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6 results on '"Opportunities and constraints"'

1. Strategies and Actions in Swedish Mining Resistance : Mapping Anti-Extraction Movements and Exploring How Their Interpretations of Socio-Political Context Shape Mobilization Against Mining Projects

Author

Fjellborg, Daniel and Fjellborg, Daniel

Abstract

Across the world, the demand for minerals is steadily increasing. In Europe, the push for mining coincides with rising public mobilization against extraction projects, and mining-related conflicts will likely be a feature of Europe’s foreseeable future. To understand the trajectories of mining conflicts, and to find just ways of handling them, it is important to understand the strategies and actions of the networks of actors that oppose extraction projects, that is, anti-extraction movements. While previous research has primarily explored mining resistance in the Global South, our knowledge about mining resistance in Europe is lacking. I contribute to filling this gap by investigating anti-extraction movements in Sweden, a long-term producer of minerals. The aim of the thesis is thus to explore what strategies and actions anti-extraction movements in Sweden use and how and why they choose them. I use social movement theory and emphasize how choices of strategies and actions are shaped by the socio-political context in which movements are embedded. With the help of frame analysis and an interpretive research approach, I explore how movement actors’ interpretations of contextual opportunities and constraints shape their actions, thus contributing to the ongoing research debate about how surrounding societal actors and institutions influence movement agency. In four papers, building on an extensive document analysis and interviews with movement actors, I systematically map and analyse anti-extraction movements in Sweden and provide in-depth studies of selected cases. I ask two research questions: 1. What anti-extraction movements are there in Sweden, in what socio-political contexts are they embedded, and what actions have they taken? 2. How do anti-extraction movements’ goals and interpretations of contextual opportunities and constraints shape their strategies and actions? The thesis presents the first comprehensive mapping of anti-extraction movements in Sweden an

Published
2024

2. Gendered moral rationalities in combining motherhood and employment : a case study of Sri Lanka

Author

Kodagoda, Delapolage Thilakshi Deepika, Duncan, Simon, and Beckett, A. M. Clare

Subjects
305, Motherhood, Employment, Professional, Managerial mothers, Sri Lanka, Work-life balance, Gendered identities, Socio-cultural environment, Opportunities and constraints, Religious constraints, Social problems, Working mothers
Abstract

Over the last three decades, the impact of dramatic change in the social, religious, political and economic environment has led to a rapid expansion in the number of women entering the paid labour force in Sri Lanka as elsewhere. However, their identities and workload continue to be defined around caring work, especially for children. Not surprisingly, employed mothers endeavour to balance these two central spheres of their life, family and work. This research focuses on the contradictions of mothers' work-life balance. It does so through an analysis of how successfully (or unsuccessfully) professional and managerial mothers in Sri Lanka combine motherhood with paid work, and how they understand this in terms of gendered identities and social norms. This example also allows an evaluation of western derived theories about mothers' decision making in the context of a developing, Asian country. Grounded theory was used to examine mothers' narratives about life in the family and at work, drawn from in-depth qualitative interviews, along with data from some representative secondary sources, in order to explore these questions. This thesis demonstrates that working women's mothering leads to the formation of a gendered identity which varies according to different socio-cultural and religious opportunities and constraints. Using the Bourdieu approach the research suggests how everyday life operates in terms of habitus, field and capital. However, these working mothers have low capacity to achieve a work-life balance and this may lead to complex social problems.

Published
2011

3. Konsessiehouers se vlak van tevredenheid met die geleenthede en beperkings van konsessies.

Author

VAN WYK, GERHARD and DE JAGER, JOHAN

Subjects
*RETAIL franchises, *ADVERTISING media planning, *CONSUMER protection, *BUSINESS enterprises, *SYNDICATES (Finance), *DEMOGRAPHIC surveys
Abstract

Franchisees' level of satisfaction with the opportunities and threats of franchising Franchisees often complain that franchisors do not meet their needs in general, supported by a belief that franchisees are dissatisfied with the opportunities and constraints of franchises. The objective of this article is to investigate franchisees' level of satisfaction with the opportunities and constraints of franchises, including the following franchise elements: training provided by the franchisor, the use of an established trade name, franchising as a complete business system (product), the allocation of specific geographical areas, and local and national advertising campaigns. Data were collected by means of a self-administrated questionnaire that was sent to the selected population. A census survey was conducted in association with 75 (51%) of the 145 franchisees whose postal addresses are available on the internet. Respondents were requested to arrange their level of agreement in relation to pre-stated variables on a 5-point Likert scale (ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree"). Of the 145 questionnaires that were posted to franchisees, 77 (53%) were received back. Of these 75 (51,7%) could be used while two (1,3%) were rejected because they were incomplete. The SPSS (15) statistical package was used for the processing of raw tabulated data as part of the statistical analysis process. A Cronbach-alpha coefficient of 0,785 was obtained. This indicates an expectable level of internal consistency and the reliability of the measurement instrument that was used in this study. The data represent two groups of the same franchise, namely franchisees who have functioned as franchisees for two years and less and franchisees who have functioned as franchisees for two years and longer. Consideration is given to the degree to which the two groups observe the franchise elements differently. The population of franchisees that have been franchise holders for between nil and two years as franchisees is slightly smaller than that of the franchisees who have been franchise holders for two years and longer. Franchisees are satisfied with: the margins on products as provided by franchisors, the franchisors' current promotional activities, the support received from the franchisor in the selection process of a distribution point, financial support provided by the franchisor, product and market information as provided by the franchisor, the rate of development of new products by the franchisor and the financial potential of the geographical areas allocated to their franchises. The franchisor understands the training needs of franchisees. The franchisor provides operational support by means of an operational manual. Franchisees do not operate 100% in accordance to the processes as prescribed in the franchisor's operational manual. All distribution points of the franchisor meet the same standard with regard to design and layout. The franchisor does meet the franchisees' needs with regard to products and services provided by the franchisor, including the quality of products that are available in the current product range. Franchisees join the franchise because of the brand name of the franchise and the professional services offered by the franchisor. Franchisees are satisfied with the current franchise fees. The current franchisor product range does not compare favourably with competitors' products with regard to product research, new product development, pricing strategies, packaging and product planning. The perception exists that the current franchise agreement is in favour of the franchisor only. This paper offers a new perspective on the generalisation that franchisees are not satisfied with the opportunities and constraints of franchises. The findings indicate a high level of satisfaction among franchisees with the opportunities and constraints of franchises, with the exception of identified challenges that could be developed further in order to increase franchisees' level of satisfaction - contrary to popular belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

5. Microalgae – A green multi-product biorefinery for future industrial prospects.

Author

Bhattacharya, Munna and Goswami, Saswata

Subjects
MICROALGAE, SPIRULINA, DUNALIELLA, INDUSTRIAL goods, FISH feeds, MANURES, ANIMAL feeds
Abstract

Microalgae offer fascinating highlights to be enable them as elective raw material for different applications through bio-refining process. They have special capacities to use them for biotechnology-oriented applications. In this way, this review examines to grow the extent of incorporating microalgae along with different other biorefinery applications to upgrade their maintainability. The utilization of microalgae as animal and fish feed, manures, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, environmental and other biotechnological applications are altogether assessed. It additionally features the boundaries, openings, improvements, what's more, probabilities of expanding the extent of microalgae through techno-economic analysis. This review infers that subsidizing supported research and a move of microalgal research objective from biofuels generation to bio-refinery co-items can ensure them as valuable resource. In addition, innovation joining is inescapable to bypass the expense of biomass handling of microalgae. It is anticipated that this review would be useful to decide the future job of microalgae in bio-refinery applications. • Algae as a biorefinery for multiple value-added products and for industrial applications. • Evaluation of the overall biorefinery process-culturing, harvesting, Isolation and extraction procedures. • Current product portfolio of microalgae derived products. • Opportunities and constraints for microalgae biorefinery system. • Technoeconomic evaluation of microalgae biorefinery- LCA analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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6. Opportunities and constraints for intermediaries in distribution : The challenge of variety

Author

Jensen, Leif-Magnus and Jensen, Leif-Magnus

Abstract

The variety in contemporary distribution systems is large and reflects complex customer demands and new technological and organizational possibilities. Changes in the distribution system lead to new challenges and constraints for intermediaries trying to establish consistent roles for themselves. The challenge for theory is how to describe these changed and complex roles. This article is based on a case study of one intermediary (a third-party logistics provider) in the car distribution industry. The article presents a framework of six roles, four of which find parallels in functionalist discussions of roles, and two of which appear more closely tied to new developments in distribution. These are specifically tied to the way intermediaries have increased opportunities to act as resource providers and organizers in contemporary distribution. The opportunities and constraints for intermediaries in the type of distribution context studied are analyzed using the IMP literature. This proves fruitful in particular through discussing the impact of actor bonds and resource ties. The resources the intermediary controls may be less important in defining its role than the fit with resources possessed by others and the resulting opportunities., Distribution Networks in Transition

Published
2010

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