Search

Aesthetic experience is an altered state of consciousness characterized by a detached absorption in an aesthetic object; it is a pleasant—sometimes ecstatic—liberation from the self and its agenda. I briefly review perceptual-cognitive and affective approaches used by psychologists to understand the phenomenon and suggest the need for a volitional perspective. To illustrate the nature and scope of aesthetic experience, I discuss nine varieties, elicited by different qualities in objects and evoking distinctive responses in perceivers. Over centuries, aesthetic devices have been developed that induce the aesthetic state by manipulating such psychological mechanisms as attention, appraisal, and empathy. I propose explanations for how several important devices operate, and why they are particularly effective in individuals high in the personality trait of Openness to Experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand human learning and progress, it is crucial to understand curiosity. But how consistent is curiosity's conception and assessment across scientific research disciplines? We present the results of a large collaborative project assessing the correspondence between curiosity measures in personality psychology and cognitive science. A total of 820 participants completed 15 personality trait measures and 9 cognitive tasks that tested multiple aspects of information demand. We show that shared variance across the cognitive tasks was captured by a dimension reflecting directed (uncertainty-driven) versus random (stochasticity-driven) exploration and individual differences along this axis were significantly and consistently predicted by personality traits. However, the personality metrics that best predicted information demand were not the central curiosity traits of openness to experience, deprivation sensitivity, and joyous exploration, but instead included more peripheral curiosity traits (need for cognition, thrill seeking, and stress tolerance) and measures not traditionally associated with curiosity (extraversion and behavioral inhibition). The results suggest that the umbrella term "curiosity" reflects a constellation of cognitive and emotional processes, only some of which are shared between personality measures and cognitive tasks. The results reflect the distinct methods that are used in these fields, indicating a need for caution in comparing results across fields and for future interdisciplinary collaborations to strengthen our emerging understanding of curiosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress is a known contributor to psychosocial pathological conditions and reduction of well‐being. The literature has highlighted the role of emotional schemas and psychological flexibility as psychological processes underlying this relationship in the short term. This two‐wave longitudinal study analyses the mediating role of psychological flexibility and emotional schemas in the relationship between stress responses to COVID‐19‐related events and mental health 6 months later. Two hundred and seventy‐six individuals were included in this study, completing measures of stress responses, emotional schemas, psychological flexibility and positive and negative mental health. Negative evaluation of emotions was a significant mediator in the longitudinal relationship between stress responses and negative mental health. Valued action and openness to experience mediate the longitudinal relationship between stress responses and positive mental health. This study underscores the importance of the different dimensions of psychological processes, suggesting that over time, more maladaptive psychological processes play a significant role in elucidating the relationship between stress responses and negative mental health. Similarly, it suggests that more adaptive processes may help explain the relationship between stress responses and positive mental health. This contributes to a better understanding of the stability of these processes, which is important for determining which intervention targets should be prioritised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of the current study is to broaden the knowledge on the association between personality, subjective well-being (SWB) and technostress in an academic context. This research specifically examines the prevalence of technostress in a European university sample. It also explores the relationship between technostress and its dimensions with the Big Five model of personality and with SWB and its affective and cognitive components. Finally, the combined predictive validity of the Big Five and SWB on technostress is tested. The sample was composed of 346 undergraduate students. Correlational and multiple regression analyses were carried out. Results show that fatigue and anxiety are the most frequently experienced dimensions of technostress. Emotional stability, openness to experience, and SWB are negatively and significantly correlated to technostress. Multiple regression analyses show that the Big Five factors and SWB account for technostress variance, the main predictor being the affective component of SWB. These results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of technostress and suggest that personality traits and SWB are important factors in its prediction. The theoretical and practical implications will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how and whether the constructs of openness to experience in the work placement learning setting (openness to learning in a new environment, openness to supervisor feedback, and openness to diversity) might influence students' readiness for school-to-work transition. Also, it builds upon the assumptions of the social cognitive career theory – model of self-career management to examine the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the proposed relationships. Analysis of 543 responses from undergraduate students undertaking work placement learning in 221 Nigerian firms using the structural equation modelling revealed positive effects of the constructs of openness to experience on students' readiness for school-to-work transition. Also, self-efficacy was a significant mediator in the positive relationships. Our findings make important theoretical and practical contributions by offering highlights into the crucial role of openness to experience in enhancing students' readiness for school-to-work transition via self-efficacy in the work placement learning setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between personality traits on Individual Waste Sorting Behaviour (IWSB) is a research topic that particularly interests psychology, sociology and public administration. The research on this topic is limited, and most research has focused on discussing the correlation between prosocial behaviour and personality traits. As a component of prosocial behaviour, the IWSB plays a significant role in promoting the sustainable development of society. Thus, this paper focuses on investigating and differentiating the quantitative relationship between personality traits and IWSB in China, filling the research gap in the relevant field. Assisted by convenience sampling, the author distributed Chinese residents of community J/K in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, to test their performance of IWSB and personality traits with two types of questionnaires created by the Nanjing Municipal Government (called Classification of Domestic Waste in Nanjing which measures the performance of IWSB), and Ashton and Lee (called HEXACO-60 which measures personality traits). With the help of regression analysis, two conclusions could be made accordingly. Firstly, Honesty-Humility/Agreeableness/Consciousness has a positive association with the IWSB significantly, whilst Emotionality/eXtraversion/Openness to experience has a negative association with the IWSB robustly. Secondly, age, education level, annual salary, Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Consciousness, and Openness to experience could provide a 17.70% explanation for the variance of the IWSB. Based on the results, three recommendations could be given to promote waste sorting behaviour or improve sustainable waste management practices. At first, people with prominent Emotionality/eXtraversion/Openness to experience performed poorly in IWSB. Therefore, in promoting waste classification, they should be the focus of attention. Afterwards, strengthening the cultivation of Honesty-Humility/Agreeableness/Consciousness in individual personality is conducive to better promoting the popularization of the IWSB. Finally, personality traits can be used to predict a person's performance on the IWSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facilitating inspirational experiences for customers is an emerging topic in the field of tourism and hospitality. Based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response paradigm, we proposed novel effects that substantive servicescape has a positive effect on inspiration, which has a positive downstream effect on satisfaction. The present research, including a field survey with customers from 10 three- to four-star hotels (N 1 = 644) and three experimental studies (N 2 = 133, N 3 = 115, N 4 = 227), examined the effects of substantive and communicative servicescape on inspiration, the downstream effect of inspiration on satisfaction, and the moderating roles of openness to experience and prior experience. The results supported our proposed effects. Furthermore, openness to experience and prior experience moderated the effects of substantive servicescape on inspiration and inspiration on satisfaction, respectively. This research contributes to the extant literature by offering a more nuanced understanding of the drivers of customer inspiration and the boundary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigates the relationship between MB-COMT DNA methylation (DNAm) and the personality traits outlined in the NEO-PI-Rmodel through an epigenetic study of monozygotic twins. DNAm, a critical epigenetic mechanism, regulates gene expression and has been linked to various biological processes and disorders. By leveraging the genetic similarities of monozygotic twins, this research explores how epigenetic variations influenced by environmental factors correlate with personality differences. Methods: The study utilized the Five-Factor Model (FFM) to categorize personality traits into five domains: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness to Experience. Each domain comprises six facets, providing a granular view of personality. The research centered on the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, focusing on its role in dopamine metabolism, which is hypothesized to influence personality traits through the dopaminergic system. DNAm status in the MBCOMT promoter region was examined to determine its association with personality facets. Results: Preliminary findings suggest a complex interaction between MBCOMT DNAm patterns and personality traits. Specific methylation patterns at different CpG sites were linked to varying expressions of traits such as impulsivity and aggression, highlighting the nuanced impact of epigenetics on personality. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of integrating genetic, epigenetic, and environmental data to enhance our understanding of personality formation. The results contribute to a broader understanding of how genetic predispositions shaped by environmental factors manifest in complex trait differences, paving the way for future research in genetic psychiatry and personalized medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to unveil the role of openness in fostering enterprises to achieve technological progress. By conducting a comparative analysis of Chinese and Western companies' supply chain strategies in the internet and new energy industries, the article finds that American enterprises have a higher level of supply chain openness than Chinese enterprises in both two industries. Based on the case analysis, that paper argues that openness plays a vital role in promoting technological innovation in enterprises. The profound influence of openness in promoting technological advancement may be observed through three aspects: openness at the technical level, openness in attracting talent, and openness in facilitating the development of rules and regulations. Accordingly, suggestions are proposed to assist Chinese enterprises in avoiding the "Middle-Technology Trap" through openness on the basis of legislation and public policy intervention. Meanwhile, the Chinese government is suggested to promote national coordination to establish a national unified market to realize the three levels of openness of the supply chain and industrial chain strategies: enterprise-level, domestic regional level, and international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Infections with Fasciola hepatica and Ostertagia ostertagi impinge upon dairy cow health and welfare and represent a major economic factor in livestock industry. Control measures largely rely on the use of anthelminthic drugs. However, reports of anthelmintic resistance necessitate sustainable approaches. Farmer characteristics such as attitude and personality are crucial for the implementation of control strategies and on-farm practices. Methods: In the present study, the HEXACO (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, eXtraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to experience) model of personality structure, which conceptualizes human personality, was used to evaluate the relationship of farmer aspects with on-farm bulk tank milk seropositivity for F. hepatica and O. ostertagi. Moreover, information on farm structure, housing, management, and farmers' attitude was collected in a face-to-face interview. Farm-level seropositivity for F. hepatica and O. ostertagi was predicted via elastic net regression. Results: Out of 193 farms housing 8,774 cows in the German Federal State of Bavaria, 47 farms (24.4%) were seropositive for F. hepatica, 77 farms (39.9%) for O. ostertagi, and 42 farms (21.8%) for both endoparasites. The model for F. hepatica seropositivity selected the covariates pasture access, O. ostertagi seropositivity, higher farmer conscientiousness, and organic farming as relevant predictors. Seropositivity for O. ostertagi was predicted by F. hepatica seropositivity, pasture access, organic farming, and farmers being neutral regarding their satisfaction with animal health on their farm. Higher values for the HEXACO factors extraversion and emotionality were inversely associated with O. ostertagi seropositivity. Discussion: The present work emphasizes the importance of farmer traits in regard to animal health and parasite occurrence. For the effective acceptance and implementation of sustainable control strategies for livestock helminth infections, it is crucial to consider these aspects to holistically address the challenges of managing parasitic diseases. Moreover, tailored communication strategies can be developed incorporating the understanding of individual stockman characteristics and subsequently ensuring encouragement of stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractVirtual art galleries represent a rapidly growing and potentially unique context for art engagement, but little is known about the psychological nature of these experiences. To better characterize virtual art gallery visits, we quantified a set of in-depth behaviors related to art viewing, navigation, and intensive art engagement in a virtual gallery. Data included coordinate position and gaze proxy data, recorded from 264 unconstrained participant visits to a virtual gallery that contained 24 diverse artworks curated throughout 3 rooms. Nine classified visit behaviors—related to the overall visit, navigation, art viewing, and deep engagement—were used in a latent class analysis as indicators for estimating possible visitor engagement classes. The analysis resulted in a 4-class model which classified visitors as disengaged, typical, engaged, and revisitors. Finally, we examined how each class differed in terms of their art knowledge, personality, and other individual differences. Significant differences were found for several variables, including aesthetic fluency, openness to experience, extraversion, age, and nausea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Recent research suggests that personality traits can be changed by psychological interventions. However, it is unclear whether these intended personality changes can be maintained or merely reflect ephemeral shifts. Method: The present study reports 1‐year follow‐up effects of a 3‐month digital intervention for personality trait change. Personality traits were measured before the intervention (pretest: N = 1523), directly after the intervention (posttest: n = 554), and 3 months (follow‐up 1: n = 437) and 1 year (follow‐up 2: n = 157) after the end of the intervention. Results: Attrition analyses suggest that participants who completed the 1‐year follow‐up were significantly more open to experience (d = 0.19), less neurotic (d = 0.20), more agreeable (d = 0.35) and more conscientious (d = 0.27) than participants who did not complete the 1‐year follow‐up. Also, until the 1‐year follow‐up, personality trait changes achieved remained stable (for those who wanted to increase in extraversion and conscientiousness) or even changed further in the desired direction (for those who wanted to decrease in neuroticism). Conclusion: These results suggest that changes in personality traits due to a targeted intervention are not just ephemeral shifts and can even continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do some people find allure in artworks that focus on elements of repulsion, horror, and the bizarre? Across two studies, we examined how openness to experience, sensation seeking, need for affect, emotionality, disgust sensitivity, political orientation, art knowledge, and participant gender relate to the liking of grotesque art. In Study 1, participants (N = 203) rated their liking and interest in 40 works of grotesque art. As ratings of liking and interest were highly correlated (r =.88), we averaged them into one variable indicating liking. In Study 2, participants (N = 396) rated their liking of 20 works of grotesque art and 20 works of non-grotesque art (chosen based on a pilot study, N = 201). Results revealed that openness to experience, sensation seeking, art knowledge, left-leaning political orientation, and male gender were positively associated with the liking of grotesque art, whereas emotionality and disgust sensitivity were negatively associated with the liking of grotesque art. Of these variables, only openness to experience (positively) related to the liking of non-grotesque art. These results give insight into the personality characteristics that might underlie people's motivation to embrace or reject grotesque art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalization of different aspects of architectural designs is one of the most novel issues in the modern world. The present study aimed to predict the association between personality traits and architectural preferences. A total of 352 participants with architectural (experts) and nonarchitectural (nonexperts) education were asked to complete a demographic profile and the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory. They were then asked to choose their preferred images, which were previously rated based on three aesthetic variables, that is, color-contrast, abstractness-concreteness, and spatial openness, in a series of two-alternative forced-choice questions. By using a random forest classifier, an accuracy of 73 to 84% was achieved for the variables. Due to the complexity of rules in the random forest model, data were explored for more interpretable rules, and a rule-based classifier (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis software) was used. Based on the findings, introverts had the opposite behavior compared to the general population; they preferred images of enclosed spaces and with high color contrast. They also preferred popular architectural styles to high-style designs. Otherwise, the preference for greater spatial openness was common in both expert and nonexpert groups, although it was more noticeable in female extroverts. Nonexperts with high levels of openness to experience were mostly attracted to abstract images. Experts and nonexperts showed similar preferences in terms of color contrast and spatial openness, while there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding their preferred abstract and concrete concepts. In conclusion, educational background and personality traits could influence aesthetic preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, psychologists have explored dynamics within the realm of human‐animal interaction. Organizational psychologists are no different; research has found that exchanges with pets and other animals have the potential to influence important work outcomes, such as performance, well‐being, and satisfaction. Relatively little is understood, however, regarding the potential spillover effects of human‐animal interaction from the non‐work to work context. To address this gap in the literature, the present research—synthesising Broaden and Build Theory and Conservation of Resources Theory—explores the daily spillover effects of morning quality time with pets on affective, behavioural, and cognitive outcomes for employees, both during and after the workday. It is also suggested that openness to experience may act as a cross‐level moderator for these daily relationships. An occupationally heterogenous daily diary sample of employed pet owners from the United Kingdom (NLevel 1 = 405, NLevel 2 = 81) was used to test these relationships. Using a mixed effects modelling approach, it was revealed that morning quality time with pets was associated with reduced Negative Affect (NA) during the workday, and reduced incivility and withdrawal upon returning home from work. Moreover, higher levels of trait openness to experience strengthened the negative relationships between daily morning quality time with pets and daily workday NA and afterwork incivility. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US Supreme Court recently debated and upheld a significant piece of farmed animal welfare legislation, Proposition 12, which was broadly supported by Californian voters. The goal of this study was to determine how individual differences in personality are related to attitudes about this legislation. We examined how ten lower-order aspects of the Big Five personality traits were related to Proposition 12 in an American sample (n = 802). The Openness aspect of Openness to Experience, the Withdrawal aspect of Neuroticism, and trait domain Agreeableness were consistently related to support for Proposition 12. Effects were not moderated by political orientation, region, gender, or age. Our results show that personality traits are not only an important factor in general political attitudes about animal welfare, but that they can predict people's attitudes about particular pieces of animal welfare legislation. Results also highlight the importance of considering lower-order aspects for predicting animal welfare attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has shown that curiosity plays a crucial role in human performance and well-being. Based on multi-dimensional models of curiosity, we examined potential underlying mechanisms for this relationship. Extending prior research, we expected state and trait variants of curiosity to predict more challenge and less threat appraisals for novel tasks (i.e., joyous exploration dimension), stronger dissatisfaction when denied opportunities to do something interesting (i.e., deprivation sensitivity dimension), and persist longer under stress states (i.e., stress tolerance). We asked 123 participants to prepare and deliver a speech titled "Why are you a good friend?" After preparation, participants were informed that they were randomly selected not to perform the task. Throughout the experiment, we recorded heart rate reactivity as a physiological indicator of task engagement. We found that individuals curious about the upcoming task felt more challenged, less threatened, and presented longer physiological engagement than less curious individuals. Curious individuals expressed more disappointment about the missed opportunity to deliver the speech. In summary, this study revealed theoretically derived mechanisms that partially account for associations between curiosity and positive life outcomes while also indicating adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promotions are central to individual career success. For organisations, it is crucial to identify and develop employees capable of higher-level responsibility. Previous research has shown that personality traits as inter-individual differences predict promotions. However, effects have mostly been examined on a broad factor level. This study investigated longitudinal effects of Big Five personality traits on both factor (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and more detailed facet levels on promotions in employees of a multinational wholesale company (N = 1774, n = 343 promoted). We also explored how personality differentially impacts promotional likelihood as a matter of target job level (individual contributor vs. first- or senior-level manager roles). Overall, associations with promotions were detected for neuroticism (negative) and conscientiousness (positive). At the more nuanced facet level, all Big Five factors had at least one personality facet that was significantly related to promotions. Additionally, personality-promotion relationships were generally stronger for lower- rather than higher-level promotions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that employee personality traits have a meaningful impact on who will be promoted and should hence be considered in organisational personnel selection, personnel development, and performance management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing memorable experiences is considered very effective strategy for gaining a sustainable competitive advantage. Memorable tourism experience (MTE) is still a relatively novel concept, hence its antecedents and outcomes are not completely identified. The primary goal of this research was to explore tourist personality and travel motivation as antecedents and the perceived destination personality, satisfaction, and revisit intention as outcomes of an MTE. The study was conducted on a sample of 614 foreign visitors to three biggest urban destinations in Serbia (Belgrade, Novi Sad, and Nis). For testing hypothesis, SEM (structural equation modelling) was applied. The results show that personality trait openness to experience and motivational factor knowledge and experience showed the strongest influence on MTEs. Also, all seven dimensions of memorable experience affected perceived destination personality. Practical implications and potential future research approaches are also highlighted in the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the extent to which personality and cognitive factors contribute to the identification of shared associations between the DSM-5’s OCD and Related Disorders (OCRDs). Participants (n = 239) were treatment-seeking outpatients with a principal diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder (HD), trichotillomania (TTM), or excoriation disorder (EXC), as compared to healthy community controls (n = 100). Analyses examined the relationships between diagnostic group, personality dimensions, and obsessive beliefs. Results demonstrated that compared to non-clinical controls, all diagnostic groups scored significantly higher on neuroticism and lower on extraversion and conscientiousness. Few significant differences were found across diagnostic groups: extraversion was higher in the TTM group (vs. all OCRDs), conscientiousness was lower in the HD group (vs. OCD, TTM, EXC), and openness to experience was higher in the TTM and EXC groups (vs. OCD, HD). Obsessional beliefs were significantly elevated in all clinical conditions (vs. controls) except for beliefs surrounding responsibility and threat estimation, which were only significantly higher in OCD and BDD groups. These results highlight shared personality and cognitive vulnerability in the OCRDs as well as unique disorder-specific vulnerabilities related to OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine how individual openness to experience influences humor production and to explore the underlying psychological mechanisms of this relationship, specifically focusing on cognitive flexibility (the cognitive path) and ambiguity tolerance (the motivational path). To comprehensively evaluate individuals' humor production ability, Study 1 employed a subjective self‐report questionnaire on sense of humor, while Study 2 used an objective humor dialogue generation task. The results of Study 1 indicated that openness to experience did not directly impact sense of humor; instead, the relationship between openness to experience and sense of humor was fully mediated by cognitive flexibility. In Study 2, findings showed that openness to experience positively predicted humor production ability, with ambiguity tolerance partially mediating this effect. These results suggest that individuals with higher levels of openness to experience have a greater capacity for generating humorous perspectives. Moreover, the study identified two psychological pathways—cognition and motivation—in the process of generating funny ideas. The specific pathway influenced by the measurement method used for humor production further highlights the importance of both cognitive flexibility and ambiguity tolerance in understanding how openness to experience contributes to humor production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to explain the differences in personality traits between coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and healthy individuals, predict sleep disorders in CAD patients based on their personality traits, and understand the relationship between personality traits and sleep disorders in CAD patients. Additionally, the study sought to explain the differences in the severity of sleep disorders between CAD patients and healthy individuals. The study was conducted on a sample of 48 CAD patients who attended the cardiology clinic at Kafr El-Sheikh University Hospital. The sample was distributed according to gender (25 males and 23 females), with ages ranging from 26 to 84 years, an average age of 48.73 years, and a standard deviation of 12.12 years. The researcher used the Six Factor Personality Inventory by Ashton and Lee, translated by Abdel-Motleb and Mimi Ahmed, and the Sleep Disorders Scale by Bushra Ismail. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between CAD patients and healthy individuals in personality traits, except for the trait of openness to experience, where the healthy individuals scored higher. The results also showed no significant differences in sleep disorders between CAD patients and healthy individuals, except for night terrors and sleepwalking. Additionally, the study found a correlational relationship between some personality traits and certain sleep disorders in CAD patients. It was also indicated that some sleep disorders in CAD patients could be predicted based on their personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) on knowledge acquisition and application by Pakistani university librarians. To increase their impact in academic institutions, it is imperative to examine how people acquire and apply knowledge within the field of librarianship. This study employed a quantitative research approach based on the survey research method. The Big Five personality inventory designed by John and Srivastava was adopted, however, measurement items related to knowledge acquisition and application behavior were developed with the help of the existing literature. The study population comprised academic librarians working in the university libraries of Pakistan, with a census sampling method used to collect data and 357 completed questionnaires received. The results indicated that extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience positively affect the university librarian's knowledge acquisition, while neuroticism has a negative effect. The findings also revealed that extraversion and openness to experience positively affects academic librarians' knowledge application behavior while neuroticism has a negative effective, however, conscientiousness and agreeableness personality traits were found to be insignificant predictors of the same. This study highlights the significant personality features contributing to knowledge acquisition and application behavior in academic libraries from a developing country's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article empirically investigates the impact of globalization on voting behavior. Specifically, combining individual-level data from the first nine waves of the European Social Survey, party-level information from the Comparative Manifesto Project, and country-level data from Eurostat, we study the individual determinants of the vote for trade protectionist parties. Our findings show, firstly, that protectionist parties mainly receive electoral support from less-educated voters, unemployed individuals, and members of labor unions. Secondly, we test the compensation principle using a macro measure of a country's compensation potential and find, contrary to expectations, no significant evidence that a greater potential to mitigate the labor market adjustment costs resulting from economic openness deters the propensity to vote for protectionist parties in national elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creativity has long been consistently assessed as a fundamental aspect of educational psychology and has been treated with much devotion by scholars. In this study, intricate relationship patterns between creativity, emotional intelligence, and personality traits were examined. The Marmara Creative Thinking Dispositions Scale, Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire‐Short Form (TEIQue‐SF), and The Ten‐Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) were administered to a cohort of 297 university students attending a university in İstanbul. The findings unveiled important insights into how these components interact. Employing correlational analysis to examine the relationships among the variables, it was found that while agreeableness did not exhibit a significant correlation with creativity, the remaining traits within the Big Five personality dimensions—openness to experience (r =.63), emotional stability (r =.29), conscientiousness (r =.38), and extraversion (r =.49)—displayed positively significant associations with creativity (p <.01), suggesting that individuals characterized by greater openness to experience, emotional stability, conscientiousness, and extraversion tend to exhibit higher levels of creativity in academic settings. That the link between emotional intelligence and creativity highlights a noteworthy association implies that individuals possessing higher levels of emotional intelligence are more likely to excel in creative endeavors. Regression analysis was employed to determine the specific contributions of each personality characteristic to creativity. Interestingly, when examining the predictive value of these factors, conscientiousness did not emerge as a statistically significant predictor of creativity. In contrast, both openness to experiences and extraversion exhibited strong predictive power, significantly influencing creativity. Similarly, emotional intelligence continued to be a significant predictor of creativity, reinforcing its role as a catalyst for innovative thinking. The results imply that individuals with higher levels of openness to experience, emotional stability, conscientiousness, and extraversion tend to be more creative in academic settings, highlighting the significance of emotional intelligence in promoting creative thinking and points out its potential to support creative endeavors. Practitioner points: It is highlighted that higher scores on extraversion, emotional stability, conscientiousness, and openness to experience are connected to increased creativity.Noticeably, conscientiousness in the Big Five personality traits has not been found statistically insignificant predictor of creativity.The findings highlight the prominence of emotional intelligence as a significant predictor of creativity, providing potential opportunities for practitioners to customize approaches and develop suitable educational settings for learners to promote creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much research has discussed the "police personality." Yet, it is still unclear what particular traits make up the police personality—or whether it exists at all. This can be partially attributed to the limited availability of data collected within individual police departments. Using a nationally representative sample of adults (Add Health), the current study examines whether the Big Five personality traits, temperamental characteristics, and empirically informed covariates are related to being a police officer. Results indicate that, compared to the general population, individuals in law enforcement score significantly lower on openness to experience. Police officers are also more likely than non-officers to have experienced divorce, served in the military, lean politically conservative, and be male. These findings provide partial support for the notion that there are distinct factors that define the police personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) are at an increased risk for impaired everyday functioning and they may also experience poor awareness of their functional status. This study identified factors associated with (1) subjective and objective instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and (2) awareness of functional capacity in PWH. In this cross-sectional study, 236 PWH completed a neurobehavioral assessment, including self-report and performance-based measures of IADLs. Multiple regressions were performed to identify demographic, personality, and cognitive factors contributing to subjective and objective evaluation of everyday functioning, as well as discrepancy between self-report and performance-based measures of IADLs. Results indicated that increased depression was associated with worsened self-report of everyday functioning but not performance of IADLs. Cognitive function and age were associated with IADL performance. Most participants (58.1%) demonstrated a discrepancy between self-report and actual performance of IADLs. Worse processing speed was correlated with greater discrepancy. Inaccurate self-reporters had worse overall cognitive functioning and lower levels of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. In conclusion, self-report and actual performance of IADLs in PWH is influenced by different factors. Self-report may be more affected by psychological variables, such as mood and personality, while actual performance is more sensitive to age and cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive literature has shown that women's employment contributes to increasing rates of household savings and economic growth. Likewise, evidence has been reported that in an economic integration scheme, such as that of Central America, the strong economic interdependence existing between countries, because of their relatively high trade flows of imports and exports, gives rise to the spread of economic developments occurring in a country. This paper investigates the extent to which the increase in female employment in the countries of the Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras) leads to the increase in growth rates in the other countries (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama). For this purpose, principal components, which is a data compression methodology, is used. The variables that are included in the vector of principal components are the female-to-male employment ratios in the industrial sectors of the Northern Triangle countries. All data used in the analyses were taken from the World Bank's World Development Indicators. The first principal component of these variables explains 77 percent of the variance, and its decrease represents the deindustrialization of the respective countries. The second principal component accounts for 17 percent of the variance, and its increase represents the expansion of the service sector in the countries. The estimation of error correction equations showed that the first principal component of the female-to-male employment ratios of the industrial sector in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Costa Rica, exerted positive impacts on the economic growth rates of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, while the second principal component exerted negative impacts. The results also showed that the ratios of female to male industrial employment, as well as the first principal component, fell as tariffs on imports were reduced, reflecting a process of deindustrialization which has led to losses in economic growth, and a decrease in trade flows, and rising youth unemployment and increases of the underground economy with adverse impacts on productivity. Likewise, trends towards economic stagnation and rising unemployment have led to increases in irregular emigration and remittances. Another important result is that the process of deindustrialization, fueled by the extreme openness of economies, has generated a substantial increase in the homicide rate. In summary, the results show that female employment generates increases in the economic growth rate of the respective country and in the other member countries. However, this process of regional employment induction is undermined by the extreme openness of economies, which means that the main beneficiaries of the economic dynamism imparted by the increase in female employment may be the countries from which it is imported. In other words, "globalization" or "openness" frustrates national efforts at economic and social development. It should be noted that in the 1960s and 1970s, when the model of import substitution prevailed, the Central American economies grew at rates twice as high as those prevailing after the "reforms." The economic policy recommendations are based on the promotion of women's employment by increasing the levels of female schooling, the establishment of national networks of childcare centers, combating discrimination against women in the workplace, etc. Efforts to increase women's employment will be better developed if they are structured within the framework of a national/regional employment strategy, in which objectives and targets would be established for each country, and the actions to be carried out in the areas of obtaining resources, identifying, approving and supervising projects would be outlined, and the results goals would be established with the respective indicators to be achieved in the medium and long term. But it should be pointed out that these actions cannot yield the results sought in the current structure of extreme openness of economies, which makes it necessary to design and implement policies to achieve the reindustrialization and re-agriculturalization of the economies, seeking, in addition to increasing economic dynamism, the increase of quality employment, and the reduction of violence and irregular emigration, the achievement of self-sufficiency and sustained increases in the production of goods of special importance. The results of this work have shown that in efforts to reignite economic growth, women's employment and Central American economic integration can play important roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Online open innovation platforms provide opportunities for product users to participate in the innovation process and contribute their ideas to the platform. Nonetheless, they also present a significant challenge for platform managers, who select high-quality innovations from a massive collection of information with diverse quality. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the authors employed a machine learning method to automatically collect a real dataset of 2,276 innovations and 30,004 detailed comments from the online platform of IdeaExchange and then conducted empirical experiments to verify the study hypothesis. Findings: Results show that extraversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience positively and directly influenced the quality of their innovation. Furthermore, an individual's social network position mediated among extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness and openness to experience and the quality of an innovation. Research limitations/implications: Results showed that extraversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience positively and directly influenced the quality of their innovation. Furthermore, an individual's social network position mediated among extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness to experience and the quality of innovations. Originality/value: This study combined the Big Five personality traits theory and social network theory to examine the association between user intrinsic personality traits, social network position and the quality of their innovative ideas in the context of online innovation platforms. Additionally, the findings provide new insights for platform managers on how to select high-quality innovation information by considering user personality traits and their social network position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The primary objective of this research is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the success of startups, with a specific focus on the distinct personality traits of investors and their impact on investment decisions in initial coin offering. This study aims to investigate how the personality traits of neuroticism and openness to experience influence investment decisions and to explore the role of cognitive legitimacy in moderating these relationships. By integrating theories of personality and legitimacy, this research seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the psychological factors that drive investment behaviors in the context of initial coin offerings (ICOs). Method: This study employs a phenomenological research design, leveraging qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the subjective experiences of investors in initial coin offering. The research follows a structured approach encompassing the following steps: A two-stage sampling process was adopted. In the first stage, tokens from ICOs conducted between 2020 and 2022 were selected using simple random sampling. Reliable sources such as Coinmarketcap.com, Crunchbase.com, and ICOcrunch.com provided the list of tokens. A random selection program written in Python was utilized to choose 40 sample tokens from this list, ensuring an unbiased representation. Data on investment decisions were collected through a standard questionnaire distributed to a large and diverse sample of investors. The questionnaire was shared via prominent Telegram channels which collectively cover a broad international investor base. Neuroticism and Openness to Experience traits were measured using a standardized Big Five personality factors questionnaire. Cognitive Legitimacy was assessed through the analysis of social media interactions, particularly on Twitter (X). A developer-created account was used to gather data on tweets containing specific keywords related to the ICOs. The data included tweet content, likes, retweets, user IDs, follower counts, and weet sentiments categorized as positive, neutral, or negative. Sentiment analysis was performed using the RoBERTa pre-trained language model, known for its high accuracy in text classification tasks. WarpPLS software was employed to conduct structural equation modeling (SEM), allowing for the examination of complex relationships between variables. The analysis focused on the direct effects of neuroticism and openness to experience on investment decisions, and the moderating effect of cognitive legitimacy. Reliability was tested using Average Variance Extracted (AVE), with thresholds set to ensure convergent validity. Results: The study yielded several key findings that highlight the interplay between personality traits, cognitive legitimacy, and investment decisions: 1. Impact of Neuroticism: - High levels of neuroticism were found to have a significant negative impact on investment decisions in successful ICOs. Investors characterized by high neuroticism exhibited tendencies towards risk aversion, pessimism, and lower trust in new ventures, making them less likely to participate in these offerings. 2. Impact of Openness to Experience: - Conversely, investors with high openness to experience were more inclined to invest in innovative and novel projects. This personality trait positively correlated with investment decisions, as these individuals are typically more open to risk-taking and exploring new opportunities. 3. Role of Cognitive Legitimacy: - Cognitive legitimacy significantly enhanced investment decisions. Startups that demonstrated high cognitive legitimacy through transparent and credible actions on social media were more successful in attracting investors. However, cognitive legitimacy did not act as a moderating variable between personality traits and investment decisions but had a strong direct effect on increasing investment decisions. Hypotheses Testing: -H1: High neuroticism leads to a decrease in investment in successful initial offerings. (Confirmed) -H2: Higher cognitive legitimacy of a business leads to more investment in successful products. (Confirmed) -H3: Cognitive legitimacy moderates the relationship between neuroticism and investment in successful products. (Rejected) -H4: Openness to experience leads to increased investment in successful initial offerings. (Confirmed) -H5: Cognitive legitimacy moderates the relationship between openness to experience and investment in successful ventures. (Rejected) Conclusion: The research concludes that personality traits, particularly neuroticism and openness to experience, play a crucial role in shaping investment decisions in the context of crowdfunding. Neuroticism negatively influences investment decisions, making individuals with this trait less likely to invest in new ventures. In contrast, openness to experience has a positive impact, with such individuals being more inclined towards innovative investments. Cognitive legitimacy emerged as a vital factor for attracting investments. Startups that can build strong cognitive legitimacy by maintaining transparency and credibility on social media are more likely to succeed in their fundraising efforts. Although cognitive legitimacy does not moderate the relationship between personality traits and investment decisions, its direct positive impact on investment decisions underscores its importance. Implications for Practice: -For Startups: Developing and maintaining cognitive legitimacy through transparent and credible communication on social media is essential for attracting a diverse investor base. Understanding the personality traits of potential investors can help tailor communication strategies to better engage with them. -For Researchers: The study opens new avenues for exploring the impact of other personality traits and forms of legitimacy on investment decisions. Future research could expand the scope to include traits such as extraversion and conscientiousness, and investigate the effects of moral and pragmatic legitimacy. The study focuses on two specific personality traits, suggesting a need for future research to consider a broader range of traits. Additionally, exploring other forms of legitimacy, such as moral or pragmatic legitimacy, could provide a more comprehensive understanding of their impact on investment decisions. Longitudinal studies are recommended to examine how these relationships evolve over time, especially in the dynamic and rapidly changing ICO market. In summary, this research highlights the significant role of personality traits and cognitive legitimacy in influencing investment decisions in the context of crowdfunding. The findings provide valuable insights for startups and campaign developers seeking to enhance their legitimacy and attract diverse investor profiles. The study contributes to the growing field of financial psychology and offers practical recommendations for improving fundraising strategies in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical and contemporary accounts suggest that natural elements can facilitate creativity in one's work. Despite this potential connection, researchers have largely overlooked how nature may enhance employees' creativity, an oversight that takes on additional meaningfulness in light of increasing investments by organizations in work designs that bring employees in contact with nature. In this paper, we draw from attention restoration theory (ART) to develop a model explaining how contact with nature at work may affect employee creativity—via broader cognitive processing. In addition, we follow the guidance of ART to deepen our understanding of for whom the creativity-generating effects of nature will be most impactful. Specifically, we describe how employees with high levels of openness to experience are particularly primed to experience expanded cognitive processing due to contact with nature at work. We test this model using a mixed-method research approach: two online experiments in the United States (Studies 1 and 2); two multiwave, multisource field studies in Taiwan and Indonesia (Studies 3 and 4), and an experience-sampling field study in Canada (Study 5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the personality characteristics exhibited by parents of stuttering and nonstuttering children, utilizing the five major personality dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness). Methods: This investigation was executed through a descriptive causal-comparative method. A total of 54 participants were selected as the sample, comprising 27 individuals from the cohort of parents with children who stutter and 27 individuals from the cohort of parents with children who do not stutter. The requisite data were gathered employing the NEO Five-Factor Inventory questionnaire. The hypotheses posited in this investigation were evaluated utilizing multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the SPSS26 statistical software package. Results: The results indicated a statistically significant disparity between parents of stuttering and nonstuttering children across the five major NEO personality factors (p<0.01). Based on the mean differences observed between the two groups, it can be asserted that the personality traits of neuroticism and openness to experience were more pronounced among parents of stuttering children. Conversely, the scores of extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were found to be higher in parents of nonstuttering children (p<0.01). Conclusions: The implications of these findings may prove beneficial in providing guidance to parents of children who stutter and in the formulation of effective interventions aimed at enhancing their mental well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Openness to experience is one of the least studied traits in relation to subjective well-being, despite its potential as a resource that enables flourishing. In this study, we therefore focused on this particular trait and examined whether its relation to subjective well-being is explained by receptive (Studies 1 and 2) and participatory arts engagement (Study 2) using data from the GESIS Panel (N = 874) and the Swiss Household Panel (N = 6336). In both studies, results indicated that the link between openness to experience and positive affect was explained in part by receptive arts engagement, whereas Study 2 showed that both receptive and participatory arts engagement served as partial mediators between openness to experience and life satisfaction. It follows, then, that the tendency to engage in the arts can lead to a happier life, which strengthens previous evidence for the potential of the arts as a means of flourishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the dawn of digital art, discourse regarding its potential persists. This research investigates how a virtual reality (VR) art gallery impacts positive and negative affect, examining the influences of aesthetic experiences and individual characteristics. It explores the connection between measures of aesthetic experiences (self-assessed, heart rate, and heart rate variability) and how gender influences this relationship. Digital art's beneficial effect is indicated by decreased negative affect after visiting the VR gallery, potentially influencing mental wellbeing. Individual characteristics influence this impact on affect after the VR experience, especially openness to experience and affect before the visit, mediated by aesthetic experience, and expertise mediated by heart rate. The findings highlight the potential impact of gender on subjective interpretations of physiological responses in the VR environment. Specifically, women tend to attribute heightened heart rate, a sign of arousal, while men associate increased heart rate variability, a sign of relaxation, to positive experiences in the VR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of new technologies provides consumers with additional shopping opportunities and allow them to test new products. The study was conducted to determine the effects of brand experience on customer inspiration and behavioral intention and to establish the mediating role of openness to experience. The theoretical framework of the study resides in the theory of marketing and cognitive appraisal theory. Convenience sampling method and structural equation modelling were used within the study. The population of the study consists of customers who order from the online takeaway portal yemeksepeti.com. The data were gathered using questionnaires collected online in June, 2023. A total of 416 valid responses were received. Smart PLS 4 statistical program was used to test the hypotheses. As a result of the tests, it was found that brand experience has a positive effect on customer inspiration and openness to experience. It was also determined that openness to experience has a positive effect on customer inspiration by partially mediating the positive effect between brand experience and inspiration. Furthermore, the hypothesis that customer inspiration positively affects behavioral intention was also confirmed. The research will contribute to expanding the literature on consumer inspiration and openness to experience. Among possible directions for further research is to test the proposed model in relating industries or using statistical data from other countries.

This study aimed to explore whether expressed emotion moderates Generation Z's openness to experience and help-seeking attitude toward telepsychology and the extent to which the expressed emotion modifies that relationship. A total of 395 people belonging to the said generation participated in an online survey accomplished through Google Forms. The study used a correlational research method that focused on moderation to examine the relationship between Generation Z's openness to experience and their attitude toward telepsychology. Hence, this study sought to increase Generation Z's knowledge of mental health, including Philippine mental health conditions, as they develop a sense of responsibility, reduce ambiguity through telepsychology platforms, and improve their communication skills, which are crucial for ideal emotional socialization. Results have shown that expressed emotion does not seem to have a noticeable effect on Generation Z's attitudes toward seeking help through telepsychology. Nevertheless, there was a favorable correlation between being open to new experiences and having a willingness to seek help through telepsychology. The study adds to the growing body of knowledge on the mental health dynamics of Filipino Generation Z, and it offers beneficial information for the generation, professionals in mental healthcare, educators, and policymakers looking for enhanced support systems and interventions that meet the specific psychological needs of Filipino Generation Zoomers. Keywords: expressed emotion; generation z; help-seeking attitude; openness to experience; telepsychology

Introduction: Speaking anxiety in educational settings is among the most prevalent and important social anxieties playing a critical role in the anxiety experienced by students. Objective: The current study aimed to test the structural relations model of personality traits with speaking anxiety among students. Method: The present research was descriptive-correlational of structural equations type. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students of psychology at Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, in the academic year 2021-2022, among them 136 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. McCrae and Costa’s Personality Traits Questionnaire (1985) and Bartholomay and Houlihan’s (2016) Public Speaking Anxiety Scale were used for data collection, and data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using SPSS software version 18 and Amos software. Results: According to the results, the personality traits of extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were significantly and negatively related to speaking anxiety (p

This research analyses the interplay between trade liberalisation, economic growth, and economic development in South Africa. The research focuses on two distinct periods, pre-BRICS (1991 to 2010) and post-BRICS (2011 to 2021) and aims to assess economic growth and development trajectories which are intertwined with liberalisation. A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is used to account for potential cointegration among the variables. The study reports a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The study finds that trade openness substantially influences GDP growth in the post-BRICS period and highlights a unidirectional causal relationship between trade liberalisation and economic growth. The research also reveals a positive association between trade openness and economic development, implying that openness fosters growth and facilitates broader development outcomes in South Africa. The research underscores the importance of trade openness as a driving force for economic growth and economic development in emerging economies like South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilient teams can efficiently resolve disruption and overcome adversity. Despite growing interest in building and maintaining resilient teams, our understanding of the factors that promote team resilience necessitates further theorizing and empirical testing. Based on conservation of resources and shared leadership theories, we propose that team member personality (i.e., mean openness to experience) serves as a resource that facilitates team resilience via shared leadership. Further, we argue that the strength of influence of shared leadership on team resilience is contingent on the variance of openness to experience scores among team members. We draw our conclusions from three studies (i.e., two recall experiments and a multi‐source field study) involving working professionals in virtual teams. Our findings shed light on the interactive role of team member personality in explaining team resilience, thereby extending our knowledge of the personality predictors of shared leadership and team resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-control is important for mental and physical health, and personality traits are vital antecedents for self-control. Previous studies suggest that conscientiousness and extraversion enhance self-control, whereas neuroticism hampers it. However, the link between personality and self-control has mostly been studied using a narrow conceptualization of self-control, as the ability to resist impulses, thus excluding initiatory self-control. Also, no studies have examined whether and how personality traits interact with one another to increase, or reduce, self-control. Data were collected on two occasions from 480 military cadets (31.04% female) to examine the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and self-control (general, inhibitory, and initiatory self-control). Furthermore, the study investigated the moderating role of neuroticism, as a trait and as individual facets, on the relationship between the other personality traits and self-control. Although neuroticism correlated negatively with all self-control dimensions, there were unique relations only with general and inhibitory self-control. Extraversion correlated positively with all self-control dimensions but was only uniquely related to initiatory self-control. Conscientiousness correlated positively with all self-control dimensions and this pattern persisted when we assessed the unique effects. Openness to experience and agreeableness correlated positively with general and inhibitory self-control but had no unique effects on any of the self-control dimensions. Neuroticism negatively moderated the relationship between extraversion and both general and inhibitory self-control, and the relationship between conscientiousness and both general and initiatory self-control. The facet-level analysis confirmed the general patterns and provided further detail on which facets of neuroticism were the most influential as moderators. In conclusion, the study highlights the critical role of different types of self-control, and that neuroticism plays a cardinal role for the effects of conscientiousness and extraversion on self-control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People differ in their responses to experiences with some showing a heightened Environmental Sensitivity (ES) for better and for worse. Highly sensitive people tend to get easily overwhelmed in adverse conditions but also to flourish in enriched environments. Yet, no studies have investigated whether people with a heightened ES may experience a positive outcome as well, in terms of Post-traumatic Growth (PTG), when a traumatic event occurs. This study provided a first empirical evidence regarding the relationship between ES and PTG on a general population of 2387 adults (age range: 18-88yy) surveyed online during the first Covid-19 lockdown. Correlations showed that ES was positively associated with PTG, though with a small effect size. Interaction effects from regression analyses provided evidence that the ES-PTG association was stronger when the individuals experienced anxiety to some extent, and not too much depression. To conclude, findings suggested highly sensitive people as not only more susceptible to adversities, but also more open to experience a growth when faced with challenging events. Identifying potential paths of growth in individuals who are more prone to negative feelings can have important implications for clinical practice as well as for theory by broadening our understanding of the concept of environmental sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly evolving business landscape, micro-entrepreneurs stand out as significant contributors to social innovation. However, the link between their personality traits and the social innovations they introduce needs to be studied more. This research, guided by the Big Five model and the Oslo Manual's innovation framework, aims to address this gap. The central question driving this study is whether the personality traits of micro-entrepreneurs, precisely openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, influence the social innovations they bring forth. Through a comprehensive exploration of literature and empirical analysis—quantitative research on a representative sample of 1848 Polish micro-entrepreneurs—this research examines the interconnectedness between personality characteristics and social innovation outcomes. The key findings suggest that three personality variables characterising micro-entrepreneurs–openness for experience, conscientiousness, and extroversion–emerge as shared, statistically significant factors. These variables positively impact all types of social innovations implemented by micro-entrepreneurs (product and process). In none of the analysed cases, agreeableness and neuroticism were statistically significant. Finally, it's worth emphasising that the chances of micro-entrepreneurs introducing social innovations increase more strongly with an increase in their openness to experience than in the case of extroversion and conscientiousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers, who play a crucial role in knowledge production, deal with various emotions in their challenging work environment. Their personality might affect how well they manage their emotions, but their moods could help counteract these effects. This study aims to investigate whether researchers' moods influence the connection between their personality and emotional intelligence. 7,463 Spanish researchers replied to an online survey. Responses analysed through partial least squares structural equation modelling show significant positive relationships between the big five personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability) and emotional intelligence. In addition, positive affect positively mediates the relationships between each of the personality traits and emotional intelligence, and negative affect mediates the same relationships but negatively. The importance of managing emotional states to regulate emotional experiences in the work of researchers is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes whether the personality traits of Members of Parliament (MPs) affect their attitudes toward the representation of gender equality issues. Based on the Big Five personality traits, we argue that Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness shape MPs' positions toward gender equality policies through two different pathways. The first pathway proposes a direct connection. While Openness is expected to positively affect MPs' support for gender equality, Conscientiousness is assumed to have a negative impact. The second pathway runs indirectly, linking Openness and Conscientiousness to preferences toward gender equality through the effect of these personality traits on MPs' general ideological positions. Using data from a survey of elite politicians in Germany and Switzerland, the results of a causal mediation analysis show a positive direct effect of Openness that holds independent of a mediating influence of political ideology. The analysis deepens our understanding of gender equality legislation and the MPs engaging in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality traits have been extensively studied to understand different behavioral addictions. However, less is known about the relationship of employees' dark personality traits and work addiction. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations between the Big Five personality traits (i.e., extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness) and dark personality traits (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, sadism, and spitefulness) with work addiction. A total of 514 private sector employees completed a survey that included psychometric assessment tools for the aforementioned variables. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that lower extroversion, lower openness to experience, higher narcissism, and higher spitefulness were positively associated with work addiction among private sector employees. The findings of the present study suggest that dark personality traits should also be taken into account in order to better understand work addiction among employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on our lives with individuals experiencing a wide range of emotions. While much attention has been placed on promoting physical health to control the coronavirus, far less attention has been placed on promoting mental health and well-being. There are well-known reports of individuals gravitating toward the arts during times of extreme stress: art is made in prisons; novels are written secretly in police states. In this study we examined whether individuals turned to the arts to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, how everyday artistic activities helped them regulate their emotions, and whether certain personality traits predicted the use of these strategies. We administered a survey to 486 participants (Mage = 35.7; SDage = 12.3; Rangeage = 18 to 79), asking them about the frequency of artistic activities they engaged in, the artistic activity they felt was the most helpful for coping with the pandemic, and how they used that activity to regulate their emotions. Four findings emerged: (a) participants reported engaging in artistic activities more often during than before the pandemic; (b) listening to music was the most helpful activity, followed by reading, and then the visual arts; (c) artistic activities regulated emotions most commonly by providing a means of escape; and (d) the personality trait of openness to experience predicted use of the approach and self-development emotion regulation strategies. These findings demonstrate that we gravitated toward the arts during the COVID-19 pandemic and that we did so because these activities provided a form of escape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Role-play, or the transient embodiment of a different role from one's own, is a uniquely human activity that permeates many aspects of life. However, what psychosocial factors is one's involvement in role-play associated with? Current role-play research tends to focus on limited variables and is partially marred by negative perception towards role-play in the context of online gaming. Nonetheless, it is undeniable that role-play has potential to elicit psychosocial benefits, including improvements in empathy, resilience, and self-esteem, as well as the amelioration of psychopathology. Therefore, the present study conducts a large-scale survey to identify significant psychosocial benefits that are associated with the individual's engagement in role-play activities. Background variables such as sociodemographic and personality factors are also included to enhance understanding of types of individuals who engage in role-play. Methods: A total of 265 adults were recruited for this study, and data were analyzed using two analytic methods: (1) multiple logistic regression and (2) machine learning, namely support vector machine. Results: Results from both methods agreed that higher openness to experience, a personality factor, significantly increases the likelihood of the individual having reported previous role-play experience. Discussion: While findings remain inconclusive regarding associated psychosocial benefits of role-play, results suggest significant predisposing factors that shape the individual's tendency to engage in role-play activities. Conclusion: The present study provides a large-scale investigation into a wide scope of psychosocial and predisposing factors associated with the individual's role-play experience. Using two analytic methodologies, it was found that there are significant predisposing personality traits that increase the likelihood of the individual engaging in role-play activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to explore the reciprocal associations between personality traits (conscientiousness and openness to experience) and academic achievement in adolescents, using the Personality Achievement Saturation Hypothesis (PASH). Background: Personality traits, especially conscientiousness, and openness, have been identified as strong predictors of academic achievement. The PASH provides a framework for understanding these relationships but has mainly been studied from a unidirectional perspective. This study extends the PASH to examine reciprocal associations and how they vary with different achievement indicators. Methods: Using large‐scale panel data (N = 6482) of secondary school students in Germany, we applied cross‐lagged panel models and latent change score models to examine the differential reciprocal associations between personality traits (conscientiousness/openness) and academic achievement (school grades/achievement test scores) in language and math over two years from grades 7 to 9. Results: In line with the PASH, initial levels of conscientiousness were more strongly associated with school grades than with achievement test scores over two years. Simultaneously, prior school grades were more strongly associated with conscientiousness over two years. However, initial levels of openness did not show differential associations with either school grades or achievement test scores over two years. Similarly, prior school grades and achievement test scores were also not differentially associated with openness over two years. Conclusions: Our findings introduce an innovative lens through which we observe how the PASH can be leveraged to explain the differential reciprocal associations between conscientiousness and academic achievement. Further research is needed to examine if PASH could be similarly extended to disentangle the associations between openness and academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]