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12 results on '"Omusula, Philemon"'

4. 2-Butanone as a carbon dioxide mimic in attractant blends for the Afrotropical malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus

Author

Mburu, Monicah M., Mweresa, Collins K., Omusula, Philemon, Hiscox, Alexandra, Takken, Willem, Mukabana, Wolfgang R., Mburu, Monicah M., Mweresa, Collins K., Omusula, Philemon, Hiscox, Alexandra, Takken, Willem, and Mukabana, Wolfgang R.

Abstract

Background: Most odour baits designed to attract host-seeking mosquitoes contain carbon dioxide (CO2), which enhances trap catches, given its role as a mosquito flight activator. However, the use of CO2 is expensive and logistically demanding for prolonged area-wide use. Methods: This study explored the possibility of replacing organically-produced CO2 with 2-butanone in odour blends targeting host-seeking malaria mosquitoes. During semi-field and field experiments MM-X traps were baited with a human odour mimic (MB5 blend) plus CO2 or 2-butanone at varying concentrations. Unbaited traps formed a control. The attraction of Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus to these differently baited traps was measured and mean catch sizes were compared to determine whether 2-butanone could form a viable replacement for CO2 for these target species. Results: Under semi-field conditions significantly more female An. gambiae mosquitoes were attracted to a reference attractant blend (MB5 + CO2) compared to MB5 without CO2 (P < 0.001), CO2 alone (P < 0.001), or a trap without a bait (P < 0.001). Whereas MB5 + CO2 attracted significantly more mosquitoes than its variants containing MB5 plus different dilutions of 2-butanone (P = 0.001), the pure form (99.5%) and the 1.0% dilution of 2-butanone gave promising results. In the field mean indoor catches of wild female An. gambiae s.l. in traps containing MB5 + CO2 (5.07 ± 1.01) and MB5 + 99.5% 2-butanone (3.10 ± 0.65) did not differ significantly (P = 0.09). The mean indoor catches of wild female An. funestus attracted to traps containing MB5 + CO2 (3.87 ± 0.79) and MB5 + 99.5% 2-butanone (3.37 ± 0.70) were also similar (P = 0.635). Likewise, the mean outdoor catches of An. gambiae and An. funestus associated with MB5 + CO2 (1.63 ± 0.38 and 0.53 ± 0.17, respectively) and MB5 + 99.5% 2-butanone (1.33 ± 0.32 and 0.40 ± 0.14, respectively) were not significantly different (P = 0.544 and P = 0.533, respectively)

Published
2017

5. Eave Screening and Push-Pull Tactics to Reduce House Entry by Vectors of Malaria

Author

Menger, David J., primary, Wouters, Karlijn, additional, Hahn, Beatrice H., additional, Mukabana, Wolfgang R., additional, Omusula, Philemon, additional, van Loon, Joop J. A., additional, Carreira, Ana S., additional, Oketch, Charles, additional, Hiscox, Alexandra, additional, Mweresa, Collins K., additional, Derycke, Jean-Luc, additional, Takken, Willem, additional, Durka, Maxime, additional, and Loy, Dorothy E., additional

Published
2016
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6. Field Evaluation of a Push-Pull System to Reduce Malaria Transmission

Author

Menger, David J., primary, Omusula, Philemon, additional, Holdinga, Maarten, additional, Homan, Tobias, additional, Carreira, Ana S., additional, Vandendaele, Patrice, additional, Derycke, Jean-Luc, additional, Mweresa, Collins K., additional, Mukabana, Wolfgang Richard, additional, van Loon, Joop J. A., additional, and Takken, Willem, additional

Published
2015
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12. Molasses as a source of carbon dioxide for the malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus.

Author

Mweresa, Collins K., Omusula, Philemon, Otieno, Bruno, Van Loon, Joop J. A., Takken, Willem, and Mukabana, Wolfgang R.

Subjects
*CARBON dioxide, *FERMENTATION, *ARTHROPODA, *ANOPHELES gambiae, *ANOPHELES funestus, *MOSQUITOES
Abstract

Background Most odour baits for haematophagous arthropods contain carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 is sourced artificially from the fermentation of refined sugar (sucrose), dry ice, pressurized gas cylinders or propane. These sources of CO2 are neither cost-effective nor sustainable for use in remote areas of sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, molasses was evaluated as a potential substrate for producing CO2 used as bait for malaria mosquitoes. Methods The attraction of laboratory-reared and wild Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to CO2 generated from yeast-fermentation of molasses was assessed under semi-field and field conditions in western Kenya. In the field, responses of wild Anopheles funestus were also assessed. Attraction of the mosquitoes to a synthetic mosquito attractant, Mbita blend (comprising ammonia, L-lactic acid, tetradecanoic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol) when augmented with CO2 generated from yeast fermentation of either molasses or sucrose was also investigated. Results In semi-field, the release rate of CO2 and proportion of An. gambiae mosquitoes attracted increased in tandem with an increase in the quantity of yeast-fermented molasses up to an optimal ratio of molasses and dry yeast. More An. gambiae mosquitoes were attracted to a combination of the Mbita blend plus CO2 produced from fermenting molasses than the Mbita blend plus CO2 from yeast-fermented sucrose. In the field, significantly more female An. gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes were attracted to the Mbita blend augmented with CO2 produced by fermenting 500 g of molasses compared to 250 g of sucrose or 250 g of molasses. Similarly, significantly more An. funestus, Culex and other anopheline mosquito species were attracted to the Mbita blend augmented with CO2 produced from fermenting molasses than the Mbita blend with CO2 produced from sucrose. Augmenting the Mbita blend with CO2 produced from molasses was associated with high catches of blood-fed An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus mosquitoes. Conclusion Molasses is a suitable ingredient for the replacement of sucrose as a substrate for the production of CO2 for sampling of African malaria vectors and other mosquito species. The finding of blood-fed malaria vectors in traps baited with the Mbita blend and CO2 derived from molasses provides a unique opportunity for the study of host-vector interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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