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Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) are overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa). Since bombesin analogue aminobenzoic-acid (AMBA) binds to GRPR with high affinity, scandium-44 conjugated AMBA is a promising radiotracer in the PET diagnostics of GRPR positive tumors. Herein, the GRPR specificity of the newly synthetized [44Sc]Sc-NODAGA-AMBA was investigated in vitro and in vivo applying PCa PC-3 xenograft. After the in-vitro assessment of receptor binding, PC-3 tumor-bearing mice were injected with [44Sc]Sc/[68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-AMBA (in blocking studies with bombesin) and in-vivo PET examinations were performed to determine the radiotracer uptake in standardized uptake values (SUV). 44Sc/68Ga-labelled NODAGA-AMBA was produced with high molar activity (approx. 20 GBq/µmoL) and excellent radiochemical purity. The in-vitro accumulation of [44Sc]Sc-NODAGA-AMBA in PC-3 cells was approximately 25-fold higher than that of the control HaCaT cells. Relatively higher uptake was found in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo in the same tumor with the 44Sc-labelled probe compared to [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-AMBA. The GRPR specificity of [44Sc]Sc-NODAGA-AMBA was confirmed by significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased %ID and SUV values in PC-3 tumors after bombesin pretreatment. The outstanding binding properties of the novel [44Sc]Sc-NODAGA-AMBA to GRPR outlines its potential to be a valuable radiotracer in the imaging of GRPR-positive PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Previous studies have already shown that 68Gallium(68Ga)-labeled NGR-based radio - pharmaceuticals specifically bind to the neoangiogenic molecule Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13). The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of 68Ga-NOTAc( NGR) in the in vivo detection of the temporal changes of APN/CD13 expression in the diabetic retinopathy rat model using positron emission tomography (PET). Materials and Methods: Ischemia/reperfusion injury was initiated by surgical ligation of the left bulbus oculi of rats. In vivo PET imaging studies were performed after the surgery using 68Ga-NOTA-c(NGR). Results: Significantly higher 68Ga- NOTA-c(NGR) uptake was observed in the surgically-ligated left bulbus, compared to the bulbus of the non-surgical group at each investigated time point. The western blot and histological analysis confirmed the increased expression of the neo-angiogenic marker APN/CD13. Conclusion: 68Ga- NOTA-c(NGR) is a suitable radiotracer for the detection of the temporal changes of the ischemia/reperfusion-mediated expression of APN/CD13 in the surgically induced diabetic retinopathy rat model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to reveal potential sources of systematic motion artifacts in stroke functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) focusing on those causing stimulus-correlated motion on the individual-level and separate the motion effect on the fMRI signal changing from the activation-induced alteration at population level.Methods: Eleven ischemic stroke patients were examined by fMRI. The fMRI paradigm was based on passive ankle movement on both the healthy and the paretic leg's side. Three individual-level motion correction strategies were compared and we introduced five measures to characterize each subjects' in-scanner relative head movement. After analyzing the correlation of motion parameters and the subjects' physiological scale scores, we selected a parameter to model the motion-related artifacts in the second-level analysis.Results: At first (individual) level analysis, the noise-component correction-based CompCor method provided the highest -log10(p) value of cluster-level occurrence probability at 12.4/13.6 for healthy and paretic side stimulus, respectively, with a maximal z-value of 15/16.3. Including the motion parameter at second (group) level resulted in lower cluster occurrence values at 10.9/5.55 while retaining the maximal z-value.Conclusions: We proposed a postprocessing pipeline for ischemic stroke fMRI data that combine the CompCor correction at first level with the modeling of motion effect at second-level analysis by a parameter obtained from fMRI data. Our solution is applicable for any fMRI-based stroke rehabilitation study since it does not require any MRI-compatible motion capture system and is based on commonly used methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of these experiments was to examine the applicability of two different methods (TOBEC and CT) for the in vivo prediction of egg composition. In the first experiment the electrical conductivity of 46 hen's eggs was measured by means of the TOBEC (Total Body Electrical Conductivity) method and correlations were calculated between the measured values and different egg components (dry matter, protein, fat). In the second experiment 120 hen's eggs were scanned by CT (computer tomography), in order to develop the CT measurement protocol and to determine correlations between the information content of the CT images and yolk content of the eggs. In the case of the TOBEC measurements it was established that the dry matter and fat content of the eggs could be measured with medium accuracy (R2=0.472 and R2=0.486, respectively), when the electrical conductivity (E-value) and the weight of the eggs are used as independent variables in the linear regression model. In the second experiment it was observed that the separation of egg yolk and albumen is not possible based on the X-ray density values of the pixels (CT picture elements) because of the overlapping values of yolk and albumen. The determination of the surface of egg yolk on the CT pictures gave fairly good results, but this type of the evaluation is very time consuming. Therefore further development of the new egg-separation and segmentation software is needed, which can be used to determine the whole volume of the yolk, albumen and shell automatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The research utility of the bulk of the medical data generated at the Clinical Center of the University of Debrecen, which is constituted mainly by the clinical diagnostic laboratory results and medical images, is quite constrained in its present unstandardized form. The primary aim of the Big Data Research and Development project at the University of Debrecen is to facilitate data transformation and standardization to propagate its research utility for the potential end-users. Data generated in the in vitro diagnostic laboratory setting are an ideal candidate for the aforementioned goals. Data generated in Hungarian language in this particular setting are typically acronyms that do not particularly confirm to any standard norms and the transformation of these data using the globally acknowledged Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) was the primary goal of this research project. Globally the LOINC is used by healthcare providers, government agencies, insurance companies, software and device manufacturers, researchers and reference laboratories for identifying medical laboratory observations and promote unhindered fluency between various systems., Objective: The aim of the project was to assure compliance of the various routine diagnostic laboratory parameters (n = 448) generated at the Department of Laboratory Medicine of the University of Debrecen to the LOINC system paying particular attention to and accommodating data sensitive to timeline and methodology., Methods: Keywords allocated to individual parameters determined by the laboratory were provided by the IT service provider of the facility. The individual codes for the various parameters were manually identified using the search engine of the LOINC database available at http://www.loinc.org, only upon attainment of proficiency in use of the database and ample familiarity with the scientific literature on the topic., Results: All routine diagnostic laboratory parameters were LOINC coded with no exception. The list of LOINCs' was made available on the https://labmed.unideb.hu/hu/loinc-tablazatok web link of the University of Debrecen., Conclusion: The transformation of diagnostic laboratory parameters to globally recognized LOINCs' improves and further facilitates the international integration of data generated at the University of Debrecen, furthermore propels communications between laboratories and parties of interest beyond international boundaries and borders. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(27): 1043-1051.

Background/aim: Previous studies have already shown that 68 Gallium( 68 Ga)-labeled NGR-based radiopharmaceuticals specifically bind to the neoangiogenic molecule Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13). The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of 68 Ga-NOTA-c(NGR) in the in vivo detection of the temporal changes of APN/CD13 expression in the diabetic retinopathy rat model using positron emission tomography (PET)., Materials and Methods: Ischemia/reperfusion injury was initiated by surgical ligation of the left bulbus oculi of rats. In vivo PET imaging studies were performed after the surgery using 68 Ga-NOTA-c(NGR)., Results: Significantly higher 68 Ga-NOTA-c(NGR) uptake was observed in the surgically-ligated left bulbus, compared to the bulbus of the non-surgical group at each investigated time point. The western blot and histological analysis confirmed the increased expression of the neo-angiogenic marker APN/CD13., Conclusion: 68 Ga-NOTA-c(NGR) is a suitable radiotracer for the detection of the temporal changes of the ischemia/reperfusion-mediated expression of APN/CD13 in the surgically induced diabetic retinopathy rat model., (Copyright © 2022, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)

Background: Contemporary neuroimaging methods disclosed structural and functional cerebral abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). However, individual electrical (EEG) abnormalities have not been evaluated yet in IGE patients., Methods: IGE patients were investigated in the drug-free condition and after 3-6 month of antiepileptic treatment. To estimate the reproducibility of qEEG variables a retrospective recruited cohort of IGE patients was investigated. 19-channel resting state EEG activity was recorded. For each patient a total of 2 minutes EEG activity was analyzed by LORETA (Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography). Raw LORETA values were Z-transformed and projected to a MRI template. Z-values outside within the [+3Z] to [-3Z] range were labelled as statistically abnormal., Results: 1. In drug-free condition, 41-50% of IGE patients showed abnormal LORETA values. 2. Abnormal LORETA findings showed great inter-individual variability. 3. Most abnormal LORETA-findings were symmetrical. 4. Most maximum Z-values were localized to frontal or temporal cortex. 5. Succesfull treatment was mostly coupled with disappearence of LORETA-abnormality, persistent seizures were accompanied by persistent LORETA abnormality., Discussion: 1. LORETA abnormalities detected in the untreated condition reflect seizure-generating property of the cortex in IGE patients. 2. Maximum LORETA-Z abnormalities were topographically congruent with structural abnormalities reported by other research groups. 3. LORETA might help to investigate drug effects at the whole-brain level.

Background and Purpose: Studies have shown that a high proportion of patients undergoing MRI examinations experience anxiety and distress which may compromise image quality and successful data acquisition. Research on fMRI related anxiety is limited as to date, therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the changes in anxiety as well as to examine its interactions with the implementation of a dedicated patient preparation phase prior to the examination., Methods: An fMRI examination consisting of six paradigms was performed on nine female and nine male healthy volunteers. Prior to the examination, the volunteers were subject to an extensive patient preparation phase including the professional support of a psychologist. The volunteers were subject to the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) pre and post fMRI. Blood pressure and heart rate were also measured pre and post fMRI examination., Results: A high level of trait and state anxiety was observed (STAI-T: 41.67 +/- 8.96; STAI-S: 34.78 +/- 9.79) prior to the examination. The level of state anxiety decreased significantly following the examination (STAI-S: 28.83 +/- 4.99, p<0.01). Correlation between the volunteers level of anxiety prior to the fMRI scan and the volume of the activation areas was observed in the fingertapping (r=0.656; 0.561) and word generation (r=0.471) paradigms., Conclusion: The results of this study support the contribution of a supportive patient preparation phase inclusive of professional guidance to help reduce the volunteers' level of distress and anxiety. These results encourage the study to be extended to clinical patients.

The aim of the study is to review the new tomographic imaging technologies which enable to investigate the metabolic activity of the human body. Accordingly, we overview the current promising methodology in the field of PET and SPECT, but we will also mention interesting applications at the area of MRI and CT.