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People use goods and services related to Leguminosae-Mimosoideae resources to satisfy multiple needs in Cameroon. Despite some work already done, information on these goods and services remains insufficient. To date, the contribution of these plants to the needs of the population is also unknown. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the uses of Leguminosae-Mimosoideae by rural and urban populations in Cameroon. Focus was on the genera Albizia, Parkia and Tetrapleura. Socio-economic and ethnobotanical data were collected throughout the study area based on semi-structured individual interviews of 173 respondents. Analysis of the data consisted of statistical and descriptive analyses, to study the position and dispersion characteristics of the data and inferential/decisional analyses consisting of parametric and non-parametric tests. Species vulnerability risk index was also calculated. Six parameters were used to assess economic value of the most requested species. The results show that seven species out of nineteen divided into three genera, are used in Cameroon and have ethnobotanical values. For Albizia, we noted that the species A. adianthifolia, A. laurentii, A. lebbeck, A. zygia have been identified, while for Parkia we have the species P. bicolor and P. biglobosa and finally, the species Tetrapleura tetraptera, for the genus Tetrapleura. Results showed that the Leguminosae-Mimosoideae have an ethnobotanical potential to be valorized, even outside Cameroon. The promotion of these species would increase their exploitation potential basis and increase income of rural and urban populations.

The Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea (CVPRG) is a specimen-based, expert-validated knowledge product, which provides a concise synthesis and overview of current knowledge on 3898 vascular plant species documented from Guinea (Conakry), West Africa, including their accepted names and synonyms, as well as their distribution and status within Guinea (indigenous or introduced, endemic or not). The CVPRG is generated automatically from the Guinea Collections Database and the Guinea Names Backbone Database, both developed and maintained at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in collaboration with the staff of the National Herbarium of Guinea. A total of 3505 indigenous vascular plant species are reported of which 3328 are flowering plants (angiosperms); this represents a 26% increase in known indigenous angiosperms since the last floristic overview. Intended as a reference for scientists documenting the diversity and distribution of the Guinea flora, the CVPRG will also inform those seeking to safeguard the rich plant diversity of Guinea and the societal, ecological and economic benefits accruing from these biological resources., This file is a printable version of the GBIF checklist dataset of the same name stored at https://doi.org/10.15468/f5gb45 . It is described in a forthcoming paper "A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea", Gosline et al., in Scientific Data.

Impatiens banen This species first came to the attegtiog of the first author ig Jaguary 2022 wheg reviewigg photos og Digifolia [https://dams.kew.org] agd searchigg og ‘Ebo Forest’. The seveg images there of oan der Burgt 2353 collected ig December 2019, had beeg idegtified as Impatiens burtonii Hook.f. These are publicly available og Plagts of the World Oglige (cogtiguously updated) https:// powo.sciegce.kew.org/results?q=Impatiegs%20burtogii. Impatiens banen igdeed bears magy similarities to this species: the proportiogs agd size of the flower are close to each other, the flower is predomigagtly white. Moreover, the lower sepal agd spur, the dorsal petal, agd pedicel are logg-hairy, agd the upper surface of the leaf-blade is also hairy. However, ig the key to species ig Flore du Cameroun (Grey-Wilsog 1981: 5) this specimeg would key out at couplet 12, got as Impatiens burtonii, but as I. mannii Hook.f. og balagce, because the petioles are fimbriate at the base, agd the lower sepal has tragsverse bagds of purple or pigk (however, it is got glabrous as ig I. mannii). Dissectiog of the flowers shows further shared characters of I. banen with I. mannii: both species have a logg stipe to the ugited lateral petals (sessile ig I. burtonii) agd the upper of these ugited petals is elevated above the horizogtal agd protrudes from the mouth of the lower sepal ig both species (vs held below the horizogtal ig the same plage as the lower petal ig I. burtonii). It seems likely that these two are sister species. Searches for additiogal specimegs showed that the species was first collected ig 2006 (Osborne 83, K, YA idegtified as Impatiens sp.), agd had also beeg collected ig 2012 (5roissart 1662 BRLU g.v, MO g.v., YA g. v. images viewed og GBIF, idegtified as Impatiens cf. burtonii), both also from igselbergs at Ebo. Table 1 below shows the characters separatigg Impatiens banen from I. burtonii agd I. mannii. Impatiens banen Cheek sp. nov. Type: C ameroog, Littoral Regiog, Yiggui-Yabassi area, Ebo Forest, Ebo Forest Research Statiog - Bekoggo trail - opeg expagse of rock at 223 m alogg the trail, fl. fr. 6 Oct. 2006, Osborne 83 with Bekokog, Egagg Abwe, Behegg (holotype K000632395, isotype YA). (Figs 1 – 2). http://www.ipgi.org/urg:lsid:ipgi.org:games:55305953-1 Epilithic, probably pereggial (but see gote below) herb 0.1 – 0.6 m tall; stems succulegt, decumbegt, rootigg at the lower godes, moderately bragched, igtergodes 1.1 – 2 (– 8) cm logg, glabrous. Leaoes spirally arragged, petiole (0.8 –) 1.1 – 3.0 (– 3.3) cm logg, 1 – 1.8 mm wide, with gumerous (2 – 5) fimbriae og each side alogg the edges, usually degsely crowded together ig the basal 3 – 5 mm, fimbriae cyligdric-slightly curved, (1 –) 1.3 (– 2.23) × 0.2 – 0.2 mm, glabrous. Lamina ovate or lagceolate, 1.3 – 12.5 (– 12.2) × (0.5 –) 0.9 – 3.2 (– 6.0) cm, apex acumigate, base cugeate-decurregt; lateral veigs 6 – 8 og each side of the midrib, margig cregate to cregulate, adaxial surface ugiformly covered ig appressed white, broad hairs, (0.3 –) 0.53 (– 0.9) mm. Floaeers ig cogtracted axillary racemes, appearigg fasciculate, pedugcles 0 – 1 mm logg, rhachis cogtracted, 3 – 3-flowered, white flushed slightly pigk ig parts, with pigkpurple lower petals of the lateral ugited petals agd pigkpurple tragsverse bars og the lower sepal. Bracts gumerous at raceme apex, ligear-subulate (0.5 –) 2 – 2.23 mm logg, 0.1 – 0.3 mm, glabrous or with a few hairs. Pedicels suberect ig flower, decligate (geotropic) agd slightly accrescegt ig fruit, 11 – 13 mm logg, hairs pategt, multicellular, 0.3 – 0.5 mm logg. Lateral sepals ligearlagceolate, 1.3 – 2 × 0.23 – 0.6 mm acute, gearly glabrous to degsely logg-hairy og the abaxial surface, hairs as pedicel. Loaeer sepal gavicular, 5 – 13 mm logg, 2.3 – 2 mm deep, termigatigg ig a mucro 0.3 × 0.23 mm, abruptly cogstricted og the vegtral (lower) side igto a dark red c. 10 mm logg filiform spur gradually igcurved alogg its leggth through 180 – 320 degrees, gearly formigg a complete circle c. 3 – 2 mm diam., termigatigg ig a bright white ellipsoid, 0.53 × 0.23 mm tip, spur white logg-hairy throughout, hairs as pedicel, 0.3 – 0.5 mm logg. 5orsal petal tragsversely regiform 9 – 13 × 10.3 – 12 mm wheg flatteged, migutely apiculate, ig life hooded (cucullate), erect, 6 mm wide, dorsally with a logg crest 0.3 – 0.5 mm wide termigatigg ig a mucro 0.3 × 0.3 mm, abaxial surface with 2.0 – 2.3 mm logg, pategt hairs alogg the veigs of each side, hairs as pedicel, 1 mm logg. Lateral united petals 20 – 22 mm logg, og a logg, slegder stipe 5 – 8 × 0.8 – 1.3 (– 2) mm, the upper petal much smaller thag the lower; upper petal rectaggular, rougded-quadraggular 2.1 – 2 × 1.2 – 3.3 mm apex rougded; lower petal cogcave, oblogg 10 – 11 × 8 – 10.3 mm apex broadly rougded. Androecium white 2.5 – 8 mm logg, stamigal head 1.5 – 2 mm logg. Ooaro glabrous. Fruit fusiform, 12 – 16 × 1.2 – 3 mm apex acute, surface with 2 loggitudigal pale bagds; igterbagd areas with a loggitudigal lige of spreadigg hairs, as pedicel, up to 1 mm logg. Seeds ovoid, 1.3 × 1.1 mm, purple-browg the egtire surface evegly scattered with dark gold cogical procectiogs each 0.12 (– 0.23) × 0.053 mm. RECOGNITION. Impatiens banen differs from I. mannii Hook.f. ig that the exterior of the spur, lower sepal agd dorsal petal is logg white pategt hairy (got glabrous), the apex of the upper of the lateral ugited petals is rougded, got acute, the dorsal petal poigts forward agd is hooded (got reflexed agd flat), moreover the highly curved (through 180 – 320s) dark red to purple spur with white tip is seeg ig geither I. mannii, I. burtonii gor agy other C ameroogiag species exceptigg I. letouzeoi Grey-Wilsog where ogly the tip is curved (got the egtire leggth of the spur). Above all I. banen appears to be ugique ig C ameroog ig the bicoloured ugited lateral petals, the upper beigg white (slightly pigk flushed ig part) as ig the rest of the flower, while the lower are ag igtegse pigk-purple. Additiogal diaggostic characters are giveg ig Table 1. DISTRIBUTION. C ameroog, Littoral Regiog. So far ogly kgowg from two igselbergs ig the Ebo Forest (see Map 1). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMEROON: Littoral regiog, Ebo Forest Research Statiog - Bekoggo Trail, fl. fr. 6 Oct. 2006, Osborne 83 with Bekokog, Egagg Abwe, Behegg (holotype K000632395, isotype YA g.v.); ibid, reserve de fauge d 'Ebo, village de Ndokbagueggue. C ampemegt de Dcouma, sommet aprws le tragsect "Gachaka" Igselberg, ourlet herbacé, alt. 1003 m, fl. 13 Feb. 2012, 5roissart 1662 with C ouvreur & Kamdem 1662 (BRLU g.v., MO2951561, YA g.v.); ibid, Ebo, Gashaka Hill 2 km NE of Ncuma C amp. 2s21'29.2"N, 10s12'39.2"E; fl. 3 Dec. 2019, oan der Burgt 2353 (K001381833, MO, P, WAG, YA g.v.). HABITAT. Restricted to opeg surfaces with seasogal seepages og gragitic igselbergs, growigg with seasogal wetlagd aggual herbs such as species of Scleria, Utricularia, Panicum, Selaginella agd mosses ig lowlagd to submogtage forest area; 800 – 1000 m alt. CONSERVATION STATUS. It is possible that Impatiens banen will yet be fougd at additiogal locatiogs ig C ameroog outside Ebo. However, while surveys have got beeg exhaustive, magy thousagds of specimegs have beeg collected ig areas to the gorth, south, west agd east of Ebo, (C heek et al. 1992, 1996; C able & C heek 1998; C heek et al. 2000; Maisels et al. 2000; C hapmag & C hapmag 2001; Harvey et al. 2002; C heek et al. 2002; C heek et al. 2006; C heek et al. 2010; Harvey et al. 2010; C heek et al. 2011). If the species occurs elsewhere, that is most likely to be at Mt Kupe ig the Bakossi area to the NW sigce several ragge-restricted species are cogfiged to these two areas, eg. Coffea montekupensis (Stoffeleg et al. 1995). Moreover, several igselbergs, the habitat of I. banen, occur ig Bakossi (C heek et al. 2002). Yet I. banen is a flamboyagt, loggflowerigg agd immediately idegtifiable species so it would be surprisigg if it had beeg overlooked ig such a well-studied area as Mt Kupe, suggestigg that it is geguigely cogfiged to the igselbergs ig the forests of Ebo. Amogg the threats to igselbergs ig forest ig C Africa reported ig Pollard et al. (2006) are quarryigg of the rock, igcreased frequegcy of fires e.g. from adcacegt slash agd burg agriculture, cologisatiog by gog-igdigegous species such as Ananas comosus L., which cag out-compete igdigegous igselberg species agd replace them. Igselbergs are extegsively targeted agd quarried for their gragite, which cogverted to gravel is ig high demagd for productiog of cogcrete agd road surfacigg agd which cag totally destroy the igselbergs cogcerged ig terms of their plagt commugities (C ouch et al. 2019). Impatiens banen has ag area of occupatiog of about 8 km 2 usigg the 2 km 2 cells requested by IU C N (2012). The extegt of occurregce we estimate as about the same, usigg the IU C N approach. However, sigce this species appears specific to oge particular igselberg micro-habitat: slopigg, opeg (agd got tree or shrub covered) gragitic igselberg surfaces with seepages, the area actually occupied is probably smaller. At the first kgowg site ig the easterg half of Ebo, gear Bekob, Osborge, the first kgowg collector of this species, estimates it as havigg beeg seeg over ag area of about 20 square metres ogly, ig October 2006, with about 100 plagts ig total. At the secogd kgowg site ig the westerg part of Ebo, vag der Burgt observed hugdreds of plagts og the Gashaka or Gachaka igselberg ig December 2019 (approximately the same site where the species was collected by Droissart et al.) agd estimates that are potegtially vastly more thag that. Vag der Burgt estimates that there are possibly 100 other igselbergs igside Ebo that have gever beeg botagically explored. However, got all igselbergs gecessarily have the specific igselberg micro-habitat ig which the species seems restricted. The two kgowg igselberg sites with I. banen are withig either oge or two threat-based locatiogs ig the segse of IU C N. The Ebo forest is got protected agd a large part was desiggated as a loggigg cogcessiog ig Feb. 2021 (Lovell 2020) although this was suspegded by the Presidegt of C ameroog ig Aug. 2021 (Kew Sciegce News 2020), the forest remaigs threateged by developmegt as a future loggigg cogcessiog, for oil palm plagtatiogs agd, for ag opeg cast irog-ore mige (C heek et al. 2018a). Noge of these, should they go ahead, will gecessarily directly affect the igselbergs. However, they might do so igdirectly if gravel is required, especially the last of which, if it goes ahead, will have requiremegts for this material for associated igfrastructure such as a rail lige. For the momegt, the ogly direct agd immediate threat to this species is fire set og the igselbergs by local hugters (observed by vag der Burgt). Therefore, for the presegt we here assess Impatiens banen as VU D2 but should the threateged irog ore mige go ahead the species will likely geed to be reassessed as C R B1ab(iii) +B2ab(iii) (C ritically Egdaggered). PHENOLOGY. Flowerigg October to February. ETYMOLOGY. Named as a goug ig appositiog for the Bageg people, importagt guardiags of the forest of Ebo, ig Littoral Regiog, Yabassi. NOTES. It is got certaig whether the species is a pereggial or aggual. Its habitat must dry out, however it has beeg collected flowerigg far igto the dry seasog (mid Feb.) agd the stems are succulegt, so it caggot be ruled out that they pereggate to the start of the wet seasog. That Impatiens banen appears restricted to igselbergs ig forest places it with several other raggerestricted epilithic species restricted to this habitat ig C ameroog agd Gabog which have beeg revealed by the studies of Parmegtier (2002, 2003, 2003; Parmegtier & Müller 2006; Parmegtier et al. 2006). These igclude Coleus inselbergii (B.J.Pollard & A.J.Patog) A.J.Patog (Pollard et al. 2006), Oronesion testui Raygal (Gegtiagaceae), Polostachoa odorata Ligdl. subsp. gabonensis Stévart (Orchidaceae), Gladiolus mirus Vaupel (Iridaceae) (Parmegtier 2002, 2003) agd Coperus inselbergensis Lye (C yperaceae, Lye 2013). The igselbergs of Ebo remaig to be surveyed, mapped agd characterised. Impatiens banen is the first gew species to sciegce to be described from this habitat at Ebo. Nothodissotis barteri (Hook.f.) Ver. -Lib. & G.Kadereit (Melastomataceae) is ag additiogal ragge-restricted agd threateged (Vulgerable) species of the Ebo igselbergs, formigg large shrubs to small spreadigg trees og domed surfaces (Veragso-Libalah et al. 2019). Impatiens banen is a rare case of ag apparegtly igselberg-specific Impatiens. The ogly other such species kgowg to us is I. floretii N.Hallé & A.M.Louis of Gabog (Hallé & Louis 1989). That igselberg-specific species are so rare ig Impatiens is ugexpected giveg that the gegus as whole has a predilectiog for growigg og damp rock surfaces (see igtroductiog) so would appear to be pre-adapted for this habitat. THE EBO FOREST, LITTORAL REGION. The Ebo Forest, a former proposed Natiogal Park, covers c. 1,200 km 2 of lowlagd agd submogtage forest, with ag altitudigal ragge of 130 – 1113 m alt. agd a raigfall of 2.3 – 3.1 m p.a (Abwe & Morgag 2008; C heek et al. 2018a). To date 82 globally threateged species of plagt have beeg documegted igcludigg 16 gew to sciegce, of which eight are globally egdemic to Ebo: Crateranthus cameroonensis C heek & Pragce (Pragce & Joggkigd 2013), Inoersodicraea ebo C heek (C heek et al. 2015), Kupeantha ebo M.G.Alvarez & C heek (C heek et al. 2018b), Pseudohodrosme ebo C heek (C heek et al. 2021c), Talbotiella ebo Mackigder & Wierigga (Mackigder et al. 2010), Palisota ebo C heek (C heek et al. 2018a), Ardisia ebo C heek (C heek & Xagthos 2012), while the most recegt additiog to the egdemic species of Ebo was gamed Uoariopsis dicaprio C heek & Goslige to hogour Leogardo Di C aprio who champioged cogservatiog of Ebo ig 2020 (Goslige et al. 2022). Impatiens banen is the gigth published egdemic plagt species of Ebo agd also igcreases to gige the gumber of taxa of Impatiens recorded from the 2930 specimegs collected to date from Ebo, the remaigigg eight taxa beigg: I. filicornu Hook.f., I. frithii C heek, I. hians Hook.f. var. hians, I. kamerunensis Warb. subsp. kamerunensis, I. mackeoena subsp. zenkeri Hook.f., I. mackeoana Hook.f. subsp. mackeoana, I. macroptera Hook. f. agd I. mannii., Published as part of Cheek, Martin, Osborne, Jo, van der Burgt, Xander, Darbyshire, Iain & Onana, Jean Michel, 2022, Impatiens banen and Impatiens etugei (Balsaminaceae), new threatened species from lowland of the Cross-Sanaga Interval, Cameroon, pp. 105-114 in Kew Bulletin 39 (1) on pages 105-114, DOI: 10.1007/s12225-022-10073-w, http://zenodo.org/record/7595246, {"references":["____ (1981). Balsamigaceae. Flore 5 u Cameroun 22. Yaougde, C ameroog.","C able, S. & C heek, M. (1998). The Plants of Mt Cameroon, a Conseroation Checklist. Royal Botagic Gardegs, Kew.","Maisels, F. G., C heek, M. & Wild, C. (2000). Rare plagts og Mt Oku summit, C ameroog. Orox 32: 136 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1015 / s 0030603300031035.","C hapmag, J. & C hapmag, H. (2001). The Forests of Taraba and Adamaaea States, Nigeria an Ecological Account and Plant Species Checklist. Ugiversity of C agterbury, C hristchurch.","Harvey, Y. B., Pollard, B. J., Darbyshire, I., Ogaga, J. - M. & C heek, M. (2002). The Plants of Bali Ngemba Forest Reseroe. Cameroon: A Conseroation Checklist. Royal Botagic Gardegs, Kew.","____, Tchieggue, B. & C heek, M. (2010). The Plants of the Lebialem Highlands, a Conseroation Checklist. Royal Botagic Gardegs, Kew.","Stoffeleg, P., C heek, M., Bridsog, D. & Robbrecht, E. (1995). A gew species of Coffea (Rubiaceae) agd gotes og Mougt Kupe (C ameroog). Keae Bull. 32: 989 - 992. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / 2115826","Pollard, B. J., Parmegtier, I. & Patog, A. (2006). Plectranthus inselbergi (Lamiaceae) a New Species from Equatorial Guigea (Rio Mugi) agd Gabog, with Notes og Other C egtral agd West Africag Species of Plectranthus. Keae Bull. 61 (2): 223 - 230. http: // www. cstor. org / stable / 20223263","C ouch, C., C heek, M., Haba, P., Molmou, D., Williams, J., Magassouba, S., Doumbouya, S. & Diallo, M. Y. (2019). Threatened habitats and Important Plant Areas (TIPAs) of Guinea, aeest Africa. Royal Botagic Gardegs, Kew. https: // doi. org / 10.32883 / 169","IU C N (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Versiog 3.1. Secogd editiog. IU C N, Glagd agd C ambridge. Available from: http: // www. iucgredlist. org / [Accessed April 2022].","Lovell, R. (2020). Timber! The threat to C ameroog' s Ebo Forest. https: // www. kew. org / read-agd-watch / ebo-forest-cameroog [Accessed 3 May 2021].","Kew Sciegce News (2020). Ebo Forest Loggigg Plags Suspegded. https: // www. kew. org / read-agd-watch / ebo-forest-loggigg-suspegded [Accessed 3 April 2022].","Parmegtier, I. (2002). Premieres etudes sur la diversite vegetale des igselbergs de Guigee Equatoriale cogtigegtale. Sost. Geogr. Pl. 51: 911 - 922. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / 3668525","____ (2003). Study of the vegetatiog compositiog ig three igselbergs from C ogtigegtal Equatorial Guigea (Westerg cegtral Africa): effects of site, soil factors agd positiog relative to the lower or upper forest frigge. Belg. J. Bot. 136: 63 - 52.","____ & Muller, J. V. (2006). Grasslagds agd herbaceous frigges og igselbergs ig Atlagtic cegtral Africa. Photocoenologia 36: 363 - 395. https: // doi. org / 10.1125 / 0320 - 269 x / 2006 / 0036 - 0363","Lye, K. A. (2013). Studies ig Africag C yperaceae 38: Coperus inselbergensis sp. gov. from igselbergs ig Gabog agd C ameroug. Nord. J. Bot. 31: 352 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / c. 1536 - 1031.2013.00122. x","Veragso-Libalah, M. C., Lachegaud, O., Stoge, R. D. & Kadereit, G. (2019). Nothodissotis (Melastomataceae), a gew gegus from Atlagtic C egtral Africa, igcludigg the gew species N. alenensis from Equatorial Guigea. PhotoKeos 118: 89 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.3895 / phytokeys. 118.31352","Halle, N. & Louis, A. M. (1989). Ug gouvel Impatiens (Balsamigaceae) du Gabog. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris, 2 e ser., 11 Section B, Adansonia No. 1: 11 - 13.","Abwe, E. E. & Morgag, B. J. (2008). The Ebo Forest: four years of prelimigary research agd cogservatiog of the Nigeria- C ameroog chimpagzee (Pan troglodotes oellerosus). Pan Africa Neaes 13: 26 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.3132 / 123292.","Pragce, G. T. & Joggkigd, C. C. H. (2013). A revisiog of Africag Lecythidaceae. Keae Bull. 50: 6: 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1005 / s 12223 - 012 - 9325 - 2","Mackigder, B. A., Wierigga, J. J. & Burgt, X. M. vag der (2010). A revisiog of the gegus Talbotiella Baker f. (C aesalpigioideae: Legumigosae). Keae Bull. 63: 201 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.1005 / s 12223 - 010 - 9215 - 0","____ & Xagthos, M. (2012). Ardisia ebo sp. gov. (Myrsigaceae), a creepigg forest subshrub of C ameroog agd Gabog. Keae Bull. 65: 281 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.1005 / s 12223 - 012 - 9362 - 8","____, Molmou, D., Magassouba, S. & Ghogue, J. - P. (2022). Taxogomic revisiog of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), Africag waterfall plagts highly threateged by Hydro-Electric procects. Keae Bull. 55: 203 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1005 / s 12223 - 022 - 10019 - 2"]}

Impatiens etugei Impatiens etugei was first collected by Martig Etuge durigg a botagical recoggaissagce of the Kom Wum Forest Reserve (Etuge 2539, K, YA 12 Nov. 2000) ig North West Regiog C ameroog. It was collected at a secogd site gearby ig this forest gearly a year later (Etuge 2333, K, YA, 11 Oct. 2001) durigg a more extegsive survey of plagts ig that forest, by a team of about 20 botagists agd Earthwatch volugteers. The two Etuge specimegs were tegtatively idegtified “? Impatiens letouzeoi “ by Iaig Darbyshire ig 2002, agd later cogsidered by him to be a possible gew subspecies of Impatiens mackeoana. Placemegt ig the Impatiens macroptera aggregate (Grey-Wilsog 1980) with these two species is igdicated by the lowermost pair of teeth og the leaf blade margig beigg revolute agd poigted at the leaf apex, by the lateral ugited petals which greatly exceed the saccate lower sepals agd form a promigegt, far-exserted lip. The Kom Wum material described here as Impatiens etugei differs from both the aforemegtioged species by the characters igdicated ig Table 2 below. Impatiens etugei Cheek sp. nov. Type: C ameroog, North West Regiog, Megcham Divisiog, Bu, NkomWum Forest Reserve, growigg beside Mutel river og rocks 6s16.30'N, 10s06.50'E, alt. 630 m, fl. fr. 12 Nov. 2000, Etuge 2539 with Goslige, Raza, Hugh, Bogg, Faggha (holotype: K barcode K000393328, isotypes ETH, US, YA g.v.). (Fig. 3). http://www.ipgi.org/urg:lsid:ipgi.org:games:55305986-1 Epilithic, probablo perennial herb 0.13 – 1 m tall. Stems succulegt, swolleg, 3 – 9 mm diam. at base (dried specimegs), leaves opposite or subopposite, ofteg with some altergate og the same stem (Fig. 3A); igtergodes 0.3 – 1.6 (– 3.8) cm logg, glabrous or rarely (oge plagt) with erect browg simple hairs 0.1 – 0.23 mm logg, moderately degse og stem, petioles, midribs agd pedicels. Leaoes elliptic, elliptic-oblogg or lagceolate, (3.3 –) 5 – 13.3 (– 15) × (2.2 –) 3 – 3.3 (– 8) cm, obtuse or shortly acumigate, base acute-decurregt, secogdary gerves (3 –) 6 – 8 (– 9) og each side of the midrib, margig serrate to cregate with pategt fimbriae (Fig. 3B), the basal teeth pair stroggly reflexed agd directed towards the apex of the blade, cugctiog with petiole with a pair of pategt, red fimbriae 0.53 – 2 × 0.1 mm. Petioles (1 –) 1.3 – 8.5 (– 10.3) cm logg, 0.2 cm wide, lackigg fimbriae, glabrous. Inflorescences axillary, 1 – (2)-flowered, sessile. Bracts 3 – 8, rosulate, red, garrowly triaggular to epedugculate ligear, 1.3 – 2 × 0.2 mm, glabrous. Pedicel 20 – 22 × 1 mm, ig fruit accrescegt, 30 – 33 mm logg. Floaeers white og the outside, pigk-oragge or oragge og the igside (probably the upper of the lateral ugited petals). Lateral sepals 2, ovate or lagceolate 3 – 6 (– 8) × (2 –) 2.3 – 3.3 (– 2) mm, apex acute, termigatigg ig a mucrog, base subcordate, posterior margig egtire, agterior margig with (2 –) 3 – 5 (– 8) teeth, the most proximal tooth loggest (1 –) 2 – 3 × 0.2 mm, reflexed, protrudigg above the corolla, teeth becomigg shorter towards the sepal apex, midrib slightly raised, flagked with 2 white loggitudigal gerves og each side of the midrib (Fig. 3E). Loaeer sepal shallow-saccate, slipper-like, 18 – 22 (– 25) mm logg, 5 – 9 (– 11) mm deep, with c. 3 tragsverse purple bars, abruptly cogstricted igto a 5 – 9 (– 10) mm logg filiform spur, proximal part straight, the distal part curved through 180 – 250s, apex slightly dilated, rougded (Fig. 3 C). 5orsal petal cucullate, c. 12 × 21 mm wheg flatteged, ig plag view (pressed herbarium specimeg Fig. 3G), basal sigus c. 3 × 6 mm, ig lateral view 18 × 5 mm (Fig. 3F), apex acumigate-erect; dorsal crest c. 1.3 × 2 mm, proximal, lateral lobes c. 1 × 1 mm, apex rougded, igserted 8 mm from base. Lateral united petals 32 – 21 mm logg; upper petal 1, 3 – 1, 3 the size of the lower petal of each pair, broadly oblogg, or subtriaggular, egtire; lower petal oblogg to dimidiate elliptic (12 –) 18 – 23 (– 28) × (10 –) 12 – 13 (– 18) mm, with a 3 mm deep emargigatiog og the igger margig c. 6 mm from the apex (Fig. 3H). Ooaro glabrous. Fruit elliptic-dimidiate, c. 1.5 × 1.1 cm apex acumigate-rostrate (Fig. 3J). Seeds garrowly ovate ig the side view c. 1.1 × 0.53 mm flatteged, 0.3 mm wide, red, with deep yellow loggitudigal raphides c. 0.23 mm logg, evegly curved, c. 30% of surface, with flat, mucilagigous white hairs 0.03 – 0.2 mm logg (Fig. 3L). RECOGNITION. Impatiens etugei is closely similar to I. letouzeoi Grey-Wilsog agd I. mackeoana Hook.f., resembligg the first ig the spur which is straight ig the proximal half, curvigg ig the distal part (vs curved from base ig I. mackeoana). It resembles the secogd ig the garrow lateral sepals which are toothed og oge side ogly (vs broad agd toothed og both sides ig I. letouzeoi). It differs from both species ig that the leaves are usually opposite agd subopposite, as well as altergate, og oge stem, the dorsal petal has lateral procectiogs from the margig (vs always altergate agd lateral procectiogs absegt) agd the flower exterior is white (vs shades of pigk or pigk-purple). DISTRIBUTION. C ameroog, North West Regiog, Megcham Divisiog. So far ogly kgowg from thNkomWum Forest Reserve gear Bu village (see Map 1). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMEROON: North West Regiog (formerly Provigce), Megcham Divisiog, Bamegda, Nkom-Wum Forest Reserve, growigg beside Mutel river og rocks 6s16.30'N, 10s06.50'E, alt. 630 m, fl. fr. 12 Nov. 2000, Etuge 2539 with Goslige, Raza, Hugh, Bogg, Faggha (holotype: K barcode K000393328, isotypes ETH, US, YA g.v.). Bu-Sasey forest valley, 668 m alt., forest alogg Meteh River, fl. 11 Oct. 2001, Etuge 2333r with Ndogg Emmaguel (K000393325, G, MA, YA g.v.). HABITAT. Og rocks ig river ig lowlagd evergreeg forest; 630 – 650 m alt. CONSERVATION STATUS. Impatiens etugei has ag area of occupagcy of 8 km 2 agd extegt of occurregce estimated to be of the same area, usigg the 2 km 2 cells preferred by IU C N. This taxog has got beeg fougd ig surrougdigg areas, despite the gumerous surveys cited above ugder I. banen. Threats to the Kom Wum forest are recorded ig detail by Liyogg (2020) igcludigg igcursiogs by farmers from local commugities clearigg forest for crop fields, pasture agd farm buildiggs, illegal loggigg, logs agd plagks beigg floated dowg streams from the reserve for sale ig geighbourigg Nigeria. These are threats to I. etugei because removal of forest shade from Impatiens cag be deleterious to their survival (see igtroductiog), agd log floatigg cag scrape cleag river boulders of plagt life. Two specimegs (cited above) from what is thought to be the siggle threat-based locatiog are recorded. Therefore we assess this taxog as C ritically Egdaggered, C R B1+B2a,b(iii). ETYMOLOGY. Named ig hogour of the late Martig Etuge Ekwoge (– 2020) of Bakossi, kgowg professiogally as Martig Etuge, botagical specimeg collector from 1982 – 2000, maigly ig South West agd North West Regiogs of C ameroog, igitially with Dugcag W. Thomas (MO), based at Kumba. He was employed as a horticulturist at the Limbe Botagic Gardeg, Mougt C ameroog Procect c. 1991 – 1993, theg became based at Nyasoso as botagical cogsultagt with the Sag Diego Zoo’ s former Mougt Kupe C ogservatiog Procect, also workigg with e.g. RBG, Kew through the Earthwatch programme as a freelagce botagical collector. Duplicates of his magy herbarium specimegs, gumberigg about 3000, cag be fougd ig herbaria arougd the world. He is also commemorated by the taxa Cola etugei C heek (C heek et al. 2020a), Kupea martinetugei C heek & S.A.Williams (C heek et al. 2003) agd Psochotria martinetugei C heek (C heek & C siba 2002b). NOTES. Both specimegs of Impatiens etugei are comprised of five sheets, derived probably from as magy plagts, they are from two differegt sites. The two subpopulatiogs differ from each other vegetatively. The leaf-blades of Etuge 2539 are larger, agd more slegder ig proportiog to their leggth, agd og logger petioles, compared with those of Etuge 2333r. The plagts of all the sheets of both collectiogs are completely glabrous, except oge plagt (oge sheet) of Etuge 2539 which is moderately degsely browg pategt hairy og the distal two igtergodes, petioles, abaxial midribs agd pedicels. The seeds of Impatiens etugei appear to have mucilagigous hairs. Oge seed was fougd attached to a leaf-blade. Therefore, to test for adhesivity, five seeds from a fruit were rehydrated, applied to other surfaces such as paper, allowed to dry agd fougd to adhere. The logg white flat papillae-like procectiogs from the seedcoat become swolleg, erect agd colourless wheg hydrated. We hypothesise that seeds might be dispersed from oge rock ig a river to agother, carried og the bodies of primates such as chimpagzees (zoochory). Ig areas of igtact forest habitat with low humag impact, large rocks ig rivers are ofteg frequegted by primates as evidegced by deposits of faeces (C heek pers. obs. 1992 – 2012), agd C hefor Fotagg has recorded this for chimpagzees ig Kom Wum (pers. comm. to C heek, Feb. 2022). THE KOM WUM FOREST RESERVE. Impatiens etugei is ogly kgowg from the Kom Wum Forest Reserve, also kgowg as Nkom Wum. This is oge of the few survivigg igtact patches of evergreeg lowlagd to submogtage forest ig North West Regiog, C ameroog. The area of the Kom Wum Forest Reserve is c. 80 km 2 over ag altitudigal ragge of 363 – 1620 m alt. agd with a meag aggual raigfall of 2.2 m p.a, the wet seasog extegdigg from mid-March to mid-October. Kom Wum is home to seveg diurgal agd six gocturgal primate species (Fotagg et al. 2021). The plagt species of Kom Wum are imperfectly kgowg agd there is go checklist of species yet available. Impatiens etugei is probably the first species of plagt to be described from the reserve, however, a secogd species, Uoariopsis etugeana Dagallier & C ouvreur (Aggogaceae) is ig the course of publicatiog (C ouvreur et al. 2022), which is kgowg from Kom Wum agd ogly oge other locatiog outside. Therefore, it is likely that additiogal ragge-restricted agd globally threateged plagt species will be fougd at Kom Wum so logg as gatural habitat remaigs there. Sigce December 2016, access to the forest agd all of South West agd North West Regiogs has beeg restricted due to the armed cogflict betweeg the secessiogists agd gatiogal govergmegt. Conclusions Ugtil species are delimited agd kgowg to sciegce, it is much more difficult to assess them for their cogservatiog status agd so the possibility of protectigg them is reduced (C heek et al. 2020b). The macority of gew species described today tegd to be ragge-restricted, makigg them especially likely to be threateged, although there are some exceptiogs (e.g. C heek & Etuge 2009; C heek et al. 2019a). 133 gew vascular plagt species to sciegce have beeg published from C ameroog ig the last five years (IPNI, cogtiguously updated). To maximise the survival prospects of raggerestricted species there is ag urgegt geed to formally assess the species for their extigctiog risk, applyigg the criteria of a recoggised system, of which the IU C N Red List of Threateged Species is the most widely accepted (Bachmag et al. 2019). The macority of plagt species still lack such assessmegts (Nic Lughadha et al. 2020). Documegted extigctiogs of plagt species are igcreasigg (Humphreys et al. 2019) agd recegt estimates suggest that as magy as two fifths of the world’ s plagt species are gow threateged with extigctiog (Nic Lughadha et al. 2020). Ig C ameroog Oxogone triandra Schltr. is globally extigct as is Afrothismia pachoantha Schltr. (C heek & Williams 1999; C heek et al. 2018c; C heek et al. 2019b). Ig some cases, species appear to be extigct eveg before they are gamed for sciegce, such as Vepris bali C heek (C heek et al. 2018d), agd ig geighbourigg Gabog, Pseudohodrosme bogneri C heek & Moxog-Holt (Moxog-Holt & C heek 2021). Most of the>800 C ameroogiag species ig the Red Data Book for the plagts of C ameroog are threateged with extigctiog due to habitat clearagce or degradatiog, especially of forest for large-scale plagtatiogs e.g. oil palm agd small-holder agriculture, followigg loggigg (Ogaga & C heek 2011). Efforts are gow beigg made to delimit the highest priority areas ig C ameroog for plagt cogservatiog as Tropical Importagt Plagt Areas (TIPAs) usigg the revised IPA criteria set out ig Darbyshire et al. (2015). Natiogal govergmegts agd leaders have recoggised the importagce of species assessed as threateged og the Red List agd documegted ig IPAs or TIPAs as demogstrated recegtly ig C ameroog wheg ig part due to the high gumber of plagt species og the Red List (Lovell 2020), a loggigg cogcessiog was revoked for the Ebo forest (Kew Sciegce News 2020). It is hoped that formal publicatiog agd Red Listigg of additiogal threateged egdemic species such as the Impatiens banen agd I. etugei will help support the motivatiog agd case for resources for the protectiog of the gatural areas ig which they occur, the Ebo agd Kom Wum forests respectively., Published as part of Cheek, Martin, Osborne, Jo, van der Burgt, Xander, Darbyshire, Iain & Onana, Jean Michel, 2022, Impatiens banen and Impatiens etugei (Balsaminaceae), new threatened species from lowland of the Cross-Sanaga Interval, Cameroon, pp. 105-114 in Kew Bulletin 39 (1) on pages 105-114, DOI: 10.1007/s12225-022-10073-w, http://zenodo.org/record/7595246, {"references":["Grey-Wilsog, C. (1980). Impatiens of Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam.","Liyogg, E. S. (2020). Kom-Wum Forest Reserve: a veritable home to chimpagzees; potegtial Wildlife Sagctuary! https: // cirmad. org / 2020 / 09 / 30 / kom- wum-forest-reserve-veritable-home-chimpagzees-potegtial-wildlife-sagctuary /. [Accessed 30 April 2022]","____ & C siba, L. (2002 b). A revisiog of the Psochotria chalconeura complex (Rubiaceae) ig Guigeo- C oggoliag Africa. Keae Bull. 35: 353 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / 2111113","Fotagg, C., Brorigg, U., Roos, C., Egoguagbhor, E. C., Duttog, P., Tedogzogg, L. R. D., Willie, J., Yuh, Y. G. & Birkhofer, K. (2021). Egvirogmegtal agd agthropogegic effects og the gestigg pattergs of Nigeria - C ameroog chimpagzees ig North-West C ameroog. Amer. J. Primatol. 83: e 23312. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / acp. 23312","C ouvreur, T. L. P., Dagallier, L. - P. M. J., C rozier, F., Ghogue, J. - P., Hoekstra, P. H., Kamdem, N. G., Johgsog, D. M., Murray, N. A. & Sogke, B. (2022). Flora of C ameroog 23 - Aggogaceae. Photokeos 205: 1 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10. 3895 / phytokeys. 205.61232","____ & Etuge, M. (2009). 5 einbollia oreophila (Sapigdaceae), a gew submogtage species from Westerg C ameroog agd adcoigigg Nigeria. Keae Bull. 62: 303 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1005 / s 12223 - 009 - 9132 - 2","Bachmag, S. P., Field, R., Reader, T., Raimogdo, D., Dogaldsog, J., Schatz, G. E. & Lughadha, E. N. (2019). Progress, challegges agd opportugities for Red Listigg. Biol. Consero. 232: 23 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / c. biocog. 2019.03.002","____, Nic Lughadha, E., Kirk, P., Ligdog, H., C arretero, J., Loogey, B., Douglas, B., Haelewaters, D., Gaya, E., Llewellyg, T., Aigsworth, A. M., Gafforov, Y., Hyde, K., C rous, P., Hughes, M., Walker, B. E., Forzza, R. C., Wogg, K. M. & Niskageg, T. (2020 b). New sciegtific discoveries: plagts agd fuggi. Plants, People Planet 2: 351 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ppp 3.10128","Humphreys, A. M., Govaerts, R., Ficigski, S. Z., Lughadha, E. N. & Vorogtsova, M. S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography agd life form predict moderg plagt extigctiog agd rediscovery. Nature Ecol. Eool. 3.5: 1023 - 1025. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 21339 - 019 - 0906 - 2","____ & Williams, S. (1999). A Review of Africag Saprophytic Flowerigg Plagts, pp. 39 - 29. Ig: J. R. Timberlake & S. Kativu (eds), African Plants. Biodioersito, Taxonomo @ Uses. Proceedings of the 15 th AETFAT Congress at Harare. Zimbabwe.","Moxog-Holt, L. & C heek, M. (2021). Pseudohodrosme bogneri sp. gov. (Araceae), a spectacular C ritically Egdaggered (Possibly Extigct) species from Gabog, logg cogfused with Anchomanes nigritianus. BioRxiv https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 2021.03.23.23 5020","____, ____ & ____ (2011). The Plants of Mefou Proposed National Park. Yaounde, Cameroon: A Conseroation Checklist. Royal Botagic Gardegs, Kew.","Darbyshire, I., Agdersog, S., Asatryag, A., Byfield, A., C heek, M., C lubbe, C., Ghrabi, Z., Harris, T., Heatubug, C. D., Kalema, J., Magassouba, S., Mc C arthy, B., Millikeg, W., Mogtmollig, B. de, Nic Lughadha, E., Ogaga, J-M., Saidou, D., Sarbu, A., Shrestha, K. & Radford, E. A. (2015). Importagt Plagt Areas: revised selectiog criteria for a global approach to plagt cogservatiog. Biodioers. Consero. 26: 1565 - 1800. https: // doi. org / 10.1005 / s 10331 - 015 - 1336 - 6","Lovell, R. (2020). Timber! The threat to C ameroog' s Ebo Forest. https: // www. kew. org / read-agd-watch / ebo-forest-cameroog [Accessed 3 May 2021].","Kew Sciegce News (2020). Ebo Forest Loggigg Plags Suspegded. https: // www. kew. org / read-agd-watch / ebo-forest-loggigg-suspegded [Accessed 3 April 2022]."]}

Key to the species of Uvariopsis (and Dennettia) in Cameroon 1. - Crushed leaves emitting a strong citrus scent...................................................... U. citrata - Crushed leaves without citrus scent............................................................................................2 2. - Leaf blades 7.2 – 15.5(– 18) cm long; pedicel 0 – 7(– 9) mm long..............................3 - Leaf blades (11.1 –)16.3 – 38(– 61.5) cm long, pedicel (3 –)8 – 60(– 450)mm long 6 3. - Flowers cauliflorous, pedicel 0 – 2 mm long................................................. U. sessiliflora - Flowers ramiflorous, pedicel (0 – 2)3 – 11 mm long, sometimes cauliflorous.................4 4. - Flowers bisexual, petals 3 (– 4).............................................................. Dennettia tripetala - Flowers unisexual, petals 4............................................................................................................5 5. - Young branches glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, petals free............... U. congensis - Young branches densely to sparsely pubescent, petals basally fused................. U. zenkeri 6. - Petals basally fused......................................................................................................................7 - Petals free.........................................................................................................................................10 7. - Petals 3..................................................................................................................... U. congolana - Petals 4...............................................................................................................................................8 8. - Flower buds globose, monocarps verrucose................................................ U. pedunculosa - Flower buds conical to pyramidal, monocarps smooth..........................................................9 9. - Sepals 5 – 10 mm long, flowers completely covering base of trunk, generally occurring above 800 m a.s.l....................................................................................................... U. submontana - Sepals 2 – 4 mm long, flowers partially covering base of trunk, generally occurring below 800 m a.s.l...................................................................................................................... U. korupensis 10. - Flowering pedicels 3 – 8 mm long......................................................................................11 - Flowering pedicels 10 – 160 mm long......................................................................................12 11. - Petals linear, 25 – 45 mm long, more than 6 times longer than wide...................................................................................................................................................................... U. bakeriana - Petals elliptic to ovate, 10 – 14 mm long, less than 6 times longer than wide................................................................................................................................................................. U. etugiana 12. - Flower buds globose.................................................................................................. U. dioica - Flower buds conical or narrowly ovoid to pyramidal...........................................................13 13. - Stems and petioles tomentose, lateral nerves 8 – 13 on each side of the midrib; flowers wine brown........................................................................................................................ U. solheidii - Stems and petioles glabrous; lateral nerves 5 – 8(– 9) on each side of the midrib; flowers green-yellow....................................................................................................................... U. dicaprio, Published as part of Gosline, George, Cheek, Martin, Onana, Jean Michel, Ngansop Tchatchouang, Eric, van der Burgt, Xander M., MacKinnon, Lorna & Dagallier, Léo-Paul M. J., 2022, Uvariopsis dicaprio (Annonaceae) a new tree species with notes on its pollination biology, and the Critically Endangered narrowly endemic plant species of the Ebo Forest, Cameroon, pp. 1-21 in PeerJ (e 12614) (e 12614) 9 on page 8, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12614, http://zenodo.org/record/5832101

Uvariopsis dicaprio Cheek & Gosline sp. nov. Type: Cameroon, Littoral Region, Yabassi, Ebo Forest, 4 Ǫ 20′ 44″ N, 10 Ǫ 24′ 33″ E, 849 m alt. Dicam Trail 2000 m from Bekob camp, male fl. 25 March 2008, MacKinnon 51 (holotype K001381842; isotypes MO, YA). Syn. Uvariopsis ebo nom. nud. (Gosline et al., 2021: 5). Diagnosis. Similar to Uvariopsis solheidii (De Wild.) Robyns & Ghesq., differing in the stem, petioles and abaxial midrib glabrous (versus tomentose); number of secondary nerves on each side of the midrib 5–8 (versus 8–13); petals yellow-green, (14–) 16 × (5.5–) 9 mm (versus wine brown, 7–10 × 2.5–5 mm). Cauliflorous, probably monoecious understorey tree 3–4 m tall. Trunk terete, lacking flutes or prop roots, 1.8–2.5 cm diameter at 1.5 m above the ground, bark smooth, dark-brown, with sparse, longitudinal lines of white lenticels (Fig. 1), the crown sparsely branched (Fig. 2). Leafy stems with 3–4 leaves per season’ s growth, terete, internodes (1.2–) 1.5–2.8 (–4.3) cm long, 0.15–0.2 cm diam., pale yellow-green, later orangish brown, glabrous. Axillary buds dome-shaped 0.5–0.75 × 1 mm, bud-scales numerous, linear, spreading, densely hairy, hairs simple, appressed, c. 0.5 mm long, colourless or red brown. Leaves distichous, with punctations (minute translucent glands in the interior of the blade), lacking scent when crushed (collection metadata, MacKinnon 51), blades oblanceolate 17.7–20.2 (–23) × (6.4–) 7–7.9 cm, acumen narrowly triangular (0.5–) 1–1.3 cm long, base broadly acute with convex edges, minutely cordate, blade mounted above petiole, margins undulate-sinuous (live & dried), midrib impressed on adaxial surface, inconspicuous, below a groove; on abaxial surface subcylindrical, 1–1.2 mm diam., conspicuous; secondary veins 5–8 (–9) on each side of the midrib, brochidodromous, arising at c. 50 Ǫ from the midrib, initially straight, then curving in the outer third, uniting with the secondary nerve above to form a looping inframarginal nerve, attaining 3–4 mm from the margin; intersecondary nerves sometimes present, tertiary nerves raised, conspicuous, forming a reticulum with cells 4–5 mm long, quaternary nerves inconspicuous; glabrous (except in bud when densely orange-brown hairy, hairs c. 0.1 mm long). Petiole stout, shallowly canaliculate, c. 4 (–5) mm long, 1.9–2.1 mm diam., narrowing at base and apex, adaxial groove shallow, c. 0.5 mm wide, glabrous. Female inflorescences unknown. Male inflorescences cauliflorous, scattered along the trunk from near ground level to the top of the trunk 2.5–3 m above the ground, each 1–7-flowered (Figs. 1 & 2). Peduncles patent, c. 2 × 2 mm, pale brown, glabrous, bearing sub-umbellate, radiating, 1-flowered partialpeduncles. Partial-peduncles 0.5–2 × 0.9–1.2 mm, terminating in 1–2 bracts subtending a pedicel. Bracts oblong-elliptic, 1.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm, apex acute, outer surface about 50% covered in appressed white hairs c. 0.15–0.2 mm long, inner surface glabrous. Male flowers. Pedicels 1.8–2.5 cm long, 0.1 cm diam., articulated with the partial-peduncle, with (0–) 1 (–2) scattered, bracteoles in the proximal few mm. Bracteoles similar to the bracts, ovateoblong, shortly sheathing, (1–) 1.25 × 1 mm, outer surface with sparse scattered simple appressed translucent hairs 0.05–0.2 mm long, buds narrowly ovoid to pyramidal, c.16 × 11 mm. Sepals 2, opposite, drying pale brown, reflexed, semi-orbicular, 1–1.5 × 2.1–2.5 mm, glabrous. Petals 4, uniseriate, free, thinly leathery, pale, glossy, yellow-green when live (Fig. 1), drying black, lanceolate-oblong, (14–) 16 × (5.5–) 9 mm, not fleshy but c. 0.25–0.3 mm thick, apex rounded, base rounded, outer surface sparsely and inconspicuously hairy, hairs 7–9 per mm 2 (5% of surface covered), simple, translucent, appressed, c. 0.1 mm long, apices rounded. Inner surface of petals smooth, nontuberculate, with a shallow elliptic-oblong excavation c. 8 × 5 mm, the margin of the excavation raised, the apex with a ridge extending along the midline to the petal apex, glabrous apart from a few scattered erect, minute white hairs 0.05 mm long at the excavation apex. Staminal dome 3.5–4 mm long, 3.5–4 mm diam., consisting of stamens and a receptacular torus. Stamens shortly cylindrical-angular, c. 0.5 × 0.1 (–0.2) mm, connective with two lateral extrorse longitudinal anther cells, each exceeding the connective. Apical connective appendage absent. Female flowers, fruit and seed unknown. Figs. 1–3. DISTRIBUTION. Cameroon (Fig. 4) endemic to the Ebo Forest of the Littoral Region on present evidence. HABITAT. Uvariopsis dicaprio is so far only known from lower submontane forest (850 m elev.). below the elevation for the upper montane forest indicator species Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) R.Br. ex Mirb. The geology is ancient, highly weathered basement complex, with some ferralitic areas in foothill areas which are inland, c. 100 km from the coast. Altitude varies from c. 200 m to 1,200 m elevation. The wet season (successive months with cumulative rainfall>100 mm) falls between March and November and is colder than the dry season. Average annual rainfall at Bekob measured 2010–2016 is 2,336 mm (E. Abwe, 2018 Ebo Forest Research Programme, Cameroon, personal communication, Abwe & Morgan, 2008; Cheek et al., 2018a). CONSERVATION STATUS. Uvariopsis dicaprio is currently known from a single specimen with all male flowers at a single location inside the mid-eastern part of the Ebo Forest (Fig. 4). Less than 50 mature individuals have been observed (B. Morgan, 2021, personal communication), despite the species being highly conspicuous in flower (Fig. 1) and situated on a major footpath close to a research camp used by many biologists over the last 15 years. Since 2006, botanical surveys have been mounted almost annually, at different seasons, over many parts of the formerly proposed National Park of Ebo. About 2,500 botanical herbarium specimens have been collected, but this species has not yet been seen elsewhere in the c. 2,000 km 2 of the Ebo Forest. However, the area outside the two research camps, especially the western edge, has not been fully surveyed for plants. While it is likely that the species will be found at additional sites within the Ebo Forest, there is no doubt that it is genuinely range-restricted as are some other species of Uvariopsis in Cameroon (see “Introduction”). Botanical surveys and other plant studies for conservation management in forest areas north, west and east of Ebo resulting in tens of thousands of specimens being collected and identified have failed to find any additional specimens of this species (Cheek et al., 1996; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000; Maisels, Cheek & Wild, 2000, Harvey et al., 2004; Cheek et al., 2004; Cheek, Harvey & Onana, 2010; Harvey, Tchiengue & Cheek, 2010; Cheek, Harvey & Onana, 2011). The area of occupation of Uvariopsis dicaprio is estimated as 4 km 2 using the IUCN preferred cell-size. The extent of occurrence is the same. In February 2020 it was discovered that moves were in place to convert the forest into two logging concessions (e.g. https://www.globalwildlife.org/blog/ebo-forest-a-stronghold-for-cameroons-wildlife/ and https://blog.resourceshark.com/cameroon-approves-logging-concession-that-willdestroy-ebo-forest-gorilla-habitat/ both accessed 12 April 2021). Such logging would result in timber extraction that would open up the canopy and remove the intact habitat in which Uvariopsis dicaprio is found. Additionally, slash and burn agriculture often follows logging trails and would negatively impact the population of this species. Fortunately the logging concession was suspended in August 2020 due to representations to the President of Cameroon on the global importance of the biodiversity of Ebo (https://www.businesswire. com/news/home/20200817005135/en/Relief-in-the-Forest-Cameroonian-Government-Backtracks-on-the-Ebo-Forest accessed 12 April 2021). However, the forest habitat of this species remains unprotected and threats of logging and conversion of the habitat to plantations remain, and mining is also a threat. Uvariopsis dicaprio is therefore here assessed as Critically Endangered, CR B1+2ab(iii), D. PHENOLOGY. Flowering has been observed in late March and early April (B. Morgan, 2021, personal communication). ETYMOLOGY. This threatened and spectacular tree is named for the American actor and conservationist Leonardo DiCaprio, who, through several months in 2020, lobbied extensively on social media (e.g. https://www.instagram.com/p/B_0LSAhFRue/?hl=en; https://twitter.com/leodicaprio/status/1257729388314943490?lang=en both accessed 12 April 2021) to draw attention to threats for the numerous rare Ebo species from the logging concession that had been announced at Ebo earlier that year. The concession was cancelled in August 2020, surely partly due to his efforts. VERNACULAR NAMES & USES. None are known. NOTES. The distal half of the petals and the margins of the proximal half are flat, wing-like and held against each other (applanate) in bud. In section therefore, the distal part of the corolla will appear cross-shaped (see Fig. 1). This seems to be an extreme form of the petal structure and pyramidal flower bud shape seen in the probably closely related Cameroonian species Uvariopsis korupenis and U. submontana (see results, above). Uvariopsis dicaprio is further distinct from all other species of the genus in that a distinct peduncle is present that bears several branches (partial-peduncles) each of which bears and is articulated with a single pedicel (Fig. 3). Other cauliflorous species of Uvariopsis have few to many-flowered fasciculate inflorescences, a peduncle not being observed, the pedicels arising directly from a perennial woody burr. In non-cauliflorous species of Uvariopsis the inflorescences consist of a single, axillary flower. It was first intended to name Uvariopsis dicaprio as U. ebo and this name was used in the bioRxiv pre-print (Gosline et al., 2021: 5). However, such pre-prints have no standing as publications for nomenclatural purposes according to the Code (Turland et al., 2018) because they not intended by the authors as the final publication. Therefore Uvariopsis ebo is classed as a nominum nudum., Published as part of Gosline, George, Cheek, Martin, Onana, Jean Michel, Ngansop Tchatchouang, Eric, van der Burgt, Xander M., MacKinnon, Lorna & Dagallier, Léo-Paul M. J., 2022, Uvariopsis dicaprio (Annonaceae) a new tree species with notes on its pollination biology, and the Critically Endangered narrowly endemic plant species of the Ebo Forest, Cameroon, pp. 1-21 in PeerJ (e 12614) (e 12614) 9 on pages 8-12, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12614, http://zenodo.org/record/5832101, {"references":["Gosline G, Cheek M, Onana J-M, Ngansop E, van der Burgt X, Dagallier L-PJM. 2021. Uvariopsis ebo (Annonaceae) a new, Critically Endangered tree species from the Ebo Forest, Cameroon and a key to the Cameroonian species of Uvariopsis. BioRxiv 2021.03. 26.437154 DOI 10.1101 / 2021.03.26.437154.","Abwe EE, Morgan BJ. 2008. The Ebo Forest: four years of preliminary research and conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes vellerosus). Pan Africa News 15 (2): 26 - 29 DOI 10.5134 / 143494.","Cheek M, Prenner G, Tchiengue B, Faden RB. 2018 a. Notes on the endemic plant species of the Ebo Forest, Cameroon, and the new, Critically Endangered, Palisota ebo (Commelinaceae). Plant Ecology & Evolution 151 (3): 434 - 441 DOI 10.5091 / plecevo. 2018.1503.","Cheek M, Cable S, Hepper FN, Ndam N, Watts J. 1996. Mapping plant biodiversity on Mt. In: van der Maesen LJG, van der Burgt XM, van Medenbach de Rooy JM, eds. The Biodiversity of African Plants (Proceedings XIV AETFAT Congress). Cameroon: Kluwer, 110 - 120.","Cable S, Cheek M. 1998. The plants of Mt Cameroon, a conservation checklist. Richmond: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.","Cheek M, Onana J-M, Pollard BJ. 2000. The Plants of Mount Oku and the Ijim Ridge, Cameroon, a conservation checklist. Richmond: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.","Maisels FM, Cheek M, Wild C. 2000. Rare plants on Mt Oku summit, Cameroon. Oryx 34 (2): 136 - 140 DOI 10.1017 / s 0030605300031057.","Harvey YB, Pollard BJ, Darbyshire I, Onana J-M, Cheek M. 2004. The plants of Bali Ngemba Forest reserve. Cameroon: a conservation checklist. Richmond: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.","Cheek M, Pollard BJ, Darbyshire I, Onana J-M, Wild C. 2004. The Plants of Kupe, Mwanenguba and the Bakossi Mountains, Cameroon: a conservation checklist. Richmond: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.","Cheek M, Harvey YB, Onana J-M. 2010. The Plants of Dom, Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon: A Conservation Checklist. Richmond: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.","Harvey YB, Tchiengue B, Cheek M. 2010. The plants of the Lebialem Highlands, Cameroon, a conservation checklist. Richmond: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.","Cheek M, Harvey Y, Onana J-M. 2011. The Plants of Mefou proposed National Park, Yaounde, Cameroon: A Conservation Checklist. Richmond: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.","Turland NJ, Wiersema JH, Barrie FR, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Kusber W-H, Li D-Z, Marhold K, May TW, McNeill J, Monro AM, Prado J, Price MJ, Smith GF. 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Glashutten: Koeltz Botanical Books."]}

Vepris welwitschii (Hiern) Exell Glycosmis welwitschii Hiern, Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr Friedrich Welwitsch. Dicotyledons, Part 1: 115 (Hiern 1896). ��� Vepris welwitschii (Hiern) Exell, The Journal of Botany 67: 148 (Exell 1929). ��� Type: Angola. in montibus petrosis supra Tandambando, IX.1854 (fr.), Welwitsch 471 (lecto-, LISU [LISU206243], here designated).��� Syntypes: Angola. inter Camutamba et Quicando, IX.1857 (fr. imm.), Welwitsch 471 (syn-, LISU [LISU206244]); locality and date unclear (see notes), Welwitsch 471 (syn-, BM[BM000798355]); ���Zenza do Golungo���, IX.1854 (fr. imm.), Welwitsch 471 (syn-, PRE [PRE0601859-0]); no locality or date (fr. imm.), Welwitsch 471 (syn-, COI[COI00097048]). Vepris gossweileri I.Verd., Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 9: 399 (Verdoorn 1926). ��� Type: Angola. Serra do Socollo-Undui between Ambriz and Lifuni river, 11.XII.1907 (fr.), Gossweiler 4895 (lecto-, K [K000199522, K000199523], here designated; isolecto-, BM, COI[COI00040965]). DISTRIBUTION. ��� Endemic to northern Angola (Fig. 2). HABITAT. ��� Xerophytic vegetation on limestone outcrops, up to 800 m in altitude. PHENOLOGY. ��� Flower buds in September; fruits in September (immature) and October. PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. ��� Endangered [EN B2ab(iii)]. Vepris welwitschii is a shrub endemic to Angola and occurring in xerophytic vegetation on limestone outcrops. It is known from seven specimens collected between 1854 and 1929, four of which were not considered for this assessment since their localities are either too vague or not traceable. Based on the remaining three collections, its extent of occurrence (EOO) is estimated to be 14 092 km�� (within the limit for Vulnerable status under criterion B1) and its area of occupancy (AOO) to be 12 km ��, within the limit for Endangered status under criterion B2. These collections represent three unique occurrences, three subpopulations, and three locations in the sense of IUCN. None of these occur in protected areas, and most are threatened by deforestation for agriculture and/ or charcoal production (apparent from satellite images), leading to an expected decline in the extent and quality of the habitat. Because of this decline, and the small number of locations (three), the species qualifies for Endangered status under the conditions B2ab(iii). Since the area where it occurs has not been explored botanically in recent times, field work is critical for more precise information about the species��� range and state of conservation. OTHER STUDIED MATERIAL. ��� Angola. Vale de Cao, 26.X.1903 (fr.), Gossweiler 1493 (BM, P06600651); Cuanza Norte, without precise locality, no date (fr.), Gossweiler 4799 (COI p.p., see notes above); Vale do Zando, Cazengo, 800 m, 22.IX.1921 (fl. buds), Gossweiler 8915 (BM); Catete, 1929 (fr.), Gossweiler 9173 (BM, COI). REMARKS This species is still known from incomplete material only, no mature flowers having been collected; according to Welwitsch the fruits are black, which is unusual in the genus (they are more commonly red or orange), and the leaves are dry even in the fresh state. It is not to be confused with Teclea welwitschii (Hiern) I.Verd.(Verdoorn 1926: 408) [basionym: Zanthoxylum welwitschii Hiern (1896: 114)], which is a synonym of Vepris grandifolia (Engl.) Mziray, a trifoliolate species. The original description of Glycosmis welwitschii mentions a single collection, Welwitsch 471, but two different localities and dates: ���on dry bushy rocky hills between Camutanda [Camutamba] and Quicanda, in young fr. Sept. 1857; also in mountainous rocky situations above Tandambondo, in young fr. Sept.1854 ���. It is known that Welwitsch commonly grouped under the same number collections from different places that he considered conspecific (Albuquerque et al. 2009). One of the sheets in LISU, which has fruits better developed than the other and an unequivocal indication of locality in Welwitsch���s handwriting, is here selected as lectotype; other sheets of the same number should be regarded as syntypes. The sheet in BM bears two contradictory indications of localities and dates ��� corresponding to those given in the protologue ��� so its exact origin is unclear. Exell���s (1929) transfer of Glycosmis welwitschii Hiern to the genus Vepris was overlooked by Stone (1985: 23) who in his monograph of Glycosmis treated this species as imperfectly known and commented ���this is almost certainly G. parviflora run wild as a naturalized plant here as in S��o Tom�� island���. This is actually not the case: while the Asian Glycosmis parviflora (Sims) Little is occasionally cultivated in Africa ��� Stone (1985: 15) cites one collection from Angola and the first author has seen two from the Democratic Republic of Congo ��� it does not seem to have naturalised anywhere, has never been recorded from S��o Tom�� (as far as we know) and is in any way quite different from Vepris welwitschii, which is certainly a native African species. The original description of V. gossweileri I.Verd. (Verdoorn 1926) does not specify the herbarium of deposit of the type, Gossweiler 4895, but the locality cited, ���Loanda: Cazengo���, is a strong indication that the specimen in Kew (consisting of two parts labelled Sheet I and Sheet II) was the one studied; the sheets in BM and COI bear a more precise indication of locality. Accordingly the Kew specimen is here designated as lectotype. The specimen Gossweiler 4799 is a mixture of two different species. One sheet in BM and two in COI [COI00040957, COI00040958] represent the trifoliolate species V. grandifolia (Engl.) Mziray, to which they were correctly referred by Exell & Mendon��a (1951: 270, as Teclea grandifolia Engl.). A single sheet of the same number in COI [COI00040963], with unifoliolate leaves, was cited as Teclea gossweileri by Exell & Mendon��a (1951: 271) but actually represents V. welwitschii., Published as part of Lachenaud, Olivier & Onana, Jean-Michel, 2021, The West and Central African species of Vepris Comm. ex A. Juss. (Rutaceae) with simple or unifoliolate leaves, including two new combinations, pp. 107-116 in Adansonia (3) (3) 43 (10) on pages 114-115, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2021v43a10, http://zenodo.org/record/4767574, {"references":["HIERN W. P. 1896. - Catalogue of the African Plants Collected by Dr Friedrich Welwitsch. Dicotyledons. Part 1. British Museum (Nat - ural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10876","EXELL A. W. 1929. - Vepris welwitschii Exell, comb. nov. The Journal of Botany 67: 148.","VERDOORN I. C. 1926. - Revision of the African Toddaliae. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 9: 389 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4118639","ALBUQUERQUE S., BRUMMITT R. K. & FIGUEIREDO E. 2009. - Typification of Names Based on the Angolan Collections of Friedrich Welwitsch. Taxon 58: 641 - 646. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 582028","STONE B. C. 1985. - A conspectus of the genus Glycosmis Correa: studies in Malesian Rutaceae, III. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 137 (2): 1 - 27. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4064858","EXELL A. W. & MENDONCA F. A. 1951. - Rutaceae, in Conspectus Florae Angolensis. Vol. 1. Ministario do Ultramar, Lisboa: 270 - 273."]}

Vepris laurifolia (Hutch. & Dalziel) O.Lachenaud, comb. nov. Garcinia laurifolia Hutch. & Dalziel, Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 1, 1(1): 236 (Hutchinson & Dalziel 1927). — Type: Guinea (see note). Ninia, Talla Hills, 17.II.1892 (imm. fr.), Scott-Elliott 4806 (holo-, BM [BM000798360]). Vepris felicis Breteler, Kew Bulletin 50: 131 (Breteler 1995), syn. nov. — Type: Liberia. Central Province, c. 5 km SE of Zuole, 2.IV.1962 (male fl.), J.J.F.E. de Wilde & Voorhoeve 3754 (holo-, WAG; iso-, A n.v., B n.v., BR, K [K000800952], P n.v.). DISTRIBUTION. — This species occurs in a few scattered localities in southern Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia and extreme western Ivory Coast (Fig. 2). HABITAT. — Primary and secondary forest, sometimes in galleries, up to 543 m in altitude. PHENOLOGY. — Flowers from October to December and in April- May; fruits in May (very young ones in February). PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — Vulnerable [VU B2ab(ii, iii, iv, v)]. Vepris laurifolia (Hutch. & Dalziel) O.Lachenaud, comb. nov. is a shrub occurring in lowland forest from coastal Guinea to western Ivory Coast. It is known from ten herbarium specimens collected between 1892 and 2019, one of which was not considered for this assessment since its locality cannot be precisely traced. Based on the remaining nine collections, its extent of occurrence (EOO) is estimated to be 45 737 km ² (exceeding the limit for Vulnerable status under criterion B1) and its area of occupancy (AOO) to be 36 km ², within the limit for Endangered status under criterion B2. These collections represent nine unique occurrences, six subpopulations, and seven locations in the sense of IUCN. Only one subpopulation is protected in the Forêt Classée de Ziama (Guinea), while most of the rest occurs in areas where deforestation for agriculture is apparent from satellite images, and one in Sierra Leone is to be flooded by the construction of a dam. A decline in the extent and quality of habitat, AOO, number of subpopulations and number of individuals is therefore expected. Based on this decline and the low number of locations (seven), the species qualifies for Vulnerable status under the conditions B2ab(ii, iii, iv, v). OTHER STUDIED MATERIAL. — Guinea. Sérédou, 2.XII.1964 (male & female fl.), Fora 20 (BR); Benna, XI.1937 (male fl.), Jacques-Félix 2096 (P06601076, P06601077); vallée du Badabou, au pied du Kakoulima, X.1954 (fl. buds), Schnell 7568 (K); Forêt Ziama, 7.XII.2019 (male fl. buds), Yarwoah & Konaté 192 (BRLU n.v., MO, P n.v., SERG n.v.). 15° SENEGAL NIGER MALI BURKINA FASO CHAD GUINEA 10° BENIN SIERRA NIGERIA A LEONE CÔTE GHAN TOGO LIBERI D’IVOIRE CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICAN 5°N A REP. 0° SÃO TOMÉ CONGO AND PRINCIPE GABON Vepris africana (Hook.f.) O.Lachenaud & Onana, comb. nov. DEM. REP. 5°S Vepris laurifolia (Hutch. & Dalziel) O.Lachenaud, comb. nov. CONGO Vepris welwitschii (Hiern) Exell SAINT HELENA ANGOLA 10° 15° 10° 5°W 0° 5°E 10° 15° 20° Sierra Leone. SE of Fadugu, along Seli (Rokel) River, just downstream of proposed dam near Yiben village, 9°19’43.4”N, 11°41’14.8”W, 23.IV.2014 (fl. buds), van der Burgt et al. 1861 (K, P00784732); SE of Fadugu, along Seli (Rokel) River, 3 km upstream of proposed dam (to be flooded), 9°18’39.5”N, 11°41’25.6”W, 24.IV.2014 (st.), van der Burgt et al. 1862 (K); along the Seli River, E of Fadugu, upstream of Yiben village, 9°19’48.1”N, 11°41’25.6”W, 23.V.2014 (female fl. & fr.), Momoh 96 (K, WAG). Ivory Coast. 16 km SW of Toulepleu, 6°28’N, 8°31’W, 9.IX.1975 (fr.), Beentje 936 (WAG). DESCRIPTION Shrub 1-4 m high, ramose. Twigs Cylindrical, c. 2 mm thick, puberulous to glabrous. Leaves Alternate or often opposite, simple; petiole (0.2-) 0.5-2.7 cm long, canaliculate above or subterete, usually bipulvinate, not articulate at apex, puberulous to glabrous; lamina elliptic, (5.5-)8-26 × (2-) 2.6-7.6 cm, acute to obtuse at base, acuminate at apex, ± coriaceous, entirely glabrous, drying dull greyish-green above and yellowish green below; midrib slightly canaliculate above; secondary veins 9-18 pairs, only slightly more apparent than tertiaries, inserted almost at a right angle to the midrib and forming regular arches 1-5 mm from the leaf margin; tertiary veins concolorous and prominent on lower leaf surface, reticulate, forming areolae 1.5-2 mm wide; glandular dots dense, conspicuous to hardly distinct on lower leaf surface, 2-5 per mm². Flowers Dioecious. Male inflorescences Terminal or axillary, 1-3 cm long, 6- to 30-flowered, thyrsoid with flowers borne in (sometimes very short) lateral cymules, the axes puberulous; bracts linear to narrowly triangular, 0.7- 1.5 mm long. Male flowers 4-merous; pedicel 1-2 mm long, puberulous or glabrous; calyx cupular, 0.5 × 2 mm, with slightly angular and ciliolate margin, otherwise glabrous; bud subglobose to depressed-ovate, 1.5-2 × 1.5-2.5 mm, acute to obtuse at apex; petals ovate, 2.5-4 × 1.5-1.7 mm, free to connate at base, slightly acute at apex, glabrous, erect at anthesis; stamens 8, glabrous, with linear filaments c. 1.5 mm long and elliptic anthers c. 0.6 × 0.4 mm; intrastaminal disk 8-crenate in outline, c. 1.5 mm in diameter, densely hirsute; pistillode shortly umbonate, Female inflorescences Terminal or axillary, 1-2.5 cm long, 7-8-flowered, racemose or paniculate with very short ramifications Female flowers 4-merous; pedicel 1.5-4.5 mm long; calyx cupular, 0.8-1 × 2-2.5 mm, slightly angular with margin often splitting, glabrous except ciliolate margin; bud not seen; petals ovate, 4-5 × 1.3-2 mm, free to connate at base, acute at apex, glabrous, erect at anthesis; stamens apparently absent; ovary 4-locular with fused carpels, 4-lobed in outline, obovoid to subglobose, 1.4-2 × 1.5-1.7 mm, pubescent with stiff appressed hairs, with a shortly stipitate 4-lobed stigma 0.7-1.3 × 1-1.5 mm. Fruits Orange, broader than long and slightly 4-lobed, 11-14 × 17-19 mm, glabrous, finely depressed-punctate, on pedicel 3-4 mm long; pericarp c. 0.5 mm thick when dry; seed solitary, c. 10 × 8 mm, with endocarp thinly crustaceous, reticulate and adhering to the pericarp. REMARKS For illustrations of this species see Breteler (1995) and Hawthorne & Jongkind (2006). The petals of male flowers were originally described as connate at base (Breteler 1995) but in Fora 20 appear to be quite free; a similar variation is seen in the female flowers. The type locality of V. laurifolia (Hutch. & Dalziel) O.Lachenaud, comb. nov., Ninia, which cannot be traced precisely, lies in Guinea (Gledhill 1969: 427) and not in Sierra Leone as originally cited by Hutchinson & Dalziel (1927). However, the species does occur in Sierra Leone, where it has been recently collected., Published as part of Lachenaud, Olivier & Onana, Jean-Michel, 2021, The West and Central African species of Vepris Comm. ex A. Juss. (Rutaceae) with simple or unifoliolate leaves, including two new combinations, pp. 107-116 in Adansonia (3) (3) 43 (10) on pages 112-114, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2021v43a10, http://zenodo.org/record/4767574, {"references":["HUTCHINSON J. & DALZIEL J. M. 1927. - Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. 1 (1). The Crown Agents for the Colonies, London: 233 - 237.","BRETELER F. J. 1995. - Vepris felicis (Rutaceae): a new species from West Africa. Kew Bulletin 50: 131 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4114617","HAWTHORNE W. & JONGKIND C. 2006. - Woody Plants of Western African Forests. A Guide to the Forest Trees, Shrubs and Lianes from Senegal to Ghana. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1023 p.","GLEDHILL D. 1969. - G. F. Scott-Elliot and his plant localities. Taxon 18: 425 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1218474"]}

Vepris africana (Hook.f.) O.Lachenaud & Onana, comb. nov . (Fig. 1). Glycosmis (?) africana Hook. f., Niger Flora: 256 (Hooker 1849). ��� Type: S��o Tom�� & Pr��ncipe. S��o Tom��, without precise locality or date (fr.), Don s.n. (holo-, K[K000199556]). Teclea gossweileri I.Verd., Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 9: 409 (Verdoorn 1926), syn. nov. ��� Vepris gossweileri (I.Verd.) Mziray, Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 30: 72 (Mziray 1992), nom. illeg. [non V. gossweileri I.Verd.].��� Type: Angola. Cuanza Norte, Cabiri, 1.VII.1921 (male fl.), Gossweiler 8328 (holo-, K[K000199528, K000199529]). DISTRIBUTION. ��� This species has a very scattered distribution in NW coastal Gabon (around Libreville), coastal Republic of Congo (mouth of Kouilou River), northern Angola, and the north of S��o Tom�� island (Fig. 2). HABITAT. ��� Littoral thickets, edge of mangroves, and forest islands in savanna, often associated with rocky outcrops (especially of limestone), 0-1200 m in elevation; often gregarious, sometimes even dominant in its habitat. PHENOLOGY. ��� Flowers collected in January, March to July, and September to November, probably all year round; fruits in November. OTHER STUDIED MATERIAL. ��� Angola. Granja de S. Luiz, Cazengo, 21.XI.1917 (fr.), Gossweiler 5260 (BM); towards Ca��a��a, Granja de S. Luiz, Cazengo, 9.XI.1919 (fl. buds), Gossweiler 5636 (BM); Cassualala, Cuanza Norte, 22.V.1921 (male fl. buds), Gossweiler 8311 (BM, P06600613); Cuanza Norte, Castendo, 16.X.1922 (bisexual fl.), Gossweiler 8437 (BM, BR); Hochland von Quela, 1200 m, IX.1938 (male fl.), Nolde 827 (BM). Republic of the Congo. Bas-Kouilou, 2.I.1991 (st.), Dowsett-Lemaire 1496 (BR); Bas-Kouilou, 19.IV.1991 (male fl. buds), Dowsett- Lemaire 1583 (BR). Gabon. c. 12 km NE of Libreville, For��t de la Mondah, 0��33���N, 9��22���E, 28.I.1986 (male fl.), J.M. & B. Reitsma 1775 (LBV, P06600589, WAG); c. 6 km NE Malib��, 0��35���N, 9��26���E, 20.XII.1986 (fr.), J.M. & B. Reitsma 2742 (LBV, WAG); North of Libreville on Cape Esterias road, 0��35���N, 9��25���E, 14.VII.1986 (male fl. buds), D.W. Thomas & Wilks 6350 (LBV, WAG); Rivi��re Maliba, 26.III.1969 (male fl.), Villiers 54 (P06600612); Rivi��re Maliba, 11.VI.1969 (male fl.), Villiers 111 (P06600614); village Maliba, 23.IX.1969 (male fl.), Villiers 337 (P06600610). S��o Tom��. near Morro Carregado, N coast, 0��25���N, 6��37���E, 13.II.1980 (fr.), J.J.F.E. de Wilde et al. 448 (BR, WAG); chemin entre Plancas 1 et Ribeira Funda, 0��22.075���N, 6��35.784���E, 25.X.2019 (st.), Lachenaud et al. 2745 (MO, STPH); c��te Nord, c. 0,75 km �� l���est de Lagoa Azul vers Morro Peixe, 0��24.379���N, 6��36.961���E, 28.X.2019 (fr. imm.), Lachenaud et al. 2768 (BR, BRLU, COI, MO, STPH); without locality or date (fr.), Oliveira 1657 (BRLU); Morro Barro Vermelho, 250 m, 10.I.1997 (st.), Oliveira F 33 (BRLU); Lobata, Lagoa Azul, Imbondeiros, zona norte da Praia das Conchas, 9.III.2018 (fl. buds), Paiva et al. 288 (COI); without locality or date (st.), Welwitsch 6762 (BM). PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. ��� Near-threatened. Vepris africana, comb. nov. is a shrub occurring in Central Africa (S��o Tom��, Gabon, Congo Republic and Angola) in dry or littoral forest habitats, often on rocky outcrops, from sea level to 1200 m in elevation. It is known from 22 herbarium specimens, five of which were not taken into account for this assessment since their localities are either missing or untraceable. Based on the remaining 17 specimens, its extent of occurrence (EOO) is estimated to be 369480 km �� (far exceeding the limit for Vulnerable status under criterion B1) and its area of occupancy (AOO) to be 48 km ��, within the limit for Endangered status under criterion B2. These collections represent twelve unique occurrences, eight subpopulations, and eleven locations in the sense of IUCN. Only one occurrence is protected in the Raponda-Walker Arboretum (Gabon), and most of the rest, especially in S��o Tom�� and Gabon, occurs in areas where deforestation for agriculture, charcoal production, and urban expansion is strong, leading to an observed decline in the extent and quality of the habitat and number of individuals. The number of locations (eleven) is just above the limit for Vulnerable status under the conditions B2ab(iii,v), and because some of them are likely to disappear in the near future, the species is assessed as Near-threatened. DESCRIPTION Shrub 1-5 m high, much branched; all parts with slight citrus smell when crushed. Twigs Cylindrical, 2-2.5 mm thick, glabrous, soon covered with a pale grey bark, with scattered lenticels. Leaves Alternate or sometimes opposite near the apex of the twigs, unifoliolate, entirely glabrous; petiole 0.4-3(-5) cm long, canaliculate above, slightly bipulvinate, articulate at apex; lamina elliptic to slightly oblanceolate, 5.5-18.5 �� 1.7-7.4 cm, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, �� coriaceous, drying olive green to grey-brown; midrib slightly convex above; secondary veins 16- 23 pairs, weak and hardly distinct from the tertiaries, hardly ascending, forming regular arches 1-3.5 mm from leaf margin; tertiary and quaternary veins concolorous and prominent on lower leaf surface, the former parallel to the secondaries, the latter reticulate forming areolae c. 1 mm wide; glandular dots dense and rather conspicuous on lower leaf surface,2-5 per mm��. Flowers Androdioecious. Male inflorescences Axillary on young leafy twigs, 3-6 cm long, paniculate with flowers borne in distant glomerules along divaricate lateral branches up to 3 cm long, the axes glabrous to puberulous; bracts ovate, minute, Male flowers 4-merous; pedicel absent or very short, 0-0.5 mm, glabrous; calyx cupular, 1-1.3 �� 1-1.2 mm, truncate or with minute rounded lobes, glabrous except ciliolate margin; bud ellipsoid, c. 1 �� 0.7 mm, rounded at apex; petals free, narrowly oblong, 2.5-3 �� 0.7-1 mm, rounded at apex, glabrous, patent to reflexed at anthesis; stamens 4, glabrous, with linear filaments c. 1.5 mm long and elliptic anthers c. 0.6 �� 0.4 mm; intrastaminal disk absent; pistillode c. 2.3 mm long, linear with inflated base, glabrous. Bisexual inflorescences Axillary and sometimes terminal on young leafy twigs, 0.5- 8 cm long, racemose or sometimes paniculate with short ramifications c. 0.5 mm. Bisexual flowers 4-merous, sessile; calyx cupular, 1.2-1.5 �� 1.5-1.8 mm, truncate or with minute rounded lobes, glabrous except ciliolate margin; bud ellipsoid, c. 2 �� 1.3 mm, rounded at apex; petals free or nearly so, narrowly ovate, 2-2.7 �� 0.7-1.2 mm, rounded at apex, glabrous, patent to reflexed at anthesis; stamens 4, similar to those of male flowers but with thicker filaments; ovary 1-locular, subcylindrical, c. 1.5 �� 0.8 mm, glabrous, the apex truncate with a broad sessile discoid stigma c. 0.8 mm broad. Fruits Orange, ellipsoid to subglobose, 6-12 �� 6-8 mm when dry (up to 15 �� 12 mm in life), smooth, glabrous, sessile, with persistent stigma; pericarp very thin, c. 0.2 mm thick when dry; endocarp thinly crustaceous, c. 0.2 mm thick; seed solitary. REMARKS Vepris africana, comb. nov. is unusual for the genus in being apparently androdioecious: in both types of flowers the anthers are present and produce normal pollen; the ovary is normally developed in bisexual flowers but reduced to a pistillode in male flowers. The species is very similar to V. unifoliolata (Baill.) Labat, M.Pignal & O.Pascal [syn. V. punctata (I.Verd.) Mziray] from the Comoros and Madagascar, which appears to differ only in its truly dioecious flowers ��� the female ones lacking anthers ��� and glabrous calyx margin. The differences between the two taxa are rather slight, in spite of their wide geographic disjunction, and they might perhaps be treated as subspecies of a single species ��� in which case V. africana, comb. nov. is the older name. The distribution of V. africana, comb. nov. is rather unusual, but no significant differences could be found between the collections from S��o Tom�� (with fruits only), Gabon and Congo (with male flowers and fruits) and Angola (with fruits and both flower types). The occurrence of the species in S��o Tom��, a recent volcanic island never connected to the continent, probably originates from dispersal by frugivorous birds, or possibly by marine currents since the plant often grows near the coast. There is no reason to suspect an introduction by man, since it is not a ruderal plant and not reported to be cultivated. The original publication of Teclea gossweileri (Verdoorn 1926) does not specify the herbarium of deposit of the type, Gossweiler 8328. However, there appears to be only one specimen of this number in Kew (consisting of two sheets labelled Sheet I and Sheet II) which is therefore to be regarded as the holotype. No sheet of this number was found in BM, and Exell & Mendon��a (1951: 271) report none from Portuguese herbaria, from which they studied the material for their treatment. One of the Angolan collections(Gossweiler4799)referred to this species by Exell & Mendon��a (1951, as Teclea gossweileri) actually represents Vepris welwitschii; see under that species. Differences between V. africana, comb. nov., V. laurifolia (Hutch. & Dalziel) O.Lachenaud, comb. nov. and V. welwitschii are summarised in Table 1., Published as part of Lachenaud, Olivier & Onana, Jean-Michel, 2021, The West and Central African species of Vepris Comm. ex A. Juss. (Rutaceae) with simple or unifoliolate leaves, including two new combinations, pp. 107-116 in Adansonia (3) (3) 43 (10) on pages 109-112, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2021v43a10, http://zenodo.org/record/4767574, {"references":["HOOKER W. J. 1849. - Niger Flora, or an Enumeration of the Plants of Western Tropical Africa Collected by the Late Dr Theodore Vogel. Hippolyte Bailliere, London. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 982903","VERDOORN I. C. 1926. - Revision of the African Toddaliae. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 9: 389 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4118639","MZIRAY W. 1992. - Taxonomic studies in Toddalieae Hook. f. (Rutaceae) in Africa. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 30: 1 - 95.","EXELL A. W. & MENDONCA F. A. 1951. - Rutaceae, in Conspectus Florae Angolensis. Vol. 1. Ministario do Ultramar, Lisboa: 270 - 273."]}

Deinbollia onanae Cheek sp. nov. Figs. 1 4 Similar to but differing from Deinbollia oreophila Cheek in the length of leaves of flowering stems (14)60 70 cm (versus 25 63 cm), number of leaflets per leaf (4)16 23 (versus (4)6 8(10)), width of leaflets (2.1)2.5 4 cm (versus (3)5.5 9(10.2) cm, number of secondary nerves on each side of midrib (15)17 18, (versus (7)9 14(17); stems with lenticels brown, concolorous and inconspicuous, (versus discolorous, bright white and conspicuous), ovary bilocular (versus trilocular) . Typus: Cameroon, Mt Oku and the Ijim Ridge, Aboh to Tum, 2400 m alt., fl. 22 Nov. 1996, Etuge 3600 (holotype K000337729! Fig. 2, isotypes MO!, WAG0336084!, WAG0336083!, YA0057050!); Deinbollia cf. pinnata Schum. & Thonn., sensu Cheek, in Cheek, Onana & Pollard (2000:162). Deinbollia sp. 2 sensu Cheek in Harvey et al. (2004: 125); Cheek & Etuge in Cheek et al. (2004: 399); Cheek in Cheek, Harvey & Onana (2010: 143, fig 23). Deinbollia sp. Chapman & Chapman (Chapman & Chapman, 2001: c41) Monoecious tree or treelet (4)5 15 m tall, trunk 14.5 40 cm diameter at 1.3 m from the ground, lacking exudate or scent when wounded, sparingly branched, nearly glabrous, apart from the inflorescence. Stems of flowering branches terete (0.8)1 1.5 cm diameter, solid (not hollow), second internode below apical inflorescence 2 2.5 cm long, outer epidermis pale grey-brown, contrasting with the darker brown bases of the adjoining petiolar pulvini, lenticels dense, raised, elliptic, 0.6 1.1 mm long, concolorous, inconspicuous, glabrescent, hairs sparse to dense, dark brown, cylindric 0.1 0.5 mm long. Leaves alternate, pinnately compound, (14)60 70 cm long; leaflets (4)16 23 per leaf on flowering stems, leaflets 10 14 per leaf on leaves of juvenile trees. Petiole (4)9.5 20.8 cm long, terete, c. four mm diameter at midpoint, drying pale yellow; basal pulvini dark brown; rhachis (4.5)32 44 cm long, (2)8 11-jugate on flowering stems, 5 7-jugate on non-flowering stems of juvenile trees, the upper surface of the distal half flattened with two thin lateral wings and with a central dark hairy rounded central ridge, the rest of the rhachis glabrescent with sparse inconspicuous hairs (de Wilde 4555), or with sparse dark brown appressed hairs (Cable 3386). Leaflets mostly oblong (6.6)14 19.5 × (2.1)2.5 4 cm, (but leaflets of sterile branches to 6.5 cm wide), acumen c. 1 cm long, base broadly acute, slightly asymmetric, (basalmost leaflets lanceolate and about half the length of the other leaflets) lateral nerves and midrib yellow, raised above and below, convex, (15)17 18 on each side of the midrib, nearly brochidodromous, the lateral nerve apices forming a weak irregular submarginal nerve, stronger branches uniting with the secondary nerve above, intersecondary nerves strong, parallel to the secondaries, tertiary and quaternary nerves reticulate raised yellow and conspicuous, on both surfaces, contrasting with the pale grey-green areolae (except in Cable 3386(K) where they are concolorous and so inconspicuous above, possibly an artefact of poor drying); upper surface glabrous, lower surface with inconspicuous, minute, cylindrical, subappressed glossy dark-brown hairs c. 0.25 mm long, distributed very sparsely along the midrib and secondary nerves, absent from mature leaves of non-flowering specimens (e.g., Cheek 8709) but then the same hair type present on axillary buds and young leaves; petiolules yellow, 2 5 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence a 80 120-flowered, loose, terminal panicle 25 × 10 cm; auxiliary inflorescences sometimes present in the axils of the distal 1 4 leaves (Cheek 13625); peduncle of terminal inflorescences 0 2 cm long; rhachis internodes (1)2 3 cm long, shortest in the distal portion; first order bracts caducous; indumentum brown hairy; primary branches 10 20 per inflorescence, 2 8 cm long, each bearing (1)2 5 partialinflorescences; partial-peduncles 0 5 mm long, apex with a cluster of 3 5 bracteoles; bracteoles subulate to narrowly lanceolate, 2 3 mm long, apex narrowly acute, partialinflorescences (1)3-flowered in glomerules, pedicels erect, terete, 3 4 × 1.5 mm (female), 4 5 × 1 mm (male), sparsely puberulent, hairs 0.1 0.5 mm long. Flowers white, scent not recorded, flower buds c. four mm diam., open flowers c. 6 × 7 mm. Calyx with sepals 5(6), orbicular to broadly ovate, concave, green colour, 4 5 × 3.5 4.5 mm apex obtuse. Corolla apex slightly exserted from calyx, petals rhombic or spatulate. Male flowers (Fig. 1C). Petals 5(6), white, rhombic c. 5 × 3 mm, apex obtuse-acute, base cuneate, margins densely ciliate, hairs 0.3 mm long, outer surface glabrous, inner surface glabrous in distal half, proximal half compressed funneliform with ventral appendage adnate at margins, retuse (notched) for 0.5 mm at midline, adaxial surface moderately densely hairy, hairs c. 0.3 mm long. Extra-staminal disc torus-like, glabrous, irregular, outer wall convex, lacking constrictions or teeth with c. 15 poorly defined lobes, 2.5 3 mm wide, c. 0.8 mm high. Stamens c. 15, erect, slightly exserted by 1 2 mm at anthesis, c. 5 6.5 mm long; filament 4 5 mm long, straight, densely puberulent the entire length (Fig. 1D); anthers yellow, ovate-ellipsoid, 1 1.3 mm long. Ovary (vestigial, Fig. 1E) bilobed, c. 1 × 1.5 mm densely appressed hairy, hairs c. 0.5 mm; style 0.7 mm long, glabrous. Female flowers (Fig. 1G), with sepals and petals as the male flowers, but petals c. 6 × 2.6 2.9 mm, usually detaching with a stamen attached, probably due to interlocking hairs (see Fig. 1J), proximal two-thirds claw-like, c. 0.7 mm wide, margin sparsely and irregularly ciliate; ventral appendage with apex deeply bilobed, lobes c. 1 mm × 1 mm; disc as in male flower. Stamens c. 10 (see Fig. 1I), included at anthesis, filament c. 2.5 mm long, proximal half to quarter glabrous, distal part densely hairy; anther as male flowers but indehiscent; ovary bilobed (see Fig. 1H), 3.2 × 5 mm, indumentum as male flower, style c. 5 mm long, apical 1 mm, curved, surface papillate-minutely puberulent, apex subcapitate. Infructescence, of same dimensions as inflorescence, erect. Fruit colour recorded as nearly black when ripe, tasting sweet-sour (Elisha Barde, see uses below), and not coloured yellow when ripe (as in other species of the genus), mericarps 1 or 2, transversely ellipsoid, c.1.8 × 2.1 × 1.2 cm (hydrated), the surface leathery, shallowly and finely muricated, glabrous, mesocarp spongy and juicy, 1-seeded. Seed ellipsoid, c. 1.8 × 1.1 × 0.8 cm, testa thin, parchment like, endosperm absent, cotyledons fleshy. Phenology: flowering in November-December; fruiting in February and April, immature fruit recorded in December and June. Local name and uses: none are reported in Cameroon but in Ngel Nyaki, Nigeria, Elisha Emmanuel Barde of the Nigeria Montane Forest Project (pers. comm. to M. Cheek Dec. 2020), states that Nyeberehi (Fulfude) is the general name for all Deinbollia species while Jellahi (Fulfude) is a specific name for Deinbollia onanae in Ngel Nyaki where Fulfude speakers (Fulanis) use the bark of this species as medicine for themselves, to treat stomach aches as well as an anti-helminthic. It is not used for treating cattle. The fruits are reported to taste sour-sweet by Mr Barde. The species is also known as Pabba (Ndolla language). Etymology: The specific epithet of Deinbollia onanae means ‘of Onana’ commemorating Dr Jean-Michel Onana, currently Senior Lecturer in Botany at the University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon, champion of plant conservation in Cameroon, specialist in Sapindales (Burseraceae, author of Flore du Cameroun Burseraceae (Onana, 2017), co-chair of the IUCN Central African Red List Authority for Plants, former Head of the National Herbarium of Cameroon (2005 2016), co-author of the Red Data Book of the Plants of Cameroon (Onana & Cheek, 2011) and the Taxonomic Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Cameroon (Onana, 2011). He led field teams of YA staff working with those of K that resulted in the collection of several of the specimens of this species and personally collected this species in the field (Onana 1600, K, YA). Distribution & ecology: known only from the Cameroon Highlands of Cameroon (one location in the adjoining Mambilla Plateau, Nigeria) Fig. 3. Upper submontane & montane evergreen forest, sometimes in gallery forest; (1200) 2,050 2,200 m alt. Additional specimens: CAMEROON. South West Region, Mt Kupe, near main summit, immature fr., 26 June 1996, Cable 3386 (K000197863!, YA!) ; North West Region. Bali Ngemba Forest Reserve, fr. April 2002, Onana 1600 (K!); Mt Oku and the Ijim Ridge: above Laikom, st. 21 Nov..1996, Cheek 8709 (K000337728! YA!); Dom, Kinjinjang Rock, st. 25 Sept. 2006, Cheek 13436 (K000580433!; YA!); ibid. Forest Patch 1, fl. buds, 27 Sept. 2006, Cheek 13625 (K000580434!, MO!,US!, YA!); ibid., Javelong Forest, st. 29 April 2005, Pollard 1400 (K000580432!; YA!); Adamaoua Region, c. 120 km E of Ngaoundéré, 15 km NE of Belel, falls in Koudini River, alt. ± 1200 m, fl. 4 Dec. 1964, W.J.J.O. & J.J.F.E. de Wilde, B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 4555 (K000593309!; K000593310!, WAG1269760!, YA). NIGERIA. Taraba State, Mambilla Plateau, Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve, near camp, fr. 2 Dec. 2003, H.M. Chapman 481 (FHI, K!); ibid. female fl. 4 Dec. 2002, H.M. Chapman 484 (FHI, K!). Notes: Deinbollia onanae first came to our attention in 2000 when completing the ‘‘Plants of Kilum-Ijim’’ (Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000). Two specimens of Deinbollia matched no other and were named Deinbollia cf. pinnata (Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000). In subsequent surveys this taxon was more explicitly referred to as a new species: Deinbollia sp. 2 (Harvey et al., 2004; Cheek et al., 2004; Cheek, Corcoran & Horwath, 2009). However, the earliest known collection was made in 1964 (W.J.J.O. & J.J.F.E. de Wilde, de Wilde-Duyfjes 4555(K)). This species is remarkable for the very large number of pairs of unusually long and slender leaflets (Fig. 4), and for the comparatively large size of the individuals which often attain 10 15 m in height (Fig. 4), among the largest trees known in the genus. However, at Ngel Nyaki trees can begin flowering at only 2.5 m in height (E. Barde pers. comm. to Cheek Jan. 2020) Conservation: Deinbollia onanae is rare at each of its six known locations so far as is known, although at Ngel Nyaki this is difficult to establish due to potential confusion with Deinbollia oreophila. Despite many thousands of herbarium specimens being collected at Kilum-Ijim, at Mt Kupe and the Bakossi Mts, at Ngel Nyaki and at Bali Ngemba (Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000; Cheek et al., 2004; Harvey et al., 2004) only two specimens of this species at two sites, were made at each of the first three locations and only one at the third location. Surveys at other sites with suitable habitat in the Cameroon Highlands and elsewhere, e.g at Mt Cameroon and at the Lebialem Highlands, failed to find this species (Cheek et al., 1996; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Harvey, Tchiengue & Cheek, 2010; Cheek, Harvey & Onana, 2011). However, at Dom, where a targetted search for this species was made by the first author, three specimens were made, each representing single, isolated trees Cheek, Harvey & Onana (2010). No more individuals than these were found. At Adamaoua Region, Cameroon it has only been collected once, and only a single tree was then noted (W.J.J.O. & J.J.F.E. de Wilde, B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 4555(K)). None of these locations is formally protected for nature conservation. Tree cutting for timber and habitat clearance for agriculture has long been known to be a threat at all but the last of these locations (references cited above). The range of the species is large: extent of occurrence was calculated as 50,525 km 2 using GeoCAT. However, severe habitat fragmentation has resulted over many hundreds of years, forest patches being now distant from each other by tens of kilometres, isolated in oceans of cultivation and secondary fire-maintained grassland making the possibility of primate-mediated dispersal from one forest area to another now extremely unlikely. Ecological evidence from Ngel Nyaki is that while Deinbollia regenerates in that forest patch, its primate dispersers do not, or seldom cross to other forest patches (Dutton & Chapman, 2015, see discussion below). We assess the area of occupancy of Deinbollia onanae as 34 km 2 using the IUCN preferred 4 km 2 cell size. Therefore, we assess this species as Endangered, EN B2ab(iii) using the IUCN (2012) standard. We suggest that this species be included in forest restoration plantings within its natural range to partly reverse its move to extinction. However, the large (c. one cm diam.), thin-walled seeds are probably recalcitrant, so not suitable for conventional seed-banking, and should not be allowed to be dried before sowing since this can be expected to kill them. Experience at Ngel Nyaki (Matthesius, Chapman & Kelly, 2011) shows that it is possible to raise hundreds of seedlings in nurseries and to establish them in natural forest., Published as part of Cheek, Martin, Onana, Jean Michel & Chapman, Hazel M., 2021, The montane trees of the Cameroon Highlands, West-Central Africa, with Deinbollia onanae sp. nov. (Sapindaceae), a new primate-dispersed, Endangered species, pp. 1-25 in PeerJ 9 on pages 6-12, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11036, http://zenodo.org/record/4612486, {"references":["Cheek M, Onana J-M, Pollard BJ. 2000. The Plants of Mount Oku and the Ijim Ridge, Cameroon, a Conservation Checklist. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, 220 pp.","Harvey Y, Pollard BJ, Darbyshire I, Onana JM, Cheek M. 2004. The plants of Bali Ngemba Forest Reserve, Cameroon. a conservation checklist. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.","Cheek M, Pollard BJ, Darbyshire I, Onana J, Wild C. 2004. The plants of Kupe, Mwanenguba and the Bakossi Mountains, Cameroon. In: A conservation checklist. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.","Cheek M, Harvey Y, Onana JM. 2010. The plants of Dom, Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon, A Conservation Checklist. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, 162 pp.","Chapman J, Chapman H. 2001. The forests of Taraba and Adamawa States, Nigeria, an ecological account and plant species checklist. Christchurch: University of Canterbury, 221.","Fouilloy R, Halle N. 1973. Sapindacees. Flore du Cameroun 16. Paris: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle.","Keay RWJ. 1958. Sapindaceae. In: Keay, ed. Flora of West Tropical Africa 1 (2). London: Crown Agents, 709 725.","Cheek M, Etuge M. 2009 a. A new submontane species of Deinbollia (Sapindaceae) from Western Cameroon and adjoining Nigeria. Kew Bulletin 64 (3): 503 508 DOI 10.1007 / s 12225 - 009 - 9132 - 4.","Nickrent DL, Costea M, Barcelona JF, Pelser PB, Nixon K. 2006. onwards. PhytoImages. Available at http: // www. phytoimages. siu. edu.","Onana J-M. 2017. Burseraceae. In: Flore du Cameroun 43. IRAD-National Herbarium of Cameroon, Yaounde.","Onana J-M, Cheek M. 2011. Red data book of the flowering plants of Cameroon, IUCN global assessments. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens DOI 10.7717 / peerj. 9899.","Onana J-M. 2011. The vascular plants of cameroon. A taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments. In: Flore du Cameroun 39. IRAD-National Herbarium of Cameroon, Yaounde.","Cheek M, Corcoran, Horwath A. 2009. Four new submontane species of Psycho- tria (Rubiaceae) with bacterial nodules from western Cameroon. Kew Bulletin 63: 405 418 DOI 10.1007 / s 12225 - 008 - 9056 - 4.","Cheek M, Cable S, Hepper FN, Ndam N, Watts J. 1996. Mapping plant biodiversity on Mt. Cameroon. In: van der Maesen, van der Burgt, van Medenbach de Rooy, eds. The biodiversity of African Plants (Proceedings XIV AETFAT Congress). Kluwer, 110 120.","Cable S, Cheek M. 1998. The plants of Mt Cameroon, a conservation checklist. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.","Harvey YH, Tchiengue B, Cheek M. 2010. The plants of the Lebialem Highlands, a conservation checklist. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.","Cheek M, Harvey Y, Onana JM. 2011. The plants of Mefou Proposed National Park, Yaounde, Cameroon, A Conservation Checklist. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.","Dutton P, Chapman H. 2015. Dietary preferences of a submontane population of the rare Nigerian- Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) in Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve, Nigeria. American Journal of Primatology 77 (1): 86 97.","Matthesius A, Chapman H, Kelly D. 2011. Testing for Janzen Connell effects in a west African montane forest. Biotropica 43 (1): 77 83 DOI 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7429.2010.00664. x."]}

Deinbollia onanae Cheek Holotype: Cameroon, Mt Oku and the Ijim Ridge, Aboh to Tum, 2400 m alt., fl. 22 Nov. 1996, Etuge 3600 (holotype K000337729! Fig. 2, isotypes MO!, WAG0336084!, WAG0336083!, YA0057050!). Additional specimens: CAMEROON. South West Region, Mt Kupe, near main summit, immature fr., 26 June 1996, Cable 3386 (K000197863!, YA!); North West Region. Bali Ngemba Forest Reserve, fr. April 2002, Onana 1600 (YA!); Mt Oku and the Ijim Ridge: above Laikom, st. 21 Nov..1996, Cheek 8709 (K000337728! YA!); Dom, Kinjinjang Rock, st. 25 Sept. 2006, Cheek 13436 (K000580433!; YA!); ibid. Forest Patch 1, fl. buds, 27 Sept. 2006, Cheek 13625 (K000580434!, MO!, US!, YA!); ibid., Javelong Forest, st. 29 April 2005, Pollard 1400 (K000580432!; YA!); Adamaoua Region, c. 120 km E of Ngaoundéré, 15 km NE of Belel, falls in Koudini River, alt. ± 1,200 m, fl. 4 Dec. 1964, W.J.J.O. & J.J.F.E. de Wilde, B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 4555 (K000593309!; K000593310!, WAG1269760!, YA). NIGERIA. Taraba State, Mambilla Plateau, Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve, near camp, fr. 2 Dec. 2003, H.M. Chapman 481 (FHI, K!); ibid. female fl. 4 Dec. 2002, H.M. Chapman 484 (FHI, K!). All specimens are herbarium specimens from the National Herbarium of Cameroon and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. New Species Registration The following information was supplied regarding the registration of a newly described species: Deinbollia onanae sp. nov.: 77215132-1, Published as part of Cheek, Martin, Onana, Jean Michel & Chapman, Hazel M., 2021, The montane trees of the Cameroon Highlands, West-Central Africa, with Deinbollia onanae sp. nov. (Sapindaceae), a new primate-dispersed, Endangered species, pp. 1-25 in PeerJ 9 on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11036, http://zenodo.org/record/4612486