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The trend of COVID-19 and its reproductive number should be well examined because the transmission potential of novel coronavirus can reach high values. In this study the early stage of COVID-19 in Turkey between March 16 and March 28, 2020 was examined. Generalized Logistic growth model, Richards Model, and sub-exponential growth models were compared to estimate the trend of disease. Results showed that the reproductive number was between 2.00 and 2.45 at interested period. The best fitting model has been determines as sub-exponential growth model with scaling of growth parameter of 0.91.

WOS: 000368276200003, Genetic parameters of test day (from birth to sixth month) body weight and body size parameters of Saanen kids were estimated by random regression with third order Legendre polynomial. The analyses were applied to 2673 test day records of 382 Saanen kids (Twin = 328; Single = 54; Female = 204; Male = 178) in a private dairy goat farm in Samsun, at the black Sea region of Turkey. Permanent environmental variances were static for height at sacrum, height at withers and chest depth, increased for body weight and body length on time. Heritability values ranged from 0.2679 to 0.6135 for body weight and Height at withers. Genetic correlations changed between 0.725 and 0.979 in all traits. The positive high genetic correlations among traits suggested that selection for any one of these traits would result in considerable positive change in other traits.

BIYIK, Selim/0000-0003-4152-2596; GULER, Ahmet/0000-0003-0167-2346 WOS: 000395750400012 In the present study, 100 pure and adulterated honey samples produced by feeding colonies with different levels (5, 20 and 100 L/colony) of various commercial industrial sugar syrups such as High Fructose Corn Syrup 85 (HFCS-85), High Fructose Corn Syrup 55 (HFCS-55), Glucose Monohydrate Sugar (GMS), Bee Feeding Syrup (BFS) and Sucrose Syrup (SS) were evaluated in terms of sugar ingredients, physicochemical, mineral matter, vitamin and enzyme contents. Proline, electrical conductivity, free acidity, vitamin, mineral and enzyme content of honey were significantly affected by sugar origin and syrup levels. Fructose and glucose content of honey were not reliable criteria for distinguishing adulterated honey obtained by overfeeding honey bees (100 L/colony syrup) with sugar having balanced monosaccharide fraction. For pure blossom honey having EC value below 0.20 mS/cm should be evaluated as indirect adulterated with commercial industrial sugars originating from both C3 and C4 plants. In addition, proline content of pure blossom honey below 300 mg/kg might be an indicator for overfeeding honey bee colonies with HFCS-85 and SS. It is clear that the important biochemical and biological degradation occurred in honey when the colonies overfed with industrial sugars syrup during the main nectar flow. The values of biochemical properties found in the present study are important references to be used for revision of national and international standards.

WOS: 000413672900030 Optimum placental development influence fetal growth and may hence postnatal mortality of offspring. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dam age on placental characteristics and kid birth weight in Saanen goats. The experiment were conducted on 10 youth goat singleton bearing Saanen does (ranging from 10 to 12 mounts of age) and 10 mature singleton bearing Saanen does (ranging from 3 to 4 years of age). Birth weight, kid's sex and placental measurements were recorded within 12 h after parturition. Adolescent doe had significantly lower (P < 0.05) kid birth weight and placental weight than those of mature doe. Also the total number of placental cotyledons dissected from the chorioallantois in mature does were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of adolescent doe. There were positive correlation between kid birth weight and placental weight (0.795; P < 0.01), kid birth weight and total cotyledons number (0.578; P < 0.01) and placental weight and total cotyledons number (0.594; P < 0.01). The results suggest that adolescent dams in the first parity may alter placental characteristics and fetal development resulting in a reduced kid birth weight from singleton gestations. Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitAhi Evran University [ZRT.E2.16.002] This work was supported by the Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project Number: ZRT.E2.16.002

GULER, Ahmet/0000-0003-0167-2346; BIYIK, Selim/0000-0003-4152-2596 WOS: 000374311300004 In this study, 25 chemical characteristics of 60 pure and adulterated honey samples obtained from feeding honeybee colonies with different syrup levels (20 and 100 L/colony) of High Fructose Corn Syrup 85 (HFCS-85), High Fructose Corn Syrup 55 (HFCS-55) and sucrose (SS) were statistically analysed in order to determine their discriminative power using a Stepwise Method. Seven characteristics including C-4%, vitamin C, Fructose/Glucose (F/G), viscosity, invertase and the difference between the delta C-13 value of honey and its protein (Delta delta C-13(p-h)) were found to be discriminative. These seven characteristics allowed 60 honey samples to be grouped in their original groups with complete accuracy. The original sources of eight honey samples of unknown origin could be identified by using Standard Multivariate Canonical Discriminant Function and Constant Descriptive Coefficients (SMCDFCDC) belonging to the seven biochemical characteristics. It is possible to identify any honey sample of unknown origin taken from the market or brought to the laboratory for analysis as pure or adulterated by using these functions and descriptive coefficients. TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [111 O 268 TOVAG]; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) This study was funded by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) with project number 111 O 268 TOVAG and the title "Determination of the effect of some industrial sugars on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colony productivity, behavior and honey quality". The authors are grateful to TUBITAK for financial support and Dr. Semiha Guler for her contribution to the manuscript.

WOS: 000413672900001 The main aim of the animal breeding is to increase the yields of economic traits in future generations and increase the obtained production per animal. Genomic selection studies have become applicable as a result of rapid increase of both genetic and computer sciences. In this study, Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes C, Bayes Cpi which are used in genomic selection and BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) methods which are used traditional selection will be compared. For this aim genomic breeding value and phenotypic breeding value has been estimated for lactation milk yield of Holstein cows breeding in a private company in USA. Holstein cows (400 individuals) were genotyped with 54k SNPs. The marker input file was coded as - 10, 0, and 10 for marker genotypes AA, AB, and BB, respectively. A total of 50,000 iterations were used, with the first 5000 excluded as the burn-in. Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes C and Bayes Cpi were performed using the software GenSel 4.55 and phenotypic breeding values for lactation milk yield in Holstein cows were estimated by restricted error maximum likelihood (REML), BLUP procedures using an MTDFREML (multiple trait derivative free restricted maximum likelihood) program employing an animal model. Correlations were examined between phenotypic and genomic breeding values with Spearman correlation. As a result, for estimating breeding values, while the highest correlation was found between BLUP with Bayes Cpi, the lowest correlation were found between BLUP with Bayes A. Ondokuz Mayis University, Project Management OfficeOndokuz Mayis University [PYO.ZRT.1901.15.010] This research work is a short summary of PhD thesis and was carried out with the support of Ondokuz Mayis University, Project Management Office with project number of PYO.ZRT.1901.15.010.

WOS: 000354410400020 This study examined the effect of egg shell thickness on hatching traits of broiler breeders. A total of 253 eggs from broiler breeders were classified into three groups according to shell thickness (thin, medium, thick). Eggs were weighed, and shell thicknesses were measured ultrasonically. Hatchability, chick weight and chick length were assessed at the end of the incubation period. The effect of egg shell thickness on hatchability was found to be insignificant for all groups. Moreover, shell thickness had no significant effect on chick weight or length.

WOS: 000354410400009 The aim of this study was to examine the direct, indirect and total effects of some body measurements on body weight of Saanen kids by using path analysis. For this aim, relationship between body weight (BW) and four morpho-biometrical traits [chest girth (CG), height at withers (HW), height at sacrum (HS) and body length (BL)] were studied in 75 Saanen kids at one month of age using path analysis. However HW trait was excluded from analyze because of its multicollinearity with HS. The effects of CG, HS and BL on BW were found statistically significant. BL was found as variable with highest indirect effect (0.521) on BW. The direct effect of CG was higher than HS and BL. The total effect of BL was higher than those of HS and CG. These results showed that chest girth could be used to estimate the body weight of Saanen kids for practical purposes as well as for selection purposes.

Regresyon, üzerinde durulan yanıt değişkeni ile ilişkili olabileceği düşünülen açıklayıcı değişkenlerin bir fonksiyonu olarak ifade edilmektedir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin fonksiyonel şekli regresyon modelleri ile incelenmektedir. Kullanılması gereken regresyon modeli verinin yapısına göre farklılık göstermekte ve yanlış model kullanılması hatalı sonuçların elde edilmesine neden olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede regresyon modellerinden; doğrusal regresyon, lojistik regresyon, negatif binom regresyon, poisson regresyon, temel bileşenler regresyonu, probit regresyon, ridge regresyon, Cox regresyon modellerinin hangi durumlarda kullanılabileceği incelenmiştir., Regression can be expressed as a function between interested response variable and explanatory variables thought to be related on response. Functional form of the relationship between the explanatory variables and response variable described as regression model. The regression model must be chosen according to the data structure. If the chosen model is wrong, it leads to erroneous results. In this review, regression methods were examined to determine which regression models such as; linear regression, logistic regression, negative binomial regression, poisson regression, principal components regression, probit regression, ridge regression and Cox regression, is suitable for different data structure.

WOS: 000300848400012 This study was conducted to determine the availability of internal and external egg quality traits as selection criteria in White and Brown layers. For this reason, internal and external egg qualities have been determined in the sample eggs of two commercial and three native layer genotypes between 28 and 72 weeks of age. External quality traits such as; egg weight, shape index, breaking strength, shell thickness and egg specific gravity; and internal quality traits such as; albumen height, Haugh Unit, albumen index, yolk height, egg specific gravity and yolk color has been measured in 276 eggs of each genotype. Principal Component Analysis was applied to determine the most explanatory variables of total variance. Breaking strength and shell thickness of external egg quality traits and albumen height, albumen index and Haugh Unit of internal egg quality traits have been found in order to the most effective parameters in the genotypes. Shell thickness and breaking strength of external quality traits, and albumen height and albumen index were determined in an alternative approach, which grouped the genotypes according to live weights. External quality traits; breaking strength and shell thickness were effective in both medium heavy and light genotypes. But albumen height and albumen index in medium genotype, albumen height and Haugh Unit in light genotype were found effective according to internal quality traits. In conclusion, selection can be possible by determining some traits to improve the external and internal quality traits which include egg weight. (C) 2012 Friends Science Publishers

WOS: 000302071500007 PubMed: 21883562 Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of emergency medical physicians employed in hospital emergency rooms as to their potential role in the treatment for traumatic teeth avulsion injuries (TTAI). Methods. A 15-item questionnaire was distributed to the emergency rooms of one university and 10 public hospitals. The questionnaire gathered data on the respondents' professional profiles and self-assessed perceived knowledge and actual knowledge of the emergency management of TTAIs. Results. The study was implemented with 69 emergency physicians present at their workplaces during the time of data collection. Of these, 55 (79.7%) were employed at public hospitals and 14 (20.3%) at a university hospital. The professional profiles indicated that 47 (68.1%) of the participants were general practitioners and the remaining 22 (31.9%) were distributed among various other medical specialties. Overall, 28 respondents (40.6%) assessed their knowledge regarding medical treatment for TTAI as insufficient, and the majority (78.3%) stated that they would like further education. Importantly, a large majority of practitioners could not provide correct answers to questions related to the emergency management of TTAI. Conclusion. There is a need to improve the knowledge of emergency medical physicians regarding the emergency treatment for TTAI.

WOS: 000265889100038 The aim of this study was to monitor thermo-physiological responses and growth parameters of kids during the first 45 days to obtain more information of the kid's homeostatic response and growth performance in this period. In total 20 male and female Saanen kids were used in the trial with a mean birth weight of 3.27 +/- 0.28 and 2.97 +/- 0.21 kg, respectively. Rectal Temperatures (RT), Hearth Rate (HR) and Respiration Rate (RR) were recorded two times a day; at 08:00 and 16:00, throughout the trial period. Also, Body Length (BL), Width Through Hip Joints (WTHJ) and Height at Withers (HW) were recorded. Significant effect of postnatal age has been revealed on thermo-physiological parameters. Statistically significant regressions were determined for respiration and heart rate in female kids, while only respiration rate and rectal temperature were revealed for male kids (p