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Rodents are quite common at livestock production sites. Their adaptability, high reproductive capacity and omnivorousness make them apt to become a source of disease transmission to humans and animals. Rodents can serve as mechanical vectors or active shedders of many bacteria and viruses, and their transmission can occur through direct contact, or indirectly through contaminated food and water or by the arthropods which parasitise infected rodents. This review paper summarises how rodents spread infectious diseases in poultry production.

Many countries have reported severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in mink, and transmission back to humans has raised the concern of novel variants emerging in these animals. The monitoring system on Polish mink farms detected SARS-CoV-2 infection first in January 2021 and has been kept in place since then.

Since April 2020, when the first SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in mink and subsequently in mink farm workers in the Netherlands, it has been confirmed that human-to-mink and mink-to-human transmission can occur. Later, SARS-CoV-2 infections in mink were reported in many European and North American countries.

Caesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world. In recent years, more and more births have been completed by caesarean section. In Poland, the percentage of deliveries by this method is over 40%. Unfortunately, according to studies, up to one in five women rate the post-operative pain as 8/10 on the Visual Anologue Scale (VAS). It is important to provide the young mother with the opportunity to build a bond with her newborn from the first days of life. Therefore, pain therapy must be effective and systematic, as well as enabling safe breastfeeding. Pain therapy is already implemented preoperatively and such an action makes it possible to maintain a longer analgesic effect after caesarean section surgery. The intensity of postoperative pain often requires the supply of opioid analgesics. The most common drug is morphine. However, it should be noted that opioids administered systemically to patients are associated with a number of adverse effects. These include respiratory depression, sedation, or nausea and vomiting. The best-evaluated technique for opioid drug delivery is the use of perianal blockade, which very rarely causes respiratory depression in the neonate and also does not significantly affect maternal functioning. The supply of non-opioid analgesics effectively reduces the need for opioid use and is an excellent adjunct to a multimodal analgesia regimen after caesarean section. Intraoperative administration of dexamethasone is a popular practice. In addition to preventing nausea and vomiting, it has also been shown to have a positive effect on postoperative pain sensation. It is also worth bearing in mind the possibility of other regional anaesthetic techniques such as continuous wound infiltration or blocking the transverse abdominal muscle space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginekologia i Perinatologia Praktyczna is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginekologia i Perinatologia Praktyczna is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)