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In this work, the impacts of OFF-state gate bias (VGS,OFF) on dynamic on-resistance (RON) are systematically investigated in commercial Schottky-type p-GaN Gate high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). Double-pulse tester (DPT) and PIV system are adopted to evaluate the dynamic RON with various OFF-state gate and drain bias (VDS,OFF) under hard- and soft-switching conditions. More negative VGS,OFF can aggravate the dynamic RON degradation under both soft- and hard-switching, especially when switching with a high VDS,OFF. The impacts of VGS,OFF on switching transients and OFF-state stress are investigated separately to reveal the underlying mechanisms, which are found to be associated with the generation and movements of holes. OFF-state gate bias of the voltage-driving scheme needs to be carefully considered according to the identified mechanisms in terms of dynamic on-resistance degradation.

Short-term energy deficits impair anabolic hormones and muscle protein synthesis. However, the effects of prolonged energy deficits on resistance training (RT) outcomes remain unexplored. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of PubMed and SportDiscus for randomized controlled trials performing RT in an energy deficit (RT+ED) for ≥3 weeks. We first divided the literature into studies with a parallel control group without an energy deficit (RT+CON; Analysis A) and studies without RT+CON (Analysis B). Analysis A consisted of a meta-analysis comparing gains in lean mass (LM) and strength between RT+ED and RT+CON. Studies in Analysis B were matched with separate RT+CON studies for participant and intervention characteristics, and we qualitatively compared the gains in LM and strength between RT+ED and RT+CON. Finally, Analyses A and B were pooled into a meta-regression examining the relationship between the magnitude of the energy deficit and LM. Analysis A showed LM gains were impaired in RT+ED vs RT+CON (effect size (ES) = −0.57, p = 0.02), but strength gains were comparable between conditions (ES = −0.31, p = 0.28). Analysis B supports the impairment of LM in RT+ED (ES: −0.11, p = 0.03) vs RT+CON (ES: 0.20, p < 0.001) but not strength (RT+ED ES: 0.84; RT+CON ES: 0.81). Finally, our meta-regression demonstrated that an energy deficit of ~500 kcal · day−1 prevented gains in LM. Individuals performing RT to build LM should avoid prolonged energy deficiency, and individuals performing RT to preserve LM during weight loss should avoid energy deficits >500 kcal day−1.

Study Design: Biomechanical study.Purpose: To quantitatively investigate the effect of screw size on screw fixation in osteoporotic vertebrae with finite element analysis (FEA)Overview of Literature: Osteoporosis poses a challenge in spinal instrumentation; however, the selection of screw size is directly related to fixation and is closely dependent on each surgeon’s experience and preference.Methods: Total 1,200 nonlinear FEA with various screw diameters (4.5–7.5 mm) and lengths (30–50 mm) were performed on 25 patients (seven men and 18 women; mean age, 75.2±10.8 years) with osteoporosis. The axial pullout strength, and the vertebral fixation strength of a paired-screw construct against flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were examined. Thereafter, we calculated the equivalent stress of the bone-screw interface during nondestructive loading. Then, using diameter parameters (screw diameter or screw fitness in the pedicle [%fill]), and length parameters (screw length or screw depth in the vertebral body [%length]), multiple regression analyses were performed in order to evaluate the factors affecting various fixations.Results: Larger diameter and longer screws significantly increased the pullout strength and vertebral fixation strength; further, they decreased the equivalent stress around the screws. Multiple regression analyses showed that the actual screw diameter and %length were factors that had a stronger effect on the fixation strength than %fill and the actual screw length. Screw diameter had a greater effect on the resistance to screw pullout and flexion and extension loading (β =0.38–0.43, p

A stepped split triple-gate SOI LDMOS with P/N strip (P/N SSTG SOI LDMOS) is proposed, which has ultralow specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) and low switching losses. The proposed device has a triple-gate (TG) and stepped split gates (SSGs). P strip, N-drift and oxide trench are alternately arranged in the Z direction. Meanwhile, the SSGs are located in the oxide trench of the N-drift region and are distributed in steps. Firstly, the TG increases the channel width (Wch) and has the effect of modulating current distribution, resulting in lower Ron,sp and higher transconductance (gm). Secondly, the SSGs serve as the field plate to assist the depletion of the N-drift region, increasing the optimal doping concentration of the N-drift region (Nd-opt) and further reducing the Ron,sp. Moreover, the SSGs also have the effect of modulating the electric field distribution to maintain a high breakdown voltage (BV). Meanwhile, gate-drain charge (QGD) and switching losses are reduced on account of the introduction of the SSGs. Thirdly, in the off-state, the P strip and SSGs multidimensional assisted depletion of the N-drift region, which greatly increases the Nd-opt. The highly doped N-drift region provides a low-resistance path for the current, which also further reduces Ron,sp. Compared with triple-gate (TG) SOI LDMOS with almost equal breakdown voltage, the Ron,sp and QGD of P/N SSTG SOI LDMOS are reduced by 62% and 63%, respectively.

A high-performance E-mode hybrid ferroelectric charge storage gate (FEG) GaN HEMT with an innovative source-connected field plate (SCFP) structure is reported for the first time. The optimized E-mode FEG-HEMT implements a novel SCFP structure, which creates a cascode-like configuration with a D-mode GaN MISHEMT. This E-mode SCFP GaN FEG-HEMT has a positive ${V}_{\text {th}}$ of 2.81 V, a high ${I}_{\text {D,max}}$ of 757mA/mm, and a BV of 866 V. Dynamic ${R}_{\text {ON}}$ reduced 25% when operated at ${V}_{\text {DSQ}} =400$ V. ON-state stress tests also show improved current collapse phenomena. Additionally, to address the charge storage abilities of FEG-HEMTs, a multi-cycle OFF-state ( ${V}_{\text {DS}} =300$ V, ${V}_{\text {GS}} =0$ V) retention test was conducted. The SCFP FEG-HEMT showed 58.46% less ${V}_{\text {th}}$ shift percentage than the FEG-HEMT without field plates.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reducing the bone to cast distance on the resistance of the pin to cyclic loading in equine transfixation pin casts. Study Design Eleven pairs of cadaveric equine third metacarpal bones were prepared and one 6.3/8.0 mm transfixation pin was placed in standard fashion 10 mm proximal to the distal physeal scar into each bone. One metacarpus of each pair was tested with a distance of 10 mm (10 mm group) and the contralateral metacarpus with a distance of 20 mm (20 mm group) between the outer cortex of the bone and the fixation of the pin. Eight pairs were tested using a simplified test set-up in which the pins were fastened at both ends to polyoxymethylene-copolymer sleeves. The pins of the remaining three pairs of bones were incorporated into a fibreglass cast. All specimens were tested under cyclic loading until failure of the pin in axial compression. Results All pins failed uni- or bilaterally at clinically relevant load levels. Pins of the 10 mm group endured significantly (p Conclusion The distance between the bone surface and the cast at the location of pin insertion has a significant effect on resistance of the pins to cyclic loading. Therefore, the amount of padding applied underneath an equine transfixation pin cast can have an influence on the overall stability and durability of the construct.

To achieve lower specific ON-resistance ( ${R}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\text {SP}}}$ ), a novel accumulation lateral double-diffused MOSFET (ALDMOS) characterized by a convex-shaped field plate (CFP) structure is proposed and investigated experimentally. The CFP structure above the ${N}$ -drift region consists of two diodes, with its contact regions embedding into the drain and source region. Hence, the proposed device could shrink the drift length and utilize the drift region effectively to sustain the same level of breakdown voltage in the OFF-state. Furthermore, the CFP structure enables to form a continuous electron accumulation layer at the drift surface in the ON-state. Consequently, the proposed CFP ALDMOS could obtain an ultralow ${R}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\text {SP}}}$ and achieve a better tradeoff relationship between BV and ${R}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\text {SP}}}$ . The experimental results show that the CFP ALDMOS realizes a BV of 448 V and ${R}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\text {SP}}}$ of 16.9 $\text{m}\Omega \cdot $ cm2 with an extremely high figure of merit of 11.87 MW/cm2, decreasing ${R}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\text {SP}}}$ by 55.6% compared with theoretical triple-REduced SURface Field (RESURF) LDMOS at the same BV.

This article explores the installation Documentation by the artist Parastou Forouhar as an (un)sighted migratory archive of memory and forgetting. Operating in the liminal zone between a personal a...

Electric fabric heaters have demonstrated potential applications in a wide range of fields for medical electrothermal, human healthcare and athletic rehabilitation. Whereas, little attention has been paid to the resistance variations and the interface of electric heaters. Here, this paper focuses on the resistance temperature-sensitive behavior and interfacial electricity of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/polyester (PET) fabrics, which are obatained through a facile and scalable dip-coating method. When a current of 0.055 ampere (A) is applied, the RGO/PET fabric can achieve an equilibrium temperature about 89 °C in 20 s, with a maximum heating rate of 11.78 °C/s. Besides, the relative resistance changes of RGO/PET fabric are linearly related to the temperature. When the RGO/PET fabric reaches its steady-state temperature of 89 °C, the value of ΔR/R0 drops by ∼30%, showing that the fabric is endowed with temperature sensitivity. These prominent results indicate that the RGO/PET fabric owns great promise in the field of wearable electric heaters. Notably, the contact resistance at the interface of RGO/PET fabric heater is investigated and the mechanism of the temperature in middle part of heater is higher than that of both ends is analyzed. This provides a qualitative decoupling analysis method for the study and analysis of interfacial electricity and electrothermal distribution of carbon materials.

The topicality of works for testing roofs on resistance to external fire influence for creation the conditions of improving the level of fire safety for construction in Ukraine is shown. The expediency of introducing in Ukraine а separate method for the extended application of test results of roofing materials , namely the test method № 2 in accordance with DSTU CEN/ТS 1187: 2016 "Methods of testing roofs by external fire (CEN/TS 1187: 2012, IDT)" was confirmed. For the first time in Ukraine, at the level of European approaches, the design and working design documentation of а test stand for testing of roofs on resistance to external fire influence has been developed. The general appearance and composition of the stand, including the ignition source, are given. Technical characteristics of the stand have been determined. The parameters of gas supply to the ignition source are substantiated and experimentally confirmed. Technical characteristics of the created stand allow to саrrу out tests of roofs test specimens with standardized size of basis, thickness of the test specimen to 200 mm and weight to 30 kg. The means of measuring equipment necessary for carrying out tests are given. The procedure of calibration of the stand, the procedure of carrying out tests and requirements for evaluation of test results are given. Materials for verification of the stand have been prepared, the results of which will certify the basic parameters, technical characteristics and actual values of standardized metrological indicators guaranteed bу the developer and manufacturer of the stand for testing of roofs on resistance to external fire influence in accordance with the requirements and methods given in DSTU CEN/TS 1187: 2016. Suggestions for further use of test results on the created stand are given.

The carrier transport, ferroelectric and resistance switching properties of Bi0.9Er0.1Fe0.99Mn0.01O3/Zn1−xCuxO (BEFM/ZCuxO, x = 0.00–0.09) composite films were studied to elucidate the correlation between ferroelectricity and resistance switching and the formation mechanism of resistance switching behavior. BEFM/ZCuxO films are a combination of bulk conduction and interfacial conduction, and interface conduction is dominant. The BEFM/ZnO thin film exhibits a rectifying diode effect, and BEFM can regulate the carrier transport at the interface through ferroelectric polarization to achieve the regulation of resistance state. However, the ferroelectricity of the BEFM/ZCuxO composite films has almost disappeared, and its resistance switching behavior can be achieved by adjusting the change of the interface barrier through the transport of oxygen vacancies. The resistance switching effect of BEFM/ZCuxO composite films may have potential applications in the field of non-volatile storage and multifunction storage.

Vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease, caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae, is one of the cocoa diseases responsible for decreasing cocoa production and declining cocoa plantation area in Indonesia. Planting cocoa clones with partial resistance to VSD has been useful in managing the disease. These have been produced by grafting or budding selected resistant genotype of cocoa onto unselected seedlings. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rootstock × scion combinations on VSD resistance through top grafting. The experiment used five rootstocks and scions selected from five clones, namely: MCC-01, Sulawesi 1 (S-1), M-05, RB, BB-01 and the disease evaluation was carried out under natural infection conditions for 18 months. The experimental area was surrounded by cocoa trees from a severely VSD-infested cocoa farm. M-05 performed well for suppression of VSD incidence and severity as a scion regardless of the genotype of the rootstocks followed by Sulawesi 1 (S-1). The rootstocks M-05 and S-1 did not significantly reduce VSD incidence or severity on the susceptible scions from different clones such as MCC-01, RB and BB-01. MCC-01 showed a higher incidence and severity of VSD as a scion regardless of the rootstock genotype. This research proves that rootstocks from cocoa genotypes considered resistant, moderately susceptible, or susceptible to VSD, have little effect on cocoa scion resistance to VSD. Cocoa scion genotypes play a crucial role in VSD resistance.

The role of physical effort on the resistance to change is controversial. While some studies show that physical effort negatively affects resistance to change, others did not report this effect. We...

The effect of microelement manganese top-dressing on resistance of soft wheat to powdery mildew № pathogen was studied. То study the effect of the element manganese on the development of the pathogen, wheat seedlings were fed with а 0,2% solution of КМn04. Infected plants not fed with the test solution served as control.Observations on the intensity of germination of conidia of the powdery mildew pathogen on wheat leaves showed that the spomlation of conidia in the variant with feeding with 0,2% КМn04 solution was lower than in the control variant. We found that in the control variant without the use of а КМn04 solution, the colonies of powdery mildew fungus were characterized Ьу abundant spomlation, the formation of а halo was observed. In the experimental variant the growth and reproduction of conidia proceeded more slowly and halos were not noticeaЫe. In this study in the control variant ofthe experiment, the predominance of conidial chains in the colonies ofthe powdery mildew pathogen was noted in comparison with the variant with feeding.Thus, it was found that feed solution of0,2% КМn04 leads to а decrease in the formation of appressoria and the number of visiЫe colonies of the powdery mildew pathogen on wheat leaves. The presented results confIГm that top-dressing with microelement manganese enhances resistance ofwheat against powdery mildew.

We present a comprehensive study of the ON-resistance ( ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ ) of Ga2O3 trench-MOS Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), with a focus on the effect of sidewall interface trapping. Capacitance–voltage characteristics of MOS-capacitors and current–voltage characteristics of trench SBDs were all repeatedly measured under increasing forward-bias stress voltage to at least +15 V. Both reveal an increase in negative charges trapped near the MOS interface under increasing forward bias, as well as slow detrapping. The slow detrapping in trench SBDs causes a current collapse and a delayed turn-on behavior in the trench SBDs due to sidewall depletion. Through modeling of the fresh ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ , we found that the sidewall depletion can be eliminated under sufficiently high forward bias. Interestingly, the dynamic ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ under the forward-bias stress is lower than the fresh ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ . Such an anomalous behavior is well-explained by analytical calculation of the apparent differential ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ , which can be lowered by a modulation of fin-channel conductivity under forward bias. This study highlights the importance of sidewall interface quality in trench-MOS SBDs and calls for scrutiny on the interpretation of the apparent differential ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ , as artificially low values may arise due to the voltage dependence of ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ .

Our research evaluates the efficacy of higher in comparison with moderate animal-based protein intake on resistance exercise training-induced muscle strength, clinical biomarkers, and gut microbiota in middle-aged adults through a dietary counseling-controlled intervention. Higher protein intake did not potentiate training adaptations, nor did the intervention effect disease biomarkers. Both diet and exercise modified gut microbiota composition. Collectively, moderate amounts of high-quality, animal-based protein is sufficient to promote resistance exercise adaptations at the onset of aging.

An accumulation-mode lateral double-diffused MOSFET (LDMOS) is proposed and its mechanism is investigated in this article. To optimize the tradeoff between breakdown voltage (BV) and specific ON-resistance ( ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ ), the idea of separating the breakdown area from the conduction path is designed. The N-type buffer layer is adopted to obtain ideal reverse characteristics for accumulation-mode LDMOS. The electrons are introduced to eliminate the dependence of the ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ on the doping concentration of the drift region. Simulation results show that the ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ of the proposed LDMOS is 6.83 $\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{{2}}$ with the BV of 460 V, which is less than 30.2 $\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{{2}}$ that of the conventional LDMOS with the BV of 223 V for the same drift region length of $20~\mu \text{m}$ . Moreover, the ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ of ac-NBL LDMOS is only 2.07 $\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{{2}}$ , which is reduced by 93% compared with the conventional LDMOS with the same BV of 223 V. A better tradeoff between BV and ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ can be obtained by eliminating the dependence of ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ on the doping concentration, and the ${R}_{\text {on},\text {sp}}$ of ac-NBL LDMOS increases much more slowly than that of conventional LDMOS as BV increases.

espanolObjetivo: Es responsabilidad de los medios, como servicio publico, adaptarse a la realidad tecnologica multimedia, para seguir desempenando con eficacia su labor informativa. Sin embargo, cualquier proceso de cambio en una organizacion, implica una resistencia inicial y un proceso de adaptacion de los profesionales. Analizamos el proceso de resistencia al cambio, sus causas, consecuencias y posibles estrategias de prevencion, a traves de situaciones reales en un medio audiovisual (RTVE).Metodologia:Revision bibliografica sistematica de la literatura sobre la resistencia al cambio en los medios ante la introduccion de nuevas tecnologias y de la experiencia publicada sobre tres escenarios: digitalizacion de Informativos, Redaccion Digital Centralizada en los centros territoriales y efectos de la pandemia COVID-19. Discusion-Resultados:Se exponen mecanismos implicados en la resistencia al cambio, como ciertas caracteristicas de los profesionales (trayectoria profesional, experiencia con nuevas tecnologias) y del proceso (cambios de rol que implican salir de la zona de confort del profesional). Se presentan los mecanismos de oposicion al cambio (huelgas, rechazo encubierto) y las estrategias preventivas que resultaron eficaces (implicacion de los profesionales en el diseno del proceso, eficacia de los dinamizadores o refuerzos positivos en la forma de incentivos). Conclusiones:La profesionalidad y veterania de la plantilla pudo haber contribuido al rechazo al cambio, aunque ha garantizado el implantarlo con escasa conflictividad. Como estrategias eficaces para superar la resistencia se presentan los refuerzos positivos, la implicacion en el diseno de los profesionales y el aumento de la comunicacion bidireccional fundamentada en las propias tecnologias (redes sociales) EnglishObjective: It is the responsibility of the media, as a public service, to adapt to the multimedia technological reality, in order to continue to carry out their informative work effectively. However, any process of change in an organization implies an initial resistance and a process of adaptation by the professionals. We analyze the processof resistance to change, its causes, consequences and possible prevention strategies, through real situations in an audiovisual media (RTVE).Methodology: Systematic bibliographic review of the literature on resistance to change in the media in the face of the introduction of new technologies and the experience published on three scenarios: A new Digitalized and Centrally-accessible Information in territorial centers and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.Discussion-Results: Mechanisms involved in resistance to change are exposed, such as certain characteristics of the professionals (professional career, experience with new technologies) and of the process (role changes out of the professional's comfort zone). The mechanisms of opposition to change (strikes,disguised rejection) and the preventive strategies that were effective (involvement of professionals in the design of the process, effectiveness of facilitators or positive reinforcements in the form of incentives) are presented.Conclusions: The professionalism and seniority of the staff could have contributed to the rejection of the change, although it has guaranteed to implement it with little conflict. As effective strategies to overcome resistance, positive reinforcement, involvement in the design of professionals and the increase in two-way communication based on the technologies themselves (social networks) are presented

Flixweed [Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl] is a notorious broadleaf weed that is widely distributed in winter wheat–growing areas of China and has evolved resistance to tribenuron-methyl mainly due to target-site resistance (TSR) mutations in acetolactate synthase (ALS). In the current research, two ALS genes were identified in tribenuron-methyl–susceptible (TS) or tribenuron-methyl–resistant (TR) D. sophia. Resistance mutations of Asp-376-Glu and Pro-197-Ala were identified on ALS1 and ALS2 isozymes in TR D. sophia, respectively. The TR D. sophia evolved 10,836.3-fold resistance to tribenuron-methyl and displayed cross-resistance to multiple ALS-inhibiting herbicides with different chemical structures. Dose response experiments and ALS activity assay indicated that two mutated ALS isozymes contributed differentially in resistance to tribenuron-methyl, flucetosulfuron, and pyribenzoxim. In addition, the relative expression level of the ALS1 gene was 2.2- and 1.6-fold higher than ALS2 genes in TR D. sophia at 1 and 7 d after tribenuron-methyl treatment, respectively. In contrast, the relative expression level of ALS1 and ALS2 in TS D. sophia is similar. This is the first research that explored different roles of ALS isozymes in resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides, which might provide a new perspective for the weed resistance management.

Esophageal manometry is one of the main axes in diagnostic armamentarium that deals with esophageal motility disorders, next to endoscopic and radiological methods. Traditional, conventional manometry, has greatly been replaced by a modern technique, high resolution manometry which enables not only better spatiotemporal signal resolution and compatibility, but also shortens the time of the procedure which is extremely important for patients undergoing it. Two catheters are being used, solid state and water perfused. Both record pressures within the esophageal lumen and both esophageal sphincters. Contemporary technology has also enabled incorporation of impedance sensors into the catheter. Impedance is based on resistance changes to liquid or food boluses.These changes help in bolus transit evaluation, reducing the need for ionization procedures. Each examined bolus (liquid or solid) is evaluated according to Chicago classification criteria and parameters that are within these criteria. According to the third version of the Classification, functional esophageal disorders are divided into EGJ outflow obstruction disorders, major peristaltic and minor peristaltic disorders. Introduction of this methodology, but also the continuous update of Chicago classification, help in timely diagnosis and further treatment of all the more frequently diagnosed functional esophageal disorders.

Long-term hypothermic storage of animal blood can lead to the loss of its quality and can cause complications in recipient animals after transfusion, so the search for new methods of increasing the preservation of erythrocytes after hypothermic storage continues. The article presents the data of the ozonation effect on the preservation rate of ovine and human erythrocytes during hypothermic storage with Alsever’s solution and mannitol medium. Hemolysis, osmotic fragility and distribution density of ovine and human erythrocytes by the sphericity index were determined at different stages of hypothermic storage. The ovine erythrocytes in the control had a lower osmotic resistance compared to human erythrocytes; however, their osmotic fragility did not change significantly after hypothermic storage for 8 weeks, and for human erythrocytes, it significantly increased. Storage of ovine and human erythrocytes longer than 8 weeks led to a sharp hemolysis, while the level of hemolysis of ovine erythrocytes was lower than that of human erythrocytes. Preservation of ozonated erythrocytes is higher than non-ozonated ones during prolonged hypothermic storage. The effect of ozonation on the preservation rate of red blood cells depended on the composition of the preservation media. Hypothermal storage of human erythrocytes in Alsever’s solution for up to 8 weeks led to a shift in the density of distribution according to the sphericity index towards spheroidization of cells; in a medium with mannitol, the number of flattened cell forms increased. After 8 weeks of hypothermic storage of ovine erythrocytes, most of the cells had high sphericity indices. Pretreatment of human and sheep erythrocytes with ozone allows the distribution of cells to be kept closer to the control during long-term storage, which is especially pronounced in mannitol medium. Ovine erythrocytes retained the ability to form rosettes with human T-lymphocytes after hypothermic storage for up to 12 weeks. Thus, ozone pretreatment and the use of mannitol as part of hypothermic storage medium could be an approach to improve the quality of preserved ovine erythrocytes.

Dengue fever is caused by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Using of synthetic larvicides has been so many impact on resistance and can damage the environment. Therefore, naturl larvaside by using ethanol and methanol extracts from kepok banana peel (Musa acuminata-xbalbisiana) againts the death of larvae of Aedes aegypti instar III and IV. This research wasexperimental, with concentration of ethanol extract and methanol treatment of 0,5%, 0,75%, 1%, 2,5%, 5%, kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif controls in five replicaions. Larval mortality is calculated after the first 6 hours of death for up to 24 hours. Larvicidal activity data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and probit test to find the LC50 value. The results of the study obtained the value of LC50 in ethanol extrack of kepok banana peels at 3,264% and methanol at 2,681%. LT50 values in the best ethanol and methanol extracts were obtained at a concentration of 5% of 12,136 hour and 12,979 hour.

The study aimed to compare the effect of performing the same or different exercises for a muscle group on resistance training (RT) sessions on muscle hypertrophy at different sites along muscle length. Twenty-two detrained men (23.3±4.1 years) were randomly allocated to the following groups: a group that performed the same exercises in all training sessions (N-VAR=11) or one that varied the exercises for the same muscle groups (VAR=11). All were submitted to 3 weekly sessions for nine weeks. Muscle thickness was assessed at the proximal, middle, and distal sites of the lateral and anterior thigh, elbow flexors, and extensors by B-mode ultrasound. The VAR group significantly increased all the sites analyzed (P0.05). Our results suggest that to perform different resistance exercises can induce hypertrophy of all sites assessed in detrained young men.

The literature of Black female authors in Brazil has always been the target of a process of erasure and marginalization that historically mirrors the overall imposed condition on people of African ...

As a sovereign maritime country, Indonesia has an obligation to protect, maintain, and manage marine and fishery resources. Patrol boats as the primary means of monitoring marine and fishery resources are needed in response to several problems and threats that may occur, such as illegal fishing, destructive fishing, violations of zoning in fisheries conservation areas and others. Apart from having to be adequate on the number of units, the patrol boats must also have suitable technology to support pursuit operations and suppress violations. The main objective of this research is to investigate the total resistance and intact stability behavior of the developed axe bow hull geometry for the patrol boat hull. The preliminary design is started with the determination of the principal dimension of the patrol boat. Then the hull geometry configurations were made with the variation of the depth of bow and the water line spline type. In the case of the depth of bow, the bow with the additional depth of 30%, 40% and 50% of the draft was investigated. Otherwise, the water line spline type was configured as convex spline, concave spline and straight spline. According to the numerical analysis, the axe bow hull with the depth of bow of 30% and the straight spline type was presented the smallest total resistance performance. However, in the case of intact stability performance, all developed axe bow hull presented a similar righting moment lever arm (GZ curve). It is indicated that the total resistance of the axe bow hull is influenced by the depth of bow and water line spline type. Furthermore, those variables have a slight influence on intact stability performance.

A GaN-based vertical superjunction high electron mobility transistor (SJ HEMT) with a composite structure (CS-SJ HEMT) is proposed and analyzed by Silvaco TCAD to improve the breakdown voltage and specific on-resistance (RonA). In this paper, CS-SJ HEMT is compared with SJ HEMT with traditional structure (TS-SJ HEMT), SJ HEMT with only particular doping pillars (DP-SJ HEMT) and SJ HEMT with only special P-gate (SP-SJ HEMT). The particular doping pillars mean the doping concentration of n-pillar increases with a gradient from top to bottom, and the concentration of p-pillar is the same as the middle of n-pillar, which reduces the RonA by only 4%. The special P-GaN cap layer can reduce the RonA by 10%, and it can even increase the on-state current in the saturation region. The CS-SJ HEMT combines both doping pillars and special P-gate structures, and the RonA can be reduced by 14%. By the optimized design, the RonA can be reduced by 30% with BV = 2580 V, or the RonA can be reduced by 21% with BV = 2720 V. These results show that the composite structure of SJ HEMT contributes to improving the BV and RonA and propose a useful approach for improving the vertical HEMTs.

The paper presents experimental studies of an asymmetric multi-bolted connection at the preloading state. Design assumptions and structure of a stand for testing forces in bolts in a multi-bolted connection were introduced. The tightening process was conducted with a wrench, monitoring the values of the forces in the bolts using a calibrated measuring system based on resistance strain gauges. The measurement data was processed using the Matlab R2018b Simulink program. Two methods of bolt tightening were tested: in one pass (in which the bolts were tightened in a specific sequence and each bolt was tightened immediately to the full preload value) and in several passes (in which the bolts were also tightened sequentially but the full preload value was applied to the bolts in three tightening cycles). The influence of the method and sequence of bolt tightening on the distribution of force values in bolts during and at the end of the preloading state was investigated. The results were statistically processed and summarized in the form of diagrams showing the distributions of normalized force values in the bolts for all the considered tightening cases. The tests were carried out for the selected connection and an assembly method was proposed which would make it possible to achieve the most even distribution of the force values in the bolts at its end, and thus before the connection exploitation state.

HighlightsA handheld device was developed for automatic on-site measurement of fruit firmness.The prototype device achieved better performance than a typical commercial penetrometer.Two commonly used firmness-related parameters could be predicted based on the prototype readings.The distribution and changes of firmness could be visualized based on 3D models of the prototype readings.Abstract. Firmness is an important indicator of fruit quality. The devices for on-site fruit firmness measurement need to be portable, low-cost, lightweight, reliable, and flexible. Existing portable devices can provide firmness-related parameters, but their measurement results cannot be converted to each other. Their measurement results are also susceptible to operator error due to the manual measurement process. To solve this problem, a prototype handheld device was developed based on sensing fruit resistance to achieve automatic on-site firmness measurement of fruit with edible peel and provide commonly used firmness-related parameters. The prototype’s precision was verified by analyzing the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurement results with four Shore hardness blocks. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the results obtained by the same operator were less than 0.61%, and there was no significant difference among the results obtained by different operators (p < 0.05), which indicated that the prototype could provide reliable measurement results. A case study of peaches was performed, and the results showed that (1) the prototype had better performance than a commercial penetrometer, (2) two commonly used firmness-related parameters could be predicted based on regression models between a texture analyzer and the prototype readings (R2P = 0.908 and RMSEP = 4.191 N for maximum force; R2P = 0.923 and RMSEP = 1.613 N mm-1 for initial slope), (3) changes in the prototype readings for peaches during growth corresponded with the growth characteristics, and (4) the distribution and changes of peach firmness over time could be visualized based on 3D models of the prototype readings. Keywords: Automatic, Fruit firmness, Handheld device, High precision, Peach.

Research on resistance to persuasion has examined a number of relevant variables such as one’s bolstering of one’s own argument and, for example, generating counterarguments in order to resist a pe...

An ultralow specific on-resistance ( ${R} _{\mathrm{ on,sp}}$ ) accumulation-mode LDMOS (ALDMOS) is proposed and investigated by simulations and experiments. The proposed ALDMOS features two separated integrated diodes (SID) above the N-drift surface, which forms high density electron accumulation layer in the on-state. Meanwhile, the SID not only assists depleting the N-drift to increase the N-drift doping centration ( ${N} _{\mathrm{ d}}$ ) in the off-state, but also modulates the lateral electric field to improve the breakdown voltage (BV). Thus, the proposed SID ALDMOS could achieve ultralow ${R} _{\mathrm{ on,sp}}$ and maintain high BV simultaneously. The layout and key fabrication processes of the SID ALDMOS are demonstrated. The measured results show that the SID ALDMOS realizes a BV of 483V and ${R} _{\mathrm{ on,sp}}$ of 29.3m $\boldsymbol{\Omega } $ .cm2, with a high FOM value of 7.96MW/cm2. Its ${R} _{\mathrm{ on,sp}}$ is decreased by 33.7% compared with triple RESURF LDMOS at the same BV.

Introduction. One of the primary objectives in the development of promising aircraft products is to reduce the weight of the aircraft structure. This problem can be solved by applying new low density materials such as aluminum alloys alloyed with lithium (for example, Al-Cu-Li-Zn) in the design of parts. The use of these materials in aircraft construction is limited by the processing technology, which must be such as not to damage the material and not reduce its strength properties. Such technologies include processing by pressure with heating, when creep processes are activated and the material passes into a state close to superplasticity. The purpose of the work: assessment of the effect of pressure shaping of aluminum alloys Al-Cu-Li-Zn and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu in creep mode on strength. The paper investigates the influence of the technology of pressure shaping of aluminum alloys Al-Cu-Li-Zn and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu on the resistance to fatigue failure. The work uses a method that allows to determine the ultimate stresses using diagrams of the accumulation of irreversible deformations; method of forming thick plates (40 mm) in the creep mode. The previously selected optimum temperatures for forming the plates are used. A non-contact coordinate measuring system is used to perform surface inspection after shaping. Fractography of the fracture of samples of alloy Al-Cu-Li-Zn and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu after fatigue failure is performed. Mathematical modeling of the deformation process of plates in creep mode is carried out in the MSC.Marc package. As a result, a conservative evaluation of the endurance limit for aluminum alloys Al-Cu-Li-Zn and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu is obtained. The shaping of thick plates in the creep mode is carried out. More than 80% of the board surface is formed with a deviation of less than 1 mm from the target size. Fatigue tests of samples made of molded panels of alloys Al-Cu-Li-Zn and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu are carried out, fatigue curves are plotted. The fractography of the surface of the fatigue fracture showed the presence of oxides in the samples of alloy Al-Cu-Li-Zn, in contrast to alloy Al-Zn-Mg-Cu. The results of fatigue tests are discussed, showing that the characteristics of the technological process of shaping and heat treatment do not deteriorate the fatigue properties of the investigated alloys. Comparative tests show that alloy Al-Cu-Li-Zn has higher fatigue characteristics. Mathematical modeling show that the use of the Boyle-Norton steady-state creep law is not enough to describe the process of plate forming. The necessity of setting the inverse problem of creep age forming is noted, where the coordinates of the punches of the loading device should act as boundary conditions.

Objective: To investigate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on resistance training volume and discomfort of well-trained adults. Background: PBMT has been used to attenuate fatigue i...

The search for safe and effective drugs that can influence the course and correction of metabolic syndrome, especially in the older age group, has drawn attention to the possibilities of using an antioxidant from the bioflavonoid group, quercetin. The search for literature data indicates the absence of clinical studies on the use of quercetin in order to increase resistance to hypoxia in elderly people with metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study. To establish the response to an acute hypoxic test in the elderly people with metabolic syndrome after a course of quercetin in comparison with the control group. The object was 110 elderly patients with metabolic syndrome criteria, of which 55 people took quercetin (drug “Kvertin” PAO SPC «Borshchahivskiy CPP», 80 mg three times a day for 3 months), and 55 people took placebo and formed a control group. Methods. Anthropometric measurements; biochemical study with determination of glucose in blood plasma, lipids in blood serum; measurement of blood pressure; hypoxic test to determine resistance to hypoxia. Results. The course use of quercetin led to a less significant decrease in SрO2 in the main group of patients during the hypoxic test. Also, in the main group, after treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, both at the beginning of HP and at 20 minutes of HP compared to the baseline level and the control group. In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in the double product – an indicator that indirectly characterizes the level of oxygen consumption by the myocardium in the main group compared to the control group. Conclusions. Course use of quercetin significantly increases the body’s resistance to hypoxia in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome. The antihypoxic effect of quercetin can be used to correct conditions associated with oxygen deficiency.

This article summarizes the literature describing how antimicrobial stewardship and telemedicine interventions affect antimicrobial resistance. Discussion includes why we need stewardship, how to collaborate with team members, and the evidence of stewardship's and telemedicine's impact on resistance.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:41:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-04-01 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with a higher versus lower training volume on oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in older women. Thirty-eight older women (≥60 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: a group that performed 1 set per exercise (low volume [LV], n = 18) or 3 sets per exercise (high volume [HV], n = 20). The whole-body RT consisted of a 12-week RT program involving 8 exercises performed with sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, 3 days per week. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) were used as OS biomarkers. The composite Z-score of the percentage changes from pre-to posttraining of OS biomarkers according to groups was calculated. A significant main effect of time (p < 0.05) was found for AOPP (LV =-7.3% vs. HV =-12.2%) and TRAP (LV = +1.5% vs. HV = +15.5%) concentrations, without a statistical difference between the groups (p > 0.05). A significant group vs. time interaction (p < 0.001) was revealed for FOX (LV = +6.4% vs. HV =-8.9%). The overall analysis indicated higher positive changes for HV than LV (composed Z-score: HV = 0.41 ± 1.22 vs. LV =-0.37 ± 1.03; p < 0.05). Our results suggest that a greater volume of RT seems to promote superior improvements on OS biomarkers in older women. Metabolism Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory Londrina State University Center for Research in Health Sciences University of Northern Paraná Exercise Science Department Cuny Lehman College Clinical Analyses Laboratory Londrina State University Department of Pathology Botucatu School of Medicine São Paulo State University Exercise and Nutrition Metabolism Center The Department of Public Health Botucatu School of Medicine São Paulo State University Exercise and Health Laboratory Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance Faculty of Human Kinetics University of Lisbon Department of Pathology Botucatu School of Medicine São Paulo State University Exercise and Nutrition Metabolism Center The Department of Public Health Botucatu School of Medicine São Paulo State University