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Estudou-se a composição da dieta de peixes em dois tipos de ambiente de áreas rasas estuarinas - marisma e manguezal, objetivando avaliar se essas formações vegetais desencadeiam na ictiofauna respostas diferentes quanto à alimentação. As seis espécies avaliadas, as mais abundantes nessas áreas, mostraram-se predominantemente planctívoras, porém com particularidades quanto ao tipo de vegetação ocupada. Na marisma, Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) apresentou a dieta com maior número de itens e menor similaridade em relação às demais espécies. No manguezal tal isolamento coube a Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879), espécie com maior participação de Decapoda Brachyura e Decapoda não-Brachyura, e única que nesse ambiente incluiu Gammaridae na dieta. Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911) identificou-se com Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann & Marsh, 1900) na marisma e com Opisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur, 1818) e Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) no manguezal. Uma situação comum a marisma e manguezal registrou-se entre O. oglinum e H. clupeola, espécies com dietas praticamente restritas a Diatomacea e Copepoda. Evidenciou-se o quanto as espécies são capazes de variar sua dieta com o ambiente, provavelmente em resposta à disponibilidade local. Mais que isso, porém, constatou-se que, seja na marisma, seja no manguezal, mesmo havendo mudança nos hábitos tróficos das espécies, cada uma delas mantém um padrão de diferenças em relação às demais que compõem a assembléia, fato que possivelmente assegura a abundância e coexistência entre elas nas áreas estuarinas rasas.Diet of fish inhabiting shallow waters close to salt marshes and mangroves was analyzed in order to evaluate how different the influence of these environments on fish feeding habits is. The six studied species, the most abundant in these areas, are mainly planctyvores, however they showed particularities in each area. In salt marshes Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) presented the largest number of food items and the lowest value of similarity regarding other species. In mangroves these attributes were presented by Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879), the main species to feed on Brachyura and non-Brachyura Decapoda, and the only one in this area that includes Gammaridae in its diet. Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911) showed a large affinity with Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann & Marsh, 1900) in salt marshes but a large one with Opisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur, 1818) and Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) in mangroves. Similar behaviour between salt marsh and mangrove has linked H. clupeola to O. oglinum, in which diet was composed almost integrally by Diatomacea and Copepoda. The ability of fish to change their feeding habits according to the environment is well-known worldwide; here it probably results from the availability of preys, which is supposed to be different between salt marshes and mangroves. However, it was also observed that, although food items change from salt marsh to mangrove, the relationships between species remain different in both areas, helping them to be abundant in the shallow estuarine waters.

Se analizan diversos aspectos de la biología y ecología de Opisthonema oglinum con base en 813 individuos obtenidos en seis cruceros oceanográficos. Esta especie dependiente estuarina, se distribuye en la Sonda de Campeche entre los 12 y 36 m. Las hembras tienen una talla de primera madurez de 135 mm de LT. Se reproduce desde mayo a octubre, con dos máximos en mayo y agosto, a profundidades mayores de 18 m. Los juveniles se encuentran en la plataforma y dentro de la Laguna de Términos. El reclutamiento se presenta en junio y octubre. Las máximas abundancias se presentan alrededor de las isobatas de 12 y 36 m, y en nortes en el área carbonatada.At present the ecological understanding and evaluation of tropical demersal fish communities have their bases on studies about the biology and ecology of dominant species. The Campeche Sound, in the southern Gulf of Mexico, has more than 300 species in the demersal fish community and 30 are dominants. Among these species, Opisthonema oglinum is dominant by its frequency, distribution and abundance. This work determined the pattern of abundance and distribution of O. oglinum, and its reproduction, maturity and recruitment. Fish were collected with a shrimp trawl net during six oceanographic cruises in the Campeche Sound. The cruises correspond with the three characteristic seasons in the area: rainy, "nortes", and dry season. A total of 813 individuals with sizes between 56 and 205 mm of total length were collected; they weighted 30 211.5 g. O. oglinum is a typical pelagic-neritic species, and is estuarine dependent. This species occurs in the inner shelf waters of the Campeche Sound, less than 36 m deep and mainly in areas influenced by coastal discharges. It also occurs in the Terminos Lagoon (southern Campeche Sound) and occasionally in the riverine systems that drain into the lagoon. The highest biomass and density are on depths lesser than 20 m, in June and August-October. The high density of juveniles mainly determines the higher biomass. Maturity can start at a total length of 126 mm, but the size of first maturity is 135 mm of total length. Reproduction occurs from May to October with two evident peaks during May and August in depths greater than 18 m. The juveniles are found in the shelf and inside of the Terminos Lagoon. Recruitment is from June to October (rainy season). The visceral and gonadic indices showed that the greatest alimentary activity is from June to August and in November. The condition factor is lowest in June, where the recruitment is highest, and highest in November, after spawning.

SÁ, G. G.; MARINHO, R. A.; CONCEIÇÃO, R. N. de L. Primeira abordagem sobre a pesca da sardinha-bandeira, Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) em Caponga, Cascavel – Ceará, Brasil. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 45, n. 1, p. 13-24, 2012. This research project was carried out through surveying visits made to Caponga Beach in the period from April to October, 2010. Data were collected for the description of the fishing for Atlantic thread herring, Opisthonema oglinum, characterization of the fishing grounds and knowledge of the trade exerted by fishermen and middlemen. Catch data were zalso made available on the sardine fishery production in the period 2001 to 2008. This species represented 8.6% of the total production of fish obtained on the coastal areas of Ceará State in 2006, having reached 30.4 t of the total fish landed in Cascavel county. The fishery is carried out by small sailing crafts that operate mainly with gill nets. In spite ob being one of the most important species caught in small-scale fisheries in the region, studies of the Atlantic thread herring are still scarce. The commercialization of the production follows several trade paths, from fishermen and/or boat owners to brokers, restaurants and consumers. Fishing for the Atlantic thread herring occurs daily throughout the year in Caponga Beach and such a scenario can lead to a disorderly exploitation to the extent that high fishing pressures has been constantly exerted on its stocks. Nesta pesquisa foram realizadas visitas à praia da Caponga no período de abril a outubro de 2010. Foram coletados dados para a descrição da pesca da sardinha-bandeira, Opisthonema oglinum, a caracterização da área e para o conhecimento das relações comerciais realizadas pelos pescadores. Também foram coletados e analisados os dados de produção pesqueira de sardinha no período de 2001 a 2008. A espécie estudada representou 8,6% da produção total de pescado obtido na costa cearense em 2006. E entre 2001 e 2008, atingiu 30,4 t do total de pescado desembarcado em Cascavel. São envolvidas pequenas embarcações chamadas paquetes. Rede de espera é o aparelho de pesca utilizado nesta faina pesqueira. Apesar de ser uma das espécies mais importantes na pesca artesanal da região, estudos relacionados à pesca de sardinha são ainda escassos. A comercialização da produção segue diversos caminhos, partindo dos pescadores e/ou dos donos de embarcações para os atravessadores, restaurantes e consumidores finais. A pesca da sardinha ocorre diariamente, durante todo o ano em Caponga e tal cenário pode gerar uma explotação desordenada de seus estoques, na medida em que estão sendo exercidas constantes pressões de pesca.

Estudou-se a composição da dieta de peixes em dois tipos de ambiente de áreas rasas estuarinas - marisma e manguezal, objetivando avaliar se essas formações vegetais desencadeiam na ictiofauna respostas diferentes quanto à alimentação. As seis espécies avaliadas, as mais abundantes nessas áreas, mostraram-se predominantemente planctívoras, porém com particularidades quanto ao tipo de vegetação ocupada. Na marisma, Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) apresentou a dieta com maior número de itens e menor similaridade em relação às demais espécies. No manguezal tal isolamento coube a Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879), espécie com maior participação de Decapoda Brachyura e Decapoda não-Brachyura, e única que nesse ambiente incluiu Gammaridae na dieta. Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911) identificou-se com Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann & Marsh, 1900) na marisma e com Opisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur, 1818) e Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) no manguezal. Uma situação comum a marisma e manguezal registrou-se entre O. oglinum e H. clupeola, espécies com dietas praticamente restritas a Diatomacea e Copepoda. Evidenciou-se o quanto as espécies são capazes de variar sua dieta com o ambiente, provavelmente em resposta à disponibilidade local. Mais que isso, porém, constatou-se que, seja na marisma, seja no manguezal, mesmo havendo mudança nos hábitos tróficos das espécies, cada uma delas mantém um padrão de diferenças em relação às demais que compõem a assembléia, fato que possivelmente assegura a abundância e coexistência entre elas nas áreas estuarinas rasas. Diet of fish inhabiting shallow waters close to salt marshes and mangroves was analyzed in order to evaluate how different the influence of these environments on fish feeding habits is. The six studied species, the most abundant in these areas, are mainly planctyvores, however they showed particularities in each area. In salt marshes Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) presented the largest number of food items and the lowest value of similarity regarding other species. In mangroves these attributes were presented by Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879), the main species to feed on Brachyura and non-Brachyura Decapoda, and the only one in this area that includes Gammaridae in its diet. Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911) showed a large affinity with Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann & Marsh, 1900) in salt marshes but a large one with Opisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur, 1818) and Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) in mangroves. Similar behaviour between salt marsh and mangrove has linked H. clupeola to O. oglinum, in which diet was composed almost integrally by Diatomacea and Copepoda. The ability of fish to change their feeding habits according to the environment is well-known worldwide; here it probably results from the availability of preys, which is supposed to be different between salt marshes and mangroves. However, it was also observed that, although food items change from salt marsh to mangrove, the relationships between species remain different in both areas, helping them to be abundant in the shallow estuarine waters.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-16T16:22:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mercia Andrea da Silva Lino.pdf: 720478 bytes, checksum: 15434a7afea55096fdbd73d83369051c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T16:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mercia Andrea da Silva Lino.pdf: 720478 bytes, checksum: 15434a7afea55096fdbd73d83369051c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-17 The Atlantic thread herring Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818), inserted in the Clupeidae family, appears in pelagic, marine and coastal areas, until 5m deep. They form young compact schools in Santa Cruz canal, Pernambuco, Brazil, where feed on small fishes, crabs and shrimps (adults) and planktonic organisms (juveniles). They’re spread in the whole American Atlantic coast, since New England until Argentina. The shortest (shorter than 20 cm) are called “manjuba” and marketed salted. The tallest – called “sardinha-de-laje” – are sold fresh or frozen. In spite of be the most important specie in handmade fish in Itapissuma region, the researches about its biology are very superficial. So, the aim of this work is getting fish and biology data of this specie. Since 2000 until 2002, 930 types were collected and they were measured (morphological characters) and was seen the Sex and the maturity stat to determinate the first maturity length (Lpm) and the period of reproduction. The data collected were: standard length, 52,5 – 209,0 mm; head, 9,0 – 47,0 mm; size, 12,0 – 70,1 mm; mouth, 2,0 – 16,0 mm; interorbital space 2,0 – 12,0 mm; eye diameter, 2,5 – 12,8 mm; dorsal fin, 0+19–21 radius and anal fin 0+21–26 radius. The morfometrical data were shared in 16 types (10 mm), between 55 mm (50 – 60 mm) until 205 mm (200 – 210 mm). The averages wereplotted in graph, to specify the characters, being the classes from 85 mm and from 95 mm the most representative with 24,9 % and 24,2 %, in the total of kinds that were caught. O. oglinum lays every year and the first maturity length (Lpm) is 117 mm. 92,7 % of the species is low of this Lpm. In natural environment, however, this specie can be used like grazing specie in mariculture. Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818), inserta na família Clupeidae, ocorre em regiões pelágicas marinhas e estuarinas, até a profundidade de 5 m. Distribui-se em toda costa atlântica das Américas: desde a Nova Inglaterra até a Argentina. Forma grandes cardumes de juvenis alimentando-se de plâncton, de pequenos peixes, camarões e siris. No canal de Santa Cruz, região de Itapissuma, Pernambuco, Brasil, os exemplares pequenos (