25 results on '"Onwuamah C"'
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2. Barriers and solutions to effective mentorship in health research and training institutions in Nigeria: Mentors, mentees, and organizational perspectives.
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Ughasoro, M, Musa, A, Yakubu, A, Adefuye, B, Folahanmi, A, Isah, A, Onyemocho, A, Chukwu, E, Chukwudi, C, Dadi Mamud, J, Effa, E, Egharevba, H, Etokidem, A, Mbachu, A, Njokanma, A, Ogunfowokan, A, Ohihoin, N, Onwuamah, C, Orunmuyi, T, and Salako, A
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- 2022
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3. Implementation of biosafety in infection control: a 10-year review.
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Uwandu, M. O., Ige, F. A., Okwuraiwe, A. P., Onwuamah, C. K., and Audu, R. A.
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INFECTION control ,BIOSAFETY ,MEDICAL personnel ,DEVELOPING countries ,HOSPITAL accreditation ,RESEARCH institutes - Abstract
Copyright of African Journal of Clinical & Experimental Microbiology is the property of African Journals Online (AJOL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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4. Long term outcomes of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected Nigerians and those co-infected with hepatitis B and C viruses.
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Okwuraiwe, A. P., Audu, R. A., Ige, F. A., Salu, O. B., Onwuamah, C. K., and Musa, A. Z.
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HIV ,HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy ,CHRONIC hepatitis B ,HEPATITIS B virus ,HEPATITIS associated antigen ,HEPATITIS B ,VIRAL load - Abstract
Copyright of African Journal of Clinical & Experimental Microbiology is the property of African Journals Online (AJOL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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5. Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy Depressed Mitosis and Induced Chromosome Aberration in Onion Root Cells
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Raji, J. I., primary, Onwuamah, C. K., additional, and Odeigah, P. G. C., additional
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- 2018
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6. Loss-of-Function GRHL3 Variants Detected in African Patients with Isolated Cleft Palate
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Eshete, M.A., primary, Liu, H., additional, Li, M., additional, Adeyemo, W.L., additional, Gowans, L.J.J, additional, Mossey, P.A., additional, Busch, T., additional, Deressa, W., additional, Donkor, P., additional, Olaitan, P.B., additional, Aregbesola, B.S., additional, Braimah, R.O., additional, Oseni, G.O., additional, Oginni, F., additional, Audu, R., additional, Onwuamah, C., additional, James, O., additional, Augustine-Akpan, E., additional, Rahman, L.A., additional, Ogunlewe, M.O., additional, Arthur, F.K.N., additional, Bello, S.A., additional, Agbenorku, P., additional, Twumasi, P., additional, Abate, F., additional, Hailu, T., additional, Demissie, Y., additional, Hailu, A., additional, Plange-Rhule, G., additional, Obiri-Yeboah, S., additional, Dunnwald, M.M., additional, Gravem, P.E., additional, Marazita, M.L., additional, Adeyemo, A.A., additional, Murray, J.C., additional, Cornell, R.A., additional, and Butali, A., additional
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- 2017
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7. Loss-of-Function GRHL3 Variants Detected in African Patients with Isolated Cleft Palate.
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Eshete, M. A., Liu, H., Li, M., Adeyemo, W. L., Gowans, L. J. J., Mossey, P. A., Busch, T., Deressa, W., Donkor, P., Olaitan, P. B., Aregbesola, B. S., Braimah, R. O., Oseni, G. O., Oginni, F., Audu, R., Onwuamah, C., James, O., Augustine-Akpan, E., Rahman, L. A., and Ogunlewe, M. O.
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CLEFT palate ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,AFRICANS ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,ZEBRA danio ,FISH embryos ,GENE expression ,PATIENTS ,DISEASES - Abstract
In contrast to the progress that has been made toward understanding the genetic etiology of cleft lip with or without cleft palate, relatively little is known about the genetic etiology for cleft palate only (CPO). A common coding variant of grainyhead like transcription factor 3 ( GRHL3) was recently shown to be associated with risk for CPO in Europeans. Mutations in this gene were also reported in families with Van der Woude syndrome. To identify rare mutations in GRHL3 that might explain the missing heritability for CPO, we sequenced GRHL3 in cases of CPO from Africa. We recruited participants from Ghana, Ethiopia, and Nigeria. This cohort included case-parent trios, cases and other family members, as well as controls. We sequenced exons of this gene in DNA from a total of 134 nonsyndromic cases. When possible, we sequenced them in parents to identify de novo mutations. Five novel mutations were identified: 2 missense (c.497C>A; p.Pro166His and c.1229A>G; p.Asp410Gly), 1 splice site (c.1282A>C p.Ser428Arg), 1 frameshift (c.470delC; p.Gly158Alafster55), and 1 nonsense (c.1677C>A; p.Tyr559Ter). These mutations were absent from 270 sequenced controls and from all public exome and whole genome databases, including the 1000 Genomes database (which includes data from Africa). However, 4 of the 5 mutations were present in unaffected mothers, indicating that their penetrance is incomplete. Interestingly, 1 mutation damaged a predicted sumoylation site, and another disrupted a predicted CK1 phosphorylation site. Overexpression assays in zebrafish and reporter assays in vitro indicated that 4 variants were functionally null or hypomorphic, while 1 was dominant negative. This study provides evidence that, as in Caucasian populations, mutations in GRHL3 contribute to the risk of nonsyndromic CPO in the African population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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8. P3.388 Sexual Violence and HIV/STIs in Girls and Young Women: Trends and Association in South Western, Nigeria
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Otuonye, N N M, primary, Onwuatuelo, I R, additional, Onwuamah, C K, additional, Okwuzu, J O, additional, Adeneye, A K, additional, Oparaugo, C T, additional, and Adesesan, A A, additional
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- 2013
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9. P2-S1.06 Adolescents' willingness to participate in HIV vaccine clinical trial preparedness in Nigeria
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Otuonye, N., primary, Onwuatuelo, R., additional, and Onwuamah, C., additional
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- 2011
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10. 204 Adolescents' Willingness to Participate in HIV Vaccine Clinical Trial Preparedness in Nigeria
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Otuonye, N M, primary, Onwuatuelo, I R, additional, Okwuzu, J O, additional, Onwuamah, C K, additional, Adeneye, A K, additional, Oparaugo, C T, additional, Akintude, G B, additional, Uwandu, M O, additional, and Fowora, M A, additional
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- 2011
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11. Genotyping performance evaluation of commercially available HIV-1 drug resistance test.
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Audu Rosemary, Onwuamah Chika, Okpokwu Jonathan, Imade Godwin, Odaibo Georgina, Okwuraiwe Azuka, Musa Zaidat, Chebu Philippe, Ezechi Oliver, Agbaji Oche, Olaleye David, Samuel Jay, Dalhatu Ibrahim, Ahmed Mukhtar, DeVos Joshua, Yang Chunfu, Raizes Elliot, Chaplin Beth, Kanki Phyllis, and Idigbe Emmanuel
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:ATCC HIV-1 drug resistance test kit was designed to detect HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes for all HIV-1 group M subtypes and circulating recombinant forms. The test has been validated for both plasma and dried blood spot specimen types with viral load (VL) of ≥1000 copies/ml. We performed an in-country assessment on the kit to determine the genotyping sensitivity and its accuracy in detecting HIVDR mutations using plasma samples stored under suboptimal conditions. METHODS:Among 572 samples with VL ≥1000 copies/ml that had been genotyped by ViroSeq assay, 183 were randomly selected, including 85 successful genotyped and 98 unsuccessful genotyped samples. They were tested with ATCC kits following the manufacturer's instructions. Sequence identity and HIVDR patterns were analysed with Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance HIVdb program. RESULTS:Of the 183 samples, 127 (69.4%) were successfully genotyped by either method. While ViroSeq system genotyped 85/183 (46.5%) with median VL of 32,971 (IQR: 11,150-96,506) copies/ml, ATCC genotyped 115/183 (62.8%) samples with median VL of 23,068 (IQR: 7,397-86,086) copies/ml. Of the 98 unsuccessful genotyped samples with ViroSeq assay, 42 (42.9%) samples with lower median VL of 13,906 (IQR: 6,122-72,329) copies/ml were successfully genotyped using ATCC. Sequence identity analysis revealed that the sequences generated by both methods were >98% identical and yielded similar HIVDR profiles at individual patient level. CONCLUSION:This study confirms that ATCC kit showed greater sensitivity in genotyping plasma samples stored in suboptimal conditions experiencing frequent and prolonged power outage. Thus, it is more sensitive particularly for subtypes A and A/G HIV-1 in resource-limited settings.
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- 2018
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12. Molecular detection of hepatitis B virus genotype E with immune escape mutations in chronic hepatitis B patients on long-term antiviral therapy in Jos, Nigeria.
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Anejo-Okopi J, Okeke E, Davwar PM, Onwuamah C, Onywera H, Omaiye P, Duguru M, Okojokwu OJ, Ujah OI, Jonathan B, George CA, Crown RS, Yakubu FB, Sokei JO, Okoli LC, Audu O, Inzaule SC, Abah IO, Agaba P, Agbaji OO, Sagay AS, and Hawkins C
- Abstract
Background: Previous studies in Nigeria have reported the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E and the availability of immune escape mutants. There is a paucity of data on chronic patients on long-term antiviral therapy for HBV infection., Objective: This study assessed HBV genotypes and drug resistance variants among patients with chronic HBV infection receiving tenofovir in Jos, Nigeria., Methods: This cross-sectional study consecutively enrolled 101 patients (51 with HIV/HBV co-infection and 50 with HBV infection only) on antiviral therapy from February 2018 to May 2019 at four hospitals in Jos, Nigeria. DNA quantification of HBV was performed on all samples; 30 samples with detectable viral load were selected for genotyping using Sanger sequencing by targeting the full-length sequences of reverse transcriptase gene of the HBV genome. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with reference sequences from GenBank. Escape mutant and drug resistance analysis were performed using HBV drug resistance interpretation and Geno2pheno., Results: Only 30 (29.7%) of the 101 study participants had detectable HBV DNA. Of these, six (20.0%) isolates were successfully amplified and sequenced. The identified genotype was E, including escape mutations L127R (16.7%) and G145A (16.7%)., Conclusion: This study revealed exclusive dominance of genotype E in Nigeria. The S gene mutations G145A and L271R are known to be associated with modified antigenicity and impaired serologic assays, which may cause false negatives in the detection of anti-HBV surface antigen. The presence of mutants that are associated with vaccine immune escape may also have diagnostic and vaccine immune response implications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article., (© 2022. The Authors.)
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- 2022
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13. SARS-COV-2 antibody responses to AZD1222 vaccination in West Africa.
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Abdullahi A, Oladele D, Owusu M, Kemp SA, Ayorinde J, Salako A, Fink D, Ige F, Ferreira IATM, Meng B, Sylverken AA, Onwuamah C, Boadu KO, Osuolale K, Frimpong JO, Abubakar R, Okuruawe A, Abdullahi HW, Liboro G, Agyemang LD, Ayisi-Boateng NK, Odubela O, Ohihoin G, Ezechi O, Kamasah JS, Ameyaw E, Arthur J, Kyei DB, Owusu DO, Usman O, Mogaji S, Dada A, Agyei G, Ebrahimi S, Gutierrez LC, Aliyu SH, Doffinger R, Audu R, Adegbola R, Mlcochova P, Phillips RO, Solako BL, and Gupta RK
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- Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, Antibody Formation, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Ghana, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, SARS-CoV-2, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Vaccination, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Viral Vaccines
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Real-world data on vaccine-elicited neutralising antibody responses for two-dose AZD1222 in African populations are limited. We assessed baseline SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and levels of protective neutralizing antibodies prior to vaccination rollout using binding antibodies analysis coupled with pseudotyped virus neutralisation assays in two cohorts from West Africa: Nigerian healthcare workers (n = 140) and a Ghanaian community cohort (n = 527) pre and post vaccination. We found 44 and 28% of pre-vaccination participants showed IgG anti-N positivity, increasing to 59 and 39% respectively with anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG-specific antibodies. Previous IgG anti-N positivity significantly increased post two-dose neutralizing antibody titres in both populations. Serological evidence of breakthrough infection was observed in 8/49 (16%). Neutralising antibodies were observed to wane in both populations, especially in anti-N negative participants with an observed waning rate of 20% highlighting the need for a combination of additional markers to characterise previous infection. We conclude that AZD1222 is immunogenic in two independent West African cohorts with high background seroprevalence and incidence of breakthrough infection in 2021. Waning titres post second dose indicates the need for booster dosing after AZD1222 in the African setting despite hybrid immunity from previous infection., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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14. The use of DIY (Do it yourself) sampling and telemonitoring model for COVID-19 qPCR testing scale up.
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Amoo OS, Adewara F, Tijani B, Onuigbo TI, Ikemefuna AS, Oraegbu JI, Rizvi T, Okwuraiwe A, Onwuamah C, Shaibu J, James A, Ohihoin G, Ige F, Kareithi D, David A, Karera S, Agboola H, Adeniyi A, Obi J, Achanya D, Odewale E, Oforomeh O, Liboro G, Nwogbe O, Ezechi O, Adegbola R, Audu R, and Salako B
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, COVID-19 Testing statistics & numerical data, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nigeria epidemiology, Remote Consultation methods, Reproducibility of Results, SARS-CoV-2, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling methods, Young Adult, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 Testing methods, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Telemedicine methods
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The first case of COVID-19 in Nigeria was recorded on February 27, 2020, being an imported case by an Italian expatriate, to the country. Since then, there has been steady increase in the number of cases. However, the number of cases in Nigeria is low in comparison to cases reported by other countries with similar large populations, despite the poor health system prevailing in the country. This has been mainly attributed to the low testing capacity in Nigeria among other factors. Therefore, there is a need for innovative ways to increase the number of persons testing for COVID-19. The aim of the study was to pilot a nasopharyngeal swab self-sample collection model that would help increase COVID-19 testing while ensuring minimal person-to-person contact being experienced at the testing center. 216 participants took part in this study which was carried out at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research between June and July 2020. Amongst the 216 participants, 174 tested negatives for both self-collected samples and samples collected by Professionals, 30 tested positive for both arms, with discrepancies occurring in 6 samples where the self-collected samples were positive while the ones collected by the professionals were negative. The same occurred in another set of 6 samples with the self-collected samples being negative and the professional-collected sample coming out positive, with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 96.7%. The results of the interrater analysis are Kappa = 0.800 (95% CI, 0.690 to 0.910) which implies an outstanding agreement between the two COVID-19 sampling methods. Furthermore, since p< 0.001 Kappa (k) coefficient is statistically different from zero, our findings have shown that self-collected samples can be reliable in the diagnosis of COVID-19., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2021
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15. Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Lagos, Nigeria: A Descriptive Study.
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Otuonye NM, Olumade TJ, Ojetunde MM, Holdbrooke SA, Ayoola JB, Nyam IY, Iwalokun B, Onwuamah C, Uwandu M, Abayomi A, Osibogun A, Bowale A, Osikomaiya B, Thomas B, Mutiu B, and Odunukwe NN
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- Comorbidity, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nigeria epidemiology, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral virology, SARS-CoV-2, Sex Factors, COVID-19 epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology
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Introduction: COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving global situation, infecting over 25 million people and causing more than 850,000 deaths. Several signs and symptoms have been described to be characteristic of the disease. However, there is a dearth of report on the description of the clinical characteristics of the disease in patients from Nigeria. This study was designed to provide a description of the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria., Methods: This study is a case series that includes patients that are evaluated between May and August 2020, and diagnosed with COVID-19. Patient health records were reviewed and evaluated to describe the clinical characteristics on presentation., Results: A total of 154 COVID-19 patients were included in this study, with a mean age (S.D.) of 46.16 (13.701). Most of the patients survived (mortality rate of 2.6%), and were symptomatic (89.6%). There were more males (74.7%) than females, and the most common symptoms were fever, breathing difficulty, dry cough and malaise. Co-morbidities were also present in almost half of the study participants (49.4%)., Conclusion: This study presents the most extensive description, to date, on the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. Males are more likely than females to be infected with COVID-19 and the most occurring symptoms are fever, breathing difficulty, malaise, dry cough and chest pain. Old age and the presence of co-morbidities may also be associated with developing the severe disease., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest The authors report no competing (commercial/academic) interests., (Copyright © 2020 National Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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16. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Seen at a Testing Centre in Lagos Nigeria.
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Salako AO, Amoo OS, Odubela OO, Osuolale KA, James AB, Oladele DA, Musa AZ, Ige FA, Okwuraiwe AP, Onwuamah CK, Shaibu JO, David AN, Audu RA, Ezechi OC, Odunukwe NN, and Salako BL
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- Adolescent, Cough epidemiology, Cough etiology, Fatigue epidemiology, Fatigue etiology, Fever epidemiology, Fever etiology, Headache epidemiology, Headache etiology, Humans, Male, Nigeria epidemiology, Pharyngitis epidemiology, Pharyngitis etiology, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, COVID-19 epidemiology, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2
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Background: The SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to ravage the global community since it was declared a pandemic. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics defining the disease are mainly from Europe and Asia. The disease symptomatology is similar to the prevalent diseases in our environment, this could result in the delay in prompt identification and appropriate management of suspected cases toward combating community transmission. This study evaluates the prevalence, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of positive cases of COVID -19., Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Data on the socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and the results of the SARS-CoV-2 test of participants at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research [NIMR] Modified Drive-through Centre for COVID-19 test sample collection over two months [24th February 2020- 27th April 2020] were retrieved from the electronic medical records (EMR). Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0., Results: A total number of 481 clients were evaluated in this review. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population was 14.6%. The mean age of the positive cases was 42.2 [±15.9] years. The common symptoms reported by the positive cases were fever (40.0%), cough (32.9%), sore throat (17.1%) and running nose (15.7%). Fever depicted statistical significance with positive cases with the majority being of mild to moderate clinical severity., Conclusion: The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among this cohort was 14.6% with a male preponderance. Fever and sore throat were the variables that predicted SARS CoV-2 infection among our cohort.
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- 2021
17. Genomic analyses in African populations identify novel risk loci for cleft palate.
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Butali A, Mossey PA, Adeyemo WL, Eshete MA, Gowans LJJ, Busch TD, Jain D, Yu W, Huan L, Laurie CA, Laurie CC, Nelson S, Li M, Sanchez-Lara PA, Magee WP, Magee KS, Auslander A, Brindopke F, Kay DM, Caggana M, Romitti PA, Mills JL, Audu R, Onwuamah C, Oseni GO, Owais A, James O, Olaitan PB, Aregbesola BS, Braimah RO, Oginni FO, Oladele AO, Bello SA, Rhodes J, Shiang R, Donkor P, Obiri-Yeboah S, Arthur FKN, Twumasi P, Agbenorku P, Plange-Rhule G, Oti AA, Ogunlewe OM, Oladega AA, Adekunle AA, Erinoso AO, Adamson OO, Elufowoju AA, Ayelomi OI, Hailu T, Hailu A, Demissie Y, Derebew M, Eliason S, Romero-Bustillous M, Lo C, Park J, Desai S, Mohammed M, Abate F, Abdur-Rahman LO, Anand D, Saadi I, Oladugba AV, Lachke SA, Amendt BA, Rotimi CN, Marazita ML, Cornell RA, Murray JC, and Adeyemo AA
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- Alleles, Animals, Chromosome Mapping, Disease Models, Animal, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Female, Gene Expression, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Male, Mice, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Black People genetics, Cleft Palate genetics, Genetics, Population, Genome, Human, Genomics methods, Quantitative Trait Loci
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Orofacial clefts are common developmental disorders that pose significant clinical, economical and psychological problems. We conducted genome-wide association analyses for cleft palate only (CPO) and cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) with ~17 million markers in sub-Saharan Africans. After replication and combined analyses, we identified novel loci for CPO at or near genome-wide significance on chromosomes 2 (near CTNNA2) and 19 (near SULT2A1). In situ hybridization of Sult2a1 in mice showed expression of SULT2A1 in mesenchymal cells in palate, palatal rugae and palatal epithelium in the fused palate. The previously reported 8q24 was the most significant locus for CL/P in our study, and we replicated several previously reported loci including PAX7 and VAX1., (Published by Oxford University Press 2018.)
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- 2019
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18. Identification of paternal uniparental disomy on chromosome 22 and a de novo deletion on chromosome 18 in individuals with orofacial clefts.
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Oseni GO, Jain D, Mossey PA, Busch TD, Gowans LJJ, Eshete MA, Adeyemo WL, Laurie CA, Laurie CC, Owais A, Olaitan PB, Aregbesola BS, Oginni FO, Bello SA, Donkor P, Audu R, Onwuamah C, Obiri-Yeboah S, Plange-Rhule G, Ogunlewe OM, James O, Halilu T, Abate F, Abdur-Rahman LO, Oladugba AV, Marazita ML, Murray JC, Adeyemo AA, and Butali A
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- Adult, Child, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosome Disorders pathology, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 genetics, Cleft Lip pathology, Cleft Palate pathology, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Mosaicism, Trisomy pathology, Uniparental Disomy pathology, Chromosome Disorders genetics, Cleft Lip genetics, Cleft Palate genetics, Trisomy genetics, Uniparental Disomy genetics
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Background: Orofacial clefts are the most common malformations of the head and neck region. Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of these traits., Methods: We recently conducted genotyping of individuals from the African population using the multiethnic genotyping array (MEGA) to identify common genetic variation associated with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts. The data cleaning of this dataset allowed for screening of annotated sex versus genetic sex, confirmation of identify by descent and identification of large chromosomal anomalies., Results: We identified the first reported orofacial cleft case associated with paternal uniparental disomy (patUPD) on chromosome 22. We also identified a de novo deletion on chromosome 18. In addition to chromosomal anomalies, we identified cases with molecular karyotypes suggesting Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome and Triple X syndrome., Conclusion: Observations from our study support the need for genetic testing when clinically indicated in order to exclude chromosomal anomalies associated with clefting. The identification of these chromosomal anomalies and sex aneuploidies is important in genetic counseling for families that are at risk. Clinicians should share any identified genetic findings and place them in context for the families during routine clinical visits and evaluations., (© 2018 The Authors. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
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- 2018
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19. Novel GREM1 Variations in Sub-Saharan African Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate.
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Gowans LJJ, Oseni G, Mossey PA, Adeyemo WL, Eshete MA, Busch TD, Donkor P, Obiri-Yeboah S, Plange-Rhule G, Oti AA, Owais A, Olaitan PB, Aregbesola BS, Oginni FO, Bello SA, Audu R, Onwuamah C, Agbenorku P, Ogunlewe MO, Abdur-Rahman LO, Marazita ML, Adeyemo AA, Murray JC, and Butali A
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- Africa South of the Sahara epidemiology, Cleft Lip epidemiology, Cleft Palate epidemiology, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Male, Mutation, Pedigree, Phenotype, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Cleft Lip genetics, Cleft Palate genetics, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics
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Objective: Cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) are congenital anomalies of the face and have multifactorial etiology, with both environmental and genetic risk factors playing crucial roles. Though at least 40 loci have attained genomewide significant association with nonsyndromic CL/P, these loci largely reside in noncoding regions of the human genome, and subsequent resequencing studies of neighboring candidate genes have revealed only a limited number of etiologic coding variants. The present study was conducted to identify etiologic coding variants in GREM1, a locus that has been shown to be largely associated with cleft of both lip and soft palate., Patients and Method: We resequenced DNA from 397 sub-Saharan Africans with CL/P and 192 controls using Sanger sequencing. Following analyses of the sequence data, we observed 2 novel coding variants in GREM1. These variants were not found in the 192 African controls and have never been previously reported in any public genetic variant database that includes more than 5000 combined African and African American controls or from the CL/P literature., Results: The novel variants include p.Pro164Ser in an individual with soft palate cleft only and p.Gly61Asp in an individual with bilateral cleft lip and palate. The proband with the p.Gly61Asp GREM1 variant is a van der Woude (VWS) case who also has an etiologic variant in IRF6 gene., Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that there is low number of etiologic coding variants in GREM1, confirming earlier suggestions that variants in regulatory elements may largely account for the association between this locus and CL/P.
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- 2018
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20. Distinct Pattern of Thymidine Analogue Mutations with K65R in Patients Failing Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.
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Chaplin B, Imade G, Onwuamah C, Odaibo G, Audu R, Okpokwu J, Olaleye D, Meloni S, Rawizza H, Muazu M, Musa AZ, Samuel J, Agbaji O, Ezechi O, Idigbe E, and Kanki PJ
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- Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, HIV Infections genetics, HIV Reverse Transcriptase antagonists & inhibitors, HIV Reverse Transcriptase genetics, HIV-1 drug effects, Humans, Nigeria, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Failure, Zidovudine analogs & derivatives, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1 genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacology, Tenofovir pharmacology, Viral Load drug effects, Zidovudine pharmacology
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Historically, in HIV patients, the K65R mutation and thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) have been reported to rarely coexist. We retrospectively reviewed genotype data from paired samples in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Nigerian patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapies containing zidovudine (AZT) or tenofovir (TDF). Samples for each patient were taken at initial confirmed virological failure ≥1000 copies/ml (S1) and then at the latest available sample with viral load ≥1000 copies/ml before switch to second line (S2). Among 103 patients failing AZT, 19 (18.4%) had TAM-1s, 29 (28.2%) TAM-2s, and 21 (20.4%) mixed TAMs by S2. In contrast, in the 87 patients failing TDF, drug resistance mutations at S2 included K65R in 56 (64.4%), TAM-1s in 1 (1.1%), and TAM-2s in 25 patients (28.7%). Interestingly, 30.4% of patients with K65R in our study developed TAMs. These were exclusively K219E ± D67N and were not predicted to confer a resistance cost to future AZT-containing regimens.
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- 2018
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21. Multidisciplinary approach to genomics research in Africa: the AfriCRAN model.
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Butali A, Mossey P, Tiffin N, Adeyemo W, Eshete M, Mumena C, Audu R, Onwuamah C, Agbenorku P, Ogunlewe M, Adebola A, Olasoji H, Aregbesola B, Braimah R, Oladugba A, Onah I, Adebiyi E, Olaitan P, Abdur-Rahman L, and Adeyemo A
- Subjects
- Africa, Craniofacial Abnormalities diagnosis, Craniofacial Abnormalities therapy, Humans, Biomedical Research organization & administration, Craniofacial Abnormalities genetics, Genomics methods, Patient Care Team organization & administration
- Abstract
This article is an outcome of the African Craniofacial Anomalies Research Network (AfriCRAN) Human Hereditary and Health (H3A) grant planning meeting in 2012 in Lagos, Nigeria. It describes the strengths of a multidisciplinary team approach to solving complex genetic traits in the craniofacial region. It also highlights the different components and argues for the composition of similar teams to fast track the discovery of disease genes, diagnostic tools, improved clinical treatment and ultimately prevention of diseases.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Development and implementation challenges of a quality assured HIV infant diagnosis program in Nigeria using dried blood spots and DNA polymerase chain reaction.
- Author
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Audu R, Onwuamah C, Salu O, Okwuraiwe A, Ou CY, Bolu O, Bond KB, Diallo K, Lu L, Jelpe T, Okoye M, Ngige E, and Vertefeuille J
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, HIV-1 genetics, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Nigeria, Blood virology, Desiccation, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Specimen Handling methods
- Abstract
Nigeria has one of the highest HIV burdens as well as mother-to-infant transmission rates in the world. A pilot program using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based testing of dried blood spot (DBS) specimens was implemented to enable early identification of HIV-infected infants and timely referral and linkage to care. From February 2007 to October 2008, whole blood was collected by finger prick to prepare DBS from infants <18 months presenting in six public mother-and-child health facilities in Lagos, Nigeria. The DBS were tested using the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 DNA Test, v1.5. To monitor laboratory testing quality, all of the PCR-positive and 10% of the PCR-negative DBS were retested by the same method at another reference laboratory. Three hundred and sixty-five randomly selected infants were screened using HIV rapid tests (RT) according to the national algorithm and RT-negative and PCR-positive specimens were also tested using Genscreen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) (Bio-Rad, France). The turnaround time (TAT) from sample collection, testing, and dispatching of results from each health facility was monitored. A total of 1,273 infants with a median age of 12.6 weeks (1 day to 71.6 weeks) participated in the program and 280 (22.0%) were PCR positive. HIV transmission levels varied greatly in the different health facilities ranging from 7.1% to 38.4%. Infants aged 48 to 72 weeks had the highest level of PCR positivity (41.1%). All PCR-positive specimens were confirmed by retesting. The mean turnaround time from DBS collection to returning of the laboratory result to the health facilities was 25 days. Three infants were found to be HIV antibody negative by rapid tests but were positive by both PCR and the fourth generation EIA. The DBS-based PCR program accurately identified all of the HIV-infected infants. However, many programmatic challenges related to the laboratory and TAT were identified.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Immunological and virological response to haart in HIV-1 patients co-infected with hepatitis B and C viruses.
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Okwuraiwe AP, Audu RA, Salu OB, Onwuamah CK, Amoo OS, Ige FA, Meshack EH, Jamda PD, Odunukwe NN, Onwujekwe DI, Ezechi OC, and Idigbe EO
- Subjects
- Adult, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active methods, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active statistics & numerical data, CD4 Lymphocyte Count methods, Case-Control Studies, Coinfection, Drug Monitoring, Female, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens blood, Hepatitis C Antibodies blood, Humans, Male, Monitoring, Immunologic, Nigeria epidemiology, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load drug effects, Viral Load methods, Anti-HIV Agents immunology, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections immunology, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 drug effects, HIV-1 immunology, Hepatitis B, Chronic epidemiology, Hepatitis B, Chronic immunology, Hepatitis C, Chronic epidemiology, Hepatitis C, Chronic immunology
- Abstract
Background: Among the countries highly endemic for viral hepatitis, Nigeria is found. Information on how triple infected persons (HIV, HBV, and HCV) fare on HAART in the country is lacking. Laboratory based investigation was carried out to assess the virological and immunological parameters of HIV-1 infected patients co-infected with Hepatitis B and C, accessing care at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research. It was a case controlled study., Objectives: The study aimed to compare the laboratory data of HIV-HBV-HCV patients seen between 2006 and 2009 with HIV-1 monoinfected patients in the same period, on HAART according to the national guideline and followed up for 12 months., Methods: Detection of Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis C Virus Antibody (HCVAb) were assayed using ELISA techniques (Bio Rad and DIA PRO respectively). The CD4 and HIV viral load were determined using the Cyflow Counter/Kits (Partec) and the Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Test V1.5 (Roche) techniques respectively., Results: Forty-one (0.4%) of the 10,214 HIV-1 patients seen during the period were co-infected with both HBV and HCV. Over the 12 month-period, median HIV-1 viral load and CD4 count reduced and increased respectively (12,205-200 RNA copies/mL; 210-430 cells/mL from baseline - 12th month), and for the HIV-1 monoinfected patients (36,794-200 RNA copies/mL [p=0.5485] and 206-347 cells/mL [p=0.7703] from baseline - 12th month)., Conclusion: There seems to be no significant influence of hepatitis B and C in HIV infection on HAART judging by the CD4 and viral load profiles which were similar in the two groups.
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- 2012
24. Genetic studies in the Nigerian population implicate an MSX1 mutation in complex oral facial clefting disorders.
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Butali A, Mossey PA, Adeyemo WL, Jezewski PA, Onwuamah CK, Ogunlewe MO, Ugboko VI, Adejuyigbe O, Adigun AI, Abdur-Rahman LO, Onah II, Audu RA, Idigbe EO, Mansilla MA, Dragan EA, Petrin AL, Bullard SA, Uduezue AO, Akpata O, Osaguona AO, Olasoji HO, Ligali TO, Kejeh BM, Iseh KR, Olaitan PB, Adebola AR, Efunkoya E, Adesina OA, Oluwatosin OM, and Murray JC
- Subjects
- Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Cleft Lip epidemiology, Cleft Palate epidemiology, Female, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Nigeria epidemiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Black People genetics, Cleft Lip genetics, Cleft Palate genetics, MSX1 Transcription Factor genetics, Mutation, Missense genetics
- Abstract
Background: Orofacial clefts are the most common malformations of the head and neck, with a worldwide prevalence of 1 in 700 births. They are commonly divided into CL(P) and CP based on anatomic, genetic, and embryologic findings. A Nigerian craniofacial anomalies study (NigeriaCRAN) was set up in 2006 to investigate the role of gene-environment interaction in the origin of orofacial clefts in Nigeria., Subjects and Methods: DNA isolated from saliva from Nigerian probands was used for genotype association studies and direct sequencing of cleft candidate genes: MSX1 , IRF6 , FOXE1, FGFR1 , FGFR2 , BMP4 , MAFB, ABCA4 , PAX7, and VAX1 , and the chromosome 8q region., Results: A missense mutation A34G in MSX1 was observed in nine cases and four HapMap controls. No other apparent causative variations were identified. Deviation from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was observed in these cases (p = .00002). A significant difference was noted between the affected side for unilateral CL (p = .03) and bilateral clefts and between clefts on either side (p = .02). A significant gender difference was also observed for CP (p = .008)., Conclusions: Replication of a mutation previously implicated in other populations suggests a role for the MSX1 A34G variant in the development of CL(P).
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- 2011
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25. Knowledge, perception and acceptability of microbicides among healthcare workers in Lagos, Nigeria.
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Otuonye NM, Odunukwe NN, Adeneye AK, Smith SI, Chigbo RC, Onwuatuelo RI, Oparaugo CT, Onwuamah CK, Fowora MA, Uwah H, and Idigbe EO
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, HIV Infections prevention & control, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nigeria, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Personnel psychology
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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