ge patienter en meradekvat personcentrerad vård

The Covid pandemic, the war in Ukraine, the energy crisis and climate change all direct attention to the importance of disaster preparedness, both at an individual and societal level. Disaster preparedness has also received increasing attention internationally, for instance through the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. This global framework as well as the research literature stress the importance of promoting education on disaster preparedness and how schools play a key role in this regard (Johnson et al. 2014; Pfefferbaum et al. 2018; Selby and Kagawa 2012). In our study, a systematic literature review shows that there is extensive international research on the integration of disaster preparedness in school education. However, corresponding research is lacking for the Swedish school. The Swedish Agency for Education emphasises the importance of schools working proactively with disaster preparedness (Skolverket 2022), but there are currently no guidelines regarding teaching in this area. There exists some educational material on disaster preparedness aimed at schoolchildren in the later years of elementary school and in upper secondary school, e.g. from the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) (2022), but it is currently up to the individual teacher to include this in the teaching. In the present study, an investigation of the conditions for integrating disaster preparedness into teaching in elementary school was carried out, as a first step in a larger study that aims to develop a research-based teaching program for the earlier years of elementary school. Based on the international research literature on teaching about disaster preparedness, a text analysis of primary school curricula in the social study subjects and science studies, grade 1-6, was made. Preliminary results show that there are no explicit links to disaster preparedness in the current curricula. However, there is potential to align education on disaster preparedness to the existing c

Book Review:Educating for the anthropocene: schooling and activism in the face of slow violence by Peter Sutoris, The MIT Press, 2022, 296 pp., ISBN: 9780-2625-4417-7

Time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) has increased during the last decades. Accurate assessments are of importance when studying health consequences of SB. This study aimed to assess concurrent validity between three different questions for self-reported sitting and thigh worn accelerometer data. In total, 86 participants wore the ActivPAL accelerometer during three separate weeks, assessing sitting time with different questions each week. The questions used were Katzmarzyk, GIH stationary single-item question (SED-GIH), and a modified version of the singleitem from IPAQ short form. In total 64, 57, and 55 participants provided valid accelerometer and questionnaire data at each time-point, respectively, and were included for analysis. Spearman and Pearson correlation was used to assess the validity. The three questions, Katzmarzyk, SED-GIH, and a modified question from IPAQ all showed a weak non-significant correlation to ActivPAL with r-values of 0.26, 0.25, and 0.19 respectively. For Katzmarzyk and SED-GIH, 50% and 37% reported correctly, respectively. For the modified IPAQ, 53% over-reported and 47% under-reported their sitting time. In line with previous research, our study shows poor validity for self-reported sitting-time. For future research, the use of sensor-based data on SB are of high importance.

Samhällets beroende av fossila bränslen leder till en varmare atmosfär och högre havsnivåer. För att bromsa utvecklingen måste utsläppen minska. En lösning är att implementera förnybara elproduktionsanläggningar och energilagring i större utsträckning. Då Sveriges vattenkraftsutbyggnad har stannat av de senaste 30 åren behövs en implementering av andra förnybara metoder, i kombination med den redan utbyggda vattenkraften, för att förse framtidens elbehov. För arbetet ligger fyra olika orter med redan installerade vattenkraftverk i fokus, nämligen Fredriksberg, Hällefors, Grythyttan och Sävenfors. Syftet med arbetet är att se hur man kan integrera solcellsanläggningar med och utan batterienergilagring i redan installerade vattenkraftsystem för energiproduktion i mindre lokala elnät. Målet med arbetet är indelat i två olika delmål. Det första målet är att få fram hur stora solcellsanläggningar som är implementerbara i mindre orter utifrån ett ekonomiskt perspektiv, det vill säga hur stor kapacitet som är möjligt att installera samtidigt som anläggningen är ekonomiskt lönsam. Det andra delmålet är att få fram hur stor del av orternas egna elbehov som kan täckas med vattenkraft, solceller och med eller utan batterilagring. En modell för systemet byggdes i Simulink, där vattenkraften antogs producera kontinuerligt över året vid vissa tider på dygnet. En känslighetsanalys gjordes på solcellsanläggningarnas ekonomiska lönsamhet vid olika framtidsscenarier gällande elprisutveckling i Sverige fram till år 2050. Resultat från simuleringar visar på att orterna får olika hög grad ekonomisk lönsamhet vid olika mängd installerad kapacitet solceller. Generellt ger ett högre elbehov och ett lägre förhållande mellan producerad el från vattenkraft och elbehov ekonomisk möjlighet att installera större solcellsanläggningar. Gällande de olika framtidsscenarierna finns det vissa scenarier som kan förlänga solcellsanläggningarnas återbetalningstid. Ett scenario, med stor implementering av, Society's dependency on fossil fuels leads to a warmer atmosphere and rising sea levels. Emission levels need to be reduced to slow down this development. One solution is to implement renewable energy and renewable energy storage systems on a wider scale. Sweden’s expansion of hydro power has come to a stop 30 years ago, which leads the focus to other methods of renewable energy generation in combination with the already built hydro power plants for future energy supply. This work focuses on already built-in hydro power plants in smaller communities as Fredriksberg, Hällefors, Grythyttan and Sävenfors. The scope of this work is to investigate the possibilities of integrating photovoltaic systems, with and without battery energy storage, in operating hydro power plants in smaller local grids. The goal of this work is divided into two sub-goals. The first sub-goal is to find out what size of photovoltaic systems can be implemented in smaller communities from an economic perspective, that is, how much capacity is possible to install at the same time as the plant is economically profitable. The other sub-goal is to find out how much of the communities’ own electrical demands are covered with hydro power, photovoltaics and with or without battery energy storage. A model was built in Simulink, where the hydro power was assumed to produce electricity continuously throughout the year at certain times of the day. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the profitability of the photovoltaic systems using different scenarios for the future electrical price in Sweden until the year of 2050. Results from the simulations show that different communities have different degrees of profitability for varying capacities of photovoltaics. A higher electricity demand and a lower ratio between produced electricity from hydro power and electricity demand provides financial opportunities to install larger capacities of photovoltaic systems. Regarding the future price scenarios, there are s

Följande studie är skriven på svenska och behandlar fenomenet distansledarskap samt hur det skiljer sig mot ett ledarskap utan fysiskt avstånd. Studien tar reda på hur de arbetar med tillit och kommunikation samt hur förhållandet mellan kontroll och autonomi ser ut, när arbetet sker på distans. Studiens empiriska material består av 12st semistrukturerade intervjuer. Samtliga respondenter är svenska chefer som kommer från tre olika branscher, socialtjänsten, energi- samt rekryterings/bemanningsbranschen. Studiens resultat visar att chefers förutsättningar för att bedriva distansarbete skiljer sig åt inom olika organisationer. Det går att utläsa hur autonomi ses som viktigare än kontroll när arbetet sker på distans. Vidare presenteras en god tillit och kommunikation som viktiga aspekter i ett distansledarskap. Hur chefer går tillväga för att skapa denna tillit och hur de arbetar med kommunikationen på distans skiljer sig åt, och det är svårt att presentera en lösning som fungerar i alla organisationer. En enhetlig bild som skapas är att majoriteten av respondenterna föredrar en frekvent kommunikation när arbetet sker på distans., The following study is written in Swedish and deals with the phenomenon of distance leadership and how it differs from leadership in the proximal environment. The study explores how managers work with trust and communication and how the relationship between control and autonomy looks like, when work is managed remotely. The empirical material of the study consists of 12 semi-structured interviews. All respondents were Swedish managers who came from three different industries, these industries consisted of social services, energy and recruitment / staffing industries. The study's findings show that managers' conditions for conducting telework differ between organizations. It is possible to extract how autonomy is seen as a more important tool than control when the work is done at a distance. Furthermore, good trust and communication are presented as important aspects in the remote work environment. How managers go about creating trust and how they work with communication at a distance differs, and it is difficult to present a solution that works in all organizations. A unified image that we can present however, is that a majority of the respondents prefer frequent communication when remote work is present.

The global nature of current supply chains – in combination with disruptive events like the Covid-19 pandemic – has highlighted the need for increased supply chain resilience (SCRes). Contemporary research has primarily focused on proactive SCRes strategies and, to some degree, neglected the reactive strategies for building SCRes. As pro- and reactive measures are needed for building SCRes, the study explores how businesses employ reactive SCRes recovery strategies to handle extreme supply chain disruption (SCD). One sector of the economy experiencing SCD as an effect of the Coronavirus is the automobile industry, which is generally used to measure international health. With the exploratory nature of the purpose and the influential role of the automobile industry, the study employed a qualitative methodology where the strategies utilized by automobile industry actors are used as the case to discover and contribute with empirical evidence for reactive SCRes strategies. The empirical data was derived through semi-structured interviews with supply chain executives from the automobile industry. The findings indicate that companies within the automobile industry employ three main reactive SCRes strategies: communication, crisis teams, and workforce measures, to handle the adverse outcomes of the Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, the results suggest that crucial organizational capabilities are flexibility and velocity to handle turmoil within supply chains. Furthermore, based on a holistic perspective, the study indicates that the four formative capabilities of SCRes: flexibility, velocity, visibility, and collaboration, along with pro- and reactive SCRes strategies, are interconnected. As such, all capabilities appear to be pervading in the three reactive SCRes strategies. The study, therefore, implies that all capabilities of SCRes and both pro- and reactive strategies are necessary for the development of more resilient supply chains.

Under ekonomiska konjunkturcykler är sambandet mellan grundläggande makroekonomiska variabler och aktiemarknadens avkastning högst intressant att undersöka. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur aktiepriser på den svenska- och amerikanska aktiemarknaden påverkas av relevanta makroekonomiska faktorer under tidsperioden 1970–2021. Genom ko-integrationstest, Vector Error Correction modeller och kausalitetstest på årsdata finner vi signifikanta resultat för att den svenska aktiemarknaden divergerar från jämvikt av en chock i penningmängd. För den amerikanska aktiemarknaden finner vi fler signifikanta resultat och att en chock i statsskulden skapar en divergerande effekt i fjärde laggen men en konvergerande effekt i andra. För att fördjupa undersökningen genomförs en bivariat analys för att undersöka hur aktiepriser påverkas av BNP som en indikation på ekonomisk tillväxt och även hur aktiepriser påverkas av lång och kort ränta som en konjunkturindikator. Resultaten varierar för Sverige och USA. Det kausala sambandet mellan aktiepris och BNP visar att aktiepris påverkar BNP för Sverige. För USA finner vi däremot inga signifikanta resultat gällande det kausala sambandet. För sambandet mellan amerikanskt aktiepris mot kort och lång ränta så visade det sig att kort ränta orkar divergens mot jämvikt för aktiemarknaden. För Sverige påvisade resultaten att kort ränta orsakar konvergens och lång ränta divergens vid en chock i aktiemarknaden., During economic cycles, the relationship between fundamental macroeconomic variables and stock market returns is highly interesting to examine. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how share prices in the Swedish and American stock markets are affected by relevant macroeconomic factors during the period 1970–2021. Through co-integration tests, Vector Error Correction models and causality tests on annual data, we find significant results for the Swedish stock market to diverge from equilibrium by a shock in the money supply. For the US stock market, we find more significant variables and a result that a shock in the central government debt creates a divergent effect in the fourth layer but a converging effect in the second. To deepen the survey, a bivariate analysis is carried out to examine how share prices are affected by GDP as an indication of economic growth and how share prices are affected by long-term and short-term interest rates as a business cycle indicator. The results vary for Sweden and the USA. The causal relationship between share price and GDP shows that share price affects GDP for Sweden. For the United States, however, we find no significant results regarding the causal relationship. For the relationship between the US share price against short and long interest rates, it turned out that short interest rates can withstand divergence towards equilibrium for the stock market. For Sweden, the results showed that short-term interest rates cause convergence and long-term interest rate divergence in the event of a shock in the stock market.

Background Introducing services for manufacturing companies can lead to improving customer satisfaction and new revenue streams as well as creating a more sustainable business. However, the current understanding of how this can be done in practice is limited. Purpose This master’s thesis investigates how a manufacturing company can generate sustainable value through the introduction of new repair service offerings. Methodology The research was based on a qualitative single case study with an abductive approach. The data was collected from a manufacturer of electronic products through semi-structured interviews. Conclusion This thesis resulted in multiple repair service offerings for the manufacturers that generated environmental and economic value through a sustainable business model innovation approach. By iterative interviews with stakeholders investigating the value proposition, value creation and delivery as well as value capture mechanisms of a manufacturer, it was possible to minimize the impacts of sustainability trade-offs and develop sustainable repair service offerings. The thesis also suggests a framework for evaluating and prioritizing repair service offerings based on their perceived value for stakeholders, environmental value, and cost. The alignment of a manufacturer’s organization through clear sustainability targets was also found to be important to generate both environmental and economic value., There are challenges for how sustainable repair service offerings can be developed in practice for manufacturers. Driving sustainability is not always a win-win situation and there are often trade-offs and conflicts between different environmental and social ambitions, and financial targets. This thesis investigates how a manufacturer can generate sustainable value through repair service offerings through a single case study. Through a sustainable business model approach and cross-functional data collection, repair service offerings that generated environmental and economic value were found. The thesis also suggests a framework for evaluating and prioritizing repair service offerings based on their value and cost. The alignment of a manufacturer’s organization through clear sustainability targets was also found to be important to generate both environmental and economic value.

Climate change and the policy responses to it have implications in terms of (in)justice. Research in fields such as political ecology and environmental justice emphasizes the importance of policy-making addressing and responding to climate injustices. It, moreover, stresses that democratic engagement is imperative, since no universal agreement on the meaning of “justice” exists. Demo- cratic engagement on climate (in)justice is, however, hampered by the predominance of technocratic policy frames. Considering this, knowledge of ways to promote democratic engagement is called for. This study develops such knowledge related to policy-making for climate change adaptation and resilience at the local level, in developed country contexts. Specifically, it draws on the “what’s the problem represented to be?” approach to conceptualize different styles of democratic engagement and examine the possibilities and limitations of each. From the data, comprised of previous research, representations of three styles of democratic engagement are identified and analyzed: (1) closure- oriented engagement centered on changing behaviors, (2) closure-oriented engagement centered on changing the systemic production of unjust practices, and (3) disruptive engagement centered on changing the systemic production of unjust practices. The contributions of this study are relevant to researchers, policymakers, activists and others interested in how to promote a democratization of climate policy-making., Samhällsresiliens i Sverige: Styrning, sociala nätverk och lärande

The UNESCO-led Global Action Programme on Education for Sustainable Development emphasizes the need to improve teachers’ capacities to facilitate education that transforms our actions. From the perspectives of pluralistic and transformative education, such capacity building should enable teachers to facilitate democratic education processes through which students learn to problematize and engage with unsustainable actions from different perspectives. However, education research indicates that transformative education often is reduced to behavioral perspectives that set the focus on attitudes, choice and behaviors at the expense of systemic critique. To offset this blind- spot, research suggests that social practice theories provide a basis to develop transformative learning to problematize and engage with systemic issues. In this paper, I argue that the collegial and collaborative approach of professional learning communities has much to offer in this regard, both to develop teachers’ capacities for suchtransformative education and to increase the chances that it improves student learning. To substantiate this argument, this paper employs a participatory action research approach to create professional learning communities in which I, as a researcher, carry out collaborative inquiries with teams of teachers in upper-secondary civics education. The purpose of this is to develop processes and content that increase teachers’ capacities to facilitate transformative student-learning underpinned by social practice theories. Importantly, these processes and content could then be adapted and used in schools beyond the particular contexts of this study. The processes and content developed here could thus contribute to improve teachers’ capacities and student learning in ways that answer UNESCO’s call for an education that transforms our actions.