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Developing countries are lagging behind in terms of research and development expenditure and innovation activities. The ability to innovate depends upon the worker's knowledge, skills, training, and experience. It is widely believed that innovation drives growth and plays a vital role in firm survival. The study's objective was to investigate the effect of a firm's research and development expenditures on innovation activities in less developing nations using World Enterprise Survey data. The study utilized the multilevel logistic regression model. The innovation is measured through the survey question, “During the last three years, has this establishment introduced new or significantly improved products or services”. The results of the logistic regression model indicate that research and development expenditures has a positive impact on innovation. The all of other control variables such as registered firm, firm size, firm age and skilled worker also positively affected by research and development expenditures.

Integrating sustainability, a flexible manufacturing system, and Industry 4.0 resolves the issues of fluctuating market demand arising from customization requirements. Modular products allow flexibility to adapt to changing requirements and optimize resource utilization. In this study, a method was proposed and applied to two products, i.e., a 3D printer and an electric toothbrush featuring modular architecture, multiple product versions, and customization, to contribute to the development of sustainable flexible manufacturing systems. From the results of the two case studies nine modules were identified that contain specific functions and related interface information. From these modules, one platform was developed that comprises common entities used in all variants of the products. This platform was further extended to product families. From the modules, product architecture was developed that supports the product and process relationships. These relationships can be developed concurrently, enabling product features to be linked to the manufacturing setup. Thus, when a modular architecture is developed, the factory has to be reorganized accordingly, or reconfiguration is possible. Hence, the main aim of the research was to develop modular product architecture to identify product and process relationships for a sustainable flexible manufacturing system.

In today’s competitive world, it is a very difficult and complex task to select one alternative from different sets ofalternatives especially when the data are vague and inexact. This paper focuses on the application of one of multi-criteriadecision-making tools called the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the selection of material handling equipment at alocal industry in order to optimize the material handling system. Questionnaires were developed and distributed amongexperts, employees, and workers working in the industry. The measure of central tendency (Mean) calculated from the datawas used as an input for the pair-wise exchange matrix. The selection was subject to four criteria with each having three subcriteria. The overall results showed that AGV’s are more significant for material handling in the pharmaceutical industryas compared to forklift and conveyor belt.

In this case study researcher discussed about financial ratio analysis of Samsung by using the financial statements of Samsung. Also focused on industry and competitor analysis of Samsung. The objective of this paper is find the profitability, liquidity and financial position of the Samsung to check the impact of these determinants on the market share of Samsung. This paper discuss the relationships of the different items in financial statements by conducting ratio, time series, and DuPont analysis. Although Samsung have several segments but this paper concentrated on the telecommunication segment of the Samsung Electronics because it generate major portion of Samsung’s revenue. To conduct this research the financial data of the Samsung up to 10 years is analyzed. The data is taken from the Annual Reports Samsung. Ratios are calculated for 10 years to check the trends in profitability, liquidity and return on equity. The results of this analysis shows that Samsung’s liquidity is positive and growing trend. The earnings are positive and profitability has positive trend. Samsung is less leveraged. Further research can be conducted on the rising issue of Samsung and its effect on the performance of the firm. The limitation of the research case is that it only focused on the financial aspects of Samsung performance. This research will be helpful for the mangers of the Samsung to analyze the financial performance of the firm, for investors who want to in invest in the stocks of the Samsung and students of finance will also benefited from this paper for their better understanding financial analysis and its practical implication. Keywords: Financial Analysis of Samsung, Liquidity Position, Profitability Position, Capital Structure and Operations Management.