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The inhabitant of Ilaporu settlements solely depends on groundwater for domestic and agricultural purpose as a result of scarcity and contamination of surface water. The present study therefore aimed at investigating the physicochemical and geochemical composition of Ilaporu groundwater for domestic and agricultural suitability. Hand-dug well waters were picked randomly from thirty (30) major agricultural settlements with the aid of Global Position Satellite (GPS). The physical parameters such as Hydrogen ion concentration (pH), Electrical conductivity (EC),) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) were measured in-situ while the chemical compositions of cations (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+) and anions (Cl−, F−, SO42−, NO3−and CO32−) were obtained through laboratory procedure. The water was subjected to an analytical measurement utilizing an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) to examine seven heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, and Zn). This study was conducted to examine various water geochemical pollution and contamination indicators, including degree of contamination (DoC), modified degree of contamination (mDoC), enrichment factor (ER), accumulation index (Igeo), pollution loading index (PLI), ecological risk potential (ERIP), and health risks related to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic substances. Water quality indexes such as the permeability index (PI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium percentage ratio (%Na), residual sodium carbonate and bicarbonate (RSC and RSBC), Kelly's ratio (KR), and magnetic ratio (MR) were also used to evaluate the suitability of the water for irrigation. The geochemical result obtained revealed that the water has no trace of lead (Pb) contamination while other heavy metals obtained are within the acceptable limit of WHO and NSDWQ, except cadmium. The water quality index (WQI) was obtained to range between 1.11 and 23.76%. The result implies that the water falls in the excellent categories of the water quality index, thereby making it suitable for both domestic and irrigation. The PLI, DoC and mDoC water contamination/pollution index revealed PLI

Abstract Background A disturbance in eating behaviour (EB) is the hallmark of patients with eating disorders, and depicts a complex interaction of environmental, psychological and biological factors. In the present study, we propose a model of association of genetic susceptibility—represented by adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene—with eating behavioural and psychological traits. Results Evaluation of the distribution of a polymorphism of the ADIPOQ (rs1501299 G > T) with respect to three EB factors involving cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating revealed that T-allele in rs1501299 was associated with a decreased susceptibility to emotional EB in codominant (e.g., GG vs. TT) (beta-coefficient [β] = 2.39, 95% Confidence interval [CI] = − 4.02, − 0.76; p value [p] = 0.02), recessive (GG + GT vs. TT) (β = − 2.77, 95% CI = − 3.65, − 0.69; p = 0.005) and additive (GG = 0, GT = 1, TT = 2) (β = − 1.02, 95% CI = − 1.80, − 0.24; p = 0.01) models of inheritance. The presence of the T-allele was not significantly associated with psychological factors involving depression, anxiety and stress. Finally, none of the psychological traits significantly predicted any of the EB factors after controlling for age, body weight and gender. Conclusions Our data suggest that genetic variant in ADIPOQ locus may influence human emotional eating behaviour.

Abstract Background Adiponectin plays key roles in regulating appetite and food intake. Altered circulating adiponectin levels have been observed in human eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge eating. In addition, an association between circulating adiponectin levels and human eating behaviour (EB) has been reported. Interestingly, a disturbance in eating behaviour is the defining characteristic of human eating disorders. However, it is unknown whether adiponectin is causally implicated in human EB. We therefore aimed to investigate the causal effect of adiponectin on EB. Results Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis estimated the influence of blood adiponectin on EB by combining data on the association of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) variants with adiponectin levels and with three EB factors involving disinhibition, restraint and hunger. Using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) regression method and other complementary MR techniques (weighted median regression, MR Egger and weighted modal regression), the MR analysis revealed a broadly consistent evidence that higher blood adiponectin concentration was significantly associated with increased EB factor disinhibition (beta coefficient for IVW regression [β IVW], 3.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10, 5.00) but non-significantly associated with increased EB factor restraint (β IVW, 0.17; 95% CI − 1.85, 2.18), and increased EB factor hunger (β IVW, 1.63; 95% CI − 0.75, 4.01). Conclusions Overall, our findings indicate a causal role of adiponectin levels in eating disinhibition but not in eating restraint and hunger.

Background: Alcohol, a widely abused drug, is a general CNS depressant that is involved in an impaired neurological functioning in a dose-dependent manner and purportedly, in the development of adverse cognitive functions in humans. Objective: To assess crosss-sectionally whether alcohol consumption is associated with the risk of subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1299 participants with diverse age groups, ethnicity and socioeconomic levels recruited from six public hospitals in three different states in the southwest Nigeria between March 2016 and April 2016 was done. Prevalence of subjective cognitive complaints by the level of alcohol intake was measured using standardized questionnaire. Factor analyses (explorative and confirmatory) were used to validate the cognitive complaint questionnaire while conditional multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between alcohol intake and SCCs. Results: After adjustment for age, marital status, level of education, ethnicity, smoking status and physical activity (basic adjustment), participants in the highest compared with the lowest quintile of alcohol intake had a significantly increased odds of SCCs (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–2.74; P for trend